AU633443B2 - Apparatus for the utilization of solar energy with solar cells - Google Patents
Apparatus for the utilization of solar energy with solar cells Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU633443B2 AU633443B2 AU80187/91A AU8018791A AU633443B2 AU 633443 B2 AU633443 B2 AU 633443B2 AU 80187/91 A AU80187/91 A AU 80187/91A AU 8018791 A AU8018791 A AU 8018791A AU 633443 B2 AU633443 B2 AU 633443B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- supporting structure
- laminate
- solar
- solar cells
- solar cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010616 electrical installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003678 scratch resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/30—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules comprising thin-film photovoltaic cells
- H10F19/31—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules comprising thin-film photovoltaic cells having multiple laterally adjacent thin-film photovoltaic cells deposited on the same substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
- F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
- F24S2025/601—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules by bonding, e.g. by using adhesives
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Landscapes
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a device for utilising solar energy with solar cells which have a supporting structure (11) and are electrically connected to one another and which also have an external connection for removing the electrical energy. A plurality of solar cells are parts of an edgeless solar cell laminate in which the solar cells are encapsulated side by side in a sheet-type or panel-type carrier. At least one side of the laminate which faces the sunlight is flat and transparent to light. The solar cell laminate lies in the supporting structure (11), which consists of two covering layers (8, 9) and a supporting foam layer (7) and which also forms a circumferential recessed edge. At the edge, the laminate is flush with the upper side of the supporting structure. The edge is of corrugated construction between two parallel edge sections in order to support the solar cell laminate on more highly placed sections and, together with the lower-lying sections, channels (10) serve to convey a coolant and receive energy-conveying means. <IMAGE>
Description
633b S Ref: 183265 S Ref: 183265
AUSTRALIA
PATENTS ACT 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR A STANDARD PATENT
ORIGINAL
Name and Address of Applicant: Schottel-Werft Josef Becker 5401 Spay Bundesrepublik FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY GmbH Co. KG Actual Inventor(s): Address for Service: Inventi n Title: Andreas Naujeck and Stephan Schneider Spruson Ferguson, Patent Attorneys Level 33 St Martins Tower, 31 Market Street Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia Apparatus for the Utilization of Solar Energy with Solar Cells The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us:- 5845/3 I~I9 APPARATUS FOR THE UTILIZATION OF SOLAR ENERGY WITH SOLAR CELLS The invention relates to an apparatus for utilizing the energy of the sun, and more particularly to an arrangement of solar cells on a supporting structure.
It is an object of the invention to provide a particularly appropriate refinement of the arrangement of solar cells on a supporting structure, which is to be highly permanent and extremely light and which preferably can be integrated into the upper deck of a water vessel. The arrangement of the solar cells to obtain I0 energy should be accomplished in as simple a manner as possible, in order to keep the price of the arrangement within acceptable limits. The arrangement should be accomplished with few components, which have little tendency to break down. As a further main objective, the arrangement of solar cells should be of as low a weight as possible, so that the arrangement can be used universally beyond the particular application set forth herein.
In order to come as close as possible to accomplishing the objective of the invention, the invention provides for the use of frameless, enclosed solar cells, so-called solar laminates, on a supporting structure preferably capable of accommodating a plurality of such solar laminates. Moreover, the invention involves thG fixation of this plurality of solar laminates on the upper side of the supporting structure, such as by means of a transparent film, which is stretched smoothly over the solar laminates and fastened to the edges of the supporting structure.
The invention is explained in greater detail by means of the drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a side view of a ship, which is equipped according to the invention, Figure 2 is a perspective view of a solar laminate, as used according to the invention, and Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view, through one of the two roof parts of the ship of Fig. 1, of an arrangement of solar cells which, according to the invention, are covered with solar laminates.
The upper sides of the foredeck 1 and of the roof 2 of an appropriately constructed ship or boat 3 are covered with enclosed solar cells. These solar cells are constructed as solar laminates, that is, as solar modules without an encompassing frame.
Several solar cells 4 are enclosed in a particular pattern, preferably in one row, but possibly in several rows, which cross one another or are disposed next to one another or behind one another in a transparent film strip 5, or in an appropriate thin panel, that is, they are enclosed by this film or panel. The film strip 5, or the panel, which encloses the solar cells 4, can consist of two superimposed individual strips or panels, which are connected with one another two-dimensionally and between which the solar cells 4 are held. The strip or plate, which in the installed state faces the radiation of the sun, is transparent, while the other strip or the other plate can be of the same material or 3 optionally of a different, possibly opaque, material. The solar cells of such a "solar laminate" 4, 5 are connected electrically with one another and have a common current discharge 6. Usually, such a solar laminate is surrounded by a trimming ledge. However, frameless laminates, that is, laminates without a trimming ledge, are also used in conjunction with the invention. A plurality of such solar laminates are disposed in groups of rows and connected electrically with one another on the roof as well as on the foredeck.
3J The foredeck 1 and/or the roof 2 may be constructed as the supporting structure, which accommodates the enclosed solar cells. The roof or foredeck is of a so-called sandwich construction. The upper and lower covering panels, fiber mats, of this sandwich construction are spaced from one each other by a rigid foam and are reinforced with respect to each other by the rigid foam connected over the whole of its surfaces with the upper and lower covering panel.
According to the invention, the prepared rigid foam 7, which is appropriately contoured, preferably by cutting, is placed between the two mats 8, 9. The rigid foam has through holes which extend between its two surfaces perpendicularly to the plane of the mats. A synthetic resin is applied in the flowable state on the external side of one mat and a vacuum is applied on the external side of the other mat, so that the synthetic resin is aspirated through the first-mentioned mat, the through holes 10 and the second-mentioned mat. As a result, on solidifying, the 4 synthetic resin forms a composite from the two mats 8, 9 and the rigid foam 7 with extremely smooth solid surfaces. Sandwich constructions, so produced, are known and therefore need not be explained in greater detail. The upper covering panel of the sandwich construction is not flat, but has an undulating profile in order to provide both support and back ventilation of the solar cells. At the same time, the channels 11 (wave troughs) formed by the profiling serve to accommodate the electrical installation and cabling. Preferably, the wave troughs taper toward the inside.
Due to the profiling of the upper covering plate or mat, vary high strength is achieved in the longitudinal direction, strength is attained in the transverse direction due to the joining of the upper and lower covering panels or mats 8, 9 with the interposed rigid foam 7. The construction of the supporting body tor accommodating the enclosed solar cells 4, 5 is self-supporting and requires no supporting construction.
The supporting body with the lower covering panel 9 and the profiled upper covering panel 8, as well as the interposed rigid foam are manufactured in one step, so that an economic continuous production is possible.
Each of the solar cell laminates rests at its perimeter on the recessed edge 12 of the supporting body. The recess corresponds to the thickness of the solar cell laminates, so that the solar cell laminates and the supporting body surrounding these lie in a horizontal plane, which, if necessary, is slightly arched.
The enclosed solar cells are fixed in position with a film 13, which is passed smoothly, without bubbles and folds and appropriately stretched over the solar laminates and the edges of the supporting body and is glued on with a water-soluble adhesive.
An appropriately dimensioned film, which may be assembled from individual sheets, can fix in position all of the solar cell laminates of the foredeck or roof with respect to the supporting body, or the solar cell laminates can be combined into several groups, the solar cell laminates of each group being fixed in position by a film. The number of solar cells combined in a laminate 4, 5 depends on the circumstances. Under some circumstances, a solar cell laminate may also enclose only one cell.
The film to be used is a conventional commercial film of high strength and high transparency, and is extremely resistant to UV light and scratch-resistant. Before it is applied, the film is coated on one side with a water-soluble adhesive. If the film is completely free of bubbles and mounted flat on the corresponding solar laminates by adhesion, there will be no losses due to reflections and the losses, as a whole, will be so small, that the efficiency of the solar cell laminates is adversely affected by the film to the least possible extent, if at all. Before the film is applied, the parts coming into contact with it are moistened, so that the adhesive becomes effective.
Overall, the invention is concerned with an arrangement which consists of a few, operationally reliable and inexpensive parts, which can be assembled with little effort, and which is operationally reliable over a long period. Should a solar cell laminate become defective, it can be repaired or exchanged. Occasionally, it is also possible to make such a repair or exchange by only partially removing the film. After that, the arrangement can be made again in an equally simple manner. The film is believed to be the optimum, but not the only means, for preventing the laminates from lifting upwards off the supporting structure.
In order to avoid distortions and to compensate for possible dimensional deviations, sponge rubber strips 14 and the like are placed between the solar laminates and the supporting structure. Moreover, these sponge rubber strips, especially those between the solar cell laminates and the edge of the supporting structure, prevent the penetration of moisture between the solar lafminates and the supporting structure. For this purpose, the gaps are also filled with a permanently elastic sealing material such as a silicone rubber.
The foamed supporting body 7 may be in one or several pieces.
Claims (15)
1. An apparatus for utilizing solar energy with solar cells, which are arranged on, a supporting structure and are connected electrically to one another and have an external connection for discharging the electrical energy, characterized in that several solar cells are parts of a frameless solar cell element, in which the solar cells are enclosed next to one another between film or panels, at least one side of which, which faces the sunlight, is flat and transparent, and that this solar cell laminate lies on a supporting structure, which comprises two covering layers and a supporting foam layer, formed with a recessed circumferential edge, on which the laminate lies flush with the upper side of the supporting structure, and which is constructed in undulating fashion between two parallel edges of the supporting structure, in order to support the solar cell laminate on the higher sections and to provide, with the lower sections, ducts for conducting coolant as well as for accommodating electrical conductors.
2. The apparatus of claim i, characterized in that the 'te is firmly connected to the supporting structure.
3. The apparatus of claim i, characterized in that s.ieral minates next to one another are arranged on a common Pupporting structure.
4. The apparatus of claim 2, characterized in that the connection between the solar cell laminate and the supporting 8 structure is accomplished with a transparent, nondistending, resistant film which lies firmly stretched and without folds and bubbles on the upper side of the supporting structure and on the laminate.
The apparatus of claim 3, characterized in that the film is glued to the laminate and the supporting structure.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, characterized in that the film is glued with a water-soluble adhesive.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that the laminate is supported by means of a resiliant, interposed layer on the supporting structure.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, characterized in that the interposed layer consists of sponge rubber strips.
9. The apparatus of 1, characterized in that a gap between the solar cell laminate and the supporting structure is sealed with a permanently elastic composition such as a silicone rubber or an artificial rubber.
The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that the undulations are essentially rectangular.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, characterized in that the corners of the undulations are rounded off and that the wave troughs are tapered toward the base.
12. The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that the assembly consisting of the laminate and the supporting structure is a horizontal, flat, optionally slightly arched surface of a ship which is exposed to solar radiation.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, characterized in that the surface is a passable deck surface.
14. The apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that the supporting structure consists of twc staple fiber mats, between which the prefabricated and prepared foam profiles are inserted, which enclose connecting ducts between the upper side and the lower sides that run perpendicularly to the planes of the mats, and which are connected with the mats by means of a synthetic resin, which was applied in the flowable state to the outside of the one mat and aspirated by a vacuum method through this mat, through the connecting ducts and through the second mat and thereafter caused to cure, so that the two upper sides of the supporting structure consist of resin-impregnated staple fiber mats of particular smoothness,
15. An apparatus for utilizing solar energy with solar cells substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings. DATED this SECOND day of JULY 1991 Schottel-Werft Josef Becker GmbH Co. KG Patent Attorneys for the Applicant SPRUSON FERGUSON
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4021339A DE4021339A1 (en) | 1990-07-04 | 1990-07-04 | DEVICE FOR THE USE OF SOLAR ENERGY WITH SOLAR CELLS |
| DE4021339 | 1990-07-04 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU8018791A AU8018791A (en) | 1992-01-09 |
| AU633443B2 true AU633443B2 (en) | 1993-01-28 |
Family
ID=6409666
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU80187/91A Ceased AU633443B2 (en) | 1990-07-04 | 1991-07-03 | Apparatus for the utilization of solar energy with solar cells |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0464738B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH077170A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR920003563A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1026818C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE120034T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU633443B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9102743A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2045984A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4021339A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI913224A7 (en) |
| HU (1) | HU209222B (en) |
| IL (1) | IL98573A0 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO912609L (en) |
| PL (1) | PL290910A1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT98196A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA915139B (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19509430A1 (en) * | 1995-03-16 | 1996-09-19 | Dietmar Schubert | Cooling device of photovoltaic module simultaneously converting solar energy into heat and current |
| JP3206467B2 (en) * | 1996-12-25 | 2001-09-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Coolant sealing structure for solar cells |
| KR20020011392A (en) | 1999-04-28 | 2002-02-08 | 메리 이. 보울러 | Flexible Organic Electronic Device with Improved Resistance to Oxygen and Moisture Degradation |
| AUPR403901A0 (en) | 2001-03-28 | 2001-04-26 | Solar Systems Pty Ltd | Solar tracking system |
| AUPR403701A0 (en) | 2001-03-28 | 2001-04-26 | Solar Systems Pty Ltd | A method of manufacturing mirrors for a dish reflector |
| AUPR403801A0 (en) | 2001-03-28 | 2001-04-26 | Solar Systems Pty Ltd | System for generating electrical power from solar radiation |
| DE202006008377U1 (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2007-10-04 | Boots- Und Schiffswerft Cuxhaven Gmbh | Solar lift |
| JP5159770B2 (en) * | 2007-05-14 | 2013-03-13 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Solar cell module device |
| US8513514B2 (en) | 2008-10-24 | 2013-08-20 | Suncore Photovoltaics, Inc. | Solar tracking for terrestrial solar arrays with variable start and stop positions |
| US8507837B2 (en) | 2008-10-24 | 2013-08-13 | Suncore Photovoltaics, Inc. | Techniques for monitoring solar array performance and applications thereof |
| DE102009048000A1 (en) * | 2009-10-01 | 2011-09-15 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Composite made of open-cell rigid foam |
| CN102518565B (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2016-02-17 | 洛阳双瑞风电叶片有限公司 | A kind of can the MW class wind turbine group blade of photovoltaic generation and method for making |
| EP2993782A1 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2016-03-09 | Novosol GmbH & Co. KG | Solar panel |
| WO2016034737A1 (en) | 2014-09-05 | 2016-03-10 | Novosol Gmbh & Co. Kg | Solar collector |
| SE540502C2 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2018-09-25 | Soltech Energy Sweden Ab | Solar cell module |
| DE102016113092A1 (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-01-18 | Mm Infra Gmbh & Co. Kg | Sound absorbing body for ships |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3982963A (en) * | 1974-08-05 | 1976-09-28 | Solar Power Corporation | Solar battery maintainer |
| DE2709741A1 (en) * | 1977-03-05 | 1978-09-07 | Licentia Gmbh | SOLAR CELL ARRANGEMENT FOR THE TERRESTRIAL AREA |
| FR2426337A1 (en) * | 1978-05-19 | 1979-12-14 | Comp Generale Electricite | SOLAR CELL PANEL AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
| DE3013037C2 (en) * | 1980-04-03 | 1985-09-12 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Terrestrial solar generator |
| DE8031957U1 (en) * | 1980-12-01 | 1981-07-30 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | SOLAR GENERATOR FOR SAILING BOATS, MOTOR YACHTS OR THE LIKE |
| DE3513910C2 (en) * | 1985-04-17 | 1994-08-25 | Siemens Ag | Solar panel |
| DE3538986C3 (en) * | 1985-11-02 | 1994-11-24 | Deutsche Aerospace | Method of manufacturing a solar generator |
| DE3611543A1 (en) * | 1986-04-05 | 1987-10-08 | Remscheid Volksbank | Solar module |
| DE3619306A1 (en) * | 1986-06-07 | 1987-12-10 | Telefunken Electronic Gmbh | Solar cell generator |
| DE3619521A1 (en) * | 1986-06-10 | 1987-12-17 | Telefunken Electronic Gmbh | Solar module |
| JPH065782B2 (en) * | 1986-06-19 | 1994-01-19 | 帝人株式会社 | Solar cell module |
| DE8709552U1 (en) * | 1986-07-28 | 1987-11-26 | INTERATOM GmbH, 5060 Bergisch Gladbach | Bracket for solar modules |
| DE3801090A1 (en) * | 1988-01-16 | 1988-06-01 | Brauneisen Heinrich Dipl Ing F | System for using the radiation incident on structural members (rooves, walls, paths and other metalled (paved) surfaces) |
| DE3831631A1 (en) * | 1988-09-17 | 1990-03-29 | Telefunken Systemtechnik | Solar cells with cooling device |
-
1990
- 1990-07-04 DE DE4021339A patent/DE4021339A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-06-19 HU HU912047A patent/HU209222B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-06-20 IL IL98573A patent/IL98573A0/en unknown
- 1991-06-28 CA CA002045984A patent/CA2045984A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-07-01 DE DE59104940T patent/DE59104940D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-07-01 BR BR919102743A patent/BR9102743A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-07-01 KR KR1019910011085A patent/KR920003563A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-07-01 EP EP91110860A patent/EP0464738B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-07-01 AT AT91110860T patent/ATE120034T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-07-02 JP JP3161674A patent/JPH077170A/en active Pending
- 1991-07-02 PL PL29091091A patent/PL290910A1/en unknown
- 1991-07-03 PT PT98196A patent/PT98196A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-07-03 CN CN91104480A patent/CN1026818C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-07-03 ZA ZA915139A patent/ZA915139B/en unknown
- 1991-07-03 AU AU80187/91A patent/AU633443B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-07-03 NO NO91912609A patent/NO912609L/en unknown
- 1991-07-03 FI FI913224A patent/FI913224A7/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HU912047D0 (en) | 1991-12-30 |
| DE4021339A1 (en) | 1992-01-09 |
| IL98573A0 (en) | 1992-07-15 |
| NO912609D0 (en) | 1991-07-03 |
| JPH077170A (en) | 1995-01-10 |
| HUT60571A (en) | 1992-09-28 |
| FI913224L (en) | 1992-01-05 |
| HU209222B (en) | 1994-03-28 |
| AU8018791A (en) | 1992-01-09 |
| DE59104940D1 (en) | 1995-04-20 |
| CA2045984A1 (en) | 1992-01-05 |
| FI913224A7 (en) | 1992-01-05 |
| ZA915139B (en) | 1992-05-27 |
| EP0464738A1 (en) | 1992-01-08 |
| PT98196A (en) | 1993-08-31 |
| PL290910A1 (en) | 1992-03-23 |
| EP0464738B1 (en) | 1995-03-15 |
| FI913224A0 (en) | 1991-07-03 |
| NO912609L (en) | 1992-01-06 |
| BR9102743A (en) | 1992-02-04 |
| KR920003563A (en) | 1992-02-29 |
| CN1057898A (en) | 1992-01-15 |
| ATE120034T1 (en) | 1995-04-15 |
| CN1026818C (en) | 1994-11-30 |
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