AU723975B2 - Aluminothermic mixture - Google Patents
Aluminothermic mixture Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU723975B2 AU723975B2 AU45330/97A AU4533097A AU723975B2 AU 723975 B2 AU723975 B2 AU 723975B2 AU 45330/97 A AU45330/97 A AU 45330/97A AU 4533097 A AU4533097 A AU 4533097A AU 723975 B2 AU723975 B2 AU 723975B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- aluminothermic
- weight
- welding portion
- mixture contains
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052914 metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 silicate compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K23/00—Alumino-thermic welding
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Description
S F Ref: 398642
AUSTRALIA
PATENTS ACT 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR A STANDARD PATENT
ORIGINAL
Name and Address of Applicant: Actual Inventor(s): Address for Service: Elektro-Thermit GmbH Gerlingstrasse D-45139 Essen
GERMANY
Robert H Kachik, Michael Steinhorst Spruson Ferguson, Patent Attorneys Level 33 St Martins Tower, 31 Market Street Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia Aluminothermic Mixture Invention Title: The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us:a.
5845 Aluminothermic Mixture The invention relates to an aluminothermic mixture comprising a finely divided mix of iron oxides and aluminium, as well as additions, such as alloy-forming ingredients and damping agents.
The invention relates in particular to an aluminothermic mixture for the weld joining of rails.
In the known aluminothermic rail-joining welding, in which the rail ends, which are installed with gaps between them and are surrounded by a mould, are fused and joined together by aluminothermically generated steel, it is intended for the strength properties of the aluminothermically generated steel, which serves as the welding material, to correspond as far as possible to the steel of the rails.
This requirement is catered for by the known aluminothermic mixtures which are also known as welding portions by admixing alloying elements, such as in particular carbon, manganese, vanadium and titanium, to the basic mixture consisting of aluminium and iron oxides. Furthermore, iron and/or steel scrap are mixed with the aluminothermic mixture for the purpose of damping and cooling, with the result that the yield of steel is increased at the same time.
The rail steels with tensile strengths of from 690 to 880N/mm 2 which are preferably used have carbon contents of from 0.4 to 0.82% and manganese 20 contents of from 0.8 to and correspondingly have a predominantly perlitic S: microstructure.
According to DE-C-36 44 106, an aluminothermic mixture is produced which ensures the production of a welding material with a high reproducibility of the composition. The effect which is intended to be achieved here is that the i" 25 microstructure of the welding material corresponds to the microstructure of the rail material.
This aluminothermic mixture contains the additions in the form of homogenous granules, in particular of alloying metals, such as for example Mn, Cr, Ni, V, Ti, which can be used pure or as alloys, eg. with Fe, damping agents, such for example Fe or Fe alloys, and also carburising agents, such as carbon or carboncontaining metals, alloys or carbides.
In order to weld rails, granules consisting of carbon, manganese and iron are added to the mixture in an amount which ensures that a perlitic microstructure is formed in the aluminothermically generated steel. Preferably, the granules consist of 1.5 to 3% by weight of carbon, 8 to 12% by weight of manganese and 85 to 90.5% by weight of iron. Sometimes manganese contents of up to 80% are employed.
The published Japanese patent application 7-299572 describes the addition of a master alloy, which consists of the elements carbon, silicon, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, niobium, copper, chromium and/or nickel which is added Libc/02728 to an aluminothermic mixture which is used for welding together two pieces of rail.
Adding this master alloy makes it possible in a simple and advantageous manner to include the necessary carbon and, if appropriate, other alloying elements as well, such as silicon, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, niobium, copper, chromium and/or nickel in the welding material. These alloying additions are admixed to the aluminothermic mixture solely in the metal form.
The advantage of this master-alloy method is said to lie in a more uniform introduction of, in particular, the carbon, but also of other metallic alloying elements, such as silicon, than with conventional master alloys.
There has been a continual rise in the requirements placed on the safety of a joining technique which is used in particular in the field of passenger transport, but also in the conveyance of goods. In addition, loads on the rails are increasing continuously, leading to increased wear and failure. In this connection, purely visual impressions frequently detract from the increasing feeling of safety of many users of such a process.
The quality of a weld is described not only in terms of rigidly defined parameters, such as the chemical composition or mechanical properties of the Thermit welding compound, but also by a visual assessment. In this connection, in addition to the assessment of the freedom of the fracture face from flaws following a forced fracture, the surface of the weld is becoming increasingly important and is more and more becoming an important quality criterion. Factors which are noted here are the nature of the surface defects cracks, pores, sand inclusions or slag inclusions the extent of these defects and the general visual impression of the surface roughness.
25 There is thus a need for measures which, on the one hand, reduce the occurrence of defects inside the weld and facilitate the removal of the moulding sand, and, on the other hand, minimise the occurrence of surface defects. A correspondingly improved welding join takes into account the increasing safety demands and also the economic constraints. A cause of the formation of surface flaws is the interface between the mould and the Thermit steel.
The object on which the present invention is based is to provide an aluminothermic mixture which enables the morphology of the joining weld to be improved further. In particular, the object on which the invention is based is to change the composition of the aluminothermic mixture in such a manner that the interface is modified such that the surface qualities of a joining weld are improved, on the one hand, by influencing the interface tension and/or, on the other hand, by producing an additional parting layer on the steel.
It has now been found, surprisingly, that the addition of silicon dioxide or metal silicates of the formula Me-Si-O and/or Me-Si-C-O to the aluminothermic mixture Libc/02728 3 leads to the formation of a vitreous parting layer on the Thermit steel and thus to an improvement in the surface qualities of the joining weld.
The action of the silicate compound is to be demonstrated on the basis of the following reaction sequence: Fe203 2 Al 2 Fe+ Al20 3 (1) 3 SiO 2 4 Al 3 Si 2 A1 2 0 3 (2) 2 Fe 2 03 3 Si- 4 Fe 3 SiO 2 (3) The reaction describes the known Thermit reaction. This reaction essentially generates the Thermit steel and the heat for the welding process.
Owing to the higher thermodynamic stability of the A1 2 03, the SiO2 added to the welding portion is reduced by Al. The Si reacts with the Fe 2 0 3 to form Fe and SiO 2 which in turn reacts with the Al. In this way, reaction forms and maintains a continuous In vitreous parting layer on the Thermit steel, as a separating partition from the mould, and, in addition, the mould filling characteristics are improved by influencing the viscosity of the steel (reaction The invention therefore provides an aluminothermic welding portion suitable for providing an aluminothermic weld between rail ends, said welding portion including an i5 aluminothermic mixture comprising a finely divided mix of iron oxides and aluminium, as well as additions, such as alloy-forming ingredients and damping agents, which contains, as additions, 0.1 to 16% by weight of silicon dioxide or 0.1 to 20% by weight of metal silicates of the formula Me-Si-O or Me-Si-C-O, in which Me may be Fe, Mn, Cr, Al, Mg, Ca, based on the total weight.
The aluminothermic mixture preferably contains from 0.5 to more preferably to 5% by weight of silicon dioxide. The preferred aluminothermic mixture contains from 1 to especially 2.5 to 4.5% by weight of metal silicates of the formula Me-Si-O. The aluminothermic mixture of the invention preferably contains from 2 to 10%, especially to 6% by weight of metal silicates of the formula Me-Si-C-O.
Using the aluminothermic mixture according to the invention allows the number and size of the surface defects and the surface roughness to be reduced considerably. This is accompanied by a significantly facilitated, and virtually complete removability of the mould remainders following the welding process. The surface roughness was determined here metallographically, and the surface defects by measurement and counting out.
[R.\LIBA103142.doctlt 3a In particular the surface defects are reduced considerably only by employing SiO 2 or other silicate compounds in an aluminothermic mixture. A reduction of up to 40% is possible when using SiO2.
Example By way of example, 2500g of aluminium, 7500g of iron oxide and 3 0 0 0 g of metallic additions are mixed to produce a conventional basic welding portion.
*t e RA.\LIBA]03142.doc.tlt weighing 13kg. 650g of silicon dioxide or 1050g of metallic additions of the formula Fe-Si-- or 1350g of metallic additions of the formula Fe-Si-C-O are added to this mixture.
The reduction in surface defects, such as pores, sand inclusions, cracks, etc., about 40 %It was likewise possible to reduce the surface roughness by 40 o.
:too.
.ov •Ott Libc/02728
Claims (5)
- 2. The aluminothermic welding portion as claimed in claim 1, wherein said mixture contains from 0.5 to 8% by weight of silicon dioxide. ii 3. T'he aluminothermic welding portion as claimed in claim 2, wherein said mixture contains from 1.5 to 5% by weight of silicon dioxide.
- 4. The aluminothermic welding portion as claimed in claim 1, wherein said mixture contains from 1 to 8% by weight of metal silicates of the formula Me-Si-O.
- 5. The aluminothermic welding portion as claimed in claim 4, wherein said mixture contains from 2.5 to 4.5% by weight of metal silicates of the formula Me-Si-O. S6. The aluminothermic welding portion as claimed in claim 1, wherein said mixture contains from 2 to 10% by weight of metal silicates of the formula Me-Si-C-O.
- 7. The aluminothermic welding portion as claimed in claim 6, wherein said mixture contains from 2.5 to 6% by weight of metal silicates of the formula Me-Si-C-O.
- 8. The aluminothermic welding portion including an aluminothermic mixture comprising a finely divided mix or iron oxides and aluminium, as well as additions, such as alloy-forming ingredients and damping agents, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the example. Dated 29 June, 2000 Elektro-Thermit GmbH Patent Attorneys for the Applicant/Nominated Person SPRUSON FERGUSON [R:\LIBA)03142.doc:tlt
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19648369 | 1996-11-22 | ||
| DE1996148369 DE19648369C1 (en) | 1996-11-22 | 1996-11-22 | Alumino:thermal mixture for welding rails |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU4533097A AU4533097A (en) | 1998-05-28 |
| AU723975B2 true AU723975B2 (en) | 2000-09-07 |
Family
ID=7812452
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU45330/97A Ceased AU723975B2 (en) | 1996-11-22 | 1997-11-21 | Aluminothermic mixture |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU723975B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19648369C1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112570929A (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2021-03-30 | 金华三合新材料有限公司 | Aluminothermic welding powder and preparation method thereof |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3982929A (en) * | 1973-02-09 | 1976-09-28 | Esm, Inc. | Composition for a fluidizing flux in the production of iron and steel |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3644106C1 (en) * | 1986-12-23 | 1988-03-31 | Elektro Thermit Gmbh | Aluminothermic mixture |
-
1996
- 1996-11-22 DE DE1996148369 patent/DE19648369C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-11-21 AU AU45330/97A patent/AU723975B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3982929A (en) * | 1973-02-09 | 1976-09-28 | Esm, Inc. | Composition for a fluidizing flux in the production of iron and steel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19648369C1 (en) | 1997-12-04 |
| AU4533097A (en) | 1998-05-28 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FGA | Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent) | ||
| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired |