AU676838B2 - Telescopic antenna - Google Patents

Description

WO 93/26013 PCT/AU93/00282 Title: TELESCOPIC ANTENNA FIELD OF INVENTION: This invention relates to flexible, telescopic antennas.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION: Antennas can take many forms depending upon their practical application and the wavelength(s) at which they are to operate. Two of the most useful general purpose types are the end-fed, multi-band antenna (or long wire type) and the vertical antenna.

A common feature of antenna systems has been the use of conductive metals to form the receiving and/or transmitting element(s). For example, vehicle antennas may be made from phosphorus bronze 0 or stainless steel.

Vehicle antennas of the rod type are commonly made from telescopic hollow metal tubes. Such antennas are usually made so that there is a degree of "slop" between the tubular components to allow for a distortion of the antenna during use, so that they may still be raised and lowered, Raising and S 000 lowering may be either manual or by means of an electric motor.

a Telescopic antennas for vehicles suffer from a number of disadvantages including ease of permanent bending out of shape or breaking or they may distort so that they no longer act telescopically. It is an object of the present invention to overcome or alleviate the disadvantages mentioned above.

Thus it would be desirable to provide a telescopic antenna which can readily be restored to its original shape and is resistant to permanent bending out of shape. Thus the invention seeks to provide an antenna which combines the ease of storage of a telescopic antenna with the flexibility and resistance to breakage of a whip antenna.

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BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: Accordingly this invention provides a flexible unitary rod ant 'na produced by a pultrusion process as hereinafter defined, wherein the antenna comprises a principal structural component based on a polymeric material, the polymeric material being associated with and/or impregnated with conductive material in the form of fibres and/or particles to form a matrix, the antenna being so constructed that the fibres and/or the particles provide the desired degree of the surface resistivity to the antenna element.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS: An example of an antenna according to the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in which.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross-section of a five-element telescopic antenna; Figures l(b) to l(e) are cross-sections of first (lowermost) to fourth elements respectively of the antenna; and Figure 2 is a longitudinal cross-section of the fifth (topmost) element.

It is possible to make strong carbon (graphite) fibres by pyrolysis, at 1500 0 C or above, of oriented S organic polymer fibres, for example, those of polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylate esters, such as rayon or cellulose. Such fibres can also be made from petroleum pitch. These fibres, when incorporated into structural components, impart high strength to the components. The various forms of graphite fibre have differing properties, for example, they may have an amorphous structure or polycrystalline structure. A suitable size range for such fibres is from 0.2mm to 13mm in length. Some forms of graphite may have a higher electrical conductivity than others and it is with these that we are principally concerned, The resistivity (the inverse conductivity) of certain commercially available carbon fibres may vary, for example from 18.0 pohm/m to 2.2 pohm/m or lower.

The fibres may be single fibres with lengths as suggested above but, in another embodiment, may be in the form of longer fibres either as separate fibres or in the form of rovings.

WO 3/26013 PCT/AU93/00282 3 It is preferred to use carbon panicles as the conductive p' sles. The carbon particles may be made by any suitable means such as those mentioned abu, for example, pyrolysis of carbon materials such as petroleum pitch. The panicles may be ground to any desired size by any suitable means and, as in the case of the fibres, are preferably chosen to have as high electrical conductivity as possible.

The carbon particles tend to enhance the surface resistivity of the component of which they forni a part and thereby improve the electrical contact between each of the elements of. for example, a telescopic antenna.

The carbon fibres chosen may be used to form rods or tubes by mixing the carbon fibres with, for example, epoxide or polyester resins. Fillers of various types may be added to the composition to improve such properties as tensile strength, scratchability etc. The rods may be used to make whip antennae and the tubes to make telescopic antennae. In the present invention, the rods may be used as part of the telescopic antenna.

The construction of the rods or tubes may be altered by the addition of reinforcing fibres such as fibreglass and Kevlar. For example, depending upon the process of fabrication used, the fibreglass may be added in the form of short fibres to the carbon fibre matrix or it may be wrapped around or within a carbon fibre tube together with the application of a suitable resin. Furthermore, parts of the telescopic tube antenna according to the invention may be replaced by metal components, of suitable conductivity, for example, to connect parts of the antenna or to act as a loading coil. as in a whip antenna comprising carbon fibres and particles. The outside of the antenna may also be chromed or coloured.

It should be noted that the additional reinforcing material may itself be conductive, for example, metal fibres may be used such as stainless steel fibres. An example of a suitable metal fibre is BEKI-SHIELD stainless steel fibre. Thus BEKI-SHIELD fibres of approximately 8 microns diameter may be used in rovings containing about 1,000 fibres.

I SUBSTITUTE SHEET 0 IC* WO 93/26013 PCT/A193/00282 4 !t has been found that current flow may be concentrated at or near the surface of a conductor. The conductive particles and/or fibres are desirably in such concentrations in the matrix that they either touch or are adjacent to each other so that current flow may occur either directly or by electrons "tunnelling" through the polymeric material.

The polymeric material which forms the resin is any suitable resin, for example, polyesters or vinylesters such as those used to form polyester tubes and rods.

A suitable polymeric material for use as a matrix is known as LURAN S made by BASF (an acrylonitrile/styrene/acrylate polymer also known as ASA) blended with a thermoplastic polyester such as poly(ethylene) or poly(butylene) terephthalate.

It may also be possible to use a polymer which is itself conductive as the polymeric matrix.

A telescopic tube antenna according to the invention may be made to close tolerances, avoiding problems caused by "slop" and reducing ingress of dirt and water, Such dirt and water ingress can cause damage to conventional antennas.

The electric motor of a self-extending antenna may be replaced by a pressure/vacuum connection to the engine so that the degree of extension of the antenna can be controlled without need for an electric motor.

Generally speaking the antennas according to the invention are lighter, and more flexible than conventional antennas and do not corrode. Thus antennas according to the invention may be increased in length as compared with conventional metal antennas increasing their operational flexibility. As well as being applicable to use in vehicles, they may also be used for portable radios and televisions.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET

M

The antenna elements are generally tubular except that the upper (inner) element may alternatively be a rod. The cross section of the tube or rod is preferably substantially round, but may be of any other suitable shape. Additional reinforcing materials may be used ranging from boron fibres to Kevlar and this reinforcing material may be orientated with respect to the polymeric matrix. The reinforcing material may also be applied to the outside of the polymeric matrix, for example, in the form of tape which is bonded to the polymeric matrix.

It may be desired to provide enhanced surface resistivity by the application to the surface(s) of a conductive, metallised coating or film.

The way according to the invention to introduce conductive carbon fibre material either into the polymeric matrix itself or onto its surface is to use the technique of pultrusion.

Pultrusion according to the invention involves: 1. Fibre volume and selected fibres which are selected to provide the correct mechanical and physical properties of the finished product including the desired degree of strength and flexural modulus and for their pultrusion processing properties.

2. A suitable thermosetting resin which is selected and which has appropriate physical and mechanical properties compatible with the pultrusion process and correct surface treatment of fibres and coupling agent (sizing) of fibres such that they provide adequate wetting and interaction between fibres, coupling agent and the resin. Fibre sizing and the resin matrix must be compatible. The catalyst and resin is selected as to reduce fibre delamination of the finished product.

1 Control of die temperature over the entire length of the die and including die wall temperatures is selected such that heating and curing of the product is adequate without excessive temperature variation together with controlled pull speed to maintain essential processes such as wetting out of fibres and curing and feeding mechanisms are suitably accomplished. A flying cut off saw is also employed for in-situ cut off so as to maintain on-line docking of the finished product to the desired length.

3. Fibre yams are selectively and correctly arranged on creels in such a manner as to prevent breakage or fraying of fibres from the feeding mechanisms during the pultrusion process with fibres packed evenly and consistently to prevent uneven stress accruing during the curing process, which would result in the permanent distortion and bowing of the finished product, ie straightness (measured in the millimetres per meter length of product).

4. Resin bath and wetting procedures are employed in a manner as to provide for the gentle handling of fibres so as to prevent fibres from becoming torn or damaged with excessive resin build up stripped off before the product enters the curing stage.

In this specification the word "flexible" denotes the ability to return or spring back into its original shape particularly when in its extended configuration.

In this example where the pultrusion processs was employed, the results are indicated below.

PCT/AU 93 0 02 8 2 RECEIVED 27 JUL 1994 6 The following test results were obtained: Flexural strength: 18.5M Pa Flexural modulus: 10,141 M Pa Tensile strength: 127.9M Pa Elongation: 3.3 Notched strength: 58.5 J/m Reverse notched strength: 319.5 J/m Heat deflection temperature: 219.7" C A metal bush or bushes may be inserted into one or each tubular element of an antenna according to the invention to improve hoop strength. Furthermore, a metal bush located at an end of such an element may help to capture a neighbouring element.

Turning now to the accompanying drawings, references to "carbon fibres", "carbon fibre tubular elements" etc refer to conductive material comprising such fibres and particles as described previously. Integer 1 indicates generally a telescopic antenna according to the invention. Integer 2 indicates an end rod of solid carbon fibre; integer 3 indicates a narrow bore carbon fibre tubular element; and integers 4, 5 and 6 carbon fibre tubular elements of successively wider diameters.

Integer 7 indicates an end knob on a first end of end rod 2, preferably formed from carbon fibre.

Integer 8 is a second end portion of rod 2 and integer 9 an outwardly directed metal bush around second end 8, which works in combination with inwardly directed bush 9A near a first end of tubular element 3, thus preventing rod 2 from withdrawal from tubular element 3. In turn, an outwardly diverted, spring-loaded flange means 10, neai a second end of tubular element 3, works in combination with an inwardly directed bush 1IA near a first end of tubular element 4.

Similarly, flange means 11, bush 11A, flange means 12 and bush 12A function in an analogous way in relation to the respective remaining tubular elements, providing capturing of the respective elements 4 and 5 to allow telescoping functioning of the antenna. Integer 101 is a longitudinal slot AMENDED SHEET

IPEA/AU

RPCrIA 93 0 28 ,2 RECEIVED 27 JUL s 41 *f 7 at one end of tubular element 3 which, in combination with other longitudinal slots (not shown), provide spring to flange means 10. Similar remarks may be made about slot 111 and flange mean, 11, slot 12 and flange means 121 and slot 13 and flange means 131.

Finally, wider bore spring-loaded flange means 13 provides electrical and/or mechanical connection of the antenna to the body of the vehicle. Integer 14 indicates one end of a geared nylon, push/pull drive, which is the mechanism chosen in this case to extend or retract the telescopic antenna according to the invention.

A series of contacts Inot shown) may also be associated with each spring-loaded flange means, providing electrical contact between the various elements of the antenna, each contact connecting the inside of neighbouring elements.

AMENDED SHEET

IPEA/AU

Claims (10)

1. A flexible, unitary rod antenna produced by a pultrusion process as defined herein, wherein the antenna comprises a principal structural component based on a polymeric material, dithe polymeric material being associated with and/or impregnated with conductive material in the form of fibres and/or particles to form a matrix, the antenna being so constructed that the fibres and/or the particles provide the desired degree of dithe surface resistivity to the antenna element.

2. An antenna according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the conductive particles and fibres are carbon of high electrical conductivity. o•,oo

3. An antenna according to claim 2, wherein fillers are added to the matrix to enhance desired physical properties.

4. An antenna according to claim 3, wherein reinforcing fibres are added to the matrix.

5. An antenna according to claim 4, wherein a conductive, metallised coating or film is applied to the surface(s) of the antenna to provide enhanced surface resistivity. An antenna according to claim 5, wherein the conductive fibres and/or the particles are in such S concentration in the matrix that they touch and/or are adjacent to each other so that current flow may occur directly and/or by electrons tunnelling through the polymeric material.

7. An antenna according to claim 6 wherein the polymeric material is a vinyl ester or an epoxy thermosetting resin or a thermosetting polyester. 9

8. An antenna according to claim 1, wherein fillers are added to the matrix to enhance desired physical properties.

9. An antenna according to claim 1, wherein reinforcing fibres are added to the matrix. An antenna according to claim 1, wherein a conductive metallised coating or film is applied to the surface(s) of the antenna to provide enhanced surface resistivity. S11. An antenna according to claim 1, wherein the conductive fibres and/or the particles are in such concentration in the matrix that they touch and/or are adjacent to each other so that current flow may occur directly and/or by electrons tunnelling through the polymeric material.

12. An antenna according to claim 1, wherein the polymeric material is a vinyl ester or an epoxy th~rmnrPtinr rein nr a thprmnnottnr nnlv~et.r. *g

13.An antenna as defined in any one of the preceding claims, substantially as herein described. Dated this 23rd day of January 1997. ROBERT LENES MATTHEWS BY his Patent Attorney JAMES MURRAY CO I