AU660862B2 - Dehydrated animal feed - Google Patents
Dehydrated animal feed Download PDFInfo
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- AU660862B2 AU660862B2 AU52616/93A AU5261693A AU660862B2 AU 660862 B2 AU660862 B2 AU 660862B2 AU 52616/93 A AU52616/93 A AU 52616/93A AU 5261693 A AU5261693 A AU 5261693A AU 660862 B2 AU660862 B2 AU 660862B2
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- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 13
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000012216 bentonite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000004767 rumen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical class [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004184 Avoparcin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000269319 Squalius cephalus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- JWFVWARSGMYXRN-HTQQBIQNSA-N avoparcin Chemical compound O([C@H]1[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C4=CC(O)=CC(O)=C4C=4C(O)=CC=C3C=4)C(O)=O)=O)CC3=C(O[C@@H]4O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](N)C4)C=C(C(=C3)Cl)OC=3C=C2C=C(C=3O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@H](N)C2)OC2=CC=C1C=C2)C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC)C=1C=CC(O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O2)O)=CC=1)[C@@H]1O[C@@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O JWFVWARSGMYXRN-HTQQBIQNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229950001335 avoparcin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019377 avoparcin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010053278 avoparcin Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019621 digestibility Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006052 feed supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011790 ferrous sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003891 ferrous sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000282849 Ruminantia Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019739 Dicalciumphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000289581 Macropus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004464 cereal grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000390 dicalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940038472 dicalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011363 dried mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000836 magnesium aluminium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002187 spin decoupling employing ultra-broadband-inversion sequences generated via simulated annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Description
660862
AUSTRALIA
Patents Act 1990 d Name of Applicant Actual Inventor(s) Address for Service PHILIP WILLIAM KEMP, HEATH SUSAN KEMP, THOMAS HALL NOUGHER and MARJORIE JEAN NOUGHER.
PHILIP WILLIAM KEMP and THOMAS HALL NOUGHER GRANT ADAMS COMPANY, Patent Trade Mark Attorneys Level 9, National Mutual Centre, 144 Edward Street, BRISBANE. QLD. 4000
AUSTRALIA.
DEHYDRATED ANIMAL FEED Invention Title Details of Associated Provisional Applications Numbers PL6499 The following statement is a full description of the invention including the best method of performing it known to me.
_1 THIS INVENTION relates to dehydrated animal feed. In particular, this invention relates to, but is not limited to, the dehydration of animal tissue material into a dry stable form.
For many years, it has been recognised that there has been a major loss of potentially usable feed resources, especially protein, due to the inability to process the raw material easily and economically. The present method of utilisation of such raw feed resources is basically limited to rendering processes where the material is first cooked and then physically dried.
This method is expensive in both capital equipment and energy costs of production and hence does not lend itself to many applications.
It is the preferred objects of this invention to convert the raw animal material into a stable dehydrated form capable of storage, transportation and use without specialised equipment (for example, refrigeration); and which is relatively inexpensive in *ee 20 terms of capital equipment to establish and lower costs of production.
In one aspect the present invention resides in i: a method of manufacturing animal feed wherein: raw animal material is mixed in bulk with a dry dehydrating material which is capable of absorbing moisture (either chemically or physically) from the material, reducing the percentage of water content in the material in association with altering the physical nature of the parent material; and, physically 30 dehydrating the mixed material to a dry stable product; S.wherein; raw animal material is mixed in bulk with a dry dehydrating material which is capable of absorbing moisture (either chemically or physically) from the material, reducing the percentage of water content in the material in association with altering the physical nature of the parent material; and, physically dehydrating the mixed material to a dry stable product; wherein the dehydrating materials includes at least one or more of the combinations of: bentonites, zeolites, kaolins or other clays in the ratio not exceeding 35% calcium oxide, magnesium oxide or aluminium oxide in the ratio not exceeding 35% diatomite or other diamataceous earths in the ratio not exceeding 35% gypsum, dolomite, limestone, sodium bicarbonate or salt in the ratio not exceeding calcium phosphates and/or phosphoric acid in the ratio not exceeding 35% ferrous sulphate and/or ferric sulphate in the ratio not exceeding 35% grains, starches and gelatinous materials and byproducts of grains (for example, pollard, bran, hulls and the like) including extruded forms in the ratio not exceeding 80% protein grains and oilseed grains and their byproducts including processed and extruded. forms of 25 protein meals in the ratio not exceeding 80% vegetable products and byproducts such as copra meal and palm. kernel meal, gin trash and chopped hay and straw in the ratio not exceeding 75% and animal byproducts such as meat meals, bone 30 meals and blood meals and gelatinous materials in the ratio not exceeding 75% and wherein the raw animal material is mixed with a stabilizer to raise mixture to a Ph not less than The animal materials which may be used (but 35 not limited) include, for example, animal wastes and ~llr offals from slaughter works; domestic animals of little commercial value such as cast for age or drought affected sheep or cattle, or flock reduction sheep; waste or discarded widelife carcasses or parts thereof; poultry offal or cast for age poultry; fish or crayfish offals or non-usable species from catches.
The preferred dehydrating materials which can be used are varied and the particular materials used in particular situations will depend on several factors including: i. The proximity and cost of the dehydrating material to the dehydrating facility; 2. The rate at which the dehydrating needs to be carried out; 3. The intended use of the resultant dried product.
The raw animal material is mixed with a stabilizer to raise mixture to a pH not less than Preferably the mixed material is physically dehydrated to a dry stable product.
Preferably the pH is raised to greater than 10.0, more preferably greater than 12.0.
Preferably the material is treated with the stabilizer while wet and fresh. Preferably treatment is 25 within 24 hours of death and without refrigeration of the material.
The stabilizer may be any suitable alkaline material and may include oxides, hydroxides and salts of .the metallic elements. Examples include calcium oxide, 30 calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium sulphite, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium sulphate or any two or more in combination.
Dependent on the material with which the 35 produce is to be mixed, the pH level may be reduced or ~4a balanced by the addition of acid.
To any material, during production, may be added optional additional materials which will enhance 00. 0 0.
the nutritional or economic value of the finished product. Such additional materials (although not limited to) may include, for example, rumen modifiers such as monensen or avoparcin, enzymes or bacterial cultures; additional vitamins or minerals; non protein nitrogen sources such as urea; antioxidants, stabilizers, antibiotics, mould inhibitors, preservatives (including salt) and the like; protein and lipid modifiers to alter their rumen digestibility; palatability enhancers such as molasses and byproducts of molasses fermentation.
The resultant dried material may be fed directly to livestock (both ruminants and monogastrics) in a granular or block form; it may be mixed with feed supplements, trace elements, protein meals, cereal protein and oilseed grains, molasses or byproducts of molasses fermentation, hay or the like in any combination for livestock (both ruminant and monogastric) feeding; it may be used as a pet food either as produce or mixed with other materials; and/or it may be used directly or as an ingredient in food for human consumption. Generally the dried material will be mixed at a maximum of 10 15% of the final product.
S.i 25 Some examples of manufactured product are: 1. Fish or marine offal treated with calcium oxide and dried. This material is suitable for mono-gastric rations.
2. Cast for age poultry carcasses treated with 5% calcium oxide, 1% magnesium oxide and 12% zeolite and dried for inclusion in pig rations.
3. Cast for age sheep carcasses treated with milled grain, 10% bentonite and 3% zeolite and dicalcium phosphate and dried for ruminant drought supplementation.
4. Waste kangaroo carcasses treated with calcium phosphate, 5% limestone, 30% bentonite and 12% zeolite and dried for dry season cattle supplementation of cattle (eg. in Northern Australia).
To enable the invention to be fully understood, preferred embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawing (FIG. 1) which is a schematic diagram of the apparatus employed in the methods of the present invention.
In the method of the first aspect the dehydrating material is mixed with the raw animal material and then dried. It is usual to mix all oooeo materials at the start but not essential as any ingredient can be introduced at any time during the process. Once mixed, the material is then dried. Any drying system may be used but the normal air flow system is usually most practical. The drying air may be heated but not usually necessary for successful production.
Using minimal dehydrating materials and non-heated air for drying, it is usual for the process to take 24 to 48 hours.
Referring to FIG. i, animal wastes 10 (eg.
cattle carcasses) passed through a mincer or hogger 11, and the dehydrating materials 12 (eg. 20% bentonite, 25 zeolite, 5% limestone and 10% milled cereal grain) are fed to, and mixed in, a mixer 13. The mixture is conveyed (eg. by an auger) to a trommel dryer 14 which is provided with a counter-current airflow by an air fan or blower 16 (and which may be heated by a heater the heater 15 may heat the air flow from the blower 16).
The dried mixture is conveyed to a hammer mill 17 for grinding to a desired granule/powder size and the granulated/powder feed material is conveyed to a packaging/transport area 18.
Referring now to the method of the second
I
aspect, the animal wastes 10 (after passing through the mincer or hogger 11) is mixed in the mixer 13 with stabilizer 12 (calcium hydroxide or sodium carbonate) to raise the pH of the mixture to greater than 8.0, with greater than 12.0 more preferred.
The mixture is dried in the dryer 14, ground in the hammer mill 17 and packed as hereinbefore described.
Where the product is to be used for direct feeding eg in fish feed, acid 19 may be added to the.
mixer 13 (after the initial mixing has occurred) or to the hammer mill 17 to reduce the pH of the final product eg to 6.5 Where the product is to be mixed with acidic materials eg grain, the addition of acid may not be required as the alkaline product may be balanced by the acidity of the grain. As hereinbefore described, the final product will contain a maximum of 10 15% (w/w) of the product.
It will be readily apparent to the skilled addressee that valuable feed, preferably for animals but :also suitable for human consumption, can be produced from substantially value-less animals such as feedstock; and that the resultant feed is suitable for a wide range 25 of potential uses.. The animal feed may also be incorporated in fertilizers.
Various changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments described and illustrated without departing from the scope of the present invention defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method of manufacturing animal feed wherein: raw animal material is mixed in bulk with a dry dehydrating material which is capable of absorbing moisture (either chemically or physically) from the material, reducing the percentage of water content in the material in association with altering the physical nature of the parent material; and, physical'y dehydrating the mixed material to a dry stable product; wherein he dehydrating materials includes at least one or more of the combinations of: bentonites, zeolites, kaolins or other clays in the ratio not exceeding 35% calcium oxide, magnesiua oxide or aluminium oxide in the ratio not exceeding 35% diatomite or other diamataceous earths in the ratio not exceeding 35% gypsum, dolomite, limestone, sodium bicarbonate or salt in the ratio not exceeding calcium phosphates and/or phosphoric acid in the ratio not exceeding 35% ferrous sulphate and/or ferric sulphate in the ratio not exceeding 35% 25 grains, starches and gelatinous materials and byproducts of grains (for example, pollard, bran, hulls and the like) including extruded forms in the ratio not exceeding 80% S" protein grains and oilseed grains and their 30 byproducts including processed aiv. extruded forms of protein meals in the ratio not exceeding 80% vegetable products and byproducts such as copra meal and palm kernel meal, gin trash and chopped S; hay and straw in the ratio not exceeding 75% and S 35 animal byproducts such as meat meals, bone a r- meals and blood meals and gelatinous materials in the ratio not exceeding 75% and wherein: the raw animal material is mixed with a stabilizer to raise the mixture to a pH not less than
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein: animal material includes, for example, animal wastes and offals from slaughter works; domestic animals of little commercial value such as cast for age or drought affected sheep or cattle, or flock reduction sheep; waste or discarded wildlife carcasses or parts thereof; poultry offal or cast for age poultry; fish or crayfish offals or non-usable species from catches.
3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein: the pH is raised to greater than 10.0, more preferably greater than 12.0.
4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein: the material is treated with the stabilizer while wet and fresh. 5 A method according to claim 4 wherein: treatment is within 24 hours of death and without refrigeration of the material. 25 6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to wherein: the stabilizers may be any alkaline material, including oxides, hydroxides and salts of the metallic elements. 30 7. A method according to claim 6 wherein: the stabilizer includes calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium sulphite, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium 35 sulphate or any two or more in combination. 9*99 .9 9 9 9 9* 99 9* 9 9 99 9
9.* 9* .9* *9 9 9 9 9 9* 9 oo *o oo 0: 4 1' (i 3 Q a 8. A method of manufacturing animrr feed wherein: the pH level of the product, manufactured by anyone of the claims 1 to 7, is reduced or balanced by the addition of acid dependent on the material with which the product is to be mixed. 9. A method according to of claim 8 wherein: optional additional materials are added which will enhance the nutritional or economic value of the finished product; the additional materials including: rumen modifiers such as monensen or avoparcin, enzymes or bacterial cultures; additional vitamins or minerals; non protein nitrogen sources such as urea; &ntioxidants, stabilizers, antibiotics, mould inhibitors, preservatives (including salt) and the like; protein and lipid modifiers to alter their rumen digestibility; palatability enhancers such as molasses and byproducts of molasses fermentation; and any combination of two or more thereof. Animal feed manufactured in the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.
11. Animal feed as claimed in claim 10 for feeding directly to livestock in a granular or block form; mixing with feed supplements, trace elements, protein meals, cereal protein and oilseed grains, molasses or 25 byproducts of molasses fermentation, hay or the like in any combination for livestock used as a pet food either as produce or mixed with other materials; and/or used directly or as an ingredient in food for human consumption, the dried animal feed being mixed at a maximum of 10 15% of the final product.
12. Fertilizer incorporated the animal feed manufactured by the method as claimed in any one of o* "claims 1 to 9. 11 DATED this twenty-fourth day of March 1995. PHILIP WILLIAM KEMP HEATH SUSAN KEMP THOMAS HALL NOUGI3ER and MARJORIE JEAN NOUGHER By their Patent Attorneys GRANT ADAMS COMPANY S ~A Iq ABSTRACT Dehydrated animal feed, which may be fed directly to animals or mixed with other feeds, is manufactured by mixing fresh, wet raw animal material with a dry dehydrating material and physically dehydrating the mixture to a dry stable products. Alternately the raw animal material is mixed with alkaline materials to raise the pH of the mixture to above more preferably 12.0, the mixture is physically dehydrated to a dry stable product. es *.o 44 o* 4 a.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU52616/93A AU660862B2 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1993-12-21 | Dehydrated animal feed |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPL6499 | 1992-12-22 | ||
| AUPL649992 | 1992-12-22 | ||
| AU52616/93A AU660862B2 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1993-12-21 | Dehydrated animal feed |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU5261693A AU5261693A (en) | 1994-07-21 |
| AU660862B2 true AU660862B2 (en) | 1995-07-06 |
Family
ID=25629769
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU52616/93A Expired AU660862B2 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1993-12-21 | Dehydrated animal feed |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU660862B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0781742A4 (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1998-12-23 | Konishi Toshiaki | Vegetable fiber planted organic crude fertilizer, method of manufacturing the same, and treatment apparatus for the same |
| DK201400146A1 (en) * | 2014-03-16 | 2015-09-28 | Janima Holding Aps | Combination product for bedding in animal husbandry. Product is manufactured as a traditional drying agent for housing and has been added to raw materials in the form of stomach stabilizing starch and fiber, as well as minerals that bind toxins. |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9905542D0 (en) * | 1999-03-10 | 1999-05-05 | Mars Uk Ltd | Pet food |
| AUPR152700A0 (en) | 2000-11-15 | 2000-12-14 | Australian Dehydration Technologies Pty Ltd | Animal feed |
| CN119118737A (en) * | 2024-09-20 | 2024-12-13 | 新洋丰农业科技股份有限公司 | A method for preparing a compound fertilizer with water-retaining, fertilizer-retaining and salt-alkali-resistant functions |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU1879983A (en) * | 1983-04-25 | 1984-11-01 | Ralph A. Nichols | Preserving food for fish |
| AU5074190A (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1990-09-06 | William Bert Heycott | Method and means for preparing bait |
-
1993
- 1993-12-21 AU AU52616/93A patent/AU660862B2/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU1879983A (en) * | 1983-04-25 | 1984-11-01 | Ralph A. Nichols | Preserving food for fish |
| AU5074190A (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1990-09-06 | William Bert Heycott | Method and means for preparing bait |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0781742A4 (en) * | 1994-09-20 | 1998-12-23 | Konishi Toshiaki | Vegetable fiber planted organic crude fertilizer, method of manufacturing the same, and treatment apparatus for the same |
| DK201400146A1 (en) * | 2014-03-16 | 2015-09-28 | Janima Holding Aps | Combination product for bedding in animal husbandry. Product is manufactured as a traditional drying agent for housing and has been added to raw materials in the form of stomach stabilizing starch and fiber, as well as minerals that bind toxins. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU5261693A (en) | 1994-07-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PC | Assignment registered |
Owner name: AUSTECH STERILE RESOURCE RECOVERY PTY. LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER WAS: PHILIP WILLIAM KEMP, HEATH SUSAN KEMP, THOMAS HALL NOUGHER, MARJORIE JEAN NOUGHER |