AU698356B2

AU698356B2 - Disinfection and cleaning of contact lenses

Info

Publication number: AU698356B2
Application number: AU70836/96A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Flemming Mark Christensen; Thomas Lykke Sorensen
Original assignee: Novo Nordisk AS
Current assignee: Novo Nordisk AS
Priority date: 1995-09-25
Filing date: 1996-09-24
Publication date: 1998-10-29
Anticipated expiration: 2016-09-24
Also published as: CA2231845A1; JPH11512834A; EP0999857A1; AU7083696A; WO1997011722A1; CN1197397A

Description

Title: Disinfection and cleaning of contact lenses

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a one-step method for disin¬ fecting and cleaning contact lenses of the type using hydrogen peroxide as the disinfecting agent, a protease as the cleaning agent and a catalase for neutralizing the hydrogen peroxide in the aqueous disinfecting solution.

Further, the invention relates to a tablet or capsule suitable for one-step disinfection and cleaning, a one-step disinfection and cleaning system and further a one-step procedure for disin- fection and cleaning contact lenses.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Quite a lot of people today prefer wearing contact lenses to glasses. Some people use contact lenses for aesthetic reasons, as they believe that glasses make them look awkward. Other people value the freedom of movement that contact lenses give, which is advantageous when e .g. playing a game of soccer or attending a high-impact aerobics class. Then again some people just do not like the inconvenience of polishing greasy glasses.

Even though contact lenses have been improved during the last decades and posses many advantages in comparison to glasses, contact lenses still need to be disinfected and cleaned period¬ ically, in most cases every day, to avoid infections and discomfort for the wearer.

The development of products for disinfection and cleaning of contact lenses have made the "daily task" easier. However, most contact lens users still regard the disinfection and cleaning task as a troublesome task. Whether the contact lenses are hard or soft, opticians usually recommend to disinfect the lenses daily and clean them weekly.

Disinfection prevent growth of bacteria on the surface of the contact lenses which might lead to infection of the eyes and making it impossible to wear contact lenses for days.

Cleaning is normally performed by an enzyme capable of degrad- ing debris and/or soil build up on the contact lenses surface. These deposits reduce the wearing comfort as only a reduced amount of oxygen is capable of penetrating the contact lenses to the eyes, and as the friction between the eyes and the contact lenses is increased.

After a cleaning and/or disinfection procedure the contact lenses need to be rinsed thoroughly to remove all enzymatic activity and/or disinfecting agent, e .g. by using a physi¬ ological saline solution.

In the case of the disinfecting agent being hydrogen peroxide a number of catalases have been known to be used as neutralizing agents.

Catalases E.C. 1.11.1.6 (Enzyme Nomenclature, Academic Press, Inc, 1992) are enzymes which catalyze the conversion of hydro¬ gen peroxide (H₂O₂) to water (H₂O) and oxygen (0₂) .

A plethora of methods for disinfection and cleaning of contact lenses are known. Proteases are often used for cleaning contact lenses as described in US patent no. 3,910,296 (Allergan) .

CA 1,146,881 (Bedding) concerns a method for cleaning contact lenses using enzymes, where the cleaning procedure is followed by rinsing of the lenses, e .g. with saline, to remove active enzymes from the lens. US patent no. 4,670,178 (Allergan) discloses a method for simultaneous cleaning and disinfection of contact lenses with a protease in hydrogen peroxide. The cleaning is effected by presence of protease activity and shown to be very efficient. After the cleaning and disinfection procedure the activity of the disinfecting and cleaning agent need to be removed from the lenses before use.

EP patent application no. 147,100 (Ciba Geigy) concerns clean¬ ing and disinfection of contact lenses with a hydrogen peroxide solution in the presence of a solid sustained release composi¬ tion which slowly releases a peroxide inactivator. The lenses may be treated with a wetting or comfort solution before inserting into the eyes. However, cleaning and disinfection with hydrogen peroxide does not remove proteinaceous deposits effectively from the surface of the contact lenses.

WO 86/07264 (Kellway Pharm. Ltd.) describes a method for disinfection and cleaning of contact lenses with hydrogen peroxide using a catalase immobilized in a container for neutralization of the hydrogen peroxide. This way excess hydrogen peroxide is decomposed without washing and rinsing.

WO 93/17721 (Genencor Int. Inc.) describes an improved method for cleaning and disinfection of contact lenses comprising disinfection with hydrogen peroxide and decomposition of the residual hydrogen peroxide in the solution with catalase enzyme (CatR) derived from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger.

WO 95/02044 (Novo Nordisk A/S) concerns two acidic proteases active in the presence of hydrogen peroxide in concentrations up to as high as 5 wt.%. Example 5 of said application de¬ scribes cleaning and disinfection of contact lenses using one of said acidic proteases as the cleaning agent and hydrogen peroxide as the disinfecting agent. Further, it is mentioned that catalase may be used for neutralization of the hydrogen peroxide .

Cleaning and disinfection of contact lenses is regarded as a troublesome daily task by most contact lens wearer. Further, prior art methods for disinfection and cleaning of contact lenses are not very safe and consumer convenient as the risk of e.g. forgetting a step is very much present, as at least two not continuous steps need to be carried out.

Therefore, there is a need for more safe and consumer conveni¬ ent disinfection and cleaning methods and systems. A one-step disinfecting and cleaning systems for contact lenses would in¬ crease the safety and consumer convenience.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to facilitate the daily troublesome task of disinfecting and cleaning contact lenses and to make the task more safe to perform.

In the first aspect the invention relates to a one-step method for disinfection and cleaning of contact lenses comprising the steps: a) disinfection of the contact lenses in an aqueous disin- fecting solution comprising from 1 wt.% to 5 wt.% hydrogen peroxide at a pH not acceptable to the eyes, b) cleaning the contact lenses by subjecting the contact lenses to a protease being inactivated within a period of time at a pH level not acceptable to the eyes, c) neutralization of the hydrogen peroxide in the aqueous disinfecting solution with a microbial catalase being substan¬ tially active at pH 3.0 to 7.0, d) adjusting the pH in the aqueous disinfecting solution to a pH level acceptable to the eyes.

The invention also relates to a tablet or capsule for disin¬ fection and cleaning of contact lenses, wherein the tablet is a multi-layer tablet, comprising i) a protease being irreversibly inactivated within a period of time in an aqueous disinfecting solution at a pH level not ac¬ ceptable to the eyes, and ii) a microbial catalase being substantially active at pH 3.0 to 7.0, iii) an agent capable of adjusting the disinfecting solution to a pH acceptable to the eyes.

The invention is also directed toward a one-step system for disinfection and cleaning of contact lenses comprising a) an aqueous disinfecting solution comprising 1 wt.% to 5 wt.% hydrogen peroxide, and b) a tablet or capsule comprising i) a protease being irreversibly inactivated within a period of time in the aqueous disinfecting solution at a pH level not acceptable to the eyes, and ii) a microbial catalase being substantially active at pH 3.0 to 7.0, iϋ) an agent capable of adjusting the aqueous disinfecting solution to a pH acceptable to the eyes.

Finally the invention relates to a one-step procedure for disinfection and cleaning of contact lenses, comprising the steps of

1) soaking the contact lenses in a fixed amount of an aqueous disinfecting solution comprising 1 wt.% to 5 wt.% hydrogen per¬ oxide, and

2) adding a tablet of the invention, and 3) storing the contact lenses in the aqueous disinfecting solu¬ tion for a period of time.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to facilitate the daily troublesome task of disinfecting and cleaning contact lenses and to make the task more safe to perform. In the context of the present invention disinfection and cleaning of contact lenses is of the type involving the steps: a) disinfection of the contact lenses in an aqueous solution comprising between 1 wt.% and 5 wt.% hydrogen peroxide, espe¬ cially 3 wt.% hydrogen peroxide, and b) cleaning the contact lenses with a protease to remove debris and/or soil, and c) neutralization of the hydrogen peroxide in the aqueous disinfecting solution with a catalase.

The present inventors have solved some of the problems of prior art disinfecting and cleaning systems by providing a more safe consumer convenient system.

A more safe and consumer convenient disinfecting and cleaning system means that the system, in comparison to corresponding prior art systems using the same above mentioned principles, have at least one of the following the following advantages: - reduces or eliminates the risk of using the system incorrectly (i.e. the system is more safe to use) ; facilitates the disinfection and cleaning task for the contact lens user (i.e. more easy to use); - reduces the amount of steps to be performed by the contact lens user (i.e. less work to be done and less time are needed to perform the disinfection and cleaning task) .

The present invention can be used for disinfection and cleaning of all types of contact lenses including hard, soft, rigid gas permeable lenses and silicone lenses etc..

The basic principle of the present invention is to use a suit¬ able protease which is inactivated in the aqueous disinfecting solution during cleaning, due to e . g . pH influence, temperature influence or the like. Before being completely inactivated the protease must have had sufficient time and sufficient enzyme activity to clean the contact lenses. It is to be understood that it is within the scope of the invention to use the disinfection and cleaning principle of the invention for corresponding disinfecting and cleaning proce- dures including separate disinfecting and cleaning (i.e. two- step methods) .

In the first aspect the invention relates to a one-step method for disinfection and cleaning of contact lenses comprising the steps: a) disinfection of the contact lenses in an aqueous disinfec¬ ting solution comprising from 1 wt.% to 5 wt.% hydrogen per¬ oxide at a pH not acceptable to the eyes, b) cleaning the contact lenses by subjecting the contact lenses to a protease being inactivated within a period of time at a pH level not acceptable to the eyes, c) neutralization of the hydrogen peroxide in the aqueous dis¬ infecting solution with a microbial catalase being substanti¬ ally active at pH 3.0 to 7.0, d) adjusting the pH in the aqueous disinfecting solution to a pH level acceptable to the eyes.

A pH level not acceptable to the eyes means in the context of the present invention a pH within the ranges from about pH 8.0 to 13.0 and within the range about pH 1.0 to 6.0. A pH level acceptable to the eyes means a pH within the range from between about pH 6.0 to 8.0.

The above method of the invention may be performed in any of the following step sequences: i) a)-b)-c)-d) , or ii) a)-c)-b)-d), or iii) a)-b)-d)-c), or iv) a)-b)/c)-d), wherein step b) and step c) are performed simultaneously. In a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention the aqueous disinfecting solution is a conventional commercial disinfecting solution comprising about 3 wt.% hydrogen peroxide at pH 3.5 (e.g. Oxysept®l from Allegan) .

At least in the context of the present invention "one-step" disinfection and cleaning means that the contact lens user's task consists of one continuous step only, which can be per¬ formed within few seconds and without any additional steps before the contact lenses are ready to wear.

The combined daily disinfection and cleaning makes the recom¬ mended weekly cleaning superfluous, as the amount of build-up debris and/or soil on the contact lenses' surfaces are dimin- ished considerably. The daily disinfection and cleaning results in improved wearing comfort.

According to the invention all the present protease activity must be irreversibly inactivated within a fixed period of time to be defined.

If, for instance, the protease in question is to be irreversib¬ ly inactivated within a very short period of time the amount of protease must be relatively large to ensure cleaning of the contact lenses before complete inactivation of the protease. If, in contrast hereto, the protease in question is to be inactivated very slowly over a longer period of time only a very little amount of protease is needed.

The inactivation period for the protease may be from about 1 to 10 minutes to about 1, 2, 3 and no more than 4 hours.

A reduced amount of protease is needed when cleaning daily in comparison to cleaning weekly. The optimal amount of active protease to be added to the aqueous disinfecting solution to effectively clean the contact lenses before all protease activity has been inactivated by pH inactivation can easily be determined by a person skilled in the art.

Contemplated amounts of protease lies in the range from 0.5 μg to 50 μg preferably 1 μg to 25 μg, especially 2 μg to 10 μg enzyme protein/ml.

The protease used according to the invention may be any neu¬ tral, acidic or alkaline protease being irreversibly inac¬ tivated within a period of time (see above) in a disinfecting solution at a pH not acceptable to the eyes.

For instance, if the protease is an alkaline (or neutral) protease the pH of the aqueous disinfecting solution should be acidic in order to irreversible inactivate the protease.

Suitable proteases can be εelected from the group comprising serine proteases, aspartic proteases, cysteine proteases and metallo proteases.

Also contemplated as suitable is truncated, modified or vari¬ ants proteases of the above listed groups.

Examples of preferred serine proteases are trypεins, chymo- trypsins and alkalophilic subtilisins.

Most preferred are the Bacillus derived alkaline serine pro¬ teases, such as subtilisin A, subtilisin BPN', subtilisin Carlsberg, subtilisin PB92, subtilisin 309, subtilisin 147, subtilisin 168, subtilisin DY, aqualysin or thermitase, trun- cations, modification and variants thereof.

Examples of cysteine proteases include papain and bro elain.

To the group of suitable metallo proteases are e . g . Neutrase® and collagenase. Examples of aspartic proteases are e .g. pepsin A, pepsin B, pepsin C, chymosin, cathepsin B and renin.

Bovine liver catalases have normally been chosen for neutral- ization of hydrogen peroxide solutions for disinfection of con¬ tact lenses. However, due to fear that a slow-virus disease (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) ) , which have been iden¬ tified in European cattle herds, might spread to man, a need to find an alternative to bovine liver catalase have been sought.

The risk of spreading the slow-virus disease to man can be avoided by using microbial catalases,, such as catalases deri¬ vable from bacteria, filamentous fungi or yeasts.

The stability of microbial catalases, such as e . g. the micro¬ bial catalases mentioned below, are better at acidic pHs in comparison to "standard" bovine liver catalase. Consequently it is advantageous to use microbial catalases for neutralization of hydrogen peroxide in disinfecting solutions for contact lenses with an acidic pH.

A few such suitable microbial catalases have been suggested for contact lens purposes. Catalases derived from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger have even been shown to posses prop- erties which makes them superior to bovine liver catalases.

Aspergillus niger produces two catalases designated Catalase-A (CatA) and Catalase-R (CatR) . CatR is four time as effective than "standard" bovine liver catalase in application requiring neutralization of a concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution. In other words CatR neutralizes hydrogen peroxide in conventional disinfecting solution (i.e. 3 wt.% H₂θ , pH 3.5) much faster than standard bovine liver catalase. Further, CatR is more stable than bovine liver catalase toward proteolysis, extreme pH, temperature, hydrogen peroxide and inactivation by glu¬ taraldehyde, SDS, etc. (see WO 93/17721 from Genencor) . Furthermore, CatR is substantially active at pH in the presence of 3 wt.% hydrogen peroxide from at least pH 3.0 and 7.0, while the activity of conventional bovine liver catalase decreases drastically from pH 7.0 toward pH 3.0.

According to the present invention it has been found that a microbial catalase being substantially active at pH 3.0 to 7.0, preferably at pH 3.0 to 4.5, may advantageously be used for neutralization of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous disinfecting solutions for contact lenses together with a protease being irreversibly inactivated within a period of time in the disin¬ fecting solution at a pH not acceptable to the eyes. Example 1 shows that Subtilisin A is a such suitable protease.

"A catalase being substantially active" at pH 3.0 to 7.0, preferably 3.0 to 4.5, defines a catalase having a relative enzymatic activity within said pH-ranges (pH-optimum defines 100%) higher than 60%, better 70%, even better more than 80%, such as 90%, and in the best case up to about 100%.

The combination of a protease being inactivated within a period of time at a pH level not acceptable to the eyes and a microbi¬ al catalase for disinfection and cleaning of contact lenses results in a very fast one-step process and a system being very safe and consumer convenient.

Further, said combination secure that the one-step method of the invention results in a fast and efficient disinfection of the contact lenses, as the protease removes the soil matrix in which the bacteria (to be killed by the hydrogen peroxide) are present. Consequently, due to this the accessibility for the hydrogen peroxide to the bacteria is very good. As the microbi¬ al catalase is active within a broad pH range the neutraliz- ation can occur immediately reducing the period of time needed for performing the total disinfecting and cleaning task. The microbial catalase may advantageously be any of the cata¬ lases mentioned above, such as an Aspergillus niger catalase, in particular CatR.

The microbial catalase may also be the Aspergillus niger catalase disclosed by Novo Nordisk A/S in 1990 for neutraliza¬ tion of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous disinfecting solutions for contact lenses.

At present it is believed that the best mode of the present invention is obtained by combining the serine protease subti¬ lisin A (available from Novo Nordisk as Cleanlens®Pro) , as the protease, and the A. niger catalase named CatR described in WO 93/17721, as the microbial. In this specific embodiment the protease will be irreversibly inactivated at a pH level in the range between 1.0 to 4.5 within a suitable period of time.

The agent capable of adjusting the pH in the aqueous disinfect- ing solution may be any suitable agent acceptable to the eyes. For instance the pH adjusting agent may be a buffer, an acid or a base.

The purpose of the pH adjustment is to secure that the contact lenses safely can be entered directly from the aqueous disin¬ fecting solution into the eyes, without any risk of damaging the eyes.

A suitable buffer may be selected from the group of buffers including alkali metal salts, such as potassium or sodium carbonates, acetates, borates, sodium or potassium phosphates, citrates, and hydroxides, and weak acids such as acetic and boric acids.

In the second aspect the invention relates to a tablet, capsule or the like which uses the principles of the method of the invention. Even though it is believed that the optimal way to introduce the protease, catalase, and pH adjusting agent into the aqueous disinfecting solution is in the form of a tablet or the like, it is to be understood that also other embodiments have been contemplated by the inventors and should be regarded as encom¬ passed by the scope of the present invention. For instance, the protease, catalase and pH adjusting agent may be added to the aqueous disinfecting solution as liquids or a combination of liquids and solids.

A multi layer tablet constructed for one-step disinfection and cleaning of contact lenses comprises i) a protease being irreversibly inactivated within a period of time in an aqueous disinfecting solution at a pH not acceptable to the eyes, and ii) a microbial catalase being substantially active at pH 3.0 to 7.0, iii) an agent capable of adjusting the aqueous disinfecting solution to a pH acceptable to the eyes.

The definition of "..a pH level not acceptable to the eyes", and "....a pH level acceptable to the eyes" is described above.

The tablet may have any suitable embodiment. Four suitable embodiments will be described as examples below. The action of the four embodiments of the tablet (i.e. A, B, C and D) , when used for one-step disinfection and cleaning, will also be described below.

In the first embodiment the multi-layer tablet A comprises a) an outer layer or coating comprising said microbial catalase being substantially active at pH 3.0 to 7.0, and b) a layer within said outer layer comprising a protease being irreversibly inactivated within a period of time in an aqueous disinfecting solution at a pH level not acceptable to the eyes, and c) an agent capable of adjusting the disinfecting solution to a pH acceptable to the eyes.

In the second embodiment the multi layer tablet B comprises a) an outer layer or coating comprising a protease being irreversibly inactivated within a period of time in an aqueous disinfecting solution at a pH level not acceptable to the eyes, and b) a layer within said outer layer comprising said microbial catalase being substantially active at pH 3.0 to 7.0, and c) an agent capable of adjusting the disinfecting solution to a pH acceptable to the eyes.

In a third embodiment the multi layer tablet C comprises a) an outer layer or coating comprising a protease being irreversibly inactivated within a period of time in an aqueous disinfecting solution at a pH not acceptable to the eyes, b) a layer within said outer layer comprising an agent capable of adjusting the disinfecting solution to a pH acceptable to the eyes, and c) a core comprising a microbial catalase being substantially active at pH 3.0 to 7.0.

In the forth embodiment the multi layer tablet D comprises a) an outer layer or coating comprising a protease being irreversibly inactivated within a period of time in an aqueous disinfecting solution at a pH not acceptable to the eyes and a microbial catalase being substantially active at pH 3.0 to 7.0, and b) a core comprising an agent capable of adjusting the aqueous disinfecting solution to a pH acceptable to the eyes.

The protease and microbial catalase may be any of the above mention proteases and catalases.

The broad pH activity level of the microbial catalase is advantageous as adjustment to a precise pH in an aqueous disinfecting solution becomes less crucial, which again render the strict and timely control of the release of the catalase layer in the tablet less important.

Said pH adjusting agent may be any suitable agent, such as a buffer or an acid or a base which is capable of adjusting the pH in the aqueous disinfecting solution to a level acceptable to the eyes.

The core and layers of the multi tablet may be separated by a barrier or a membrane. Said barrier may in an embodiment of the invention be made of a water soluble polymer layer, preferably a water soluble film.

Examples of said water soluble film comprises polymers soluble in an acidic medium, such as polymers of dimethylamino ethacry- late and neutral methacrylate esters.

Alternatively the film comprises a pH neutral soluble polymer. Suitable polymers are e .g. soluble cellulose ethers, such as methylcellulose, methylhydroxycellulose , methylhydroxyethyl¬ cellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyimethylcellu¬ lose, hydroxyethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyimethylcellulose phthalate, a polymer of methacrylic acid and methacrylate esters, a copolymer of methacrylic acid and methacrylate esters, a copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic acid anhydride and polyvinyl alcohols.

In still another embodiment the tablet comprises a sparingly soluble core and one or two outer layers having the active constituents dispersed or distributed.

Suitable plasticizers of polyhydric alcohols and water may be added to the above listed soluble film polymers to control the diffusion rate. Preferred plasticizers for this purpose are 1,2-propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols and citrate esters. In a preferred embodiment the tablet is a controlled release tablet of the type where the content in the outer layer is first released followed by content in the second layer after a period of time, and finalized by the release of the core content after a period of time. One of or both layers or the core content may be released slowly.

The release time of the pH adjusting agent should be so long that the protease has sufficient time to degrade composites on the contact lenses' surface.

As the catalase is substantially active within a broad pH range the neutralization ability of the catalase is not dependent on the action of the pH adjusting agent.

In a further embodiment of the invention the content in the second layer and/or core content is(are) released delayed to the aqueous disinfecting solution.

Additional components may be added to or incorporated into the tablet or capsule which do not substantially decrease the activity of the active components.

Examples are components such as effervescing agents, stabi¬ lizers, chelating agent and/or sequestering agents, colouring agent, tonicity adjusting agents, surfactant and the like. In addition binders, lubricants, carriers, and other excipients normally used in producing tablets may be incorporated.

Effervescing agents are typically employed when the enzymes are provided in solid form. Examples of suitable effervescing agent include, tartaric or citric acid used in combination with suitable alkali metal salts, such as sodium carbonate.

As the tablet of the invention is to be used in an aqueous disinfecting solution it may contain one or more of suitable chelating agents and/or sequestering agent, tonicity adjusting agent and surfactant.

Suitable tonicity adjusting agents include sodium and potassium chloride, dextrose, calcium and magnesium chloride.

Suitable surfactants can either be cationic, anionic, nonionic or amphoteric. Preferred surfactants are neutral or nonionic.

Specific examples include polyethylene glycol ethers of fatty acids, polyoxypropylene ethers of C12-C18 alkanes and polyxye- thylene, polyoxypropylene block copolymers of ethylene diamine (i.e. poloxamine) .

Examples of preferred chelating agents include Ethylenediami¬ netetraacetic acid (EDTA) and its salts (disodium) and certain polyvinyl alcohols.

The tablet of the invention constitutes together with an aqueous disinfecting solution comprising 1 wt.% to 5 wt.% hydrogen peroxide a one-step disinfecting and cleaning system for contact lenses.

An ideal consumer convenient disinfection and cleaning pro- cedure is carried out in only one continuous step, e.g. in connection with storing the contact lenses for the night, resulting in that the contact lenses are ready for wearing directly from the storage container the next morning without any additional work.

According to the invention the contact lens user only need to introduce the contact lenses into a fix amount of an aqueous disinfecting solution comprising hydrogen peroxide and add a tablet the invention. Said tablet perform the cleaning and disinfection task and further neutralizes the hydrogen peroxide in a safe manner. Consequently, the one-step system of the invention reduces the work to be done for the contact lens user when performing the disinfecting and cleaning task; facilitates the disinfecting and cleaning task, as only one continuous step need to be performed; eliminates the risk of using the system incorrectly, (e .g. forgetting to neutralize the contact lenses after disin¬ fection and/or cleaning before wear) , as the procedure can be performed continuously within few seconds.

The one-step system of the invention comprises a) an aqueous disinfecting solution comprising 1 wt.% to 5 wt.% hydrogen peroxide, and b) a tablet or capsule comprising i) a protease being irreversibly inactivated within a period of time in an aqueous aqueous disinfecting solution at a pH not acceptable to the eyes, and ii) a microbial catalase being substantially active at pH 3.0 to 7.0 for neutralizing the hydrogen peroxide, and iii) an agent capable of adjusting the pH in the aqueous disinfecting solution to a pH level acceptable to the eyes.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention hydrogen peroxide is present in the aqueous disinfecting solution in 3 wt.% (pH 3.5) .

The tablet or capsule of the invention may advantageously be used as a constituent in the one-step system of the invention.

In the following one-step disinfecting and cleaning of contact lenses using tablet A, B, C and D is roughly described.

One-step disinfection and cleaning using tablet A The contact lenses are immersed in a conventional 3 wt.% hydrogen peroxide disinfecting solution (pH 3.5) together with multi layer tablet A. Initially the hydrogen peroxide disin- fects the contact lenses. The microbial catalase (comprised in the outer layer) is released leading to neutralization of the hydrogen peroxide in the aqueous disinfecting solution. After a period of time the protease (comprised in the layer below the outer layer) is released into the disinfecting solution and the contact lenses are cleaned. Within a period of time the prote¬ ase is irreversibly inactivated. Finally the buffer (comprised in the core of the tablet) is released resulting in that the pH increases to a pH acceptable to the eyes. The contact lenses are ready to wear directly from the aqueous disinfecting solution.

One-step disinfection and cleaning using tablet B The contact lenses are immersed in a conventional 3 wt.% hydro- gen peroxide disinfecting solution (pH 3.5) together with multi layer tablet B. Initially the hydrogen peroxide disinfects the contact lenses. The protease (comprised in the outer layer) is released into the disinfecting solution and cleans the contact lenses. Within a period of time the protease is irreversibly inactivated. After a period of time the microbial catalase

(comprised in the layer below the outer layer) is released re¬ sulting in neutralization of the hydrogen peroxide in the disinfecting solution. Finally the buffer (comprised in the core of the tablet) is released increasing the pH to a level acceptable to the eyes. The lenses are ready to wear directly from the aqueous disinfecting solution.

One-step disinfection and cleaning using tablet C The contact lenses are immersed in a conventional 3 wt.% hydro- gen peroxide disinfecting solution (pH 3.5) together with multi layer tablet C. Initially the hydrogen peroxide disinfects the contact lenses. The protease (comprised in the outer layer) is released into the disinfecting solution and cleans the contact lenses. Within a period of time the protease is irreversibly inactivated. After a period of time the buffer (comprised in the layer below the outer layer) is released resulting in that the pH is increased to a level acceptable to the eyes. The catalase (comprised in the core of the tablet) is released resulting in neutralization of the hydrogen peroxide in the aqueous disinfecting solution. The lenses are ready to wear directly from the aqueous disinfecting solution.

One-step disinfection and cleaning using tablet D The contact lenses are immersed in a conventional 3 wt.% hydrogen peroxide disinfecting solution (pH 3.5) together with multi layer tablet D. Initially the hydrogen peroxide disin- fects the contact lenses. The protease and the microbial catalase (comprised in the outer layer) are released into the disinfecting solution. The contact lenses are cleaned by the protease and the hydrogen peroxide is neutralized by the catalase. Within a period of time the protease is irreversibly inactivated. After a period of time the buffer (comprised in the core of the tablet) is released resulting in that the pH is increased to a level acceptable to the eyes. The lenses are ready to wear directly from the aqueous disinfecting solution.

The above examples of one-step disinfection and cleaning proves the advantageous use of the combination of a protease and a microbial catalase.

As the microbial catalase (in contrast to bovine liver cata- lase) is active at pH 3.5 the catalase can neutralize the hydrogen peroxide at the same time as the protease cleans the contact lenses.

Finally the invention relates to a one-step procedure for disinfecting and cleaning contact lenses, comprising the steps of

1) soaking the contact lenses in a fixed amount of an aqueous disinfecting solution comprising 1 wt.% to 5 wt% hydrogen peroxide, preferably 3 wt%, and 2) adding a tablet according to the invention,

3) storing the contact lenses in the aqueous disinfecting solution for a period of time. The aqueous disinfecting solution must constitute a fixed amount which will normally be between 1 ml and 10 ml, especial¬ ly about 5 ml.

The storage period needed in step 3) depend of the formulation. In general the tablet is formulated so that the contact lenses must be stored for between 10 minutes and 12 hours, preferably between 15 minutes and 4 hours, especially between 20 minutes and 2 hours.

Materials and Methods

Subtilisin A (available from Novo Nordisk as Cleanlens®Pro) ,

Proteolytic Activity

The proteolytic activity may be determined with denatured hemoglobin as substrate. In the Anson-Hemoglobin method for the determination of proteolytic activity denatured hemoglobin is digested, and the undigested hemoglobin is precipitated with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) . The amount of TCA soluble product is determined with phenol reagent, which gives a blue color with tyrosine and tryptophan.

One Anson Unit (AU) is defined as the amount of enzyme which under standard conditions (i.e. 25°C, pH 7.5 and 10 min. reaction time) digests hemoglobin at an initial rate such that there is liberated per minute an amount of TCA soluble product which gives the same color with phenol reagent as one milliequivalent of tyrosine.

A folder AF 4/5 describing the analytical method in more detail is available upon request to Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark, which folder is hereby included by reference. EXAMPLES

Example 1

Stability of Subtilisin A with/without 3 wt.% hvdrogen peroxide

The pH-stability of Subtilisin A (available from Novo Nordisk as Cleanlens®Pro) , was determined by letting an enzyme solution (0.0003 AU/ml) stand for between 0 to 240 minutes, at 25°C and different pH-values (from pH 2 to 7) and measure proteolytic activity before and after standing.

The result of the test shown as relative enzymatic activity is displayed in Table 1 and Table 2 below.

For each pH, the zero-time activities have been set to 100%.

Table 1 pH stability of Subtilisin A without the presence of H₂0₂

n.d.: not determined

Table 2 H₂O₂

As can be seen from Table 1 Subtilisin A is stable at pH 7 in the absence of H₂O₂. Table 2 shows that Subtilisin A is very unstable at pHs from below 7.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. A one-step method for disinfecting and cleaning contact lenses comprising the steps of a) disinfection of the contact lenses in an aqueous disinfect¬ ing solution comprising from 1 wt.% to 5 wt.% hydrogen peroxide at a pH not acceptable to the eyes, b) cleaning the contact lenses by subjecting the contact lenses to a protease being inactivated within a period of time by a pH level not acceptable to the eyes, c) neutralization of the hydrogen peroxide in the aqueous disinfecting solution with a microbial catalase being substan¬ tially active at pH 3.0 to 7.0, d) adjusting the pH in the aqueous disinfecting solution to a pH level acceptable to the eyes.

2. The one-step method according to claim 1, following the step sequence a)-b)-c)-d).

3. The one-step method according to claim 1, following the step sequence a)-c)-b)-d).

4. The one-step method according to claims 2 or 3, wherein the step b) and step c) are performed simultaneously.

5. The one-step method according to claim 1, following the step sequence a)-b)-d)-c) .

6. The one-step method according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous disinfecting solution comprises about 3 wt.% hydrogen peroxide at about pH 3.0 to 4.5, in particular about pH 3.5.

7. The one-step method according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein the contact lenses are cleaned with a protease selected from the group of acidic aspartic proteases, cysteine prote¬ ases, serine proteases or metallo proteases.

8. The one-step method according to the claim 7, wherein the protease is an aspartic protease, such as pepsin A, B or C, or cathepsin D.

9. The one-step method according to the claim 7, wherein the protease is a cysteine protease, such as papain.

10. The one-step method according to the claim 7, wherein the protease is a metallo protease, such as Neutrase®.

11. The one-step method according to the claim 6, wherein the protease is a serine protease, preferably of the subtilisin type, including alkalophilic subtilisins, in particular subtil- isin A.

12. The one-step method according to any of claims 1 to 11, wherein the protease is inactivated at a pH level between 1.0 to 4.5, in particular 3.5.

13. The one-step method according to any of claims 1 to 12, wherein the microbial catalase is derivable from a bacteria, a filamentous fungus or a yeast.

14. The one-step method according to claim 13, wherein the microbial catalase is derivable from Aspergillus sp. , in particular Aspergillus niger.

15. The one-step method according to claim 14, wherein the catalase is CatA or CatR.

16. A tablet or capsule for disinfecting and cleaning contact lenses, wherein the tablet is a multi layer tablet, comprising i) a protease being irreversibly inactivated within a period of time in an aqueous disinfecting solution at a pH level not ac¬ ceptable to the eyes, and ii) a microbial catalase being substantially active at pH 3.0 to 7.0, iii) an agent capable of adjusting the disinfecting solution to a pH acceptable to the eyes.

17. The tablet according to claim 16, wherein the multi layer tablet, comprises a) an outer layer or coating comprising said microbial cata¬ lase, and b) a layer within said outer layer comprising said protease, and c) a core comprising said pH adjusting agent.

18. The tablet according to claim 16, wherein the multi layer tablet, comprises a) an outer layer or coating comprising said protease, b) a layer within said outer layer comprising said microbial catalase, and c) a core comprising said pH adjusting agent.

19. The tablet according to claim 16, wherein the multi layer tablet, comprises a) an outer layer or coating comprises said protease and said microbial catalase, and b) a core comprising said pH adjusting agent.

20. The tablet according to any of claims 16 to 19, wherein the protease is a protease according to any of claims 7 to 11.

21. The tablet according to any of claims 17 to 21, wherein the catalase is a microbial catalase according to any of claims 13 to 15.

22. The tablet according to any of claims 16 to 21, wherein the pH adjusting agent is a buffer or either an acid or a base.

23. The tablet according to any of claims 16 to 22, wherein at least one of said tablet or capsule layers are separated by a barrier or a membrane.

24. The tablet according to claim 23, wherein said barrier is a water soluble polymer layer, preferably a water soluble film.

25. The tablet according to claims 24, wherein said soluble polymer layer comprises compounds selected from the group of polymers of dimethylaminomethacrylate, soluble cellulose ethers, such as methylcellulose, methylhydroxycellulose, methylhydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hy¬ droxyethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, hydroxypropyimethylcellulose phthalate, a polymer of methacrylic acid and methacrylate esters, a copoly¬ mer of methacrylic acid and methacrylate esters, a copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic acid anhydride, and polyvinyl alcohols.

26. The tablet according to any of claims 16 to 25, comprising a plasticizer, such as polyhydric alcohols, preferable 1,2- propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols and citrate esters.

27. The tablet according to any claims 16 to 26, having spar- ingly soluble core.

28. The tablet according to any of claims 16 to 27, being a controlled release tablet or capsule.

29. The tablet according to any of the claims 16 to 28, being of the controlled release type, wherein

- the content of the outer layer is released first, and

- said content of the second layer is released secondly after a period of time, and - the core content is released last after a period of time.

30. The tablet according to claim 29, wherein said pH adjusting agent is released slowly.

31. The tablet according to any of claims 16 to 30, wherein the content in the second layer and/or the core content is released delayed.

32. A one-step disinfecting and cleaning system for contact lenses of the type using hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous disinfecting solution for disinfecting the contact lenses, a protease for removing soil and/or debris from the contact lenses surface, and a catalase for neutralizing the hydrogen peroxide solution, comprising a) an aqueous disinfecting solution comprising 1 wt.% ti 5 wt.% hydrogen peroxide, and b) a tablet or capsule comprising i) a protease being irreversibly inactive within a period of time in an aqueous disinfecting solution at a pH level not acceptable to the eyes, and ii) a microbial catalase being substantially active at pH 3.0 to 7.0, iii) an agent capable of adjusting the aqueous disinfecting solution to a pH acceptable to the eyes.

33. The one-step system according to claim 32, wherein the hydrogen peroxide in the aqueous disinfecting solution is present in between 1 wt% to 5 wt.%, especially about 3 wt.%, at a pH in the range between 3.0 to 4.5, in particular about pH 3.5.

34. The one-step system according to claims 32 and 33, wherein the tablet or capsule is a tablet or capsule according to any of claims 16 to 31.

35. The one-step system according to any of claims 32 to 34, wherein the protease is a protease according to any of claims 7 to ll.

36. The one-step system according to any of claims 32 to 35, wherein the microbial catalase is a catalase according to any of claims 13 to 15.

37. The one-step system according to any of claims 32 to 36, wherein the pH adjusting agent is a buffer, or either an acid or a base.

38. The one-step system according to claim 37, wherein the pH adjusting agent is a buffer capable of adjusting the pH in the aqueous disinfecting solution to a pH where the enzyme is irreversibly inactivated.

39. The one-step system according to claim 38, wherein the buffer adjusts the pH in the aqueous disinfecting solution to a pH acceptable to the eyes.

40. The one-step system according to claims 38 and 39, wherein the buffer is selected from the group comprising alkali metal salts, such as potassium or sodium carbonates, acetates, bora- tes, potassium and sodium phosphates, citrates, and hydroxides, and weak acids such as acetic and boric acids.

41. A one-step procedure for disinfecting and cleaning contact lenses, comprising the steps of

1) soaking the contact lenses in a fixed amount of an aqueouε disinfecting solution comprising 1% to 5% hydrogen peroxide, and 2) adding a tablet according to any of claims 16 to 31, and

3) storing the contact lenses in the disinfecting solution for a period of time.

42. The one-step procedure according to claim 41, wherein the aqueous disinfecting solution comprises about 3% hydrogen peroxide at a pH in the range 3.0 to 4.5, in particular about pH 3.5.

43. The one-step procedure according to claims 41 and 42, wherein the fixed amount of aqueous disinfecting solution comprising hydrogen peroxide is from 1 ml to 10 ml, especially about 5 ml.

44. The one-step procedure according to any of claims 41 to 35, wherein the contact lenses is stored in the aqueous disinfect¬ ing solution for between 5 minutes and 12 hours, preferably be- tween 10 minutes and 2 hours, especially between 20 minutes and 1 hour.