AU736283B2 - Method for the treatment of waste - Google Patents
Method for the treatment of waste Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU736283B2 AU736283B2 AU46586/99A AU4658699A AU736283B2 AU 736283 B2 AU736283 B2 AU 736283B2 AU 46586/99 A AU46586/99 A AU 46586/99A AU 4658699 A AU4658699 A AU 4658699A AU 736283 B2 AU736283 B2 AU 736283B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- mono
- waste
- phosphate
- paste
- calcium hydroxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940078499 tricalcium phosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000391 tricalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019731 tricalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002894 chemical waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010891 toxic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/33—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by chemical fixing the harmful substance, e.g. by chelation or complexation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/36—Detoxification by using acid or alkaline reagents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/08—Toxic combustion residues, e.g. toxic substances contained in fly ash from waste incineration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/20—Organic substances
- A62D2101/24—Organic substances containing heavy metals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/40—Inorganic substances
- A62D2101/43—Inorganic substances containing heavy metals, in the bonded or free state
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2203/00—Aspects of processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change in the substances
- A62D2203/02—Combined processes involving two or more distinct steps covered by groups A62D3/10 - A62D3/40
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
Description
WO 99/66989 PCT/NL99/00390 Method for the treatment of waste The present invention relates to a method for the treatment of waste contaminated with heavy metals and for rendering the latter inert. It is known that specific harmful and/or toxic materials which originate from various sources and which contain heavy metals, such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, mercury, lead, selenium or tellurium, and which in a transfer test have the tendency to yield an eluate that does not comply with the acceptance limits that have been laid down, are stored in protected dumps for hazardous toxic waste.
Numerous technologies are disclosed in the prior art with which metals can be immobilised in stable matrices, as a result of which they acquire chemically inert properties and as a result of which the transfer thereof can be prevented, so that this type of waste can be dumped under less stringent conditions (the transfer tests with these materials fall within the limits imposed by national and international legislation).
Frequently these types of waste have a composition which requires large quantities of reagents, such as, for example, cement, to obtain an adequate degree of stabilisation, or for which expensive substances have to be used in combination with long periods of action. Other solidification techniques make use of additives such as slags, finely ground brick, grit and sand mixed with bentonite, as a result of which an excessive increase in the final weight and volume takes place, and moderate results are obtained in respect of restricting transfer of the metals.
To reduce the proportion of binder when rendering inert flue gas produced in the mining industry, the interfering ions (chlorides) are washed with water.
-A-number-ofthe-systems-that-have- been used-recently use-aqueous solutions of chemical products which are particularly expensive, as a result of which inadequate data are known with regard to the physical and the physico-chemical conditions which are necessary for the various types of waste or with regard to the quantities which haveto be used in order to achieve the desired result.
There is thus a need, in special cases, to be able to use a versatile method with which special pre-treatments are not necessary and with which inexpensive reagents available on a large scale can be used, which reagents can be added in limited quantities in order to minimise the increase in the weight finally to be dumped.
By means of the present invention it is possible to comply with the abovementioned WO 99/66989 PCT/NL99/00390 2 requirements as well as to obtain a number of other advantages which will become clear below.
To this end the present invention is characterised in that the following steps are carried out: determination of the acidity of the contaminated material, partial neutralisation of the material if the latter is acidic (pH between 0.5 and 3), the addition of a solution of orthophosphoric acid and an alkali metal salt thereof in water, forming a homogeneous paste from the mixture formed, the addition of calcium oxide (CaO) and/or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 to the paste, and allowing the paste to dry in the air.
The calcium hydroxide or the calcium oxide can be added in powder form in an amount of between 50 and 350 kg per tonne of waste to be rendered inert. Good results have been obtained with pulverulent calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide of the type that is suitable for building applications.
The concentrated aqueous solution of orthophosphoric acid and of the alkali metal salt thereof can be the commercially available "Fissa Met" solution for rendering inert, which contains orthophosphoric acid and mono-, di- and trisodium phosphate (NaH 2
PO
4 Na 2
HPO
4 Na 3
PO
4 mono-, di- and tripotassium phosphate (KH 2
PO
4
K
2
HPO
4
K
3 P0 4 or mono-, di- and tricalcium phosphate (CaHPO 4 Ca(H 2 P0 4 2 Ca 3 (P0 4 2 in the anhydrous form or in the form of the hydrate and which is used in an amount of between and 150 litres per tonne of waste to be rendered inert.
The method-accordingto-the present-invention is-highly versatile and can be used on waste from various sources, such as metal slags, demolition debris or scrap, ash from incinerators or solid industrial and inorganic chemical waste material from towns, special installations, hospitals, industry and the like.
A description of the general characteristics according to the present invention has been given above. The characteristics, advantages and the way in which the method has to be used will be better understood with reference to the appended example, which gives a detailed description of a specific embodiment.
Example The method according to the invention for rendering waste inert was used on fly ash originating from the incineration of waste from a hospital. This material was placed in a mixer. Calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) in an amount of 90 kg per tonne waste was added by pneumatic means from suitable silos simultaneously with 50 litres of the "Fissa Met" solution for rendering inert, which is a concentrated aqueous solution of orthophosphoric acid and of the disodium hydrogen salt thereof (disodium monohydrogen phosphate (Na 2
HPO
4 which was added from another container, together with just enough water to guarantee intimate contact of the mixture. The 10 mixture had to remain in a stirrable composition and was stirred for several minutes.
At the end of this step the wet mixture was placed on a suitable surface so that said mixture was able to dry completely, or said mixture was dried immediately in a stream of hot air (where heat recovery was possible).
When the material obtained by the abovementioned treatment was subjected to a 15 transfer test, it was found that the release of lead, cadmium, copper and selenium o••oo remained within the acceptable limits to enable the material to be dumped immediately without further treatment in a protected dump.
*The initial original values of the metal concentrations in the eluate with a solution of 0.5M acetic acid before and after treatment are given for comparative purposes in appended Tables I and 2. in Table 2 gives the initial concentration of the heavy metals.
For the purposes of this specification the word "comprising" means "including but not limited to", and the word "comprises" has a corresponding meaning. Also a reference within this specification to a document is not to be taken as an admission that the disclosure therein constitutes common general knowledge in Australia.
M
7/>~N WO 99/66989 PCT/NL99/00390 Table 1 Metal Eluate (mg/l) Eluate (mg/l) Acceptance before the after the limit treatment treatment Lead 10,500 0.200 0.200 Cadmium 6,400 0.020 0.020 Copper 0.600 0.100 0.100 Selenium 0.030 0.030 0.030 Table 2 41~~ IVarious materials Fly ash from RSU incinerator T.Q. Eluate (mg/i) (mg/i) Metal slags TvIeLa urg Ca Y Tests 1 Lead Cadmium ICopper 1400 400 75 8.00 <0.02 <0.10 Inert eluate (mng/I) <0.02 0.02 10
T.Q.
(mg/I) 87,000 Eluate (mg/I) 10.00 0.12 elu ate (mg/i) 0.20 0.01
T.Q.
(mg/i) 30,000 525 1650 Eluate (mg/i) 250 15 Fio Inert eluate (mg/i) 0.20 <0.02 <0.10 T.Q. Eluate (mg/i) (mg/i) 12,500 100 25 0.40 0.10 15 Inert eiuate (mg/i) 0.20 0.02 0.10 I. L
Claims (7)
1. Method for the treatment of waste contaminated with heavy metals, characterised in that the following steps are carried out: determination of the acidity of the contaminated material, partial neutralisation of the material if the latter is acidic, the addition of a solution of orthophosphoric acid and an alkali metal salt thereof in water, forming a homogeneous paste from the mixture formed, the addition of calcium oxide (CaO) and/or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 to the paste, and allowing the paste to dry in the air.
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the contaminated material is stirred.
3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that between 50 kg and 350 kg pulverulent calcium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide is added per tonne of waste to be rendered inert.
4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the pulverulent calcium oxide or the calcium hydroxide is of the type that is suitable for building applications.
5. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the solution of orthophosphoric acid and an alkali metal salt thereof contains mono-, di- and trisodium phosphate and/or mono-, di- and tripotassium phosphate and/or mono-, di- and tricalcium phosphate, in the anhydrous form or in the form of the hydrate.
6. Method according to Claim 5, characterised in that the mono-, di- and trisodium phosphate and/or mono-, di- and tripotassium phosphate and/or mono-, di- and tricalcium phosphate are used in an amount of between 5 1 and 150 1 per tonne of waste to be rendered inert.
7. Method substantially as disclosed herein with reference to the example. Dated this 3rd day of January 2001 KIROR B.V. By its Patent Attorneys A.P.T. Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys 4oo :io
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1009490A NL1009490C8 (en) | 1998-06-25 | 1998-06-25 | PROCESS FOR TREATMENT OF WASTE. |
| NL1009490 | 1998-06-25 | ||
| PCT/NL1999/000390 WO1999066989A1 (en) | 1998-06-25 | 1999-06-24 | Method for the treatment of waste |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU4658699A AU4658699A (en) | 2000-01-10 |
| AU736283B2 true AU736283B2 (en) | 2001-07-26 |
Family
ID=19767373
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU46586/99A Ceased AU736283B2 (en) | 1998-06-25 | 1999-06-24 | Method for the treatment of waste |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU736283B2 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL1009490C8 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL345201A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2203709C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999066989A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10044326B4 (en) * | 2000-09-07 | 2004-04-22 | Grillo-Werke Ag | Process for reducing the residual solubility of lead-containing sludges and other residues |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4737356A (en) * | 1985-11-18 | 1988-04-12 | Wheelabrator Environmental Systems Inc. | Immobilization of lead and cadmium in solid residues from the combustion of refuse using lime and phosphate |
| GB2277515A (en) * | 1993-03-15 | 1994-11-02 | Sevenson Environmental Service | Treating metal-bearing waste |
| WO1997031874A1 (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1997-09-04 | Solvay (Societe Anonyme) | Ash inerting method |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0335024B1 (en) * | 1988-03-31 | 1994-10-12 | Wheelabrator Environmental Systems Inc. | Immobilization of lead and cadmium in solid residues from the combustion of refuse using lime phosphate |
| US5037479A (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1991-08-06 | Rmt, Inc. | Method for reduction of heavy metal leaching from hazardous waste under acidic and nonacidic conditions |
| GB9124353D0 (en) * | 1991-11-15 | 1992-01-08 | Albright & Wilson | Immobilisation of metal contaminants from a liquid to a solid metal |
| CZ127492A3 (en) * | 1992-04-27 | 1994-01-19 | Masat Jan | Process for treating materials containing heavy metals |
| DE4217133A1 (en) * | 1992-05-23 | 1993-11-25 | Asea Brown Boveri | Minimising dust and slag to remove chloride, heavy metal(s) and salt(s) - by washing with organic acid, filtering and adding quicklime or slaked lime to solid to give hydraulic binder properties |
| DE4230223A1 (en) * | 1992-09-10 | 1994-03-17 | Hoechst Ag | Process and plant for removing lead, cadmium and zinc from dusts |
| WO1996020049A1 (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1996-07-04 | Kanegafuchi Kagaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Waste disposal material and method |
-
1998
- 1998-06-25 NL NL1009490A patent/NL1009490C8/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1999
- 1999-06-24 AU AU46586/99A patent/AU736283B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-06-24 RU RU2001102253/12A patent/RU2203709C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-06-24 PL PL99345201A patent/PL345201A1/en unknown
- 1999-06-24 WO PCT/NL1999/000390 patent/WO1999066989A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4737356A (en) * | 1985-11-18 | 1988-04-12 | Wheelabrator Environmental Systems Inc. | Immobilization of lead and cadmium in solid residues from the combustion of refuse using lime and phosphate |
| GB2277515A (en) * | 1993-03-15 | 1994-11-02 | Sevenson Environmental Service | Treating metal-bearing waste |
| WO1997031874A1 (en) * | 1996-02-28 | 1997-09-04 | Solvay (Societe Anonyme) | Ash inerting method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL1009490C2 (en) | 2000-01-04 |
| WO1999066989A1 (en) | 1999-12-29 |
| NL1009490C8 (en) | 2002-12-05 |
| AU4658699A (en) | 2000-01-10 |
| RU2203709C2 (en) | 2003-05-10 |
| PL345201A1 (en) | 2001-12-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FGA | Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent) |