AU647784B2 - Non surgical mulesing - Google Patents
Non surgical mulesing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU647784B2 AU647784B2 AU73793/91A AU7379391A AU647784B2 AU 647784 B2 AU647784 B2 AU 647784B2 AU 73793/91 A AU73793/91 A AU 73793/91A AU 7379391 A AU7379391 A AU 7379391A AU 647784 B2 AU647784 B2 AU 647784B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- chloride
- cationic compound
- concentration
- skin
- localities
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical group CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 10
- RUPBZQFQVRMKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M Didecyldimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCC RUPBZQFQVRMKDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960004670 didecyldimethylammonium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 206010051814 Eschar Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 231100000333 eschar Toxicity 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 231100000223 dermal penetration Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- CKLBXIYTBHXJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-J 75881-23-1 Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cu+2].[N-]1C(N=C2C3=CC=C(CSC(N(C)C)=[N+](C)C)C=C3C(N=C3C4=CC=C(CSC(N(C)C)=[N+](C)C)C=C4C(=N4)[N-]3)=N2)=C(C=C(CSC(N(C)C)=[N+](C)C)C=C2)C2=C1N=C1C2=CC(CSC(N(C)C)=[N+](C)C)=CC=C2C4=N1 CKLBXIYTBHXJEH-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JMHWNJGXUIJPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(=O)O[SiH](CC=C)OC(C)=O Chemical compound CC(=O)O[SiH](CC=C)OC(C)=O JMHWNJGXUIJPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QWZLBLDNRUUYQI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methylbenzethonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC(C(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OCCOCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 QWZLBLDNRUUYQI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000686 benzalkonium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001927 cetylpyridinium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- YMKDRGPMQRFJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetylpyridinium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 YMKDRGPMQRFJGP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- SCXCDVTWABNWLW-UHFFFAOYSA-M decyl-dimethyl-octylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCC SCXCDVTWABNWLW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- GATZCJINVHTSTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N didecylmethylamine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)([O-])CCCCCCCCCC GATZCJINVHTSTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NQMRYBIKMRVZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylamine hydrochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[NH3+]C NQMRYBIKMRVZLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002285 methylbenzethonium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- SSEGNMJSEROZIF-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(nonyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C SSEGNMJSEROZIF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000003961 penetration enhancing agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019687 Lamb Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- PIVZYJMLIVYZJA-UHFFFAOYSA-M trioctyl(propyl)azanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCC[N+](CCC)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC PIVZYJMLIVYZJA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241001331845 Equus asinus x caballus Species 0.000 description 6
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229960004063 propylene glycol Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000032544 Cicatrix Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000283903 Ovis aries Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1O QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000037387 scars Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000257161 Calliphoridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000010834 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010037362 Extracellular Matrix Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002683 Glycosaminoglycan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000920471 Lucilia caesar Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010062575 Muscle contracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940027983 antiseptic and disinfectant quaternary ammonium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000436 anus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- -1 chloride didecylmethylpropylammonium chloride didecylethylpropylammonium chloride Compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002808 connective tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000006111 contracture Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002744 extracellular matrix Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000834 fixative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002070 germicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000171 higher toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003317 industrial substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000266 injurious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002085 irritant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000021 irritant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001640 nerve ending Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000472 traumatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
Description
647784 COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Patent Act 1952 r l m p T. r m R q P R r T F T C A T T O N
(ORIGINAL)
o o a o Class Int. Class Application Number Lodged o e Complete Specification Lodged Accepted Published o o B Priority: Related Art o i oL C 0 6 0 Name of Applicant Address of Applicant Actual Inventor Address for Service COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANISATION a body corporate established under the Science and Industry Research Act 1949, as amended, carrying on Scientific and Industrial Research, of Limestone Avenue, Campbell, Australian Capital Territory, Commonwealth of Australia RALPH EDWARD CHAPMAN F.B. RICE CO., Patent Attorneys, 28A Montague Street, BALMAIN. 2041.
4
I*
Complete Specification for the invention entitled: "Non-Surgical Mulesing" The following statement is a full description of this invention including the best method of performing it known to us:- 2 FIELD OF INVENTION This invention relates to the localised removal of skin from animals, and in particular to the non-surgical mulesing of sheep.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The desirability of reducing the incidence of blowfly strike on the breech of sheep has led to development of the Mules and related operations. These operations involve the surgical removal of skin from areas on the breech adjacent to the uro-genital opening of ewes, or the anus of castrated male sheep, or from the dorsal surface of the tail. The result of such removal is that during wound contracture and healing the existing bare areas on the breech and tail are stretched and permanently enlarged.
Although these operations provide effective lifelong protection against the ravages of repeated breech strike by blowflies the operation is traumatic. Animal welfare considerations have therefore encouraged attention toward non-surgical techniques.
In about 1940, L.L. Manchester described a non-surgical method whereby a caustic preparation was used to destroy wool-producing follicles in the treated area. Although it was later established that the caustic actually destroyed and removed the skin treated, thereby achieving a result similar to the mules operation, it was found that damage occurred from seepage of the caustic from the treated area.
Additionally there was an extended period of healing compared to the mules operation. Overall the operation was considered to be unnecessarily drastic and time-consuming particularly as a result similar to the mules operation was obtained.
In 1947 as a result of a comparative trial between the Manchester operation and the mules operation, it was concluded that the incidence ol fly strike was essentially the same for both operations. It was also found that the Manchester operation took longer to perform, healing took c
I
3 place over a longer period and a small mortality followed the operation.
In Proc. Aust. Soc. Animal Prod. 11, 189-192 (1976) Pratt and Hopkins disclosed the use of a number of cryogenic, i.rritant, fixative and protein denaturizing agents. Of these, the protein denaturizing agents were the only compounds found to be successful and included 40% phenol and a mixture of 20% phenol and 50% orthocresol. Application was by painting 15-30mi onto the relevant area. In discussing the effectiveness of these agents, the authors noted a number of disadvantages arising from the toxic and irritant properties of phenol and cresol, such as the need to take special precautions to prevent injury to human operators and increased toxicity to lambs resulting from excess absorption through intact skin.
In Wool Technology and Sheep Breeding, 23. 26-27 (1976) the same authors reported the successful use of a phenol emulsion which was applied to the relevant areas in an amount of 10-20ml using a roll-on dispenser. In this paper it is stated that the phenol rapidly penetrates the superficial layers of the skin, destroying cells and paralyzing nerve endings to produce an almost painless effect, whilst the germicidal nature of the phenol prevented infection in the healing t4ssue. Again it is noted that operators need to observe rigorous safety precautions.
Due to the potential health risk to human operators, the aforementioned chemical mulesing operations have not been widely used. The present inventor has recognized this disadvantage and has therefore sought to provide a non-surgical mulesing operation that is both safe in use and effective in reducing the incidence of fly strike in sheep.
This has been achieved by the identification of a range of agents that are effective for skin removal but are not as caustic and injurious to health as the prior art preparations.
cf
'IL
I,
4 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the dermal component of skin is a group of polyanionic substances, the glycosaminoglycans, which are part of the supporting extracellular matrix of the connective tissue. The present invention is based on the discovery that certain cationic compounds will complex with the anionic skin components to form full skin thickness eschars which are ultimately sloughed to leave linear scars similar to those resulting from the Mules operation.
Accordingly, in its broadest aspect this invention provides a non-surgical method for the removal from animals of fibre-producing skin at selected localities, which method comprises the treatment of such localities with a cationic compound so as to form hard, full skin thickness eschars at said localities.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Preferred groups of compounds for use in the present invention are halogenated quaternary ammonium compounds or are those represented by the formula: CH N+ 0 where R 1 and R 2 are alkyl having 8-10 carbon atoms.
These compounds may be used to treat the selected locality by topical application, using, for example, a brush or sponge, roll-on applicator or T-shaped applicator. These compounds may also be injected intradermally to the selected locality.
Compounds that have been found to be effective on intradermal injection include: cetylpyridinium chloride hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide methylbenzethonium chloride benzalkonium chloride 4 (Jo ii 5 Alcian Blue 8GX Compounds that have been found to be effective on topical application and intradermal injection include: Bardac LF 80 dioctyldimethylammonium chloride (Lonza) Bardac 2080 octyldecyldimethylammonium chloride (Lonza) Bardac 2280 didecyldimethylammonium chloride (Lonza) Quatramine 2-10/80 didecyldimethylammonium chloride (Harcros Industrial Chemicals) didecylmethylethylammonium chloride didecylmethylpropylammonium chloride didecylethylpropylammonium chloride Compounds that have been found to be effective on topical application include: nonyltrimethylammonium bromide tricapryl(trioctyl)methylammonium chloride trioctylpropylammonium bromide Adogen 464-trimethyl C 8
-C
10 quaternaryammonium chloride.
An effective compound on topical application and falling within the scope of the formula I is didecylmethylamine oxide.
A particularly preferred compound is didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride.
A suitable topical preparation will include the cationic compound in a concentration of not less than about 15% w/w in aqueous solution. Concentrations of up to about 25% w/w may be used. Preferably the preparation will include a dermal penetration promoter such as propylene glycol and the like.
This acts to assist the transport of the cationic compound to the anionic skin components. Glycerol may also be included to reduce the volatility of the preparation.
Thus, a typical preparation will comprise an aqueous solution of about 15-25% w/w cationic compound, 30-40% w/w glycerol and 5-20% w/w propylene glycol. In use up to about will be applied to a sheep, depending on its age and the size of the selected locality and length of wool on the k p 7- locality for treatment.
In addition to topical application, a treatment may comprise the intradermal injection of the cationic compound into the selected locality. For this treatment, an aqueous solution of cationic compound in a concentration as low as 2% w/w may be used.
Whilst the selected locality in a sheep may be crutched, this removal of wool prior to treatment is not required and is therefore a matter for individual husbandry practices.
To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method of the invention, a preparation comprising an aqueous solution of 24% w/w didecyldimethylammonium chloride, 6% w/w propyleneglycol and 32% w/w glycerol was applied topically to wool bearing skin adjacent to the bare areas on the breech of lambs, adult ewes or castrated male sheep.
It was found that within 6-7 days, hard, full skin thickness eschars developed which were sloughed within 3-4 weeks to reveal linear scars and enlarged bare areas comparable to those achieved by the mulesing operation.
In addition to a suitable mulesing procedure, this invention provides a means for "chemical" branding. For this procedure, an application of the cationic compound is made to the skin in a manner such that the resultant hard, full skin thickness eschars are formed into the required brand pattern.
Whilst this invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that numerous variations and modifications may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit or scope thereof as broadly described.
T Of A tlU' 4
Claims (14)
1. A non-surgical method for the removal from an animal of fibre-producing skin at selected localities, which method comprises the treatment of such localities with a cationic compound so as to form hard, full skin thickness eschars at said localities.
2. A method as in claim 1 wherein the cationic compound is a halogenated quaternary ammonium compound or is of the formula I: CH 3 N+ where R 1 and R 2 are alkyl having 8-10 carbon atoms.
3. A method as in claim 2 wherein the cationic compound is selected from the group consisting of: cetylpyridinium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, methylbenzethonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, Alcian Blue 8GX, dioctyldimethylammonium chloride, octyldecyldimethylammonium chloride, didecyldimethylammonium chloride, didecylmethylethylammonium chloride, didecylmethylpropylammonium chloride, didecylethylpropylammonium chloride, nonyltrimethylammonium bromide, tricapryl(trioctyl)methylammonium chloride, trioctylpropylammonium bromide, trimethyl C 8 -C 10 quaternary ammonium chloride.
4. A method as in claim 3 wherein the cationic compound is didecyldimethylammonium chloride.
5. A method as in claim 2 wherein the cationic compound is didecylmethylamine oxide.
6. A method as in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the treatment comprises the topical application of a solution of the cationic compound.
7. A method as in claim 6, wherein application is effected by using a brush or sponge, a roll-on applicator or a T-shaped applicator. 1 2 :4 8
8. A method as in claim 6 or claim 7 wherein the cationic compound is in aqueous solution in a concentration of from to 25% w/w.
9. A method as in claim 8 wherein the solution includes a dermal penetration enhancer.
A method as in claim 9 wherein the dermal penetration enhancer is propylene glycol in a concentration of from 5 to w/w.
11. A method as in any one of claims 6 to 10 wherein the solution includes glycerol in a concentration of from 30 to w/w.
12. A method as in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the treatment comprises the intradermal injection of an aqueous solution of the cationic compound in a concentration of at least 2% w/w.
13. A method as in any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein the animal is a sheep.
14. A method as in claim 13 wherein the sheep is a lamb, adult ewe or castrated male and the selected locality is the wool bearing skin adjacent to the bare areas on the breech. DATED this 22 day of March 1991 COMMONWEALTH SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH ORGANISATION Patent Attorneys for the Applicant: F.B. RICE CO. v
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU73793/91A AU647784B2 (en) | 1990-03-27 | 1991-03-25 | Non surgical mulesing |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPJ9302 | 1990-03-27 | ||
| AUPJ930290 | 1990-03-27 | ||
| AU73793/91A AU647784B2 (en) | 1990-03-27 | 1991-03-25 | Non surgical mulesing |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU7379391A AU7379391A (en) | 1991-10-03 |
| AU647784B2 true AU647784B2 (en) | 1994-03-31 |
Family
ID=25637412
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU73793/91A Ceased AU647784B2 (en) | 1990-03-27 | 1991-03-25 | Non surgical mulesing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU647784B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006096913A1 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2006-09-21 | Animal Ethics Pty Ltd | A topical anaesthetic composition |
| WO2007062462A1 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-07 | Australian Wool Innovation Limited | Method for administering a skin necrosis composition to an animal |
| AU2006287247B8 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-14 | Australian Wool Innovation Limited | Method for administering a composition to an animal |
-
1991
- 1991-03-25 AU AU73793/91A patent/AU647784B2/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006096913A1 (en) | 2005-03-15 | 2006-09-21 | Animal Ethics Pty Ltd | A topical anaesthetic composition |
| WO2007062462A1 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-07 | Australian Wool Innovation Limited | Method for administering a skin necrosis composition to an animal |
| AU2006287247B8 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-06-14 | Australian Wool Innovation Limited | Method for administering a composition to an animal |
| AU2006287247B2 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2007-08-09 | Australian Wool Innovation Limited | Method for administering a composition to an animal |
| AU2006287247C1 (en) * | 2005-11-29 | 2008-08-21 | Australian Wool Innovation Limited | Method for administering a composition to an animal |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU7379391A (en) | 1991-10-03 |
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