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AU647784B2 - Non surgical mulesing - Google Patents
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AU647784B2 - Non surgical mulesing - Google Patents

Non surgical mulesing Download PDF

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Publication number
AU647784B2
AU647784B2 AU73793/91A AU7379391A AU647784B2 AU 647784 B2 AU647784 B2 AU 647784B2 AU 73793/91 A AU73793/91 A AU 73793/91A AU 7379391 A AU7379391 A AU 7379391A AU 647784 B2 AU647784 B2 AU 647784B2
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Australia
Prior art keywords
chloride
cationic compound
concentration
skin
localities
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Ceased
Application number
AU73793/91A
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AU7379391A (en
Inventor
Ralph Edward Chapman
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Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
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Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
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Priority to AU73793/91A priority Critical patent/AU647784B2/en
Publication of AU7379391A publication Critical patent/AU7379391A/en
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Publication of AU647784B2 publication Critical patent/AU647784B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Description

647784 COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Patent Act 1952 r l m p T. r m R q P R r T F T C A T T O N
(ORIGINAL)
o o a o Class Int. Class Application Number Lodged o e Complete Specification Lodged Accepted Published o o B Priority: Related Art o i oL C 0 6 0 Name of Applicant Address of Applicant Actual Inventor Address for Service COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANISATION a body corporate established under the Science and Industry Research Act 1949, as amended, carrying on Scientific and Industrial Research, of Limestone Avenue, Campbell, Australian Capital Territory, Commonwealth of Australia RALPH EDWARD CHAPMAN F.B. RICE CO., Patent Attorneys, 28A Montague Street, BALMAIN. 2041.
4
I*
Complete Specification for the invention entitled: "Non-Surgical Mulesing" The following statement is a full description of this invention including the best method of performing it known to us:- 2 FIELD OF INVENTION This invention relates to the localised removal of skin from animals, and in particular to the non-surgical mulesing of sheep.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The desirability of reducing the incidence of blowfly strike on the breech of sheep has led to development of the Mules and related operations. These operations involve the surgical removal of skin from areas on the breech adjacent to the uro-genital opening of ewes, or the anus of castrated male sheep, or from the dorsal surface of the tail. The result of such removal is that during wound contracture and healing the existing bare areas on the breech and tail are stretched and permanently enlarged.
Although these operations provide effective lifelong protection against the ravages of repeated breech strike by blowflies the operation is traumatic. Animal welfare considerations have therefore encouraged attention toward non-surgical techniques.
In about 1940, L.L. Manchester described a non-surgical method whereby a caustic preparation was used to destroy wool-producing follicles in the treated area. Although it was later established that the caustic actually destroyed and removed the skin treated, thereby achieving a result similar to the mules operation, it was found that damage occurred from seepage of the caustic from the treated area.
Additionally there was an extended period of healing compared to the mules operation. Overall the operation was considered to be unnecessarily drastic and time-consuming particularly as a result similar to the mules operation was obtained.
In 1947 as a result of a comparative trial between the Manchester operation and the mules operation, it was concluded that the incidence ol fly strike was essentially the same for both operations. It was also found that the Manchester operation took longer to perform, healing took c
I
3 place over a longer period and a small mortality followed the operation.
In Proc. Aust. Soc. Animal Prod. 11, 189-192 (1976) Pratt and Hopkins disclosed the use of a number of cryogenic, i.rritant, fixative and protein denaturizing agents. Of these, the protein denaturizing agents were the only compounds found to be successful and included 40% phenol and a mixture of 20% phenol and 50% orthocresol. Application was by painting 15-30mi onto the relevant area. In discussing the effectiveness of these agents, the authors noted a number of disadvantages arising from the toxic and irritant properties of phenol and cresol, such as the need to take special precautions to prevent injury to human operators and increased toxicity to lambs resulting from excess absorption through intact skin.
In Wool Technology and Sheep Breeding, 23. 26-27 (1976) the same authors reported the successful use of a phenol emulsion which was applied to the relevant areas in an amount of 10-20ml using a roll-on dispenser. In this paper it is stated that the phenol rapidly penetrates the superficial layers of the skin, destroying cells and paralyzing nerve endings to produce an almost painless effect, whilst the germicidal nature of the phenol prevented infection in the healing t4ssue. Again it is noted that operators need to observe rigorous safety precautions.
Due to the potential health risk to human operators, the aforementioned chemical mulesing operations have not been widely used. The present inventor has recognized this disadvantage and has therefore sought to provide a non-surgical mulesing operation that is both safe in use and effective in reducing the incidence of fly strike in sheep.
This has been achieved by the identification of a range of agents that are effective for skin removal but are not as caustic and injurious to health as the prior art preparations.
cf
'IL
I,
4 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the dermal component of skin is a group of polyanionic substances, the glycosaminoglycans, which are part of the supporting extracellular matrix of the connective tissue. The present invention is based on the discovery that certain cationic compounds will complex with the anionic skin components to form full skin thickness eschars which are ultimately sloughed to leave linear scars similar to those resulting from the Mules operation.
Accordingly, in its broadest aspect this invention provides a non-surgical method for the removal from animals of fibre-producing skin at selected localities, which method comprises the treatment of such localities with a cationic compound so as to form hard, full skin thickness eschars at said localities.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Preferred groups of compounds for use in the present invention are halogenated quaternary ammonium compounds or are those represented by the formula: CH N+ 0 where R 1 and R 2 are alkyl having 8-10 carbon atoms.
These compounds may be used to treat the selected locality by topical application, using, for example, a brush or sponge, roll-on applicator or T-shaped applicator. These compounds may also be injected intradermally to the selected locality.
Compounds that have been found to be effective on intradermal injection include: cetylpyridinium chloride hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide methylbenzethonium chloride benzalkonium chloride 4 (Jo ii 5 Alcian Blue 8GX Compounds that have been found to be effective on topical application and intradermal injection include: Bardac LF 80 dioctyldimethylammonium chloride (Lonza) Bardac 2080 octyldecyldimethylammonium chloride (Lonza) Bardac 2280 didecyldimethylammonium chloride (Lonza) Quatramine 2-10/80 didecyldimethylammonium chloride (Harcros Industrial Chemicals) didecylmethylethylammonium chloride didecylmethylpropylammonium chloride didecylethylpropylammonium chloride Compounds that have been found to be effective on topical application include: nonyltrimethylammonium bromide tricapryl(trioctyl)methylammonium chloride trioctylpropylammonium bromide Adogen 464-trimethyl C 8
-C
10 quaternaryammonium chloride.
An effective compound on topical application and falling within the scope of the formula I is didecylmethylamine oxide.
A particularly preferred compound is didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride.
A suitable topical preparation will include the cationic compound in a concentration of not less than about 15% w/w in aqueous solution. Concentrations of up to about 25% w/w may be used. Preferably the preparation will include a dermal penetration promoter such as propylene glycol and the like.
This acts to assist the transport of the cationic compound to the anionic skin components. Glycerol may also be included to reduce the volatility of the preparation.
Thus, a typical preparation will comprise an aqueous solution of about 15-25% w/w cationic compound, 30-40% w/w glycerol and 5-20% w/w propylene glycol. In use up to about will be applied to a sheep, depending on its age and the size of the selected locality and length of wool on the k p 7- locality for treatment.
In addition to topical application, a treatment may comprise the intradermal injection of the cationic compound into the selected locality. For this treatment, an aqueous solution of cationic compound in a concentration as low as 2% w/w may be used.
Whilst the selected locality in a sheep may be crutched, this removal of wool prior to treatment is not required and is therefore a matter for individual husbandry practices.
To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method of the invention, a preparation comprising an aqueous solution of 24% w/w didecyldimethylammonium chloride, 6% w/w propyleneglycol and 32% w/w glycerol was applied topically to wool bearing skin adjacent to the bare areas on the breech of lambs, adult ewes or castrated male sheep.
It was found that within 6-7 days, hard, full skin thickness eschars developed which were sloughed within 3-4 weeks to reveal linear scars and enlarged bare areas comparable to those achieved by the mulesing operation.
In addition to a suitable mulesing procedure, this invention provides a means for "chemical" branding. For this procedure, an application of the cationic compound is made to the skin in a manner such that the resultant hard, full skin thickness eschars are formed into the required brand pattern.
Whilst this invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that numerous variations and modifications may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit or scope thereof as broadly described.
T Of A tlU' 4

Claims (14)

1. A non-surgical method for the removal from an animal of fibre-producing skin at selected localities, which method comprises the treatment of such localities with a cationic compound so as to form hard, full skin thickness eschars at said localities.
2. A method as in claim 1 wherein the cationic compound is a halogenated quaternary ammonium compound or is of the formula I: CH 3 N+ where R 1 and R 2 are alkyl having 8-10 carbon atoms.
3. A method as in claim 2 wherein the cationic compound is selected from the group consisting of: cetylpyridinium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, methylbenzethonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, Alcian Blue 8GX, dioctyldimethylammonium chloride, octyldecyldimethylammonium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, didecylmethylethylammonium chloride, didecylmethylpropylammonium chloride, didecylethylpropylammonium chloride, nonyltrimethylammonium bromide, tricapryl(trioctyl)methylammonium chloride, trioctylpropylammonium bromide, trimethyl C 8 -C 10 quaternary ammonium chloride.
4. A method as in claim 3 wherein the cationic compound is didecyldimethylammonium chloride.
5. A method as in claim 2 wherein the cationic compound is didecylmethylamine oxide.
6. A method as in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the treatment comprises the topical application of a solution of the cationic compound.
7. A method as in claim 6, wherein application is effected by using a brush or sponge, a roll-on applicator or a T-shaped applicator. 1 2 :4 8
8. A method as in claim 6 or claim 7 wherein the cationic compound is in aqueous solution in a concentration of from to 25% w/w.
9. A method as in claim 8 wherein the solution includes a dermal penetration enhancer.
A method as in claim 9 wherein the dermal penetration enhancer is propylene glycol in a concentration of from 5 to w/w.
11. A method as in any one of claims 6 to 10 wherein the solution includes glycerol in a concentration of from 30 to w/w.
12. A method as in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the treatment comprises the intradermal injection of an aqueous solution of the cationic compound in a concentration of at least 2% w/w.
13. A method as in any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein the animal is a sheep.
14. A method as in claim 13 wherein the sheep is a lamb, adult ewe or castrated male and the selected locality is the wool bearing skin adjacent to the bare areas on the breech. DATED this 22 day of March 1991 COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANISATION Patent Attorneys for the Applicant: F.B. RICE CO. v
AU73793/91A 1990-03-27 1991-03-25 Non surgical mulesing Ceased AU647784B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU73793/91A AU647784B2 (en) 1990-03-27 1991-03-25 Non surgical mulesing

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPJ9302 1990-03-27
AUPJ930290 1990-03-27
AU73793/91A AU647784B2 (en) 1990-03-27 1991-03-25 Non surgical mulesing

Publications (2)

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AU7379391A AU7379391A (en) 1991-10-03
AU647784B2 true AU647784B2 (en) 1994-03-31

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006096913A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2006-09-21 Animal Ethics Pty Ltd A topical anaesthetic composition
WO2007062462A1 (en) * 2005-11-29 2007-06-07 Australian Wool Innovation Limited Method for administering a skin necrosis composition to an animal
AU2006287247B8 (en) * 2005-11-29 2007-06-14 Australian Wool Innovation Limited Method for administering a composition to an animal

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006096913A1 (en) 2005-03-15 2006-09-21 Animal Ethics Pty Ltd A topical anaesthetic composition
WO2007062462A1 (en) * 2005-11-29 2007-06-07 Australian Wool Innovation Limited Method for administering a skin necrosis composition to an animal
AU2006287247B8 (en) * 2005-11-29 2007-06-14 Australian Wool Innovation Limited Method for administering a composition to an animal
AU2006287247B2 (en) * 2005-11-29 2007-08-09 Australian Wool Innovation Limited Method for administering a composition to an animal
AU2006287247C1 (en) * 2005-11-29 2008-08-21 Australian Wool Innovation Limited Method for administering a composition to an animal

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU7379391A (en) 1991-10-03

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