AU620564B2 - Cholesterol reducing food containing sugar cane parenchyma cell wall - Google Patents

Description

II I AU-AI-23272/88 PCT WORLD I LE AL PEROR IZA

S

INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (51) International Patent Classification 4 (11) International Publication Number: WO 89/ 01295 A23K 1/14, A61K 35/78 Al (43) International Publication Date: 23 February 1989 (23.02.89) (21) International Application Number: PCT/AU88/00317 (81) Designated States: AT (European patent), AU, BE (European patent), CH (European patent), DE (Euro- (22) International Filing Date: 18 August 1988 (18.08.88) pean patent), FR (European patent), GB (European patent), IT (European patent), JP, KR, LU (European patent), NL (European patent), SE (European pa- (31) Priority Application Number: PI 3887 tent), US.

(32) Priority Date: 21 August 1987 (21.08.87) Published (33) Priority Country: AU With international search report.

(71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): FRAC- TIONATED CANE TECHNOLOGY LTD. [AU/ AUJ; GPO Box 2498, Brisbane, QLD 4001 (AU).

(72) Inventors; and A. P. 2 7 APR 1989 Inventors/Applicants (for US only) O'SULLIVAN, Mark, Humphrey [AU/AU]; 32 Lambert Road, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068 SAMPSON, Ronald,

AUSTRALIAN

Lee [US/AU]; 14 Stanmere Street, Carindale, QLD 4152 9 (74) Agent: F.B. RICE CO.; 28A Montague Street, Balmain, NSW 2041 PATENT OFFICE

-I

(54) Title: CHOLESTEROL REDUCING FOOD CONTAINING SUGAR CANE PARENCHYMA CELL WALL (57) Abstract Food for humans and other animals, particularly avian species and monogastric mammals, containing effective amounts of parenchyma cell walls from sugar cane. Such foodstuffs reduce the cholesterol and/or body fat content of the animal when the parenchyma cell wall material comprises an effective amount of the animals' diet.

j WO 89/01295 PCT/AU88/00317 CHOLESTEROL REDUCING FOOD CONTAINING SUGAR CANE PARENCHYMA CELL WALL TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method of feeding animals, particularly monogastric animals, so as to reduce the cholesterol content thereof, and to a foodstuff for use in this method.

BACKGROUND ART It has been previously found that some complex carbohydrates derived from certain types of plant have the capacity to reduce blood cholesterol and/or body fat levels in animals including avian species and man and other mammalian species. Such complex carbohydrates have recently been obtained from oat bran and have been known for many years to be present in substantial amounts in ispaghula husks. Foodstuffs for man and other animals have been prepared which include such plant derived complex carbohydrates and have been used as part of the diet of the animal in order to reduce the cholesterol and/or the body fat content of the animal.

The known complex carbohydrates of plant origin which have been found to be able to reduce cholesterol and/or body fat levels of animals have been relatively expensive and/or difficult to obtain because of the relative scarcity of the plants or the small amount of such complex carbohydrate in the plant. The present inventors have discovered that certain parts of sugar cane plant (Saccharum officinarum) contain ingredients, probably complex carbohydrates, which are capable of reducing the cholesterol and/or body fat levels of animals consuming effective amounts of those parts of the sugar cane.

The stem or stalk of the sugar cane plant is that portion above ground which bears leaves and inflorescence. It is cylindrical in shape and is divided into joints. Each cane joint includes a node and an elongate, cylindrical, internode region. The internode WO 89/01295 PCT/AU88/00317 region comprises an outer rind made up of several layers of liguified sclerenchyma cells; and the inner pith which is made up of bundles of vascular sclerenchyma cells and the ground tissue containing parenchyma cells, which are the storage cells containing the major part of the plant juices from which sugar is recovered.

It has now been found that surprisingly the parenchyma cell wall fraction of sugar cane when fed to animals, particularly monogastric animals, produces animals having lower cholesterol levels and lower body fat levels than animals fed conventional feed rations.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention therefore comprises a method for lowering the cholesterol, and/or body fat content of animals, particularly monogastric animals, comprising the step of including in the feed rations of the animals an effective amount of parenchyma cell wall of sugar cane, preferably substantially free of fibrous sclerenchyma cells therefrom.

As used herein the expression parenchyma cells is taken to mean fresh parenchyma cell wall, dried parenchyma cell wall obtained by freeing fresh parenchyma cells from sugar cane and drying them, and dried parenchyma cells obtained by separating dried parenchyma cells or cell wall material from dried or extracted sugar cane such as bagasse. In the lattermost case sugars may be added back to the dried cell wall material to provide a sugar content at least substantially equal to that of a whole dried parenchyma cells. The parenchyma cell wall material may comprise adhered bundles of parenchyma cells or fragments of cell wall obtained by grinding or otherwise comminuting the parenchyma cells in a fresh or dried condition.

In another aspect the present invention consists in an animal feed or human food for lowering the cholesterol and/or body fat content of animals containing an effective i yy-'-PmrZ1F WO 89/01295 PCT/AI s/Nnl 7 3 amount of parenchyma cell wall of sugar cane, preferably substantially free of fibrous sclerenchyma cells therefrom. For human use foodstuffs containing from 1 to by weight of parenchyma cell wall are preferred whereas for feeding livestock, higher percentages, e.g. to 30% are preferred.

In a further aspect the present invention consists in a feedstuff comprising parenchyma cell wall material from sugar cane finely ground and sieved to remove particles larger than 100 microns.

The animal feed preferably contains additional balanced nutritional components sufficient to satisfy the dietary needs of the animal to be fed such nutritional components include vitamins, minerals and protein supplements. It is also possible that the additivies such as crude fibre may be desired to be added to the animal feed particularly if it is to be consumed by ruminant animals. In this case it may be desirable to add to the feed a proportion of the sclerenchyma cell material from sugar cane, particularly the sclerenchyma cell derived from the vascular bundles of the sugar cane.

The present invention is hereinafter described with reference to experiments conducted with pigs and chickens. It will be recognized by persons skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the feeding of pigs and chickens but may be used to reduce cholesterol levels in other animals, and particularly avian species and monogastric mammals including man. The pig is recognised as a good model for human nutritional studies and the results obtained from studies on pigs are readily useable in assessing the utility of the present invention in humans.

BEST MODE OF CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter given by way of example only are preferred embodiments of the present invention.

a' WO 89/01295 PCT/AU88/00317 4- A substantially non-fibrous fraction of sugar cane, largely comprising dried parenchyma cells thereof, was prepared as described in Australian patent specification 61724/86 the contents whereof are herein incorporated by reference. This non-fibrous fraction of sugar cane is hereinafter called Sucrafeed 1 and comprises parenchyma cell walls and the dried sugar therefrom substantially free of sclerenchyma cells.

CHEMICAL ANAYLSIS Analysis of the Sucrafeed 1 yield the results set out hereunder in Tables I, II and III.

TABLE I. Major component distribution in sugar cane parenchyma cells total dry wt).

Sample Hydrophobic A HydrophilicE Cell wallsC material material 1 1.1 63.2 35.7 2 1.0 66.3 32.7 A. chloroform-soluble material, e.g. lipids, pigments, waxes, etc.

B. 80% ethanol-soluble material, e.g. free sugars, free phenolics, etc.

C. 80% ethanol-insoluble material, e.g. polysaccharides, lignin.

Note: B is considered highly digestible and the components are not bound to cell-wall polymers.

(ii) There should be very little protein in the sample (cell wall).

(iii) The total analytical procedure was performed in duplicate (samples 1 and 2).

WO 89/01295 PCT/AU88/00317 TABLE II. Components in 80% ethanol-soluble fraction (B in Table I) as fraction.

Sample Total freea Total freeb Unaccounted forc phenolics sugars material 1 1.4 54.9 43.7 2 1.2 53.0 45.8 aby Folin-Ciocalteu reagent against p-coumaric acid standard.

bby phenol-sulphuric acid against D-glucose standard.

Cby difference (pigments, flavonoids).

Note: Sample aliquot with cone. sulphuric acid gave a noticeable pink colour indicative of flavonoid compounds, e.g. anthocyanidins.

TABLE III. Composition of sugar cane parenchyma cell-wall fraction (C in Table I) as fraction.

Sample Neutral sugarsa Uronicb Apparentc Unaccountedd Ara Xyl Glc acids lignin for material 1 3.1 19.9 33.2 3.0 24.2 16.6 2 3.2 20.1 33.5 3.1 27.8 12.3 aby g.l.c. of alditol acetates; trace amounts of mannose, galactose.

bby 3-pehnylphenol method against D-glucuronic acid standard.

cthis will include minerals insoluble in 72% sulphuric acid (ash).

dby difference polyphenols soluble in acid and experimental error associated with methodology).

WO 89/01295 PCT/AU88/00317 EVALUATION OF ANIMAL FEED PIGS The evaluation of Sucrafeed 1 as a dietary energy source for pigs consisted of two separate experiments.

Firstly, the digestible energy content of the sugar cane extract was determined in 4 individually-fed pigs (approximately 30 kg liveweight).

Secondly, diets were formulated incorporating 0, 15 or of Sucrafeed 1 in the diet. The diets were formulated to meet the needs of the growing/finishing pig using the digestible energy value of the extract obtained from the first experiment. Each diet was pelleted and fed to a total of 30 pigs .(male and female) maintained under commercial piggery conditions (3 pens each containing pigs).

EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS EXPERIMENT 1 Determination of the digestible energy content.

Four pigs (30 kg liveweight) were maintained in individual metabolism cages and fed Sucrafeed 1 ad libitum for a 4 day preliminary period. Faecal output and feed intake of the pigs was subsequently measured over a 3 day period. The gross energy content of the feed and faeces was determined by bomb calorimetry and the digestible energy (DE) content of the diet was calculated.

EXPERIMENT 2 Determination of the food intake and growth of pigs.

Diets Diets were formulated at The University of Queensland and prepared by Cheethams Feed Pty. Ltd., Wacol, Brisbane, Australia, to meet the standard requirements of the growing/finishing pig (Table IV).

After mixing the ingredients the diets were pelletized.

WO 89/01295 PCT/AU88/00317 TABLE IV. Composition and analysis of diets.

Level of Feed Supplement According to this Invention Ingredients 0 15 Sucrafeed 1 0 15 Wheat 83.7 63.6 42.8 Soya 6.2 10.5 15.0 Meatmeal 2.0 2.0 Bloodmeal 2.0 2.0 Fishmeal 5.0 5.0 Tallow -0.8 2.1 DL methionine 0.6 0.6 0.6 Sale 0.25 0.25 0.25 Premix (Vit/Min) 0.15 0.15 0.15 Copper/Zinc supplement 0.1.0 0.10 0.10 Analyses Digestible energy (MJ/kg DM) 13.4 13.4 13.4 Crude protein 17.0 17.0 17.0 Fibre 3.0 7.2 12.0 Animals A total of 9'0 Large White x Yorkshire pigs (36 females and 54 males) were used in the experiment. A comparison of the growth of 10 pigs fed diets containing either 0, 15 or 30% Sucrafeed 1 was temporally replicated, using in total 30 pigs (3 pens of 10 pigs), on each dietary treatment.

The mean starting weight of pigs in the experiment was 30 kg and the animals were slaughtered when they reached 80 kg. Slaughtering was conducted at Queensland Bacon Abattoir, Murarrie, after an overnight fast.

Backfat thickness was measured by the Abattoir on each animal and random carcasses were sectioned to measure eye muscle area and to obtain fat samples for cholesterol and long chain fatty acid (LCFA) analysis.

WO 89/01295 PCT/AU88/00317 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION EXPERIMENT 1. The mean digestible energy content of the diet was found to be 11.5 0.2 MJ DE/kg DM in the four pigs. Given the gross energy of the diets (16.7 MJ GE/kg DM), the apparent energy digestibility was 0.69 From these results it can be calculaed that approximately 30% of the fibre in the extract must have been digested by the pigs, presumably in the large intestine.

EXPERIMENT 2. After 3 weeks of the experiment, one pig fed the control diet Sucrafeed 1) died of gastric 11ceration, otherwise there were no signs of disease or adverse nutritional factors. Such gastric ulcerations are observed regularly in pigs fed, conventional pig diets.

Thus it is of interest that no cases of ulceration were observed in the pigs fed diets containing 15 or Sucrafeed 1.

There were no signiticant differences in feed intake, liveweight gain and theiefore feed conversion efficiency of the pigs fed the three dietary regimens (Table The liveweight gains are comparable with superior industry levels of 700-800 g/day for pigs of the same weight range. These results indicate that the diets containing Sucrafeed 1 were' highly acceptable to the pigs, had no deleterious effects and resulted in substantial liveweight gains.

TABLE V. Growth performance of pigs fed diets containing 0, 15 or 30% Sucrafeed 1.

Level of Sucrafeed 1 in diet(%) SEM Parameter 0 15 Liveweight gain 802 797 790 9.00 Feed intake (kg/d) 2.33 2.31 2.36 .03 Feed conversion* 2.91 2.90 2.94 .01 Kg feed/kg liveweight gain.

_I_

WO 89/01295 PCT/AU88/00317 9 The carcass characteristics of pigs fed the dietary treatments are presented in Table VI. There was a small (non-significant) reduction in the dressing percentage of the carcasses of pigs fed Sucrafeed. This was due to the higher levels of fibre in the diet of the pigs fed Sucrafeed 1, resulting in a greater weight of the gastrointestinal tract.

TABLE VI. Carcass characteristics of pigs fed diets containing varying levels of Sucrafeed 1.

Level of Sucrafeed 1 in diet(%) SEM Parameter 0 15 Dressing percentage 75.1 74.1 Backfat thickness (mm) 17.9 16.5 Eye muscle area (cm 2 47.8 48.0 54.2 Proportion of individual fatty acids in Myristic 2.2 2.8 Palmitic 24.6 21.8 Palmitoleic 2.1 2.2 Stearic 13.9 12.1 Oleic 45.2 48.2 Linoleic 11.9 12.7 Cholesterol 94.5 78.7 (mg/100g fatty tissue) 73.1 14.8 2.30 backfat 2.9 24.9 2.5 14.8 43.1 11.9 61.7 0.35 0.25 0.36 1.32 0.42 0.31 2.00 0.32 14.6 Backfat Sucrafeed 1, pigs fed 30% thickness was significantly less in pigs fed the lowest thickness being recorded for the of Sucrafeed 1 (Table VI). The eye muscle area of only 5 pigs on each treatment were measured.

Nevertheless, there was a significant linear relationship between level of Sucrafeed 1 and eye muscle area.

Although the muscle of pigs contains relatively low levels of fat (due to the lack of marbling as seen in beef), the lower amount of backfat thickness and the greater eye muscle area are significant findings and should be

I

WO 89/01295 PCT/AU88/00317 exploitable as selling points. The pig industry is attempting to reduce the fat cover of pigs and increase eye muscle, both by nutritional and genetic means, Sucrafeed 1 can be utilised on this basis as a valuable feed ingredient.

Cholesterol levels in the fatty tissues were measured in 15 pigs only. There are obvious and exciting differences in the mean values and there is a substantial reduction in the cholesterol levels as the level of Sucrafeed 1 was increased from 0 to 15% to There was no change in the fatty acid composition of the depot fats in the pigs.

SUMMARY

1. The digestible energy content for growing pigs of Sucrafeed 1 was found to be 11.5 0.2 MJ DE/kg DM. The digestibility of the extract was 0.69 2. Diets containing up to 30% of the Sucrafeed 1 can be easily pelletized and are very acceptable to young pigs.

3. The sugar cane extract does not appear to contain any anti-nutritive factors which alter feed intake, growth or any other aspect of performance.

4. Although the fibre content of the experimental diet containing 30% of the extract was higher than considered optimal for growing pigs, the substitution of 30% of Sucrafeed 1 had no adverse effects on food intake and growth rate.

The highest rate of Sucrafeed 1 inclusion resulted in significantly less backfat than the controls inclusion). There was a significant positive relationship between the dietary level of Sucrafeed 1 and eye muscle area; when more Sucrafeed 1 was fed the eye muscle area was greater. These two results highlight the positive benefits of including Sucrafeed 1 in diets for pigs.

6. There were marked differences in cholesterol levels WO 89/01295 PCT/AU88/003.17 11 in the fatty tissues.

7. The fatty acid composition of the backfat of the pigs was not affected by including Sucrafeed I in the diets.

EVALUATION OF ANIMAL FEED CHICKENS Four experiments with chickens were conducted.

Experiments 3 and 4 were conducted between October and December 1986 at the University of Queensland's Veterinary Science Farm at Pinjarra Hills. Experiment 3 was a growth trial undertaken using meat-type chickens from four to eight weeks of age. Experiment 4 was undertaken using adult cockerels to determine metabolising energy of SucrAfeed 1 and of prepared diets. Experiments 5 and 6 were undertaken at the University of New England in Armidale. Experiment 5 was a growth trial undertaken using 6 week old crossbred cockerels and Experiment 6 was an egg laying trial undertaken using old hens and pullets.

EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS EXPERIMENT 3 Diets Four diets were formulated to contain 0, 10, 20 and of Sucrafeed 1 on an iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous basis. An attempt was also made to obtain similar essential amino acid profiles.

Significant compensation was required for the low protein level in Sucrafeed 1 (approximately This meant an increase in protein supplements such as soyabean meal and fishmeal. Further, because of the lower ME value of Sucrafeed 1 than of the grains used, and because of the need for increased inclusion of low energy protein supplements, it was necessary to add extra oil to diets containing Sucrafeed 1 to adjust the ME value.

the diets are shown in Table IV. Because of the low density of Sucrafeed 1 and the problems experienced in the ME study, diets B, C and D were pelleted.

I II- WO 89/01295 PCT/AU88/00317 12 Experimental Birds Chickens from two lines selected for five generations for either high or low abdominal fat were used in the study. The lines were originally derived from a commercial broiler line. Birds were individually identified with wingbands.

TABLE VII. Composition and analysis of diets given to chickens in the growth experiment from 4 to 8 weeks of age.

Ingredient Inclusion level (g/kg) diet A B C D Wheat 500 395 295 170 Sorghum 180 150 100 Sucrafeed 1 100 200 300 Meat meal 100 100 100 100 Soyabean meal 145 160 180 200 Fishmeal 30 40 50 Oil 30 40 60 Methionine 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.3 Salt 2.5 2.5 2.5 Vit./min. premix 3.0 3.0 3.0 Celite 8.5 8.5 8.5 Coccidiostat 1.0 1.0 1.0 Analysis ME* MJ/kg 13.3 13.1 12.9 13.0 ME** MJ/kg 12.8 13.1 13.5 13.2 C* Protein 21.5 21.5 21.5 21.3 Protein 23.3 23.1 23.8 24.1 Calculated Analysed The birds were reared in intermingled groups to 4 weeks of age in battery brooders and were given a typical commercial broiler starter diet containing 13.0 MJ ME and 230g crude protein (CP)/kg. The diet was in mash form.

WO 89/01295 PCT/AU88/00317 13 Experimental Cages and Management At four weeks of age the birds were transferred to individual cages each with a separate feeder. Twenty birds from each line were given one of the four diets and allowed food ad lib for the 28 day experimental period.

Birds were individually weighed at 4 and at 8 weeks of age when the experiment was terminated. Individual food consumption over the period was measured and food conversion efficiency was calculated. Following overnight withdrawal of feed, the birds were processed and abdominal fat was removed and weighed.

Results Growth, Food Intake and Food Conversion Efficiency TABLE VIII. The effect of diet upon weight gain, food consumption and food conversion efficiency.

Least square means Standard err.o Diet Weight gain Food Consumption Food conversion ratio

(FCR)

A 982 21 2378 39 2.44 .03 B 991 20 2370 37 2.41 .03 C 974 20 2370 37 2.45 .02 D 979 20 2385 38 2.46 .03 As shown in Table VIII, there was no effect of diet upon weight gain, food consumption or FCR. In fact, the means are remarkably similar indicating that provided energy and protein are adjusted to compensate for the values in Sucrafeed 1, there are no antinutritional factors in this material which would prevent its inclusion in meat chicken diets up to 30% of the diet.

Abdominal Fat The result of the abdominal fat measurements are shown in Table IX. There was a lower level of abdominal fat in the chickens fed Sucrafeed 1. This was significant at the 90% level using an orthogonal contrast method of analysis.

-ra l WO 89/01295 PCT/AU88/00317 14 TABLE IX. The effect of diet, upon the proportion of abdominal at in the carcasses of birds given diets containing different levels of Sucrafeed 1.

Least square means Standard error Diet Abdominal fat (g/kg) A 24.1 1.3 B 21.9 1.2 C 20.8 1.2 D 22.0 1.2 EXPERIMENT 4 Adult cockerels were used to determine ME in the four diets used in the growth experiment. The study was undertaken to firstly determine ME of the four diets and secondly to provide an estimate of the ME of Sucrafeed 1.

The latter estimate was unlikely to be precise since there were a number of differences in ingredient composition between the diets.

Twelve adult cockerels were used, with each diet allocated to three cockerels. The testing procedures used in the first ME study were again applied in this experiment.

Results ME's calculated in the four diets were: A 12.8; B 13.1; C 13.5 and D 13.2.

As shown in Table VII, these values are in reasonable agreement with the estimated values assuming a value of 9.0 MJ/kg for Sucrafeed 1. However, whilst not conforming to a close linear fit, there is a tendency for the diets containing higher levels of Sucrafeed 1 to have higher ME. Using regression analysis this yields an estimate of ME for Sucrafeed 1 of 11.5 MJ/kg, a value in keeping with data being collected from other species.

r jj j jjj j jj j jjjjk WO 89/01295 15 PCT/AU88/90317 In conclusion it is important to note, as shown in Table VIII, there was no difference in the growth rate, or food conversion efficiency or food consumption of the birds on the different diets containing various amounts of Sucrafeed 1.

EXPERIMENT Birds Diets Time Recordings TABLE X. Bo Sucrafeed fed to crossbred cockerels 6 weeks old crossbred cockerels 850 gm 4 birds per cage, 3 cages per treatment a) Control complete b) Choice fed protein concentrate plus Sucrafeed 1 separate containers 3 periods of 1 week each a) Weekly body weight increases b) Weekly feed intakes dy weight gain in grams Week 1 2 3 Sucrafeed 1 Replicate Control Replicate 1 2 3 Average 1 2 3 Average 524 415 480 473 670 701 688 686 998 884 794 794 895 668 688 750 688 761 693 714 755 405* 919 693 One bird sick with Marek's disease.

Elk -a WO 89/01295 TABLE XI. Food conversion.

PCT/AU88/00317 16 Week 1 2 3 Sucrafeed 1 Replicate Control Replicate 5.6 6.75 5.91 3.66 3.49 3.59 3.54 3.91 3.82 3.44 4.59 4.75 5.35 4 .77 4.67 4.05 7.12* 3.44 One bird sick with Marek's Disease.

TABLE XII. Final weights.

Bodyweight (Kg) Fat Pad (gm) Sucrafeed 1 Replicate Control Replicate 1.423 1.360 1.300 1.520 1.240 1.431 4.9 5.7 3.7 11.8 13.0 13.3 It can be seen that the birds fed Sucrafeed 1 had significantly lower fat pad weights than the birds fed the control diet.

EXPERIMENT 6 LAYING TRIALS 1. Old Hens choice fed protein concentrate and whole wheat or Sucrafeed 1 with 3 hens per treatment.

Results were as shown in Table XIII.

1 I 11 WO 89/01295 PC/AU88/00317 17 Q TABLE XIII Egg production Diet July August September Total Wheat 1 19 26 14 ;o Sucrafeed 1 2. Pullets same diets 4 pullets per treatment.

Results were as shown in Table XIV.

TABLE XIV Egg production Diet July August September Total Wheat 1 0 2 20 22 2 10 28 26 64 3 18 28 28 64 4 11 30 22 63 Sucrafeed 1 1 11 27 29 67 2 10 27 30 64 3 11 23 30 64 4 11 30 28 69 The lipid and cholesterol content of the pullet eggs were determined and the results were as indicated in Table XV.

i i i WO 89/01295 S18 TABLE XV. Analysis of pullet eggs.

PCT/AU88/00317 Wheat diet Sucrafeed 1 Diet

LIPIDS

Aug. 87 Sept. 87 Oct. 87 Nov. 87 9.3% 10.7% 10.3% 10.2% 8.2% 9.6% 10.1% 9.8% CHOLESTEROL (total egg) Aug. 87 401 MG/100g Sept. 87 496 MG/100g 369 MG/100g 436 MG/100g It can be seen that egg production was increased with the hens and pullets fed Sucrafeed 1 and that the lipid and cholesterol contents of the eggs produced by these birds were lower.

I -IIUY-I~-.II--C' i i WO 89/01295 PCT/AU88/00317 -19 PREPARATION OF HUMAN FOODSTUFFS Bread was prepared for human consumption using the ingredient as TABLE XVI shown in Table XVI.

1.

Standard Cereal (g) 2.

2% Cane Flour+ Oat Bran (g) 3.

4% Cane Flour+ Oat Bran (9) 4.

Standard 90/10 Meal (g) 2% Cane Flour+ 90/10 Meal (g) B.B. Flour Oat Bran Wheat Bran Granary Salt Caster Sugar "Cane Flour" Gluten BFIO Bread Improver MM Shortening 667.2 100.1 59.3 26.7 16.7 16.7 13.3 11.3 8.0 667.2 100.1 59.3 26.7 16.7 16.7 13.3 11.3 8.0 667.2 100.1 59.3 26.7 16.7 33.4 13.3 11.3 8.0 735.8 117.7 16.9 8.8 11.8 8.8 735.8 117.7 16.9 18.0 8.8 11.8 8.8 Total 919.3 919.3 936.0 899.8 917.8 Yeast Water Mixing Time Mixing Temp.

In Proover Out Proover 36.0 520.0 7.5 30.0 9.00 10.05 36.0 520.0 7.25 30.5 9.35 10.35 60.0 breads mixed 36.0 530.0 7.75 31.0 10.16 11.23 67.0 like a 36.0 36.0 580.0 590.0 9.0 31.0 30.0 10.55 11.35 12.00 12.32 65.0 57.0 standard bread to above is the Proof Time(min) 65.0 All of the above and rose well. The "cane flour" referred Sucrafeed 1 material finely groun" and passed through a 100 micron sieve.

4 ,w

I!.

Claims (9)

1. A method for lowering the cholesterol and/or body fat content of animals comprising the step of feeding to the animals an effective amount of parenchyma cell wall of sugar cane.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the feed rations of the animals are substantially free of fibrous sclerenchyma cells derived from sugar cane.

3. A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the feed rations of the animals contain parenchyma cell walls of sugar cane together with an amount of free sugar at least equal to that naturally present in the parenchyma cells from which the cell wall is obtained.

4. A method as claimed in claim 3 in which the feed ration of the animal contains dried whole parenchyma cells together with the dried natural contents of those cells.

A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the parenchyma cell wall material constitutes from 1 to 30% by weight of the feed ration.

6. A method as claimed in claim 1 in which the animals are selected from'the group comprising avian species and monogastric mammals.

7. A method as claimed in claim 6 in which the animals are selected from the group comprising humans, pigs and chickens.

An animal food forL lowerin M cth l body fat levels of animals containing an effecti eamount of parenchyma cell wall of sugar cane.

9. An animal food as claimed in clj- 8 in which the animal food is substantially fr of fibrous sclerenchyma cells from sugar cane. An animal food claimed in claim 8 in which the animal food co tains parenchyma cell wall together with an amount of ree sugar at least equal to that naturally pmrent in the parenchyma cells from which the cell wall INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT International Application No PCT/AU 88/00317 1. CLASSIFICATION OF SUBJECT MATTER (it several clossirication symbolit apply. indicate all) According to International Patent Claosilfceilon (IPC) or to both National Classincation and WPC Int. Cl. 4 A23K 1/14, A61K 35/78 1I, FIELDS SEAPCHED Minimum Documentation SearchedI Classification System jClaslficaton Symbols IPC A23K 1/14 Documentation Saerched other than Minimum Documentation to the Extent that such Documents are included In the Flelds SearchedI AU IPC as above, Australian Classification 87.11 Ill. DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO ME RELEVANT' Category C~tatIon of Document."1 witht IndIcation. where appropriate. of the relevant Uasg.' Relevant to Claim No. $31 X,Y AU,B, 61724/86 (568460) (O'SULLIVAN, (8-14) March 1987 (05.03.87) A AU,B. 46077/72 (472893) (YOSIAKI KIMURA) (8-14) 7 March 1974 (07.03.74) A AU,B, 20637/56 (217107) (TEMPLE, WIGGINS, (8-14) 14 February 1957 (14.02.57) A,Y GB,A;329766 (CANADIAN CANE EQUIPMENT LTD) (8-14) I 12 September 1973 (12.09.73) Spectal categorles of cited documents: 14 -T later document publish"d after the International filing date docuentdefiingthe eneal tate.4 he at w~ch s nt o priority date end not In conflIct with the applicatloo; but ocuentd~flj" he eneal sateof he rt wichle ot cited to understand the principle or theory underiylntV the considered to be of particular relevance Invention 11 rlldc&c ut ublishhed on of:tlteitralni X* oueto at.ua olvn the cladInvet rvk scfo o eason th uiaindt faohr *1dcmn fpriua ~os the claimed Invention dewe efr~ oal e dIsclosure. use, eshitton or document Is combined with one or more other such docu. 's ourvpulse t to the International filing dale but In the art.ovost Lesns~e Dateof te AtualComlailn oftheIntenatonalSeach Dis o Malingof his nta Searchll$* Reportor 2 NovembLer 1988 (02.11.88) 24 Noverobc-( lq156(24JI b.) AutainPatent Office J.P. PLIET Farm PCTIISA12I0 (second sheet) (January, 1965 I I inlrnational Applicatidn No. PCT/AU 8/00317 FURTHER INFORMATION CONTINUED FROM THE SECOND SHEET I VQ~ OBSERVATIONS WHERE CERTAIN CLAIMS WERE FOUND UNSEARCHABLE I This International search report has not been established in respect Of certain claims 'inder Article 27Cn for the following reasons-. I Claim numbers1.-Z7i1 5 because they relate to subject matter not required to be searched by this Authority, namely: 1-7. Methods for treatment of the human or animal body by therapy. Plant or animal varieties, or essentially biological processes for the production of plants or animals, other than microbiological processes and the products of such processes. because they reid.e to parts of the International application that do not comply with the pescribed require- ments to such an extent that no meanngful international search can be Qarrikd out. specficaly: 3E] Claim numnberz_..... beause uny wre dependent cialm n r not drafted In bo dance With the second and ti*d SOntM ce M o PCT Rule 6.4(s). VLQ ONSERVATIONS WHERE UNITY OF INVENTION IS LACKING I Tis Internalional Searching Authority found multiple Inventions In tWte International application as Wolows: 141Ac aNl required additional search fees were timely pa&d by the appicant. this international search report covers all searchable clms of the International application. As only come of the required additional search fees were timely peid by the applicant, this Interailonal search report covers only those claim@ of the international application for which fees were paid. specifically claims: 3.oH required additional search fees were timely paid by the applicant. Consquentily. this International search report Is restricied to the Invention first mentioned In the claims. It is covered by claim numbers: As all searchable claims could be searched without sffort Jusifying an additionul fee, the International Searching Authority did not invit payment of any additional lee. Remert on Protest fl The additional search lees were accompanied by aplicant's protest. QC No protest accompanied the psyment of additional &earch lees. Form PCT11SA1210 (supplemental sheet 1.1snuary 1965) i ANNEX TO THE INTERNATIONAL SEARCH REPORT ON INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION NO. PCT/AU 88/00317 This Annex lists the known publication level patent family members relating to the patent documents cited in the above-mentioned international search report. The Australian Patent Office is in no way liable for these particulars which are merely given for the purpose of information. Patent Document Cited in Search Patent Family Members Report AU 61724/86 BR 8604189 CN 86106230 EP 213605 JP 62083851 ZA 8606468 AR 202087 AU 46077/72 BR 7205943 DE 2242410 DK 4062/79 GB 1395311 IT 986019 JP 48032653 NL 7211834 JP 48032654 PH 11918 US 4011806 JP 4803:655 FR 2150948 JP 48032658 ZA 7205819 JP 48032656 US 3903307 GB 1329766 CA 1021624 US 3721567 US 3796809 END OF ANNEX *23/135/1