AU728057B2 - Radiosensitizing taxanes and their pharmaceutical preparations - Google Patents
Radiosensitizing taxanes and their pharmaceutical preparations Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU728057B2 AU728057B2 AU69746/96A AU6974696A AU728057B2 AU 728057 B2 AU728057 B2 AU 728057B2 AU 69746/96 A AU69746/96 A AU 69746/96A AU 6974696 A AU6974696 A AU 6974696A AU 728057 B2 AU728057 B2 AU 728057B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- rsg
- hydrocarbon
- heterosubstituted
- heteroaryl
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 230000000637 radiosensitizating effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 61
- 229940123237 Taxane Drugs 0.000 title claims description 55
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 196
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 195
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 191
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 163
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 152
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 151
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 60
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 51
- DKPFODGZWDEEBT-QFIAKTPHSA-N taxane Chemical class C([C@]1(C)CCC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1C1)C[C@H]2[C@H](C)CC[C@@H]1C2(C)C DKPFODGZWDEEBT-QFIAKTPHSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 48
- 229930194542 Keto Natural products 0.000 claims description 46
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 46
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 46
- -1 nitro, sulfonyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 44
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 38
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 32
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
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- 125000006615 aromatic heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 17
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
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- MSBZUOIIUNSSRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-oxido-1,2,3-benzotriazin-1-ium Chemical class C1=CC=C2[N+]([O-])=NN=CC2=C1 MSBZUOIIUNSSRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
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- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 30
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- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- LULAYUGMBFYYEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N metachloroperbenzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 LULAYUGMBFYYEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004573 morpholin-4-yl group Chemical group N1(CCOCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000587 piperidin-1-yl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- MYFATKRONKHHQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine 123 Chemical compound [Cl-].COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=C2C=CC(=[NH2+])C=C2OC2=CC(N)=CC=C21 MYFATKRONKHHQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UAWABSHMGXMCRK-UHFFFAOYSA-L samarium(ii) iodide Chemical compound I[Sm]I UAWABSHMGXMCRK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012419 sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 101150041594 soti gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- KXCAEQNNTZANTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N stannane Chemical compound [SnH4] KXCAEQNNTZANTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylammonium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DZLFLBLQUQXARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC FPGGTKZVZWFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001412 tetrahydropyranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004632 tetrahydrothiopyranyl group Chemical group S1C(CCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapropylammonium Chemical compound CCC[N+](CCC)(CCC)CCC OSBSFAARYOCBHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003556 thioamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000083 tin tetrahydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- WILBTFWIBAOWLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl(triethylsilyloxy)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](CC)(CC)O[Si](CC)(CC)CC WILBTFWIBAOWLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN(CC)CC ILWRPSCZWQJDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004044 trifluoroacetyl group Chemical group FC(C(=O)*)(F)F 0.000 description 1
- 125000000025 triisopropylsilyl group Chemical group C(C)(C)[Si](C(C)C)(C(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000004614 tumor growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
- A61K41/0038—Radiosensitizing, i.e. administration of pharmaceutical agents that enhance the effect of radiotherapy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D305/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D305/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Epoxy Compounds (AREA)
Description
WO 97/09979 PCT/US96/14613 1 RADIOSENSITIZING TAXANES AND THEIR PHARMACEUTICAL
PREPARATIONS
Background of the Invention This invention relates to novel radiosensitizing compounds, and in particular, to substituted taxanes containing radiosensitizing moieties, their pharmaceutical preparations, and methods of using this new class of highly potent radiosensitizers of tumor cells.
In the United States alone, over a half million patients undergo radiation therapy each year as a part of their battle against cancer. To date, however, radiation therapy has produced only limited success as a cancer treatment. Understandably, therefore, a major effort has been underway for a number of years to develop means to improve the efficacy of such radiotherapy techniques.
It is widely believed that the presence of radioresistant, hypoxic (poorly oxygenated) cells in tumors constitutes a significant factor in causing local failure in conventional cancer radiotherapy. For example, it was reported by Gatenby et al., Int. J.
Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 14: 831-833 (1988), that for head and neck tumors, the hypoxic cell volume is inversely correlated with tumor radiosensitivity. Other reports confirm this conclusion for a variety of types of tumors and suggest that the presence of a concentration of as little as 2-3% hypoxic cells in a tumor may double the radiation dose required for tumor control.
Various solutions have been proposed to overcome the problem of hypoxia, including carrying out radiation treatments in high pressure oxygen chambers and the substitution of "fast neutron" or r meson radiation in place of X-rays. However, these techniques are not wholly satisfactory for a number of reasons, including WO 97/09979 PCT/US96/14613 2 the great expense and difficulty frequently associated with such procedures.
One promising field of investigation for dealing with radioresistant hypoxic tumor cells has been the use of "radiosensitizing" compounds which selectively increase the sensitivity of hypoxic cells to radiation.
This specificity to hypoxic cells is also valuable because a significant percentage of solid tumors are characterized by such cells while most normal tissue is not. Thus, treatment with such compounds serves to enhance the impact of radiation on tumor cells while having little effect on the impact of radiation on healthy cell tissue. A number of heterocyclic, electronaffinic compounds, and in particular, those with oxidized nitrogen moieties, have been successfully used for the purpose of radiosensitizing hypoxic tumor cells.
Specifically, the discovery that the nitroimidazoles, metronidazole (metro) and misonidazole (miso), sensitize hypoxic cells to radiation provided initial optimism for a breakthrough solution to the problem of tumor hypoxia.
Unfortunately, however, both agents have proven to be highly toxic at therapeutic levels.
The possibility of using chemotherapeutic agents to selectively enhance radiation response in tumors has also been proposed. In addition to its use a chemotherapeutic agent, taxol, for example, has been investigated in vitro and in vivo as a potential radiosensitizing drug. See, Tishler et al., Radiation Oncology Biol. Phys., 22:613-617 (1992); Tishler et al., Cancer Research, 52:3495-3497 (1992); Steren, et al., Gynecologic Oncology, 48:252-258 (1993); Steren, et al., Gynecologic Oncology, 50:89-93 (1993); Choy et al., Cancer, 71:3774-3778 (1993); Milas et al., Cancer Research, 54:3506-3510 (1994); and Joschko et al., Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research, 35:647 (1994). Although the reported data 3 suggests that taxol is an effective radiosensitizer, recent data from our laboratory leads us to question whether the reported data has been misinterpreted. In any event, a need continues to exist for compounds which possess antitumor activity and which are more potent radiosensitizers and.thus, can be administered at lower doses to reduce toxic-side effects.
Summary of the Invention Among the several objects of the invention, therefore, may be noted the provision of a novel class of compounds and pharmaceutical preparations containing them which possess antitumor activity and which are potent radiosensitizing agents for cancer radiation therapy.
Also among the objects of the invention are methods for the use of such compounds and pharmaceutical preparations in warm-blooded animals in radiation therapy.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a compound comprising a taxane containing at least 2 electron-affinic radiosensitizing functional groups, provided that at least one radiosensitizing group is other than a carbocyclic aromatic moiety.
0 In preferred embodiments of the first aspect of the invention, the compound is characterized in that: *.0 at least one of the radiosensitizing groups is a nitro-substituted carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic moiety which is attached to the C2, C4, C7, C9, C10 or C14 position of the taxane; or said radiosensitizing groups are independently selected from nitrosubstituted carbocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic moieties and wherein at least one of said radiosensitizing groups is attached to the C2, C4, C7, C9, C10 or C14 position of the taxane.
4 In a second aspect, the present invention provides a compound corresponding to the structure: P 0C wherein M comprises ammnium or-is a metal; R, is hydrogeni or hydro-.xy; R22 is -OT2, -CCOZ 2
-OC-OOZ
2 RSG, or RSG 2 24 is -OC0Z 4
OCOOZ
4 RSG, 'or RSG 2 R, is hydrogen, halogen, -OCOZ,, -OCO)OZ,, PUSO, R, is hydrogen, keto, -OT, -OCOZ 9 '-CCOOZ.q, RSGJ, or or FSG; Rio is hydrogen, keto, -CT 10 -0C0Z 10 -0C00Z 1 0
RSG
1 or RSG 2
R
7
R
9 and Ri independently have the alpha or beta stereochemica2. configuration; 213 is hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, MO- or "2
R
14 is hydrogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, RSG, or RSG 2
T
2
T
4
T
7
T
9 and T, 0 are independently hydrogen or hydroxy protecting group;
X
1 is -OX 6
X
2 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl;
X
3 is alkyl, heterosubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, heterosubstituted alkenyl, alkynyl, heterosubstituted alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; X. is hydrogen, alkyl, heterosubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, heterosubstituted alkenyl, alkynyl, heterosubstituted alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl;
X
5 is -X 1 0 -OX10, -SX 11 or -NX 8 Xl 1 X. is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy protecting group or a functional group which 0 increases the water solubility of the taxane derivative; X, is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, RSG, or. RSG 2 X3. is alkyl, heterosubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, heterosubstituted alkenyl, alkynyl, het erosubstituted alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; X, is hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted 0 0 :hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl,
RSG
1 or RSG 2
Z
2 Zq and Z, 0 are independently hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; RSGI is an electron-affinic nmiety other than aryloyloxy;
RSG
2 is -L-(RSG 1 )n provided FSG 2 is not aryloyloxy; S
T
ST7 L is a linker comprising a chain of 1 to atoms in the chain, the atoms being selected 'from the group consisting of C, 0, N, S, Si, and P; and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; provided that the compound contains at least one radiosensitizing group attached to the C2, C4, C7, C9, C10, C14, or C5' position of the compound.
In preferred embodiments of the second aspect of the invention, the compound is characterized in that: RSGI is an electron-affinic group selected from the group consisting of heterocyclic aromatic moieties which possess one or more carbonyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen, nitro, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, phosphoryl, oxide or cyano groups, (ii) heterocyclic .aromatic moieties i containing two or more heteroatoms, (iii) metal complexes, and (iv) organo-metallic groups in which the metal is covalently bonded to carbon.or .RSG, is selected from the group consisting of imidazoles, triazoles, pyridines, benzamides, nicotinamides, benzotriazine oxides, furans, thiophenes, oxazoles and thiozoles possessing one or more carbonyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen, nitro, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, phosphoryl, oxide or cyano groups, or 7 R, is hydrogen or hydroxy;
R
2 is -OCOZ 2 RSG,, or RSG 2
R
4 is -OCOZ,, RSG, or RSG 2
R
7 is hydrogen, halogen, -OT 7 -OCOZ,, RSG, or
RSG
2
R
9 is hydrogen, keto, -OT 9
-OCOZ
9 RSG, or RSG 2 is hydrogen, keto, -OCOZ 0 RSG or
RSG
2
R
13 is 0 x 3 n *1 X H x2 '1
R
14 is hydrogen, hydroxy or protected hydroxy;
T
2
T
4
T
7
T
9 and T, 0 are independently hydrogen or hydroxy protecting group; Xi is -OX;
X
2 is hydrogen;
X
3 is alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl;
X
4 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl;
X
5 is -X 1 0 -OX1 0
-SX
1 or -NX X 11
X
6 is hydrogen or hydroxy protecting group; X. is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, RSG, or RSG,; X1 0 is alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or hetero'substituted heteroaryl; z 2 z 4 z 7
Z
9 and Z10 are independently hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroar J/ RSG. is an electron-affinic rmiety other than aryloyloxy;
RSG
2 is -L-(RSG1) provided PSG is not aryloyloxy; 8 L is a linker comprising a chain of I to 10 atoms in the chain, the atoms being selected from the group consi'stin9 of C, 0, N, S, Si, and 2; and n is 1 or.2, provided that the compound contains at least one radiosensitizing group attached to the C2, C4, C7, C9, CIO, C14, oc C5' posi:on ofthecompund; or RSGI is a heterocyclic aromatic moiety containing two or more heteroatoms; or RSGI is a metal complex; or
RSG
1 is selected from the group consisting imidazoles, triazoles, pyridines, benzamidines, furans, thiophenes, oxazoles and thiozoles possessing one or more nitro groups.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a compound corresponding to the structure: P 0
A
96 0* 0 9 9.9* t wherein M cornorises ammonium or is a metal; RL is hydrogen or hydroxy; R2 is RSG' or RSG 2 R4 is -OCOZ 4 -0C00Z 4 RSGL or RSG 2 R, is hydrogen, halogen., -0T 7 -OCOZ7, -OCODOZ 7
RSG
1 R, :4s 1hydrogen, keto, -OT 9
-OCOZ
9 -OC00Zg, SG, or RSG2 is hydrogen, keto, -OCOZi 0 -OCCOZ,,, RSG, or 9 R R 9 and Ro independently have the alpha or beta stereochemical configuration;
R,,
3 is hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, MO- or 0 x x 5 N 1 xa H 2 R1 4 is hydrogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, RSG or RSG 2 T T 4 T, and T 10 are independently hydrogen or hydroxy protecting group;
X
1 is -OX,;
X
2 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl;
X
3 and X 4 are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl or RSG,;
X
5 is -X 10 -OX10, -SX10, or X, is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy protecting group or a functional group which increases the water solubility of the taxane derivative; X, is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, RSG 1 or RSG 2 X1 0 is hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, RSG, or RSG 2 z 4
Z
9 and Z1, are independently hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; RSG, is an electro-affinic rroiety other than atyloyloxy;
RSG
2 is -L-(RSG pcovided RSO2 is not aryloyloxy; S T~9
-A
L is a linker comprising a chain of. 1 to 30 atoms in the chain, the atoms being selected from the group consisting of C, 0, N, S, Si, and P; and n i.s an integer greater than or eq~ual to 1.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a caripound corresponding to the structure: 1 2 1 17 2 2 14 4 wherein M comprises ammonium or is a metal; R, -is hydrogen or hydroxy;.
R
2 is -CT 2
-OCOZ
2
-OCCOZ
2 RSG, or RSG,; R, is RSG, or RSG, other than aryloyloxy; R, is hydrogei,...halogen,
-OCOZ
7 -OCOOZ;, RSC.
or-7.RSG.; hLydrogen, keto.,. 0 -OC.Z. -GC Z, RSG 1 or RSO 3 ::RIO is hydrogen, keto,. -CC0Z,., -OC0Z 1 0 RSG, or
R
7
R
9 and R 10 O independently have the alpha or beta stereochemical configuration;
**R
1 is hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, MO- or 0 x x 0 2 3.W x x H 2 1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, RSG, or 11
T
2
T
4
T
7 T, and To 1 are independently hydrogen or hydroxy protecting group; X, is -OX
X
2 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl;
X
3 and X, are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, or RSG,; Xs is -X, 0 -OX10, -SX 1 0 or -NXX 10 X, is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy protecting group or a functional group which increases the water solubility of the taxane derivative; X, is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, RSG, or RSG,; X1 0 is hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted .hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, RSGI or RSG 2
Z
2
Z
9 and Z 10 are independently hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; RSG, is an electron-affinic moiety;
RSG
2 is -L-(RSG 1 L is a linker comprising a chain of 1 to atoms in the chain, the atoms being selected from the group consisting of C, O, N, S, Si, and P; and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
12 In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a conipound corresponding to the structure:
PS
wherei c7nrssmoimo samtl is 7yrgnorhoy
R
2 is -CT 2
ACC
2 iiCZRG 1 o S 7C 4 CC,, -CC 4 S~o S 2
R
7 isRG rRG terta4rlyoy
R
9 ishydroen, kto, -T 9
*CCC
9
CC
9
S
1 o wh~ereicniclcnfuair.
R, is hydrogen or tectdroxy r~;k ;M-o R, is RS4\rSohr hnaylyo
::R
1 is hydrogen, hydo, protcte hydrZ, oxyO, RSG, 1 or
RSG
2 R9T andT ae independently hydrogenlph or bt hy r, protecting g rop; dhdrx--et-M-o
X
1 is0C 6
X
2 ishdoehdoabo.htrsxsiu hydrocarbon,~~~ 3eeorl or1trsbttue eeorl
X
3 and X, are independently hydrogen, -hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl or RSG,; is -XIo, -OX o, -SX1o, or -NXSXLO; X, is hydrogen,. hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl,..
hydroxy protecting group or a functional group which increases the water solubility of the taxane derivative; X, is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, RSG, or RSG,;
X,
0 is hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, RSG or RSG,;
Z
2 Z4, Z and are independently hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; RSG, is an electron-affinic moiety;
RSG
2 is L is a linker comprising a chain of 1 to 30 atoms in ~the chain,. the atoms being selected from the group consisting of C, O, N, S, Si, and P; and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
SIn a sixth aspect, the present invention provides a coaTpound S corresponding to the .structure: 1
P
'.00 P 31111 1 A r 1, 1 Ta 1 2 *1 wherein M comprises ammonium or is a metal; R, is hydrogen or hydroxy; R, is -OCOZ, -OCOOZ,, RSG, or RSG,; R, is -OT 4
-OCOZ
4 -OCOOZ,, RSG or RSG,; R, is hydrogen, keto, -OCOZ,, OCCOZ 7
RSG
1 or RSG,;
R
9 is RSGj or RSG 2 other than aryloyloxy; is hydrogen, keto, -0T 1 0 -0C0Z 1 0 -OCOOZ1.,
RSG
1 or RSG, 2
R
9 an& -R 10 independently -have the. alpha or beta stereochemical configuration;
R
1 3 is hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, Mo- or 0 x x 0 x 3 I H x2 x
R
1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy,
RSG
1 or RSG 2 T2T, T7 and T, r nependently hydrogen or hydroxy protecting group; X, is_. -0X6;
X
2 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosibstituted.
hydrocarbon, heteroaryli or- heterosubstituted hateroaryl;.
X
3 and X, are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl or' RSG,;
*X
5 is -X 0 -Ox~ 0 Sx 1 or X X6 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubst-Ltuted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy protecting group or a functional group which increases the water solubility of the taxane derivative; X, is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, RSG, or RSG 2
X,
0 is hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, hetercaryl1. heterosubstItuted heLeroaryl, RSG, or RSG,;
Z
2
Z
4 Z, and Z.
0 are independently hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; RSG, is an electron-affinic moiety;
RSG
2 is -L-(RSG) L is a linker comprising a chain of 1 to atoms in the chain, the atoms being selected from the group consisting of C, O, N, S, Si, and P; and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
In a seventh aspect, the present invention provides a compound corresponding to the structure: 311111
A
,c
O
o wherein M comprises ammonium or- is a metal; R, is hydrogen or hydroxy;
R
2 is
-OCOZ
2 -OCOOZ,, RSG, or RSG 2
R
4 is -OCOZ,, -OCOOZ RSG, or RSG 2 R, is hydrogen, keto, -OCOZ,, -OCOOZ,, RSG, or RSG 2 R, is hydrogen, keto, -OCOZ,, -OCOOZ,, RSG, or RSG 2 *2 RL is RSG, or RSG, other than aryloyloxy; Rg, and R, 0 independently have the alpha or beta stereochemical configuration; R. is hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, MO- or i0 i X-s riS- I2
R,
4 is hydrogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, RSG, or RSG,;
T
2 1 T 4 1 T 7 and T 9 are independently hydrogen or hvdroxy protecting group; x! is -OX 6
X
2 is hydrogen-,- hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; Xj and X, are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryi or RSG,; is -XI, -OX 10 SX., or -NX X 10 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, het-eroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy procecting group or a functional group which increases the water solubility of the taxane derivative; X. is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, RSG, or RSG 2 is hydrocarbon, heterosu-Lbstituted.
*'*hydrocarbon;- heteroaryl., .he tera sub st-I.tu t ed:.he teroaryL, RSG, or RSG 2 Z 4
,Z
7 an r ~dpenden-tly- hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, eeorl or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; RSG, is an electron-afifinic moiety; RSG, is (RSG 1 *L is- a linker comprising a chain of I to atoms in the chain, the atoms being selected from *the gru consisting of C, 0, N, S, Si,, and P; and n is an integer greater than or equal to I.
In an eighth aspect, the presenlt inventi-on Provides a compound Corresponding to the structure: 910 1- 2 1 1)11 9 2 P4 wherein M comrises ammnonium or is R, is hydrogen or hydroxy;
R
2 is -CT 2 -0COZ 2 -0COOZ 2 R, is -CT 4 -OCOZ4, -OCOOZ4, R, is hydrogen, keto,
-OT
7 a metal; RSG, or RSG 2 RSG, or RSG 2;
-OCCZ
7 -OCOOZ,,
RSG
1 Or RSGZ; R, is hydrogen, keto,
-CT
9 -0OZ 9
-OCOOZ
9
RSC
.*or
RSG.
2 is hydrogen, keto, -OT1o,
-OCOZI
0
-CCOOZLOI
::9:RSG, or RSG 2
R
9 and independently have the alpha or beta stereochemical configuration; is hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto,. MO- or
I
C
4 x C V 2 1I R LI is RSG, or RSG 2 .other than acyloyloxy;
T
4 T, and are independently hydrogen or hydroxy protecting grouo; X, is -OX 5
X
2 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstitljted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubs .tituted heteroaryl; X, and X 4 are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl or RSGj; Xs. is
-OX
10 -SX10, or -NXXIo;
X
6 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy protecting group or a functional group which increases the water solubility of the taxane derivative; X, is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, RSG, or RSG 2 X1 0 is hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, RSG, or RSG 2
Z
2
Z
4
Z
9 and Z, are independently hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl or heterosubstituted heteroaryl;
RSG
1 is an electron-affinic moiety;
RSG
2 is (RSGI),; S" L is a linker comprising a chain of 1 to atoms in thechain, the atoms being selected from the group consisting of C, O, N, S, Si, and P; and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
In a ninth aspect, the present invention provides a method of killing "tumor cells in a warm blooded animal, the method comprising: administering to the warm-blooded animal in an amount effective to radiosensitize the tumor cells, a taxane containing an electronaffinic radiosensitizing functional group, followed by, after a time interval sufficient to enhance radiosensitization of the tumor cells, irradiating the tumor cells with a dose of radiation effective to kill the tumor cells.
19 In preferred embodiments of the ninth aspect of the invention, the method is characterized in that: the method further comprising heat treating the tumor cells; or the animal is administered an effective amount of a compound according to any one of the first to the eight aspects of the present invention.
Briefly, therefore, the present invention is directed to taxanes comprising one or more electronaffinic moieties. Such compounds provide greatly enhanced radiosensitization of tumors and reduced toxic side effects to normal body tissues at a given dosage as compared to conventional radiosensitization agents. The electron-affinic moiety may be attached directly, or indirectly through a linker to one of the ring atoms of the taxane or to one of the C13 side chain atoms. For example, the electron-affinic moiety may be attached to the C2, C4, C7, C9, C10, C14, C3' or C5' carbon of a taxane corresponding to the structure: 0*
S
9
P
P13111112 A s>.1 c 1
CC
wherein M comprises ammonium or is a metal; R, is hydrogen or hydroxy;
R
2 ia -aT 2
-OCOZ
2 -0C00Z 2
RSG
1 or RSG 2 R, is -OCOZ,, -OCOOZ 4 RSG, or RSG 2 R, -is hydrogen, halogen, -0C0Z,, -OCOOZ,, RSG, or RSG 2
R
9 is hydrogen, keto, -0T 9
-OCOZ
9
-OCOOZ
9
RSG
1 or RSG 2 is hydrogen, keto, -0T 10 0C0Z 10
-OCOOZ
10 0 0 900.
0 0 20 RSG, or R.SG 2
R
9 and R 10 independently have the alpha or beta stereochemical configuration;
R
1 3 is hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, MO- or
R
1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, RSGj or RSG 2
T
2 1 T 4
T
9 and T 10 are independently hydrogen or hydroxy protecting group; Xi is -OX 6
X
2 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl or heterosubstituted heteroaryl;
X
3 and X 4 are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl or RSG,; Xs is -Xo1, -OX 10 -SX1 0 or -NXXo 0
X
6 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl or hydroxy protecting group or a functional group which increases the water solubility of the taxane derivative;
X
8 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, RSG, or RSG,;
X
10 is hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, RSG, or RSG 2
Z
2
Z
4
Z
7
Z
9 and Z 10 are independently hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; RSGi is an electron-affinic moiety; RSG, is -L-(RSGI)n; .L is a linker comprising a chain of 1 to 20 atoms in the chain, the atoms being selected from the group consisting of C, O, N, S, Si, and P; and i n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions for radiosensitizing tumor 25 cells which contain a radiosensitizing amount of the above described taxanes or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
,o The present invention is further directed to a 30 process for radiosensitizing tumor cells. The process comprises administering a radiosensitizing amount of the pharmaceutical composition described above to the tumor cells. Related thereto, a method is also provided for killing tumor cells in a warm-blooded animal which includes the steps of administering to the warm-blooded SRanimal a pharmaceutical composition as described above in an amount effective to radiosensitize the tumor cells, followed by, after a time interval sufficient to enhance radiosensitization of the tumor cells, irradiating the tumor cells with a dose of radiation effective to kill the tumor cells.
Other objects and features will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.
Brief Description of the Drawings Fig. L is a graph depicting in vitro chemotherapeutic activity of taxoltere metro, taxol and taxoltere pnip on CHO cells for the studies set forth in Example 4.1.
Fig. 2 is a graph depicting in vitro chemotherapeutic activity of taxoltere, taxol and taxoltere pnip on HCT 116 cells for the studies set forth in Example 4.1.
Fig. 3 is a graph depicting in vitro chemotherapeutic radiosensitization of taxoltere metro and taxoltere pnip on CHO cells for the studies set forth 20 in Example 4.2.
SFig. 4 is a graph depicting in vitro chemotherapeutic radiosensitization of taxoltere metro and taxoltere pnip on HCT 116 cells for the studies set forth in Example 4.2.
25 Fig. 5 is a graph depicting in vivo doseresponse curves for taxoltere metro and taxol for the studies set forth in Example 4.4.
Fig. 6 is a graph depicting in vivo chemotherapeutic activity of taxoltere metro and taxoltere pnip at 40% of LDso for the studies set forth in Example 4.4.
Fig. 7 is a graph depicting the chemotherapeutic effect of low-dose multi-treatment (Q7D x 4) with taxol and its analogs on MTG-B mammary tumors for the studies set forth in Example 4.4.
Fig. 8 is a graph depicting the chemotherapeutic effects of low-dose multi-treatment (Q7D x 4) with taxol and its analogs on MTG-B mammary tumors for the studies set forth in Example 4.4.
Figs. 9 and 10 are graphs depicting the chemotherapeutic effects of low-dose multi-treatments (Q11D x 4) with taxol and its analogs on MTG-B mammary tumors for the studies set forth in Example.4.4.
Fig. 11 is a graph depicting in vivo LO chemotherapeutic radiosensitization of taxoltere metro, taxoltere pnip and taxol on MTG-B mammary tumors single dose) for the studies set forth in Example Fig. 12 is a graph depicting the effects of ip taxol, taxoltere metro and taxoltere pnip on MTG-B mammary tumors for the studies set forth in Example Figs. 13 and 14 are graphs depicting the effects of taxoltere pnip on MTG-B mammary tumors single dose, 24% LD50) for the studies set forth in Example 5 S a a Fig. 15 is a graph depicting the cure rate for taxoltere pnip single dose) for the studies set forth in Example 4.6.
Figs. 16 and 17 are graphs depicting the cure rate for taxoltere pnip single dose) for the studies set forth in Example 4.6.
Fig. 18 is a graph depicting the cure rate for taxoltere pnip RT on MTG-B mammary tumors in vivo as a function of drug dose for the studies set forth in Example 4.6.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments Surprisingly, it has been discovered that taxanes containing electron-affinic substituents exhibit significantly greater potency than taxol as a radiosensitizing agent. As a result, such increased potency permits the administration of much lower dosages of these compounds for the same or even greater radiosensitization of tumor cells, allowing for a concomitant reduction in toxic side effects on healthy tissue for any particular dosage level required to effectively radiosensitize the tumor cells.
The radiosensitizing groups or moieties described herein (RSG, and RSG,) impart electron affinity to the compounds with which they are associated. This novel class of potent radiosensitizers comprise taxanes containing at least one, and optionally two or more electron-affinic moieties. In general, the radiosensitizing moieties contain electron-affinic groups which fall into one of four groups: carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic moieties which possess one or more carbonyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen, nitro, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, phosphoryl, oxide or cyano groups, (ii) heterocyclic aromatic moieties containing two or more heteroatoms, (iii) metal complexes, and (iv) organometallic groups in which the metal is covalently bonded to carbon.
The carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic electron-affinic moieties contain one to three rings with a total of 5 to 15 ring atoms which are selected from the group consisting of C, N, S, 0 and P. Preferably, the 25 carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic electron-affinic *eC.
moieties contain one to two rings with one ring being S* presently most preferred. Representative carbocyclic aromatic electron-affinic moieties include phenyl and napthyl groups containing one or more nitro, halogen, S 30 carbonyl or sulfonyl substituents, with nitro-substituted phenyl being a preferred carbocyclic aromatic electronaffinic moiety. Representative heterocyclic aromatic electron-affinic moieties include imidazoles, triazoles, pyridines, benzamides, nicotinamides, benzotriazine oxides, furans, thiophenes, oxazoles and thiozoles STi possessing one or more carbonyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen, nitro, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, phosphoryl, oxide or cyano groups, and preferably at least one nitro group.
Nitroimidazole and nitrotriazole heterocyclic aromatic electron-affinic moieties which may be incorporated into the radiosensitizing agents of the present invention include 2 -nitroimidazol-l-yl and 3nitro-1,2,4-triazol-l-yl and other nitroimidazoles and nitrotriazoles which correspond to the following structures: N NO N NO NO 2 j
NN
I and wherein E is alkyl or fluoroalkyl. The preparation and use of radiosensitizing agents incorporating these and other nitroimidazoles and nitrotriazoles is described in Suzuki et al., U.S. Patent Nos. 4,945,102 and 5,064,849; Kagiza et al., U.S. Patent Nos. 4,927,941, 4,977,273 and 5,304,654; Suto, U.S. Patent No. 4,954,515 and 5,036,096; Suto et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,797,397; Papadopoulou- Rosenzweig et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,294,715; Beylin et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,342,959.
S 20 Benzamide and nicotinamide heterocyclic aromatic electron-affinic moieties which may be incorporated into the radiosensitizing agents of the present invention include 25 5-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)nicotinamide; 2 -methoxyethylamino)nicotinamide; 3-hydroxy thiobenzamide; 3-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)acetamidobenzamide; 3-(2,3 dihydroxy-n-propoxy)- 4 -methoxybenzamide; 3-(2,3 dihydroxy-n-propoxy)- 4 -methylbenzamide; dihydroxy-n-propoxy) 3 -ethoxybenzamide; and other benzarides ard nicotinamides which correspond to the following structures: 1
II
IC- NH 2 C N
C-N
2 2 and N wherein X' is 0 or S; Y, is H, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, acetoxy, or acetamido;
Y
2 is -OR, -SR, -NHR, -NO, -O(CO)R, -NH(CO)R, -O(SO)R, or -0(POR)R; Y 3 is H, Z 1
-OR,
-SR, -NHR, -O(CO)R, -NH(CO)R, -O(SO)R, or -O(POR)R; and R is hydrogen or hydrocarbon which may be optionally substituted ard interrupted by an ether linkage.
The preparation and use of radiosensitizing agents incorporating these and other benzanides and nicotinamides is described in Lee et al., U.S. Patent Nos. 5,032,617, 5,041,653 and 5,175,287.
Benzotriazine oxide heterocyclic aromatic electron-affinic moieties which may be incorporated into the radiosensitizing agents of the present invention include hydroxy-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1,4-dioxide; 3 -amino-7-trifluoro-1,2,4-benzotriazinei 25 oxide; 3 -amino-7-decyl-1,2,4-benzotriazine-l-oxie; 3-amino-7-carbamyl-1, 2 4 -benzotriazine-l-oxide; 7 -acetyl-3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-l-oid; 7 -chloro-3-hydroxy-1,2,4-benzotriazine- 1 4 dioxide; 27 7 -nitro-3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1,4dioxide; and other benzotriazine oxides corresponding to the structure: 0 Y Y 0m wherein Y 4 is H, substituted or unsubstituted lower hydrocarbon, or alkanoyl; m is O or 1; and Ys and Y, are independently hydrogen, nitro, halogen, morpholino, pyrrolidino, piperidino, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon,
-NH
2 -NHR', -NR'R'O(CO)R',
-NH(CO)R',
or -O(POR')R' in which R' is substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon. The preparation and use of radiosensitizing agents incorporating these and other benzotriazine oxides is described in Lee et al. U.S.
Patent No. 5,175,287.
The metal complex electron-affinic moieties preferably comprise Pt 2 Co 3 Fe 2 Fe 3 Pd 2 Cu 2 Ti 4 or Zr 4 as the metal and generally fall into two subgroups: metal complexes of the carbocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic electron-affinic moieties discussed 20 above, and metal complexes of bidentate ligands comprising nitrogen, carbon or sulfur. In general, metal complexes of bidentate ligands correspond to the formula -BMLXk wherein B is a bidentate ligand containing nitrogen, carbon or sulfur, ML is a metal, X is an anionic ligand such as Cl- or "OAc, and k is 1-4. Exemplary bidentate ligands include: 28 CH3 N-CH3 N andN and Electron-affinic metal complexes which may be incorporated into the radiosensitizing agents of the present invention include compounds of the formula: [PtX", (NR2"H)Q] or [PtXM, (NR 2
Y-
wherein n is I or 2, and wherein when n is 2, XM is a monovalent biologically acceptable anion, and when j is 1, X M is a divalent biologically acceptable anion; each R" is independently H or alkyl, or both R"s together are a piperidino or morpholino residue; Q is a radiosensitizing ligand selected from a mononitro-substituted imidazole, a mononitro-substituted pyrazole, a mononitro-substituted thiazole and a mononitro-substituted isothiazole; and Yis a physiologically acceptable anion. These 15 heterocycles may optionally be substituted by an alkyl, amino substituted alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy or amino group.
In addition, if the heterocycle is pyrazole or imidazole, a ring nitrogen may be substituted by alkyl or alkoxy or hydroxy substituted alkyl and wherein one or two methylenes of the alkyl may be replaced by oxygen. In a preferred embldiment, Q is one of the following: "NO 1mC NO NOZ N02 CO 2 2 C N C P)m C P N N-CR |m S :I
I
wherein R' is alkyl optionally containing an amino substituent, -OR 3 or 2 wherein R 3 is H or lower alkyl; R 2 is alkyl or 1-8 carbons substituted by one or 3ST /more -OR 3 and wherein one or two methylenes may be replaced by oxygen and each m is independently 0 or 1.
The preparation and use of radiosensitizing agents incorporating these metal complexes is described in Skov et al. U.S. Patent Nos. 4,921,963 and 5,026,694.
Other electron-affinic metal complexes which may be incorporated into the radiosensitizing agents of the present invention may be made by reacting an organic or inorganic platinum compound such as an alkali metal tetrahaloplatinate or cis-bis(acetonitrile)dichloroplatinum (LI) with rhodamine 123 or other (+)-charged rhodamine or the like, for example, a cyanine dye such as 3,3'-diethylthiadicarbocyanine iodide or other charged cyanine dyes as described in U.S. Patent No.
5,196,413.
Other electron-affinic metal complexes which may be incorporated into the radiosensitizing agents of the present invention include include Cu(II) compounds selected from compounds having the formula: [Cu(II)ACXCyC]z and [Cu(II)ACB]z 2 20 wherein A represents a bidentate heteroaromatic ligand containing neutral nitrogen donor atoms; Bc represents a bidentate ligand containing neutral or negatively charged oxygen donor atoms; Xc and YC are the same or different neutral or negatively charged monodentate ligands; and ZI 25 and Z 2 represent the charge on the complex. The preparation and use of radiosensitizing agents incorporating these metal complexes is described in Abrams et al. U.S. Patent No. 5,100,885.
3. Other electron-affinic metal complexes which *30 may be incorporated into the radiosensitizing agents include Co(III) or Fe(III) compounds a formula corresponding to one of the following formulas: [CoNiXF 6 [CoAF 2
DD
2 q; [CoZF 3 and [Fe T 2
T
2 wherein n has a value of 3 or 4; N is an uncharged nitrogen donor atom that is contained within a ligand; X
F
T presents an anionic ligand; and y represents the charge on the complex; AF represents a bidentate or tetradentate negative ligand containing N or 0 donor atoms; D 1 and D 2 represent the same or different monodentate ligands; q represents a positive or negative charge on the complex;
Z
F represents a chelating mononegative negative ligand; T' and T 2 which may be the same or different, represent mono-negative tridentate ligands. The preparation and use of radiosensitizing agents incorporating these metal complexes is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,727,068.
The organometallic electron-affinic moieties are aliphatic or aromatic mercury radicals. The preparation and use of radiosensitizing agents incorporating mercury containing entities is described in Shenoy et al., Cancer Investigation, 10(6):533-551 (1992) and Bruce et al., Radiation Res., 24:473-481 (1965).
The electron-affinic moieties may be directly attached to one of the carbons of the A, B, or C rings of the taxane or indirectly attached via a linker. The linker comprises a chain of 0 to 30 atoms in the chain, S 20 with approximately 10 or less being preferred. The chain atoms are selected from the group consisting of C, O, N, S, Si, and P and are preferably C, N or O. The linker may be linear or cyclic, branched or unbranched, and may contain as substituents, one or more P, C, O, N, S, H, Si 25 or halogen-containing substituents. Exemplary linker substituents include silyls, ethers, thioethers, esters, thioesters, amides, thioamides, amines, alcohol, alkyl, aryl, carbonyl, sulfonyl, phosphoryl, and halogen o: substituents.
30 Preferably, the linker comprises a hydrocarbon osegment consisting of 1 to 6 carbon atoms. It may additionally comprise a carbonyl, ester, thioester, amide, carbonate, thiocarbonate, carbamate, or ether segment. If a non-hydrocarbon segment is included; the non-hydrocarbon segment preferably comprises one or more 42.. 1.
31 ether, carbonate or carbonyl moieties as the nonhydrocarbon segment.
For purposes of illustration, a series of radicals comprising linkers and electronic-affinic moieties falling within the scope of the present invention is set forth as follows: 0N -0 0 NO 2 0 C 0 2 NO 2 0 0 C 1 *0 C N 20I
N
H
P
5 N N NO 2
NO
2 O S 0 NO 2
N/
N
NO
NO
0* wh ri.h i sH hd oab n o u si u e 0 hy r ca b n an*' i y r c rb n o u s i u e hyrcabn Inohrebdmns.h abnlo se likg ofteaoesrcuesmyb elcdb tietro amd likgs In adtin an f~hs radicals may serve as ligands for the previously identified metal species.
The radiosensitizing compounds of the present invention are prepared by linking the electron-affinic moiety to the C2, C4, C7, C9, C10, C14, C3', or carbons of a taxane. The starting material may be deacetyl baccatin III, baccatin III, or another naturally occurring taxane such as 1 4 -hydroxy-l0-deacetylbaccatin III. Alternatively, the taxane may be synthesized from commodity chemicals as set forth in PCT Patent Application No. WO 95/03265.
Taxanes having C13 side chains which incorporate electron-affinic moieties at C3' and/or may be prepared through the use of ?-lactams having the desired substituents and reacting the g-lactam and a C13 metal or ammonium alkoxide of a suitably substituted taxane as more fully described in U.S. Patent 5,430,160.
The S-lactams have the following structural formula: X 0
N
x 3 X Spreviously defined. Preferably, the alkoxide has the
**Y
tetracyclic taxane nucleus and corresponds to the structural formula: Ri M O Iil7 M0111 wherein M is a metal or tetraalkylammonium and R 2
R
4 R R 1 o, and R, 4 are as previously defined.
The electron-affinic moieties can be attached to the C2, C4, C7, C9, C10, and C14 positions of a taxane by a variety of methods. For purposes of illustration, the attachment method will first be described with respect to the C7 position. As will be described elsewhere herein, however, these same methods can be used for the other positions.
Metronidazole, a well known radiosensitizer, and other electron-affinic moieties can be attached via a carbonate linkage by treating baccatin III 2 with carbonyl diimidazole to produce the 7 -carbonylimidazolide 2a, and reacting the product in situ with metronidazole at higher temperature to provide the 7carbonylmetronidazolide 3. A C13 side chain can then be attached to 7-carbonylmetronidazolide 3 by treating it with lithium hexamethyldisilazide and 9-lactam 4, and, after treatment with.HF, to yield a taxane which we have 20 named taxoltere metro 5. This reaction sequence is summarized in the following reaction scheme: 0..
0 i i ft OAc 0 OAc 0 H 0 HOIl oacca
W
HOll lr
HO
PH HO ACO H AC 00 PhPh 0 AcO 0 6 0 baccatin 11I 2 OAc 0 N HOIII N
HNO
'h AO BOC 0 acO 0 0 3 F1
N
9*
OWES
OAc 0 H OH 2 Ho Ph A cO O
O
*9H
/I
:0 4 taxollere metro 9..
linkage, as in taxoltere metro. For example, alcohols 6 ae This method can be used for the preparation of a series of similar radiosensitizing taxanes having different radiosensitizing groups. The intermediate 7carbonylimidazolide 2a reacts smoothly with alcohols to provide the desired radiosensitizing taxanes in which the q radiosensitizing group is attached via a carbonate linkage, as in taxoltere metro. For example, alcohols 6 through 9 will react with the carbonylimidazolide substituent of 2a to yield four other taxanes having radiosensitizing groups linked to C7.
HO HO0 N0 2 6 N2 N N 02 HO HO C
NO
8 9 Attachment of the radiosensitizing group is then followed by attachment of a side chain at C13 in the same manner as it was accomplished for taxoltere metro.
The attachment of a metal atom or metal complex tethered at the C7 position of the taxane core can be 10 accomplished by reacting an allylchloroformate with a taxane having an available C7 hydroxy group and a protected 2' hydroxy group to produce derivative wherein X 3 and X, are as previously defined and P is a hydroxy protecting group. Hydroboration of the allyl 15 carbonate substituent followed by treatment of the borane with mercuric acetate and sodium chloride and deprotection of the C2' hydroxy group gives the mercury *derivative 11, a good radiosensitizer.
OAc 0 H OP 0 P r I A c O r OAc 0 x 3 X I I I x N 0N-11 H OH 11 1 0 HaCI -0 The ester analog of 11 can be prepared by the direct acylation of the C7 hydroxyl group of a 2' hydroxy protected taxane with an acid chloride to produce ester 12. Hydroboration of the allyl ester followed by treatment of the borane with mercuric acetate and sodium chloride gives the ester analog of mercury derivative 11.
0 x3 o X 5- N N Oil H OH 12 0 0 00 Soo @555 0 050S *00* 0000 0000
S.
S.
.00.
S
S
S
0
S
5 *5 @5 0 0O S
S.
S
Similar chemistry can be used to attach a bidentate ligand to the C7 position, and the metal complex platinum) of the bidentate ligand can then be prepared by introducing an appropriate metallic reactant PtC12 or PtC, (SMe) 2 The bidentate ligand can also incorporate an electron-affinic ligand, and the Pt (II) complex of 13 can be made in this way.
OAc n 0 I I II
N
NO
0 N The length and nature of the linker between the taxane and the electron-affinic group may be altered. It is possible to prepare analogs in which the electronaffinic group is both closer and further away from the taxane than it is in taxoltere metro. An analog with a longer linker can easily be synthesized by incorporating a dicarboxylic acid diester instead of the carbonate between the taxane and metronidazole, 14. The pnitrobenzyl ether 15 and the corresponding pnitrobenzoate are radiosensitizing taxanes in which the electron-affinic group is very close to the taxane.
Alternatively, hydroboration of 10 gives an alcohol, the mesylate of which reacts with, for example, 2-nitro imidazole to provide 16, and the epoxide derived by peracid treatment of 10 reacts with, for example, 2-nitro imidazole to provide 17. Ester analogs of 16 and 17 can be similarly prepared starting from 12.
P OAC
O
IIu Iii l
N
*B U N 01111 SH OH
NO
2 Ph A OAc p h o 002 *1*5 QAc h O t8uO N OII H OH
N
HO N
ZH
0 Ph- ACO O
O
N
QAC0 NO 2 a 0 H OH 1D HO H Ph z J1 Ac 0 O H O H Ac 0 It is also possible to prepare. radiosensitizing ***taxanes having multiple radi osensitizing groups attached to a single linker. For example, reaction of 2 -nitro imidazole with glycidyl chloride at somewhat elevated temperature provides alcohol 18, which then reacts with 2a and with 0-lactam 4 to give radiosensitizing taxane *0
N
0 J N *N 0 0 2
N
N
H OH HO
P
9 AcO 0 0 Electron-affinic moieties can be attached to the C10 position of a taxane possessing a C10 hydroxy group, such as 10-DAB, by the methods discussed for attaching the electron-affinic moieties to the C7 position. Taxanes having other C10 substituents described herein may be prepared as more fully described in PCT Patent Application WO 94/15599 and other literature references. For example, taxanes having a 10 keto substituent can be prepared by oxidation of desacetyl taxanes. Taxanes which are dihydro substituted at C10 can be prepared by reacting a C10 hydroxy or acyloxy substituted taxane with samarium diiodide.
Taxanes having acyloxy substituents other than acetate 15 can be prepared by reacting the C10 hydroxy substituent of 10-deacetyl baccatin III with any standard acylating agent such as anhydrides, acid chlorides, acyl imidazoles or other activated carboxyl derivatives. Taxanes having a C10 carbonate substituent can be prepared by using an 20 analogous chloroformate instead of the acid chloride.
Electron-affinic moieties can be attached to the C9 position of a taxane possessing a C9 hydroxy group by the methods discussed for attaching the electronaffinic moieties to the C7 position. As more fully described in PCT Patent Application WO 94/20088, the C9 the C9 keto substituent of taxol, 10-DAB, baccatin III or can be selectively reduced to yield the corresponding C9 0-hydroxy derivative with a borohydride, preferably tetrabutylammonium borohydride (Bu 4
NBH
4 or triacetoxyborohydride. The C9 0-hydroxy derivative can then be protected at C7 with a hydroxy protecting group and the C9 hydroxy group can be acylated following the methods described herein for acylation of the C7 hydroxy group.
Alternatively, reaction of 7-protected-93hydroxy derivative with KH causes the acetate group (or other acyloxy group) to migrate from C10 to C9 and the hydroxy group to migrate from C9 to C10, thereby yielding a 10-desacetyl derivative, which can be acylated as described elsewhere herein.
As more fully described in PCT Patent Application WO 94/17050, C7 dihydro and other C7 substituted taxanes can be prepared by tin hydride reduction of the C7 xanthate. C7 fluoro-substituted taxanes can be prepared by treatment of C13triethylsilyl-protected baccatin III with 2-chloro-, 1,2trifluorotriethylamine at room temperature in THF 20 solution. Other baccatin derivatives with a free C7 hydroxyl group behave similarly. Alternatively, 7-chloro baccatin III can be prepared by treatment of baccatin III with methanesulfonyl chloride and triethylamine in methylene chloride solution containing an excess of 25 triethylamine hydrochloride. Taxanes having C7 acyloxy o* substituents can be prepared as set forth in the following reaction scheme. 7 ,13-protected derivative is converted to its corresponding C13 alkoxide by selectively removing the C13 protecting group and replacing it with a metal such as lithium. The alkoxide is then reacted with a /-lactam or other side chain precursor. Subsequent hydrolysis of the C7 protecting groups causes a migration of the C7 hydroxy substituent to C10, migration of the C10 oxo substituent to C9, and ,s migration of the C9 acyloxy substituent to C7.
LI
WTY
OP,
HF, py 0
LHMOS
OP,
Pn 0 A 0
OP,
0 Ac 0 2 4 4 *4*4 44*4 4 *44.
*4*4 4* 4* I 1, TH C2 H, Pyr i di ne. CH CN fnH
X
4
X
OAc Taxanes having alternative C2 and/or C4 esters or carbonates which optionally may contain an electronaffinic moiety as described elsewhere herein can be prepared using baccatin III and 10-DAB as starting materials. The C2 and/or C4 esters of baccatin III and can be selectively reduced to the corresponding alcohol(s) using reducing agents such as LAH or Red-Al, and new esters can thereafter be substituted using standard acylating agents such as anhydrides and acid chlorides in combination with an amine such as pyridine, triethylamine, DMAP, or diisopropyl ethyl amine.
43 Alternatively, the C2 and/or C4 alcohols may be converted to new C2 and/or C4 esters through formation of the corresponding alkoxide by treatment of the alcohol with a suitable base such as LDA followed by an acylating agent.
such as an acid chloride... The coresponding. carbonates can be prepared by substituting a chloroformate for the analogous acid chloride.
Baccatin III and 10-DAB analogs having different substituents at C2 and/or.C4 can be prepared as set forth in Reaction Schemes
C
2 -l to C 2 To simplify the description, 10-DAB is used as the starting material and only the ester products are shown. It should be understood, however, that other starting materials and reactants may be substituted to yield the other C2 and C4 substituted compounds disclosed herein.
In the Reaction Scheme C 2 l, protected 10-DAB is converted to the triol 21 with lithium aluminum hydride. Triol 21 is then.converted to the corresponding C4 ester using C12CO in pyridine followed by a 20 nucleophilic agent Grignard reagents or alkyllithium reagents) wherein Z, is as defined elsewhere herein.
Reaction Scheme C,-1 0 TES O TE I :c OTE T~M SOti 0OT E S TM S01111
LAH
p y d-iCIin 0TE T NI Si 011 r MSQI i 2 L i o r z 2 mg~r a a a a. a.
Deprotonation of triol 21 with LDA followed by S introduction of an acid chloride selectively gives the C4 ester. For example, when acetyl chloride was used, triol 21 was converted to 1,2 diol 24 as set forth in Reaction Scheme C 2 -2 wherein Z 4 is as defined elsewhere he-rein.
Reaction Scheme C,-2 OTE S TM SOnil LOA TMSOimiI z,,COC I 1 8 Triol 21 can also readily be converted to the 1,2 carbonate 22. Acetylation of carbonate 22 under vigorous standard conditions provides carbonate 25 as described in Reaction Scheme addition of alkyllithiums or Grignard reagents to carbonate 22 provides the C2 ester 24 having a free hydroxyl group at C4 as set forth in Reaction Scheme C 2
-I.
Reaction Scheme C,-3
OTES
rMSOiiil,
OTES
C 1 2C1 I rci co Pvridine
OTES
4 4..
4* 4.
4 *44* NMA P
OTES
4444 4 4 44.4 4 4 444* 4 4 *4*4 4.
4 4 444 4 TMSOII< o Z /I AcO O o 10 As set forth in Reaction Scheme C 2 other C4 substituents can be provided by reacting carbonate 22 with an acid chloride and a tertiary amine to yield carbonate 26 which is then reacted with alkyllithiums or Grignard reagents to provide 10-DAB derivatives 27 having new substituents at C2 wherein Z, and Z 4 are as-defined elsewhere herein.
Reaction Scheme C.,-4 OTE S CT EzS TMSOmiiI/ TMSOmi C 1 2
CO
HO HO E 2 1 22 Qy 10i n c iDMA P OTE ES
OTE
T /.50 mTS- OE 2L i or !SIt', HO 0 0 .Mg~r H 096:I z,4co6 0' 27 26 *Alternatively, baccatin III may be used as a starting material and reacted as shown in Reaction Scheme
C
2 After being protected at C7 and C13, baccatin III is reduced with LAH- to produce 1,2,4,10 tetraol 29.
Tetraol 29 is converted to carbonate 30 using C1 2 CO and pyridine, and carbonate 30 is acylated at C10 with an **.acid chloride and pyridine to produce carbonate 31 (as 10 shown) or with acetic anhydride and pyridine (not shown).
Acetylation of carbonate 31 under vigorous standard conditions provides carbonate 32 which is then reacted.
with alkyl lithiums to provide the baccatin III derivatives 33 having new substituents at C2 and wherein Z 2 and Z 10 are as def ined elsewhere herein.
OAC
-Cs HOmi 1) TESC i py 2) TMSC I OMAP Imiaazole, OME I L AlH T MSOim TMS1ii pyr i d in 9 9 9 9 9 .99 9 9. 9 9* 9 9.
9 z 1 0c 0c I pyr i d ine 48 OCOZ OCc. 1 OTES Ac OTE TMSOIll A 2 TMSOtI
OMAP
o o n HO O AcO' 0 0 31 Z2Li 0 C! 0 0
OTES
TMSOIIII
AcO 0 S0 33 Taxanes having radiosensitizing groups at the C14 position, the point of attachment of R 14 as depicted elsewhere herein, may be prepared using the same 5 or similar methods as those described elsewhere herein with respect to attaching radiosensitizing groups to the C7 position of the taxane. The starting material for these compounds may be, for example, a hydroxylated taxane (14-hydroxy-10-deacetylbaccatin III) which has 10 been discovered in an extract of yew needles (C&EN, p 36- 37, April 12, 1993) Derivatives of this.hydroxylated taxane having the various C2, C4, C7, C9, C10, C3' and CS' functional groups described above may also be prepared by using this hydroxylated taxane. In addition, the C14 hydroxy group together with the C1 hydroxy group of 10-DAB can be converted to a 1,2-carbonate as 3 described in C&EN or it may be converted to a variety of 49 esters or other functional groups as otherwise described herein in connection with the C2, C4, C9 and substituents.
The taxane radiosensitizers of the present invention can be combined wit:hvarious excipient vehicles and/or adjuvants well.. known in this art which serve as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers to permit drug administration in the form of, injections, suspensions, emulsions, tablets, capsules, and ointments.
These pharmaceutical compositions, containing a radiosensitizing amount of the described substituted diamine compounds, may be administered by any acceptable means which results in the radiosensitization of tumor cells. For warm-blooded animals, and in particular, for humans undergoing radiotherapy treatment, administration can be oral, parenteral, subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular and/or intraperitoneal. To destroy tumor cells, the. pharmaceutical.composition containinq the.
radiosensit-izing diamines are administered in an amount 20 effective to radiosensitize.. the tumor cells (in the range of 1 to 100 mg/kg for humans). The specific dosage administered will be dependent upon such factors as the general health and physical condition of the patient as well as his age and weight, the stage of the patient's 25 disease condition, and the existence of any concurrent Streatments.
After administration of the radiosensitizing composition to the tumor cells and the passage of a time interval sufficient to enhance radiosensitization of the tumor cells, the tumor cells are irradiated with a dose of radiation effective to destroy the tumor cells.
Generally, the patient will receive a total radiation dosage of about 60 to 76 Gy over seven to eight weeks, each individual radiation dose to be given within approximately i to 4 hours after administration of the -RAZ radiosensitizer. Such sequences of radiosensitization treatments and irradiation are repeated as needed to abate and, optimally, reduce or eliminate, the spread of the malignancy.
Definitions The "hydrocarbon" moieties described herein are organic compounds or radicals consisting exclusively of the elements carbon and hydrogen. These moieties include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl moieties. These moieties also include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl moieties substituted with other aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbon groups, such as alkaryl, alkenaryl and alkynaryl. Preferably, these moieties comprise 1 to carbon atoms.
The alkyl groups described herein are preferably lower alkyl containing from one to six carbon atoms in the principal chain and up to 20 carbon atoms.
They may be straight or branched chain and include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, hexyl and the like. They may be substituted with aliphatic or cyclic 20 hydrocarbon radicals or hetero-substituted with the various substituents defined herein.
The alkenyl groups described herein are preferably lower alkenyl containing from two to six carbon atoms in the principal chain and up to 20 carbon atoms. They may be straight or branched chain and include ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, isobutenyl, hexenyl, and the like. They may be substituted with aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbon radicals or hetero-substituted with the various substituents defined herein.
The.alkynyl groups described herein are preferably lower alkynyl containing from two to six carbon atoms in the principal chain and up to 20 carbon atoms. They may be straight or branched chain and include ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, isobutynyl, hexynyl, and the like. They may be substituted with aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbon radicals or hetero-substituted with the various substituents defined herein.
The aryl moieties described herein contain from 6.-to 20' carbon atoms-and include phenyl. They may be hydrocarbon or-heterosubstituted with- rhe.various substituents defined herein. Phenyl is the more preferred aryl.
The heteroaryl moieties described are heterocyclic compounds or radicals which are analogous to aromatic compounds or radicals and which contain a total of 5 to 20 atoms,.usually 5 or 6 ring atoms, and at least one atom other than carbon, such as furyl, thienyl, pyridyl and the like. The heteroaryl moieties may be substituted with hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon or hetero-atom containing substituents with the hetero-atoms being selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, silicon-, phosphorous, boron, sulfurand halogens.. These substituents.. inc.ude.-lower alkoxy 20 such as methoxy, et-hoxy, butoxy.; halogen_-such as cl.horo or fluoro; ethers; acetals; ketals; esters; heteroaryl such as furyl or thienyl; alkanoxy; hydroxy; protected hydroxy; acyl; acyloxy; nitro; amino; and amido.
The heterosubstituted hydrocarbon moieties 25 described herein are hydrocarbon moieties which are substituted with at least one atom other than carbon, including moieties in which a carbon chain atom is substituted.with a hetero atom such as nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorous, boron, sulfur, or a halogen atom.
S: 30 These substituents include lower alkoxy such as methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy; halogen such as chloro or fluoro; ethers; acetals; ketals; esters; heteroaryl such as furyl or thienyl; alkanoxy; hydroxy; protected hydroxy; acyl; acyloxy; nitro; amino; and armido.
The acyl moieties described herein contain hydrocarbon, substituted hydrocarbon or heteroaryl moieties.
The alkoxycarbonyloxy moieties described herein comprise lower hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon moieties.
The term "taxane" as used herein, denotes compounds containing the A, B and C rings (with numbering of the ring positions shown herein): 11 to As used herein "Ac" means acetyl; "AIBN" means azo-(bis)-isobutyronitrile; "Ar" means aryl; "BMDA" means BrMgNiPr 2 "BOC" means butyloxycarbonyl; "BOM" means :benzyloxymethyl; "10-DAB" means 10-desacetylbaccatin III; 15 "DBU" means diazabicycloundecane; "DMAP" means p-dimethylamino pyridine; "DDQ" means dicyanodichloroquinone; "DMF" means dimethylformamide; "Et" 0e means ethyl; "FAR" means 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoro- 0.o triethylamine; "iPr" means isopropyl; "LAH" means lithium aluminum hydride; "LDA" means lithium diisopropylamide; "LHMDS" means lithium hexamethyldisilazide; "LTMP" means lithium tetramethylpiperidide; "mCPBA" means metachloroperbenzoic acid; "Me" means methyl; "MOP" means 2- :methoxy-2-propyl; "Ms" means CH 3 "Ph" means phenyl; S: 25 "protected hydroxy" means -OP or -OT wherein P or T is a :hydroxy protecting group; "py" means pyridine; means g lower alkyl unless otherwise defined; "Red-Al" means sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy) aluminum hydride; "Swern" means (COC1) 2 Et 3 N; "TASF" means tris(diethylamino)sulfoniumdifluorotrimethyl-silicate; "TBAF" means Stetrabutylammonium fluoride; "tBu" and "t-Bu" means tertbutyl; "ITBSI" means Me;,t.-BuSi-; "TES" means triethylsilyl; "ITf"I means _SO 2 3 "ITMS"I means trimethyl-silyj;
'"TPAP"
means tetrapropylammonium perruthenate.; and "lTs" means toluenesulfoiyl. "Hydroxy protecting group" includes, S but is- not- limited to., aceta-ls- having. two_ to tenT carbo"s, ketals having- twcr,-- 11o. ten: carbons, ethers- such: as methyl.-, t-butyl, benzyl, p-inetboxybenzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, allyl, triLtyl, methoxymethyl, methoxyethoxymethyl1, ethoxyethyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothi opyranyl, and trialkylsilyl ethers such as trimethylsilyl ether, triethylsilyl ether,' dimethylarylsily. ether, triisopropylsilyl. ether and t-butyldimethylsiLlyl ether; esters such as benzoyl, acetyl, phenylacetyl, iformyl, mono-, di-, and trihaloacetyl such as chloroacetyi., dichioroacetyl, trichioroacetyl, trifluoroacetyl; and carbonates including but not limited to alky. carbonates having from one to six carbon atoms such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t--bjutyl; isobuty.l, n-pentyl;, alkyl carbonat.,;havihg- from one to six:-.
carbon -atoms and' substituted with--one. or more ha-logen atoms such-as 2 2 72-trichloro-ethoxymet-hyI and*2;2,2-tri-.
chioroethyl; alkenyl carbonates having from two to six carbon atoms such as vinyl and allyl; cycloalkyl carbonates having from three to six carbon atoms such as cyclopropyl,' cyciobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; and phenyl or benzyl carbonates optionally substituted on the ring with one or more alkoxy, or nitro.- Other hydroxyl protecting groups may be found in "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis" by T. W. Greene, John Wiley and Sons, 1981.
To further illustrate and explain the invention, several examples are presented below.
EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of 7-(metronidazoleoxycarbonyl)baccatin
III
hn-4-99-4d-2-1 To a solution of baccatin III (100 mg, 0.170 mmol) in anhydrous 1,2-dichloroethane (1 mL) under nitrogen was added 1,l'-carbonyldiimidazole (55 mg, 0.40 mmol) and the reaction mixture was warmed up to 60 OC and stirred at that temperature for 10 h at which time the reaction was complete. Metronidazole (292 mg, 1.72 mmol) was added (neat) and the mixture was refluxed under nitrogen atmosphere. The progress of the reaction was monitored by NMR. When the reaction was complete (approximately three days) the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, brine. The organic layer was separated, dried and concentrated. The crude mixture was purified by flash chromatography to give 81 mg of the 7- (metroronidazole-oxycarbonyl)baccatin III: mp. 220-223 OC; [lac 25= -44.9 'H NMR (CDC1 3 500 MHz) 6 8.10 J=7.1 Hz, 2H, benzoate), 7.96 1H, imidazole), 7.62-7.46 3H, benzoate), 6.28 1H, H10), 5.61 J=6.8 Hz, 1H, H23), 5.49 1H, H7) 4.96 J=8.2 Hz, 1H, H5), 4.85 (br s, 1H, H 13 4.62-4.43 4H, methylenes), 4.31 (d, 25 J=8.5 Hz, 1H, H20a) 4.13 J=7.5 Hz, 1H, H200) 3.99 J=6.8 Hz, 1H, H3), 2.59 1H, H6a), 2.50 3H, CH3-imidazole), 2.29 5H, 4Ac, H14's), 2.13 3H, 10Ac), 2.10 (br s, 3H, Mel8) 2.06 J=5 Hz, 1H, 130H), 1.9 1H, H63), 1.77 3H, Mel9), 1.59 1H, 30 1.17 3H, Mel7), 1.08 3H, Mel6).
EXAMPLE 2 Preparation of N-debenzoy-l- N- (t-butylcarbamoyl) 7- (metronidazoleoxycarbny.l) taxol. (Taxoltere metro) 0 Ph 0 Ii t 0 7- N 0N.N 0 hn-4-119-2 To a solution of 7 -(metronidazoleoxycarbonyl) baccatin 111 (31 mg, 0 .039 mmol) in 0.3 m.L of THF at 0 C was added dropwise 0.048 rmb of a 1.00. M sol~ution of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in THE. After 0.5 h at -45 OC, a solution of cis-1-(t-butoxycarbonyl).3triethylsilyloxy4..phenylazetidin.2 -one (75 mg, 0.20 mmol)-i 0.'3.ijL of.THF'..was adde---dropwi"se.to the mixture.
***Thb8 solutionwas- warmned: to.- 0 C_.anid...kept at that temp.erature-,for--i kr. befbre -0.2 rnL of a 10%- solution of AcOH in'THF'was added. The mixture was partitioned .between saturated aqrueous NaHCO 3 and 60/40 ethyl acetate/ hexane. Evaporation of the organic layer gave a residue which was purified by filtration through silica gel to give-45.0 mg of a mixture containing triethylsilyl.N-debnzoyl.N (t-butylcarbamoyl) -7- (metronidazoleoxycarbonyl) taxol and a small amount of the isomer.
:To a solution of 45.0'mg of the mixture Sobtained from the previous reaction in 1.5 mL of acetonitrile and 0.6G mL of pyrlidine at 0 0 Cwas added 0.2 mL. of 4801 aqueous HF. The mixture was stirred at 0 0
C
for 3 1, Lhexn at'25 OC for 1.3 h. and partitioned between sat;ijxaied aquieous sod_ i bicarbonate an-dt ethyl acetate.
Evaporation of the ethyl acetate solution gave 40.8 mg of material which was purified by plug filtration and recrystallization from methanol/water to give 32.3 mg (7911) of N-debenzoyl-N- Ct-butylcarbamoyl) -7- (metronidazoleoxy-carbonyl) taxol. m.p. 169-172 OC; [a] 2 5 Na -52 0 C (0.0035, CHCl 3 1H NMR CCDC1 3 300 Mflz) 6 8.10 Cd, J=7.1 Hz, 2H, benzoate), 7.96 1H, imidazole), 7.62-7.26 Cm, 8H, benzoate,31phenyl), 6.25 1H, H10), 6.18 (dd, J =8.8, 8.8 Hz, 1H, H13), 5.65 J=7.1 Hz, 1H, H20), 5.44-5.21 Cm, 3H, NHL, H3', H21), 4.91 Cd, J=9.9 Hz, *1H, H5), 4.62 Cm, 4H, methylenes), 4.44 Cm, 1H, H7), 4.31 Cd, J 8.2 Hz, 1H, H2O0a) 4. 15 Cd, J 8. 2 Hz, 1H, 1-2 3. 90 Cd, J=7.l1 Hz, 1H, H3) 3. 35 J- 5.5S Hz, 1H, 2'OH) 2.59 Cm, 1H, H6a), 2.49 Cs, 3H, CH3-imidazole), 2.36 Cs, 3H, 4Ac), 2.31 Cm, 2H, H14) 2.13 Cs, 3H, 1OAc) 1. 95 Cm, 1H, H6)3), 1.88 Cbr s, 3H, Mel8), 1.77 Cs, 3H, Me19), 1.70 Cs, 1H, 1.34 Cs, 9H, t-butyl), 1.23 Cs, 3H, Mel7), 1.15 Cs, 3H, Me16).
EXAMPLE 3.
20 Preparation of N-debenzoyl-N- (t-butylcarbamoyl) 3' -desphenyl-3 C4-nitrophenyl) taxol. (Taxoltere p-nip) NO 2
OAC
0H t8uO N 0 Oili11I
OH
0ACO 0 hn -2-66 -3 To a solution of 7-triethylsilyl baccatin III (120 mg, 0.171 mmol) in 1.2 mL of THF at -45 OC was added dropwise 0.104 mL of a 1.63 M solution of nBuLi in hexane. After 0.5 h at -45 OC, a solution of cis-1-(tbutoxycarbonyl) -3-triethylsilyloxy-4- (4nitrophenyl) azetidin-2 -one (361 mg, 0.885 mind) in 1.2 mL.
of THE was added dropwise- to the_ mixture, The solution.
was warmed to 0 OC and kept.- at that.. temnperature.. for 1. h.
before 1 mL of a 10i solution of AcOH in THE was added.
The mixture was partitioned between saturated aqueous NaHCO 3 and 60/40 ethyl acetate/hexane. Evaporation of the organic layer gave a residue which was purified by filtration through silica gel to give 192 mg of a mixture containing 7.-(bis)triethylsilyl-N-debenzoyl.
N- (t-butylcarbamoyl) -desphenyl-3' -nitrophenyl) taxol and a -very small. amount of the 3'R) isomter.
To a solution of 192 mg of the mixture obtained from the previous reaction in 11. mL of acetonitrile and 0.55 mL of pyridine at 0 OC was added 1.7 mL of 48%aqueous HF,. The mixture was- stirredat 0. 0 C for 3 h, then at 25 CC for 13 h, and partitioned between. saturated- 20 aqueous sodium bicarbonate. and-- ethylacetate-.
Evaporation of the ethyl acetate solution gave 153 mg of material which was purified' by flash chromatogiaphy to give 140 mng of N-debenzoyl-- (t-butylcar.baioyl) -31 desphenyl-3 (4-nitrophenyl.) taxol, which was recrystallized from methanol/water.
m~p 17-173 oC; [~i 2 5 a m-4 OC (c 0.0046, CHCl) EXAMPLE 4 Biological Studies of Taxoltere Metro and Taxoltere p-nip 4.1. In vitro chemotherapeutic activity.
S 306 Chinese hamster ovary (CHOI) and human colon carcinoma (HCT-116) cells were treated wlth different concentrat ions of taxol,. taxoltejr, _metro, or taxoltei2e pnip at 37 OC for 24 hours. .Cell survival was evaluated bthe colony forming assay. As shown in Figures I and 2, both taxoltere metro and taxoltere p-nip are much more efficient than taxol in killing CHO and HCT-116 cells.
At the 50% survival level, taxoltere metro is about times, and taxoltere p-nip is about 45 times, more effective than taxol in killing CHO cells; measured at the 1% survival level, taxoltere metro is about 10 times, and taxoltere p-nip is about 30 times, more effective than taxol in killing HCT-116 cells. As illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, both taxoltere.metro and taxoltere p-nip exhibit significantly stronger ability than taxol to kill both types of cells at every drug dose point.
4.2. In vitro chemotherapeutic radiosensitization. These studies were carried out as above except that cells were irradiated (General Electric Maxitron 300 at 250 kvp and 20 mA (HVL 20 mm Al filter; dose rate of 2 Gy/min) after two hours incubation.
Figures 3 and 4 show the results of experiments in which cells were subjected to different radiation doses in the presence or absence of drugs. Both taxoltere metro and 20 taxoltere p-nip strongly radiosensitize both CHO and HCT-116 cells, although taxol does not. For CHO cells, the sensitizer enhancement ratio (SER) is 2.3 for 100 nM taxoltere metro and 1.6 for taxoltere p-nip. For HCT-116 cells, taxoltere metro shows a SER of 1.2 at the (low) 25 dose of 10 nM, and taxoltere p-nip has a SER of 1.5. At each radiation dose point, there is a significantly enhanced decrease in the surviving fraction for the taxoltere metro and taxoltere p-nip treated groups, but not for the taxol treated groups. HCT-116 cells are more 30 sensitive to both taxoltere metro and taxoltere p-nip than CHO cells, hence lower concentrations of the drugs are required for a significant enhancement of radiation induced cell killing.
4.3. In vivo drug toxicity. Acute toxicity experiments were conducted on C3H/HeJ mice. The LDs (lethal dose to 50% of animals) values were determined by standard procedures described by Chan and Hayes (Chan, P.K. and Hayes, A.W. Principles and Methods for acute toxicity and eye irritancy. In Hayes, ed.
Principles and Methods of Toxicity. 2nd Ed., New York, New York, Raven Press; 1989: 169220). The LD 5 0/s for i.p.
taxoltere metro is 249.67 mg/kg, compared with 140.97 mg/kg for i.p. taxol. At high drug dose levels, the death of mice in the taxol treated groups occurred sooner than the death of mice in the taxoltere metro treated groups. Severe toxic symptoms such as the constriction of pupils and the contraction of erectile tissue of hair follicles (resulting in rough hair) were observed 24 hours after drug administration in the taxol treated groups, but not in the taxoltere metro treated groups.
Obviously, the acute toxicity of taxoltere metro is significantly lower than that of taxol. The LDs 0 /s values 20 are 79.13 mg/kg for administration of taxoltere pnip and 134.16 mg/kg for i.v. administration of.taxoltere p-nip. The data strongly demonstrate that taxoltere p- "..nip is significantly less toxic when administered i.v.
than it is when administered i.p.
25 4.4. In vivo chemotherapeutic activity.
Taxol, taxoltere metro, and taxoltere p-nip were administered at equitoxic doses using C3H/Hej mice bearing a mouse mammary adenocarcinoma (MTG-B) in the right flank. As illustrated in Figure 5, taxol-metro is 0o 30 much more effective than taxol in increasing the life span of mammary tumor-bearing mice. The survival time for control mice was 13 days. At 40% of the LDs 5 /s dose, taxol increased the survival time by 31% to 17 days, and taxoltere metro increased the survival time by 123% to- 29 cdays. Taxoltere p-nip (Figure 6) is substantially more r ib a potent, increasing the life span by 1015% to 145 days (dose-response data not shown because only a single dose of LD 50 1 s) was studied). Thus, under equitoxic conditions, taxoltere metro was 4 times, and taxoltere pnip was 33 times, more effective than taxol.
Two experiments in which fractionated lower doses (20% of LDSOs) of taxol, taxoltere metro and taxoltere p-nip were administered to MTG-B tumor bearing C3H/Hej mice have been carried out. In the first of these, drugs were administered on a q7d x 4 schedule (Figure As shown in Figure 8, tumor doubling times are greatly extended by taxoltere metro and are even further extended by taxoltere p-nip on this administration schedule. In the second experiment (Figure drugs were administered on a qlld x4 schedule. Using this schedule, tumor doubling times (shown in Figure 10) are again greatly extended, with taxoltere metro producing the better results. Efficacy is positively correlated with frequency of injection 20 smaller intervals between injections). On both schedules, taxoltere metro and taxoltere p-nip exhibit..
significantly stronger antitumor effects than taxol.
In vivo chemotherapeutic radiosensitization. MTG-B tumor bearing C3H/Hej mice 25 received single equitoxic drug doses i.p. (40% of LDs0/s) One day later the mice were placed in a lead holder (with the tumor-bearing hind leg exposed) and the tumor was [-subjected to a 22 Gy Xray dose (Figure 11). As shown in .Figure 12, tumor doubling times (TDT) of 3.5 days 30 (control), 8.5 days (22 Gy Xray exposure alone), 14.5 days (taxol alone), 19.5 days (taxol plus 22 Gy Xray), 20.5 days (taxoltere metro alone), and 29.5 days (taxoltere metro plus 22 Gy Xray) were observed. Equally large effects were observed when mice were given c- taxoltere metro two hours prior to irradiation (data not shown). Taxoltere p-nip alone (TDT 3D 36.5 days) is even more effective in delaying tumor growth (Figure 12), and the combination of taxoltere p-nip plus 22 Gy produced a TDT of 65 days.
Administration of taxoltere p-nip i.v. (24% of LDs0/s) (Figure 13), gave a tumor doubling time of 52 days (Figure 14), approximately equivalent to the results obtained from i.p. administration.
4.6. Cure Rates. The term "cure" is defined by the U.S. National Cancer Institute as tumor-free survival for at least twice the survival time of control tumor-bearing mice, therefore we have used 28 days tumor-free to define a "cure" in this system. The cure rate is 40% for mice treated i.p. with taxoltere p-nip alone at a single dose, and 75% for the combination of taxoltere p-nip and 22 Gy (Figure 15). Similarly, a single i.v. injection of.taxoltere.p-nip alone induces a cure rate of 17%, and an 83% cure rate-was observed for the combination of taxoltere p-nip and 22 Gy (Figure-16), 20 even though this experiment was conducted with a lower dose (24% of LDs/,) Although in this latter group one tumor recurred after 40 days, some treated mice have remained tumor-free for more than one year, and still survive.
4 *4* 25. As shown in Figure 17, administration of taxoltere p-nip iv at 40% of LDs 5 /s produced a cure rate of 50%, and iv administration of taxoltere p-nip at 40% of LDs/s in combination with 22 Gy radiation produced a cure rate of 100%. Cure rate as a function of drug dose is 30 shown in Figure 18.
In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results attained.
As various changes could be made in the above S oumnpounds and methods without departing from the scope of
F
62 the invention it is intended that all matter contained in the above description shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
With~ refer-ence to the use of the w~ord(s) "conprisez" Or "1camprises" or "1caipising" in the foregoing description and/or in the following cl~aims, w~e note that unless the context requires otherwise, those words are used an the basi and clear understanding that they are to be interpreted inclusively, 'rather* than exclusively, and that w~e intend eah of those w~ords to be so interpreted in Construing the foregoing desription and/or the following claims.
ST*
Claims (13)
1. A compound comprising a taxane containing at least 2 electron-affinic radiosensitizing functional groups, wherein the radiosensitizing moieties containing the electron-affinic groups are selected from: carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic moieties which possess one or more carbonyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen, nitro, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, phosphoryl, oxide or cyano groups; (ii) heterocyclic aromatic moieties containing two or more heteroatoms; (iii) metal complexes and (iv) organo-metallic groups in which the metal is covalently bonded to carbon; provided that at least one radio-sensitizing group is other than a carbocyclic aromatic moiety.
2. The compound of claim 1 wherein at least one of the radiosensitizing groups is a nitro-substituted carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic moiety which is attached to the C2, C4, C7, C9, C10 or C14 position of the taxane.
3. The compound of claim 1 wherein said radiosensitizing groups are independently selected from nitro-substituted carbocyclic and heterocyclic aromatic moieties 15 and wherein at least one of said radiosensitizing groups is attached to the C2, C4, C7, C9, or C14 position of the taxane.
4. A compound corresponding to the structure: ID 1 SO F- .1 ,9 7 a* 7 a I, £c I l 1-A i 7 S I wherein M comprises ammonium or is a metal; R, is hydrogen or hydroxy; R 2 is -OT 2 -OCOZ2, -OCOOZ,, RSG, or RSG 2 R 4 is -OCOZ,, -OCOOZ 4 RSG or RSG,; R, is hydrogen, halogen, -OCOZ.,, -OCOOZ, RSG, r RSG 2 R9 is ydrogen, keto, -OCOZ,.. OCOrOZe RSG L or _Z1 !yc 64 Rio is hydrogen, keto, -OTo,, -OCOZIo, -OCOOZo 0 RSG, or RSG 2 R 9 and independently have the alpha or beta stereochemical configuration; R1 3 is hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, MO- or 0 0 II x4 23 I|I H x2 X R 14 is hydrogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, RSG, or RSG 2 T T 4 T 9 and T 10 are independently hydrogen or hydroxy protecting group; X, is -OX,; X, is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; X 3 is alkyl, heterosubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, heterosubstituted alkenyl, alkynyl, heterosubstituted alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; X 4 is hydrogen, alkyl, heterosubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, heterosubstituted alkenyl, alkynyl, heterosubstituted alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; Xs is -X 10 -OX 10 -SX 11 or -NXX11; X 6 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, *s* hydroxy protecting group or a functional group which increases the water solubility of the taxane derivative; S: X 8 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, RSG, or RSG 2 X 10 is alkyl, heterosubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, heterosubstituted alkenyl, alkynyl, heterosubstituted alkynyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; is hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, RSG, or RSG,; Z 2 Z4, Z 9 and are independently hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; RSG 1 is an electron-affinic noiety other than aryloyloxy; RSG 2 is -L,-(RSG 1 )n provided RSG2 is not aryloyloxy; L is a linker comprising a chain of 1 to atoms in the chain, the atoms being selected from the group consisting of C, O, N, S, Si, and P; and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1; :provided that the compound contains at least one radiosensitizing group attached to the C2, C4, C7, C9, C10, C14, or C5' positionof the compound.
5. The compound of claim 4 wherein RSG, is an electron-affinic group selected..from the group consisting of heterocyclic aromatic moieties which possess one or more carbonyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen, nitro, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, phosphoryl, oxide or cyano groups, (ii) heterocyclic aromatic moieties containing two or more heteroatoms, (iii) metal 9 complexes, and (iv) organo-metallic groups in which the metal is covalently bonded to carbon.
6. The compound of claim 4 wherein RSG, is selected from the group consisting of imidazoles, triazoles, pyridines, benzamides, nicotinamides, benzotriazine oxides, furans, thiophenes, oxazoles and thiozoles possessing one or more carbonyl, trifluoromethyl, halogen, nitro, sulfonyl, sulfinyl, phosphoryl, oxide or cyano groups. 66
7. The compound of claim 4 wherein R, is hydrogen or hydroxy; R 2 is -OCOZ 2 RSGI, or RSG 2 R, is -OCOZ,, RSG, or RSG 2 R7, is hydrogen, halogen, -OCOZ 7 RSGj or R 9 is hydrogen, keto, -CT 9 -OCOZ 9 RSG 1 or RSG 2 R 1 is hydrogen, keto, -CT 10 -0C0Z 10 RSG, or RSG 2 RSG 2 R 13 is 0 0 0 0 U is hydrogen, hydroxy or protected hydroxy; T 2 T 4 T 7 T 9 and TI 0 are independently hydrogen or hydroxy protecting group; X, is -OX 6 X 2 is hydrogen; X 3 is alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; X, is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; is -X 10 -OX 10 -SX 11 or Nl- X. is hydrogen or hydroxy protecting group; X 8 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, RSG3. or RSG 2 X 10 is alkyl, alkenyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or hetero'substituted heteroaryl; Z 2 1 Z 4 1 Z 7 Z 9 and Z,. 0 are independently hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroarvJ3 RSG 1 is an electron -affinic mroiety other than aryloyloxy; RSG 2 is -L-(RSC nprovided RSG 2is not ar-yloyloxy; 67 L is a linker comprising a chain of 1 to 10 atoms in the chain, the atoms being selected from the group cons i sting of C, 0, N, S, Si, and 2; and n is 1 or. 2, provided that the compound contains at least one radiosensitizing group attached to the C2, C4, C7, C9, C10, C14, ocC5' Positin of the cornpund. S. The compound of claim 4 wherein RSGI is a heterocyclic aromatic moiety containing two or more heteroatoms.
9. The compound of claim 4 wherein RSG 1 is a metal complex. The compound of claim 4 wherein RSG, is selected from the group consisting imidazoles, triazoles, pyridines, benzamides, furans, thiJophenes, oxazoles and thiozoles possessing one or more nitro groups.
11. A compound corresponding to the structure: a a 8 9 1 R, is RSG, or R is -(,,1pCZ 1 C O 4 S o S R7 is hydrogeno hroexy; ,-CZ7 OOZ-,R or is ZS, o RG 2 R is hydrogen, halog, -OCOZ, -COOZI, r R SG 2 Ris hydrogen, keto, -OT, OCOZ,, -OCOZ,, RSG or Ijs R 1 is hyrgn eo 10 ,-Cz -C0ZRS 1 o bFVCer 68 Rg, and independently have the alpha or beta stereochemical configuration; R, 3 is hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, MO- or Q 0 C 4 X 2 0 x x H 2 R, 4 is hydrogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, RSG 1 or RSG 2 T 2 T 4 T 9 and TIo are independently hydrogen or hydroxy protecting group; X, is -OX,; X is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; X 3 and X 4 are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl or RSG,; X 5 is -Xi 0 -OX 10 -SX 10 or -NXXo 0 X 6 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy protecting group or a functional group which increases the water solubility of the taxane derivative; X 8 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, RSG, or RSG 2 XIo is hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, RSGj or RSG 2 Z 4 Z 9 and Z1o are independently hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; RSG, is an electron-affinic rmiety other than aryloyloxy; RSG, is -L-(RSG) n provided RSG 2 is not aryloyloxy; 69 Lh is a Linker comprising a chain of 2. to 30 atoms in the chain, the atoms being selected from the group consisting of C, 0, N, S, Si, 'and P; and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. J2-. A compound corresponding to the structure.:. P 10 2 C/ wherein M comprises ammonium or is a metal; R, is hydrogen or hydroxy; R 2 is -0T 2 -OCOZ 2 -CORS 1 oRG 2 R, is RSG, or RSG 2 other than aryloyloxy; R-j is hydrogen,.-halogen.- -OCOZ 7 -C002,,, RSC 1 *or- SG2 R--is.--7,ydrogen, ket-o, OCOZ 9 -GCOOZ 9 RSG, or .RS G 2 is hydrogen, keto, -0TI 0 -0OC0Z,,, -0C00Z 1 0 RSG, or RSG 2 R 9 and independently have the alpha or beta Stereochemical configuration; R, 1 is hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, Mo- or 11x x 4 C 4*V2 R 1 l. is l.ydrogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, RSC or T 2 T 4 T 9 and are independently hydrogen or hydroxy protecting group; Xi is -OX X, is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; X 3 and X 4 are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, or RSG,; Xs is -Xo1, -OX 10 -SX 10 or -NXXo 0 X, is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy protecting group or a functional group which increases the water solubility of the taxane derivative; X, is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, RSG, or RSG 2 X 10 is hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, RSG, or RSG,; Z 9 and Z1 0 are independently hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; RSG, is an electron-affinic moiety; RSG, is -L-(RSGi)n; L is a linker comprising a chain of 1 to atoms in the chain, the atoms being selected from the group consisting of C, O, N, S, Si, and P; and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. 71
13. A comnpo und corresponding to the structure: ''P 8 1 P nl j A~ 6 a 2I 14 P A 4 wherein M coinprises-ammoniumn or is a metal; RI is hydrogen or hydroxy; R. 2 is -CT 2 -OCOZ 2 -OCOOZ 2 RSGi or RSG 2 R. 4 is CT 4 -CCOZ 4 -CCOCZ 4 ,I RSG3. or RSG 2 R, 7 is RS*Gj or RSG, other than aryloyloxy; R. 9 is hydrogen, keto, -CT 9 -CCOZ 9 -OCOCZ 9 RSGi or RSG, 2 ;RS R 1 is hydrogen, keto, -0C0Z,,, or RSG 2 R 9 and P.io independently have the alpha or beta stere-ocheinical configurat-on. Ais.hydroxy. protected:hylroxy., keto, MC- or 0x x 2 H x H* 2 R. 14 is hydrogen,. hydroxy, protected hydroxy, RSG, or P.SG 2 Tr 2 1 14, T9 and are independently hydrogen or hydroxy protecting group; X, is -OX 6 X 2 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon. hetercasubstituted hydrocarbcon, hetero-_ar2yl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; X 3 and X, are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl or RSG,; X s is--X 0 -OXo, -SX, 0 or -NX 8 Xto; X, is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy protecting group or a functional group which increases the water solubility of the taxane derivative; X, is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, RSG, or RSG,; is hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, RSG, or RSG 2 Z4, Z, and Zo are independently hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; RSG is an electron-affinic moiety; RSG, is L is a linker comprising a chain of 1 to 30 atoms in the chain, the atoms being selected from the group consisting. of C, O, N, S, Si, and P; and" n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. oooo 14. A compound corresponding to the structure: 18 0 S\wherein i, wherein M comprises ammonium or is a metal; R 1 is hydrogen or hydroxy; R 2 is -OT2,. -OCOZ,, -OCOOZ 2 RSG, or RSG 2 R, is -OCOZ,, -OCOOZ 4 RSG, or RSG 2 R, is hydrogen, keto, -OCOZ 7 0C00Z 7 RSG 1 or RSG 2 R 9 is RSG, or RSG, other- than ar-yloyloxy; Rl 1 is hydrogen, keto, -CT 1 0 QCOZ 1 -0CC0Z 10 RSG 1 or RSG,.., R 9 ,I andi independently -have the alpha or beta stereochemical-conf igujration; R 13 is hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, MO- or 0 x x 0 C I X ,1 x 1 /y H 2 '1 RI, is hydrogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, RSGI or RSG 2 T 2 1 4 and T 10 are independently hydrogen or .*.hydroxy protecting group; i _X 6 X 2 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosui-bstituted hydrocarbon,' heteroaryl, or- heterosubst ituted heteroaryl;- :X 3 and X, are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, S heterosubstituted heteroaryl or RSG 1 is -X 10 -OX 1 0 -SX10, or NX 8 X,, 0 X 6 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy protecting group or a functional group which increases the water solubility of the taxane derivative; is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, RSG, or RSG 2 X 1 0 is hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrZocarbon, het eroaryl: heterosubstituted heter-oaryl, RSG 1 or RSG,; -A 4 S6n) Z 2 1, Z 4 and are independently hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; RSG, is an electron-affEinic moiety; RSG 2 is -L-(RSG 1 L is a linker comprising a chain of 1. to atoms in the chain, the atoms being selected from the group -consisting of C, 0, N, S, Si, and 2; and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. A compound corresponding to the structure: .9 so '0 2 J P 4 wherein M comprises ammonium or is a metal; R, is hydrogen or hydroxy; R 2 is -CT 2 -OCOZ., -0C0C)Z 2 RSG, or RSG,; 0069*:R 4 is -CT 4 -0C0Z 4 -OCOOZ,, RSG, or RSG 2 R, is hydrogen, keto, -CCZ 7 -OCoZ,, RSG, :or RG 2 is hydrogen, keto, CT 9 -oCCZ 9 -OCOOZ 9 RSG 1 or RSG 2 RI is RSG, or RSG 2 other- than aryloyloxy; P17 f R 9 and R, independently have the al'pha or beta stereochemicaj. configuration; RI., is hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, mo- or ID X- N-~ R 14 is hydrogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, RSG or RSG 2 T 2 T- and T 9 are independently hydrogen or hydroxy protecting group; k1 is -OX 6 X 2 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstitut-ed hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; X 3 and X, are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroarvi or RSG,; X 5 is -OX, -SX or -NXX,,; OX1 3.0' 8 1 X, is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heceroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy protecting group or a functional group which increases the water solubility of the taxane derivative; X, is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, RSG 1 or RSG 2 X 10 is hydrocarbon, heterosibstituted. hydrocarbon, heteroaryl heterosuhst-it:tt Ilrre -dheteroaryl, RSG, or RSG 2 z 2 Z 4 Z, and- Z, are independ-t ly-hyd.rocarbon, -heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, hetevoaryl, or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; RSG, is an electron-affinic moiety; RSG 2 is (RSC),; L is a linker comprising a chain of I to atoms in the chain, the atoms being selected from the group consisting of C, 0, N, S, Si, and P; and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. 76
16. A compound corresponding to the structure: P 1 0 P~ ii9 A 7s.' 1<1 10 1 97 9 1] 14 p2 P p wherein M comprises ammonium or is *a metal; R, is hydrogen or hydroxy; R 2 is -OT 2 -OCOZ 2 -OCCOZ 2 RSG, or RSG 2 R, is -OT, -OCOZ 4 -OCOOZ 4 RSG, or RSG 2 orS~ R, is hydrogen, keto, -CCOZ -CCCOZ,, RSG 1 ""or RSG2; 0000 R 9 is hydrogen, keto, -CT 9 -O)COZ 9 -OCCOZ,, RSG 1 or RSG 2 R, is hydrogen, keto, -OT -C 10 of *RSG or RSG 2 and independently have the alpha or beta stereochemical configuration; R, 3 is hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, MO- or X 4 *0i I 2 x PI 3'*0 0 5 I- H is RSG, or RSG 2 other than aryloyloxy; T 2 T 9 and are independently hydrogen or hydroxy protecting group; X is -OX 6 X 2 is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituIted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, or heterosubs tituted heteroaryl; X 3 and X 4 are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl or RSG,; X 5 is -X 1 o, -OX,1, -SX 10 or -NXXl 0 X, is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy protecting group or a functional group which increases the water solubility of the taxane derivative; X, is hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, RSG I or RSG 2 X 10 is hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl, heterosubstituted heteroaryl, RSG 1 or RSG 2 S.Z. 2, Z 4 Z 9 and Zo are independently hydrocarbon, heterosubstituted hydrocarbon, heteroaryl or heterosubstituted heteroaryl; RSG, is an electron-affinic moiety; RSG 2 is (RSG,)n; L i.s a linker comprising a chain-of 1 to atoms.i.n. the chain, the atoms being selected from the S group consisting of C, O, N, S, Si, and P; and n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. bo d 17. A method of killing tumor cells in a warm- blooded animal, the method comprising: administering to the warm-blooded animal i an amount effective to radiosensitize the tumor cells, a taxane containing an electron affinic radiosensitizing functional group, followed by, after a time interval sufficient to enhance radiosensitization of the tumor cells, irradiating the tumor cells with a dose of radiation effective to kill the tumor cells.
18. A method as set forth in claim 16 further comprisiing heat treating the tumor cells. 's 78
19. A method as set forth in claim 17 or 18 wherein the animal is administered an effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1 to 16. DATED this 25 day of January 2000 FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY, By its Patent Attorneys, E.F ELLINGTON CO., 0 0 0 0(Bruce Wellington) 0060 Se 0 0
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US368795P | 1995-09-13 | 1995-09-13 | |
| US60/003687 | 1995-09-13 | ||
| PCT/US1996/014613 WO1997009979A1 (en) | 1995-09-13 | 1996-09-13 | Radiosensitizing taxanes and their pharmaceutical preparations |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU6974696A AU6974696A (en) | 1997-04-01 |
| AU728057B2 true AU728057B2 (en) | 2001-01-04 |
Family
ID=34810323
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU69746/96A Ceased AU728057B2 (en) | 1995-09-13 | 1996-09-13 | Radiosensitizing taxanes and their pharmaceutical preparations |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0855909A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001524067A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU728057B2 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2212292A (en) * | 1991-09-23 | 1993-03-25 | Florida State University | Novel furyl and thienyl substituted taxanes and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
| AU2692692A (en) * | 1991-09-23 | 1993-04-27 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | 10-desacetoxytaxol derivatives |
| AU2688892A (en) * | 1991-09-23 | 1993-04-27 | Florida State University | Metal alkoxides |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5250683A (en) * | 1991-09-23 | 1993-10-05 | Florida State University | Certain substituted taxanes and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
| WO1993014787A1 (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1993-08-05 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Taxol as a radiation sensitizer |
| US5703247A (en) * | 1993-03-11 | 1997-12-30 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | 2-Debenzoyl-2-acyl taxol derivatives and methods for making same |
| DK0690867T3 (en) * | 1993-03-22 | 2003-06-10 | Univ Florida State | Furyl or thienyl substituted side chain taxanes |
| US5780653A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-07-14 | Vivorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Nitrophenyl, 10-deacetylated substituted taxol derivatives as dual functional cytotoxic/radiosensitizers |
-
1996
- 1996-09-13 AU AU69746/96A patent/AU728057B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-09-13 EP EP96930833A patent/EP0855909A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-09-13 JP JP51209497A patent/JP2001524067A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2212292A (en) * | 1991-09-23 | 1993-03-25 | Florida State University | Novel furyl and thienyl substituted taxanes and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
| AU2692692A (en) * | 1991-09-23 | 1993-04-27 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | 10-desacetoxytaxol derivatives |
| AU2688892A (en) * | 1991-09-23 | 1993-04-27 | Florida State University | Metal alkoxides |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0855909A4 (en) | 2000-06-07 |
| JP2001524067A (en) | 2001-11-27 |
| EP0855909A1 (en) | 1998-08-05 |
| AU6974696A (en) | 1997-04-01 |
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