AU686100B2 - Organic geotextile - Google Patents
Organic geotextile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU686100B2 AU686100B2 AU40531/93A AU4053193A AU686100B2 AU 686100 B2 AU686100 B2 AU 686100B2 AU 40531/93 A AU40531/93 A AU 40531/93A AU 4053193 A AU4053193 A AU 4053193A AU 686100 B2 AU686100 B2 AU 686100B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- scrim
- layer
- geotextile
- soil
- fibres
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 240000000491 Corchorus aestuans Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000011777 Corchorus aestuans Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000010862 Corchorus capsularis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007472 Leucaena leucocephala Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010643 Leucaena leucocephala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007767 bonding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009950 felting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/024—Woven fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2410/00—Agriculture-related articles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
OPI DATE 30/12/93 AOJP DATE 10/03/94 APPLN. ID 40531/93 liiIII1111 ii111111III PCT NUMBER PCT/AU93/00237 tI II I I I iii 11111111 11111111 11111 INI AUJ934 0531 INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (51) International Patent Classification 5 (ItI) International Publication Number: WO 93/24315 B32B 15/26, 9/02 3/91 /0A (43) inernational Publication Date: 9 December 1993 (09.12.93) (21) International Application Number: PCT/AU93/00237 (81) Designated States: AT, AU, BB, BG, BR, CA, CH, CZ, DE, DK, ES, Fl, GB, HU, JP, KP, KR, LK, LU, MG, (22) International Filing Date: 24 May 1993 (24.05.93) MN, MW, NL, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SK, UA, US, European patent (AT, BE, CH-, DE, DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE), OAP! pa.
Priority data: tent (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN ML, MR, NE, PL 2579 22 May 1992 (22.05.92) AU SN, TD, TG).
(71) Applicant (for all designated States except f/SI: UNITED Published BONDED FABRICS PTY. LTD. trading as FELT With international search report.
TRADERS [AU/AU]; 75 Araluen Street, Kedron, QLD 4031 (AU).
(72) Inventor; and i i Inventor/Applicant (for US oniji) DE FINA, Mark, Alfred [AU/AU]; 75 Araluen Street, Kedron, QLD '1031 (AU).
(74) Agent: AHEARN, Thomas, Gipps; Ahearns, G.P.O. Box 185, Brisbane, QLD 4001 (AU).
(54)Title: ORGANIC GEOTEXTILE (57) Abstract An organic geotextile for soil stabilisation comprising a first layer of fine, intertwining fibres secured to a woven scrim constituting a second layer, said organic geotextile being adapted to be applied to an area of soil as a mat which serves to dissipate the hydraulic impact of rain drops and absorbs water whereby run off is reduced, deep infiltration of water into the soil is promoted and the soil is protected from rainfall erosion.
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,3 L3 Pr gC': 1 ORGANIC GEOTEXTILE TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention is concerned with geotextiles and more particularly, with geotextiles for soil stabilisation.
BACKGROUND ART Erosion is a significant problem on unvegetated land, particularly if it slopes steeply, where water runs over that land. Any significant rainfall is likely to run off the land causing rainfall and wash erosion. Particularly susceptible areas are river and creek banks and road cuttings.
It is well known that a slope which is subject to erosion can be stabilised if vegetation can be established on the slope, but vegetation will not establish itself when the top soil is being washed away periodically. A number of proposals to stabilise erosion banks using matting based on sugarcane bagasse, wood, wool or coconut fibres and including additives such as binding agents have had limited success.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION It is the object of the present invention to overcome or substantially ameliorate the above disadvantages.
There is disclosed herein an organic geotextile for soil stabilisation comprising a first layer of fine, intertwining fibres secured to a woven scrim constituting a second layer, said organic geotextile being adapted to be applied to an area of soil as a mat which serves to dissipate the hydraulic impact of rain drops and absorbs water whereby run off is reduced, deep infiltration of water into the soil is promoted and the soil is protected from rainfall erosion, and wherein the geotextile has a density of between 600 g/m 2 and /00 g/m 2 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention said first layer consists of a web of teased jute fibres and the scrim is a jute scrim. Preferably said third layer, where present, also consists of a web of teased jute fibres.
In order to prepare the preferred geotextile described above, jute fibre is teased through a web forming machine such as a "Garnet" or a "Card". The web is then 30 "lapped" on an "apron" and the jute scrim (which is woven in a separate operation) is laid on the web of jute fibre. The web with the scrim laid on top is then processed through a "needle punching machine". This machine comprises a plurality of barbed needles which move up and down through the web of jute fibre and have the effect of re-orientating certain individual jute fibres from the horizontal plane to the vertical plane thereby mechanically bonding the fibres together and joining the scrim to the web. This process is known as "felting" or needle punching. It is preferred that no bonding agent be added.
The product is then trimmed to the desired width and thickness and cut into the desired length. Conveniently, the geotextile is sold in a roll 25-30 metres long by 1.83 metres wide and 3.0 millimetres thick, by way of example.
4, INALH3LL1OI160:KE11 2 The jute used to form the teased jute fibre can come from a variety of sources such as new or recycled hessian fabric or bagging, compressed bales of jute fibre known as "caddies" or jute hessian off cuts known as "gunny cuttings". Any of these may be used individually or in combination.
Preferably, the geotextile is fixed to the ground to ensure it remains in place.
Pinning the geotextile at intervals to the ground also ensures that vigorous plant species such as millet do not lift the geotextile cover as they grow thereby reducing its effectiveness as an erosion control agent. Typically, pins would be driven in every 600- 700 mm on a gentle slop and every 400 mm on a steeper slope at the joins between each roll of geotextile used or at a rate so stipulated by a site engineer or similar. Each roll would also be pinned with one pin on a gentle slope and two pins on a steeper slope in the centre of the roll at the same intervals as at the joins. At the top of a slope to be stabilised the cover may be pinned in a trench which is then filled in to hold the cover more securely. At the bottom of the slope the cover should be folded under the toe of the slope and secured under rocks where possible or pinned.
The ground may be pretreated by grading, filling and associated earthworks, then provided with top soil, desired seed and fertiliser prior to covering the ground with the geotextile cover. It uld then be expected that vegetation will appear through the cover within one to two weeks if a vigorous species such as millet is chosen. Preferably, a mixture of fast growing species such as millet and more desirable species such as couch, acacia, eucalypt, etc. is used. Tree and shrub species may be planted in seed form under the mat or, once the vegetation or grass is established, by cutting holes in the cover and planting them in those holes.
The geotextile is nominally 6 mm thick, has preferably an overall density of about 620g/m 2 and is thus sufficiently dense that it provides a physical barrier to weed growth as well as preventing sunlight reaching any weeds already growing in the vicinity of the young trees. Competition for nutrients and sunlight is therefore reduced and growth of the trees is enhanced. The growth of trees on land susceptible to erosion further serves to stabilise that land but the method of enhancing the growth of young trees according to the present invention is not limited to that application and is generally applicable to gardening and horticulture.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In order to more fully describe the invention reference will now be made to the accompanying drawing in which is a schematic diagram providing a partially exploded view of one illustrative example of a geotextile in accordance with the present invention suitable for use as a weed barrier.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The drawing illustrates a geotextile 20 having a top layer 23 and a bottom layer 22 5 of teased jute fibre. Each of the layers is attached to the middle layer 21 which is a jute scrim, although layer 23 is shown spaced froin the scrim so that the location of the scrim (N:\LIBLLIOI 160:KC13 3 can be seen. The product is nominally 6 mm thick, has a density of 620g/m 2 and is to be referred to throughout the specification as "Jutemaster TM".
xampes Example 1 Materials Jutemaster TM was subjected to a rainfall simulator evaluation using a soil which has been shown to be highly erodible. It is hard setting sand loam about 10 cm deep, overlying a dense clay which becomes increasingly sodic with depth. It has the following physical and chemical characteristics.
Soil type: sodic red brown earth Clay content: 26% Silt content: 14% Sand content: pH: 7.1 Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC): 16 meg/100g Rainfall Simulated rainfall using a rotating disc rainfall simulator was applied for 30 minutes at 65 mm/h and 15 minutes at 130 mm/h. The high intensities were chosen to highlight the effectiveness of the geotextile against typical short, heavy storm in northern Australia.
The occurrence of 30 minutes of rain at 65 mm/h would be an annual event in most parts 15 of Queensland. The 130 mm/h rain represents exceptional but not unusual storms in the tropics.
The total rainfall for the low and high intensities were 16.3 and 32.5 mm respectively.
Slope Gradient 20 Three gradients were tested: 3:1, 4:1 and 10:1. These gradients cover the range of slopes often requiring geotextile materials for stabilisation.
Sample Preparation After removing large rocks and foreign materials, the soil was firmly packed into galvanised steel boxes (250 mm wide, 450 mm long and 75 mm deep). The soil surface was covered completely by either Jutemaster FM o TM.
The boxes were filled with special spouts to collect runoff water and were tilted to the required gradients on a stand. For each similar run, two boxes were used.
Replication Each treatment (geotextile grade X gradient) was replicated twice.
Data Cllection For each run the following data were collected: Runoff rate S Total runoff JN:\LDLLIOI 160;K111 Total soil movement Depth of wetting at 30 cm from the collecting spout From these results, water infiltration rate, total infiltration and rainfall before runoff were calculated Results on water runoff and soil moisture test Surface runoff: Following rain the amount of water that cannot be absorbed by the soil will run off, the runoff quantity depends greatly on the surface cover, soil roughness and land slopes. Results from Table 1 clearly show that Jutemaster TM reduces runoff greatly, particularly under high rainfall intensity.
Under low rainfall intensity conditions, where minimum runoff would be expected on bare soil surface, runoff was reduced by up to 80% under Jutemaster TM on all slope gradients.
The uniformity of the results between replications indicates that the variation s1 in mat density is minimal and quality control is satisfactory.
Table 1. Runoff as a percentage of total rain.
SLOPE GRADIENTS RAINFALL SURFACE 10:1 4:1 3:1 INTENSITY COVER Bare 33 23 Low (65 mm/h) TM 7 6 8 Bare 52 42 39 High (130 mm/h) TM 3 2 (ii) Water infiltration: Water infiltration into the soil depends greatly on the soil surface cover which protects the roughness of soil surface (soil surface structure) and also to slow down the 20 movement of water thus enhancing the water entry/absorption to the soil.
Results shown in Table 2 demonstrate the effectiveness of Jutemaster TM in improving water infiltration to the soil. Almost total absorption was recorded under both low and high rainfall intensities and at all three gradients for both grades. This can be explained by the fact that surface soil structure under Jutemaster remained almost intact after 30 minutes of rain while the bare soil surface structure was completely destroyed.
S o 6 e e~ INALIILLIOI 160:1C(11 Table 2: Water infiltration as a percentage ol' rainfall.
SLOPE GRADIENTS RAINFALL SURFACE 10:1 4:1 3:1 INTENSITY COVER Bare 67 77 Low (65 mm/h) TM 93 94 92 Bare 48 58 61 High (130 mm/h) TM 97 98 (iii) Time before runoff occurred: The results presented above can best be seen in terms of the time elapsed before runoff occurred. Table 3 shows that under low intensity rainfall (65 mm/h) runoff occurred approximately 13 minutes after rain on bare soil on all slope gradients. Under high rainfall intensity (130 mm/h) runoff occurred only 7 minutes after rain.
However, when soils surface was protected by Jutemaster TM, no runoff occurred at the end of the experimental periods (30 for low intensity and 15 minutes for high intensity rainfall). Both soil erosion and soil moisture levels are inversely related to runoff quantity and rate. These results further indicate the suitability of both grades of Jutemaster in soil erosion control.
Table 3: Time (minutes) before runoff occurred.
SLOPE GRADIENTS RAINFALL SURFACE 10:1 4:1 3:1 INTENSITY COVER Bare 10 16 12 Low (65 mm/h) TM 30+ 30+ Bare 7 8 7 High (130 mm/h) TM 15+ 15+ and 30+ indicating no runoff occurred at the end of the experimental periods of 15 and 30 minutes respectively.
(iv) Depth of wetting: Soil protected by Jutemaster TM was almost completely saturated with water under both rainfall intensities and all three gradients. These are in sharp contrast with the bare soil where only up to two thirds of the soil profile were wet (Table 4).
0*
S
0SSOS
S
INALIBLL 160 K13 6 Table 4: Wetting depth 30 cm from the collection spouts.
SLOPE GRADIENTS RAINFALL SURFACE 10:1 4:1 3:1 INTENSITY COVER__ Bare 50 50 mm/h) TM 75+ 75+ Bare 40 45 High (130 mm/h) TM 75+ 75+ Completely saturated.
Results on soil loss Results on Table 5 clearly show that Jutemaster TM was highly effective against soil erosion. When soil surface was bare, soil losses increased as slope gradient increased particularly under high rainfall intensity. When the surface was protected by TM grades, soil losses were virtually stopped even under high rainfall intensity.
Table 5: Soil concentration in runoff water SLOPE GRADIENTS RAINFALL SURFACE 10:1 4:1 3:1 INTENSITY COVER Bare 12.5 51.1 60.8 Low (65 mm/h) TM 0 0 0 Bare 154.6 236.3 253.5 High (130 mm/h) TM 0 0 0 rrr r
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Claims (8)
1. An organic geotextile for soil stabilisation comprising a first layer of fine, intertwining fibres secured to a woven scrim constituting a second layer, said organic geotextile being adapted to be applied to an area of soil as a mat which serves to dissipate the hydraulic impact of rain drops and absorbs water whereby run off is reduced, deep infiltration of water into the soil is promoted and the soil is protected from rainfall erosion, and wherein the geotextile has a density of between 600 g/m 2 and 700 g/m 2
2. An organic geotextile as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a third layer of fine, intertwining fibres secured to the scrim on the other side of the scrim to said first layer.
3. An organic geotextile as claimed in claim 2 wherein the scrim, said first layer and said third layer are of sufficiently high density that vegetation cannot penetrate said organic geotextile.
4. An organic geotextile as claimed in claim 2 or 3 having a density of about 620 g/m 2 An organic geotextile according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein said first layer consists of a web of teased jute fibres.
6. An organic geotextile as claimed in claim 2 wherein said third layer consists of a web of ttased jute fibres. S 20 7. An organic geotextile as claimed in claim 5 or claim 6 wherein the scrim is a jute scrim.
8. An organic geotextile according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein said first layer is secured to the scrim by re-orienting certain of the fibres from an orientation entirely within the respective layers to an orientation extending from the respective layers 25 into the scrim.
9. An organic geotextile as claimed in claim 2 wherein said third layer is secured to the scrim by re-orienting certain of the fibres from an orientation entirely within the respective layers to an orientation extending from the respective layers into the scrim.
10. An organic geotextile as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9 wherein the fibres are 3o re-orientated in a needle punching operation. Dated 30 October, 1997 United Bonded Fabrics Pty Ltd t/as Felt Traders Patent Attorneys for the Applicant/Nominated Person SPRUSON FERGUSON [N:\LIBLLO 160:KEr
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPL2579 | 1992-05-22 | ||
| AUPL257992 | 1992-05-22 | ||
| PCT/AU1993/000237 WO1993024315A1 (en) | 1992-05-22 | 1993-05-24 | Organic geotextile |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU65630/96A Addition AU686053B2 (en) | 1996-09-13 | 1996-09-13 | Organic geotextile |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU4053193A AU4053193A (en) | 1993-12-30 |
| AU686100B2 true AU686100B2 (en) | 1998-02-05 |
Family
ID=3776181
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU40531/93A Expired AU686100B2 (en) | 1992-05-22 | 1993-05-24 | Organic geotextile |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0669870A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU686100B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2136422A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1993024315A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9602138D0 (en) * | 1996-02-02 | 1996-04-03 | Knight Austin | A flexible structure for reinforcing earthworks |
| GB2352751B (en) * | 1999-08-03 | 2003-08-06 | Graham Howard Chaplin | The system for the arrestment stabilisation and natural reinstatement of soft cliff erosion |
| MA31877B1 (en) * | 2009-05-27 | 2010-12-01 | Laasri Laila | Biodegradable geotextiles with natural fibers extracted from Allied and Dom plants |
| CN106233841A (en) * | 2016-07-30 | 2016-12-21 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of salt discharging pipe containing non-woven fabrics pervious bed and the application in the salt discharge of salt-soda soil thereof |
| CN106211836A (en) * | 2016-07-30 | 2016-12-14 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of hidden pipe salt discharge method and the application in the sulfate type alkaline land improving of northwest thereof |
| CN108127986B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2024-03-22 | 波力尔（北京）科技发展有限公司 | Composite reinforced cement liner and preparation method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU4200068A (en) * | 1968-08-12 | 1970-02-19 | Montecatini Edisons. P. A | Nonwoven fabrics and process for preparing same |
| JPS54148088A (en) * | 1978-05-12 | 1979-11-19 | Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd | Asphalt waterproof base |
| GB2174336A (en) * | 1985-04-24 | 1986-11-05 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Cover blankets for oil booms |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL7306678A (en) * | 1972-11-17 | 1974-05-21 | ||
| DE2537056C3 (en) * | 1975-08-18 | 1982-02-11 | Volker F.W. 2000 Hamburg Zimmermann | Ground cover for plantings, tree nurseries or the like. |
| JPS58983B2 (en) * | 1978-07-24 | 1983-01-08 | 三井化学株式会社 | Asphalt waterproof base material |
| AU539158B2 (en) * | 1980-01-23 | 1984-09-13 | Munters Pty Limited | Erosion control |
| US4353946A (en) * | 1981-03-13 | 1982-10-12 | Seasonmakers Pty. (Australia) Lts | Erosion control means |
| AU574151B2 (en) * | 1984-04-13 | 1988-06-30 | Fibertex Pty. Ltd. | Erosion control blanket |
| NZ209914A (en) * | 1984-08-02 | 1986-07-11 | Seasonmakers Australia Pty Ltd | Soil erosion control blanket:stitched mat of woodwool |
| DE3631716C5 (en) * | 1986-09-18 | 2006-04-06 | Behrens, Wolfgang | Support structure for a vegetation and method for producing a support structure |
| IT216762Z2 (en) * | 1989-07-19 | 1991-10-03 | Alcantara Spa | COUPLED ITEM, CONTAINING A LAYER OF NON-WOVEN MICROFIBROUS MATERIAL, USEFUL IN THE FURNITURE AND TRANSPORT SECTOR. |
| AU640204B2 (en) * | 1990-03-13 | 1993-08-19 | Environmental Enterprises Australia Pty Ltd | Erosion matting |
| AT393931B (en) * | 1990-04-03 | 1992-01-10 | Schoeller Textil Hard Ges M B | EROSION PROTECTION AND PLANT MAT |
| US5226255A (en) * | 1990-11-27 | 1993-07-13 | Grass Ventures, Ltd. | Plant mat and method |
| AU634105B2 (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 1993-02-11 | Foreshore Protection Pty Limited | Revetment fabric |
| DE4135714A1 (en) * | 1991-10-30 | 1992-06-04 | Gefa Produkte Fabritz Gmbh | Water-storing soil or erosion protection mat - comprises fibrous organic material, cellular fabric underlay and contains mixt. of seeds and organic copolymer water storage medium |
-
1993
- 1993-05-24 WO PCT/AU1993/000237 patent/WO1993024315A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-05-24 CA CA002136422A patent/CA2136422A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-05-24 AU AU40531/93A patent/AU686100B2/en not_active Expired
- 1993-05-24 EP EP93909685A patent/EP0669870A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU4200068A (en) * | 1968-08-12 | 1970-02-19 | Montecatini Edisons. P. A | Nonwoven fabrics and process for preparing same |
| JPS54148088A (en) * | 1978-05-12 | 1979-11-19 | Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd | Asphalt waterproof base |
| GB2174336A (en) * | 1985-04-24 | 1986-11-05 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Cover blankets for oil booms |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU4053193A (en) | 1993-12-30 |
| EP0669870A1 (en) | 1995-09-06 |
| CA2136422A1 (en) | 1993-12-09 |
| EP0669870A4 (en) | 1995-07-17 |
| WO1993024315A1 (en) | 1993-12-09 |
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