AU650015B2 - Battery temperature regulator - Google Patents
Battery temperature regulator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU650015B2 AU650015B2 AU77190/91A AU7719091A AU650015B2 AU 650015 B2 AU650015 B2 AU 650015B2 AU 77190/91 A AU77190/91 A AU 77190/91A AU 7719091 A AU7719091 A AU 7719091A AU 650015 B2 AU650015 B2 AU 650015B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- temperature
- arrangement
- range
- regulating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/60—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements
- H02J7/663—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including safety or protection arrangements using battery or load disconnect circuits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
- F25B21/04—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect reversible
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/1919—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means characterised by the type of controller
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
- H01M10/6572—Peltier elements or thermoelectric devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Description
mm ft ob u 0
ORIGINAL
COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA PATENTS ACT 1952-1969 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR THE INVENTION ENTITLED Ile* "BATTERY TEMPERATURE REGULATOR" 9 -e e~ S
S
S
The following statemenL is a fUll (lcscriptioll of th is inrventlion, i nCl d inrg t ie heN! meCthod of perforin rg it known to LIS:- 2 The present invention relates to an arrangement for regulating the temperature of a storage battery which is connected, or can be connected, to a charging voltage on a load. Preferably the battery is surrounded by heat-insulating material.
Such an arrangement is known from DE OS 26 43 903. The storage battery there is surrounded on all sides by sheets of polystyrene foam. An electrical heating arrangement is in close contact with the storage battery and can be supplied with current from the battery itself. The temperature of the storage battery is monitored by a temperature sensor and at temperatures just below an allowable lower limit the heating element is switched on via a thermal switch, and switched off again when the temperature reaches or exceeds a predetermined upper limit.
With this known arrangement it is possible to heat a storage battery to the opcrating temperature, when the battery temperature is less than a lower limiting nvlue.
However, situations are possible for which the temperature of the battery exceeds the nominal battery temperature, for example 200 or 250, depending on the m: nufacturer. In this case, the charging and discharging process is not as critical as in the S case of too low a temperature, nevertheless the life of a storage battery can be shortened significantly at higher temperatures.
The present invention aims to solve the problem of providing an arrangement which, in a simple manner, allows too high a temperature to be lowered to the correct 20 operating temperature, and too low a temperature to be raised to the operating temperature.
This task is achieved in the manner to be described. In this way it is possible, without large expenses, for eg. cooling medium and circulation i;ump, or any other mechanical or electromechanical machines or devices, to control the operating tern- 25 perature even at extremely low or extremely high ambient temperatures.
The invention will be described with reference to the drawings, in which: Figure I shows a schematic diagram of an arrangement embodying the invention; and Figure 2 is a diagram showing in principle the life and capacity of a storage battery as a function of the temperature and the operating temperature range.
In Figure I the storage battery is designated I and is, for example, a lead-acid battery with liquid, gelled or absorbed electrolyte. This is surrounded on all sides by heat-insulating material 2. This can consist of foamed plastic, or plastic or mineral fibre matting, or plastic foils with air pockets, etc.
For the storage battery 1 there is provided an electrical system 3 consisting of a number of Peltier elements 4, for example connected in series, having the two types of conductor 4.1 and 4.2 made of suitable metals or alloys. The similar first contact points 5 of the Peltier elements are so arranged that they are in good thermal contact with the storage battery 1, that is they are thermally coupled to it. The similar second contact point 6 of the Peltier elements 4 are placed outside the heat-insulating material 2.
Near the storage battery, and in good thermal contact with it, preferably with at least one of its terminals, a temperature sensor 7 is provided. This can be on the outside of the case of the battery I, or it can be within lhe case. It is advantageous to place it at least partly within the electrolyte of the battery 1. Suitable sensors are eg. sensors with a defined volume of a substance with large temperature coefficient of expansion which actuates a membrane, and sensors based on semiconductors or S bimetals. The sensor 7 is connected to a thermal switch 8, or its actuating member can operate the thermal switch 8. When an electronic temperature sensor 7 is used, eg. a positive- or negative-coefficient thermistor or some other temperature-dependent electronic component (eg. a diode or transistor), then a suitable electronic circuit is used for the thermal switch 8. One terminal 9 of the storage battery I, generally the negative terminal, is connected to ground M and also to the centre contact 10 of a reversing switch 11.
The other terminal 12 is connected to the two outer contacts of the reversing switch 11 and to the moving contact 15 of a single pole switch 16. The fixed contact 17 is connected to one terminal 18 of a dc charging supply 19, whose other Irminal is connected to ground. The charging supply 19 can be a dc generator or a 25 rectifier, but preferably uses photo-voltaic cells, eg. a solar panel.
The contacts 10, 13 and 14 of the reversing switch I I have three moving contacts 21, 22 and 23 provided near them in the usual way, with the middle contact 22 connected to terminal 24, and the contacts 21 and 23 to the other terminal 25, of the electrical system 3 which consists of the Peltier elements 4. In the circuit shown in Figure 1 the moving contact 23 can also be omitted.
The switch 16 and the reversing switch I1 can be controlled and actuated mechanically or electrically by the thermal switch 8. It may be mentioned that electronic switching stages can also be used instead of the mechanical switches 16 and I1.
Figure 2 shows the intended operating temperature range 26 of a storage battery 1, eg. from 10 0 C to 30 0 C. This temperature range depends on the type of battery being used. The lower limit of the temperature T generally lies between 10°C and 0 C and the upper limit of the temperature T for example between 25°C and The battery 1 should preferably be operated (ic. charged and discharged) only in the operating temperature range 26, in particular at the nominal temperature TN of the battery. This load range 27 can, however, be slightly extended up and down.
as shown in Figure 2. The thermal switch 8 can, for example, operate a switch 28 to connect or disconnect a load 29, eg. a transmitter and/or receiver, or a repeater station of a telecommunication network.
The capacity K of a storage battery generally decreases rapidly at temperaturcs lower than the operating temperature range, as shown by the curve K f(to) in Figure 2. On the other hand, the expected life L of a storage battery is strongly rccduced at temperatures above the operating temperature range, as shown by the curve L f(to).
From the diagram in Figure 2 it is therefore clear that optimum operating con- 15 ditions can be achieved for a storage battery by heating it when the temperature is a f below the lower temperature limit T and cooling it above the upper limit T This can be achieved in a simple manner by the arrangement of the invention.
The arrangement of Figure 1 operates as follows: Assume that the terminal 9 of the storage battery I is the negative terminal and 20 terminal 12 the positive terminal of the storage battery 1. Also assume that terminal of the charging supply 19 is its negative terminal and terminal 18 the positive terminal, and that the temperature of the battery 1 is below the operating temperature range 26, ie. it lies below the lower limit T.
In this situation the temperature sensor 7 provides an appropriate mechanical 25 or electrical control signal to the thermal switch 8, which causes it to keep the switch 16 open and to put the reversing switch II into a condition such that, for example, the moving contact 21 rests against the outer contact 13, and the moving contact 22 rests against the centre contact 10. A current then flows from the positive terminal 12 of the storage battery 1, via the outer contact 13, and the moving contact 22 rests against the centre contact 10. A current then flows from the positive terminal 12 of the storage battery 1, via the outer contact !3 and the moving contact 21, through the Peltier elements 4, the moving contact 22 and the centre contact 10. back to the negative terminal 9. The Peltier elements 4 are so arranged that, in this condition, the current flowing through the first contact poins 5 heats them. This causes the battery to be heated until it reaches a temperature in the operating temperature range 26.
Preferably when the lower limit T is reached or exceeded, the thermal switch 8 sets the reversing switch to the OFF position, ie. a position in which the moving coni fct 21 is positioned between the outer contact 13 and the centre contact 10 without touching either of them, and the moving contact 22 is positioned between the centre contact 10 and the outer contact 14 without touching either of them. .s soon as the lower limit T is reached, or shortly before, the thermal switch 8 sets the switch 16 to the ON position which connects the terminal 18 of the charging supply 19 to terminal 12 of the storage battery 1. If required, the charging process can be monitored and controlled by a known control unit 20, as shown dotted in Figure 1. This controls the charging process as a function of both the battery voltage and the available voltage of the charging supply 19; in addition, regulation of the voltage of the chnrging supply 19, or of the current, is possible.
If now for any reason the temperature of the storage battery I becomes grenler than the permissible or desired upper limit T, th th t he thermal switch 8 is so con- 15 trolled by the temperature sensor 7 that it sets the reversing switch 11 into such a position that the moving contact 21 rests against the centre contact 10 and the moving contact 22 against the lower outer contact 14. Then the terminal 24 is connected to terminal 12 of the storage battery I and terminal 25 is connected to terminal 9.
The voltage at the Peltier elements 4 is thereby reversed compared to the earlier state.
0 20 As a result, the current in the contact points 5 and 6 flows in the opposite direction, and thus in the contact points 5 in such a way that these are cooled. Simultaneously, by means of the switch 16 the thermal switch 8 can disconnect the (possibly connected) voltage of the charging supply 19, and or the (possibly connected) lond 29 by means of the switch 28.
25 When the storage battery has cooled to the operating temperature, or the upper limit is reached from higher temperatures, the thernal switch 8 again sets reversing switch 11 to the OFF position and, if required, the load 29 and/or the charging supply 19 can be re-connected.
It is especially advantageous to use solar panels as the supply for the Peltier clements 4, since they can deliver the relatively large currents required by the Peltier elements.
Claims (9)
1. A battery temperature regulating arrangement comprising a storage battery, first switching means to connect the battery to or to disconnect the battery from a charging voltage source, a temperature sensor measuring the temperature of the battery; controllable temperature regulating means thermally coupled to the battery and capable of selectively heating or cooling the battery; control means responsive to the temperature sensor to cause the regulating means respectively to heat or to cool the battery when the sensor indicates that the temperature of the battery is below or above an operating temperature range; wherein the regulating means comprises an array of Peltier elements connectable to a DC supply vc,;age via second switching means comprising a change-over switch, the change-over switch being controlled by .o the control means. 5
2. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein the battery is enclosed in heat insulating means. **see:
3. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the first S switching means is controlled by the control means to disconnect the battery S from the charging voltage source when the sensor indicates that the battery temperature is below the operating temperatute range.
4. An arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 including third switching means controlled by the control means to disconnect the battery from 0 a load when the sensor indicates the battery temperature is above the operating 00060Sl temperature range. S
5. An arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the SO.. supply voltage is the charging voltage source.
6. An arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the supply voltage is the voltage of the battery. S
7. An arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the Peltier elements consist of serially connected alternating elements of materials A and B forming serially connected alternate AB and BA junctions wherein when current flows from material A to material B the associated junction is heated, and when current flows from material B to material A the associated junction is cooled, and wherein the AB junctions are thermally connected to the battery and the BA junctions are remote from the battery.
8. An arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the charging voltage supply comprises a plurality of photo-voltiac cells.
9. A battery temperature regulating arrangement substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings. DATED THIS SEVENTH DAY OF APRIL 1994 ALCATEL N.V. e o* o: 9 a 0966*0 0 to *0@SO@ SOf S•• S S CC... S S CS... S ABSTRACT A battory tcmpcrature rcgulating arrangement uscs a temperaturc scnsor to inform a control circuit whcthcr thc battcry tcmpcraturc is within, abovc, or bclow a specified working tempcraturc range. Thc control mcans switchcs on a temperature regulating dCViCC when the temperature is outside the working range, as well as controlling the operation of switches (16, 28) connecting a charging volt agc (19) and a load (29) to the battcry. S S S-S JS. SW S S 0S S S 4 5 555 S S S~* S SOPS 'S S. S A Se S AS S *5 *S
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4017475 | 1990-05-31 | ||
| DE19904017475 DE4017475A1 (en) | 1990-05-31 | 1990-05-31 | ARRANGEMENT WITH AN ELECTRIC BATTERY |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU7719091A AU7719091A (en) | 1991-12-05 |
| AU650015B2 true AU650015B2 (en) | 1994-06-09 |
Family
ID=6407516
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU77190/91A Expired - Fee Related AU650015B2 (en) | 1990-05-31 | 1991-05-21 | Battery temperature regulator |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU650015B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4017475A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4142628C1 (en) * | 1991-12-21 | 1993-05-06 | Dieter Braun | |
| DE4234231A1 (en) * | 1992-10-10 | 1994-04-14 | Adolf Wuerth Gmbh & Co Kg | Rechargeable battery |
| DE4439785C2 (en) * | 1994-11-07 | 1999-05-12 | Mikron Ges Fuer Integrierte Mi | Method for charging a rechargeable battery and device for carrying out the method |
| WO1996017397A1 (en) * | 1994-11-28 | 1996-06-06 | Chartec Laboratories A/S | A method and an apparatus for controlling battery temperature during charging/discharging |
| JP2003007356A (en) | 2001-06-25 | 2003-01-10 | Matsushita Refrig Co Ltd | Temperature regulator for storage battery and running vehicle mounting the same |
| DE10210634A1 (en) * | 2002-03-11 | 2003-04-24 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Device to thermally control electrochemical energy converters such as fuel cells and batteries uses Peltier element in region of converter where heat flow occurs |
| DE10214366B4 (en) | 2002-03-30 | 2017-03-16 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | measuring arrangement |
| US20050074666A1 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2005-04-07 | Hirokazu Kimiya | Heat control device for battery |
| ITMI20061296A1 (en) * | 2006-07-04 | 2008-01-05 | Campagnolo Srl | METHOD OF CONTROL AND SYSTEM OF CHARGING A BATTERY POWER UNIT |
| DE102008015621A1 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2009-10-15 | Iq Power Licensing Ag | Liquid electrolyte battery with tempering device |
| DE102009005853A1 (en) * | 2009-01-23 | 2010-07-29 | Li-Tec Battery Gmbh | Temperate battery system II |
| DE102009041137B4 (en) * | 2009-09-14 | 2022-02-17 | Volkswagen Ag | Thermoelectric unit, battery unit, device for temperature control of a battery unit and method for temperature control |
| DE102009051216A1 (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2011-05-12 | Li-Tec Battery Gmbh | Electrochemical energy store and method for the thermal stabilization of an electrochemical energy store |
| DE102011006648A1 (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2012-10-04 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Energy storage device with a solar cell module and associated operating method |
| DE102012215056B4 (en) | 2012-08-24 | 2021-09-02 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Battery system and motor vehicle |
| DE102012018089A1 (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2014-03-13 | Daimler Ag | Electric power supply for the prime mover of a motor vehicle and method for operating such |
| FR3028098A1 (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-05-06 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | METHOD FOR THE THERMAL MANAGEMENT AND SECURITY OF AN AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM CONNECTED TO AN INTERMITTENT BATTERY AND ENERGY SOURCE |
| DE102016002245B4 (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2022-06-30 | Gentherm Gmbh | Device for controlling the temperature of at least one object and method for checking the functionality of a sensor device consisting of at least two sensors |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU153046B2 (en) * | 1952-02-04 | 1952-04-10 | Dunlop Rubber Company Limited | Improvements in battery cases |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2643903A1 (en) * | 1976-09-29 | 1978-03-30 | Boris Dipl Ing Koleff | Heater system for maintaining car starter battery at working temp. - controlled by thermometric probe within battery and pref. comprising hotplate with polystyrene insulation |
| DE3734221A1 (en) * | 1987-10-09 | 1989-04-20 | Asea Brown Boveri | METHOD FOR AVOIDING OVERHEATING OF HIGH TEMPERATURE BATTERIES |
-
1990
- 1990-05-31 DE DE19904017475 patent/DE4017475A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-05-21 AU AU77190/91A patent/AU650015B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU153046B2 (en) * | 1952-02-04 | 1952-04-10 | Dunlop Rubber Company Limited | Improvements in battery cases |
| AU258251B2 (en) * | 1960-10-27 | 1963-05-02 | Commander Pty. Limited | Improved device for protecting batteries |
| AU483703B2 (en) * | 1972-12-13 | 1975-02-20 | Crompton & Knowles Corp. | Temperature control apparatus for extruders |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4017475A1 (en) | 1991-12-05 |
| AU7719091A (en) | 1991-12-05 |
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