AU739106B2

AU739106B2 - Methods of making an RNP particle having nucleotide integrase activity

Info

Publication number: AU739106B2
Application number: AU76954/98A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Clifford James Beall; Alan M. Lambowitz; Manabu Matsuura; Georg Mohr; Roland Saldanha; Jiam Yang
Original assignee: Ohio State University Research Foundation
Current assignee: Ohio State University Research Foundation
Priority date: 1997-05-28
Filing date: 1998-05-27
Publication date: 2001-10-04
Anticipated expiration: 2018-05-27
Also published as: AU7695498A; CA2291512A1; JP2002502247A; EP1007719A1; WO1998054353A1

Description

Methods of Making an RNP particle having Nucleotide Integrase Activity Background Nucleotide integrases are molecular complexes that are capable of cleaving nucleic acid substrates at specific recognition sites and of concomitantly inserting nucleic acid molecules into the nucleic acid substrate at the cleavage site. Thus, nucleotide integrases are useful tools, particularly for genome mapping, genetic engineering and disrupting the synthesis of gene products. Structurally, nucleotide integrases are ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles that comprise an excised, group II intron RNA and a group II intron-encoded protein, which is bound to the group II intron RNA.

1o Conventionally, nucleotide integrases are made by isolating RNP particles that have nucleotide integrase activity from source organisms which comprise a DNA molecule that encodes both the RNA and protein subunits of the nucleotide integrase. In order to obtain nucleotide integrases other than wild type, the source organisms are mutagenized. The mutagenesis is a laborious, multistep process. Moreover, this process yields limited quantities of the nucleotide 15 integrase.

Accordingly, it is desirable to have methods for making nucleotide integrases which are not laborious and which permit the nucleotide integrase to be readily modified from the wild type.

S: Methods which yield at least microgram quantities of substantially pure nucleotide integrases are especially desirable.

Summary of the Invention The present invention provides new, improved, and easily manipulable methods for making nucleotide integrases.

Thus, according to one embodiment of the invention, there is provided a method of preparing RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity comprising the steps of: providing an isolated, 25 excised, group II intron RNA; providing a group II intron-encoded protein; and incubating the excised, group II intron RNA with the group II intron-encoded protein to provide an RNP particle comprising the excised, group II intron RNA bound to the group II intron-encoded protein.

There are also provided RNP particles prepared by the methods of the invention.

In one aspect the nucleotide integrase is prepared by introducing a DNA molecule which comprises a group II intron DNA sequence into a host cell. Preferably the DNA molecule further comprises a sequence which encodes a tag that facilitates isolation of RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity from the host cell. Preferably, the tag sequence is linked to the open reading frame (ORF) sequence of the group II intron DNA. The group II intron DNA sequence is then expressed in the host cell such that RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity are Sformed in the cell. Such RNP particles comprise an excised group II intron RNA molecule and a [I:\DAYLB\LBA]4153.doc:mef group II intron-encoded protein, both of which are encoded by the introduced DNA molecule.

Thereafter, the RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity are isolated from the cell.

In another aspect, the nucleotide integrase is prepared by combining in vitro an excised, group II intron RNA, referred to hereinafter as "exogenous RNA", with a group II intron-encoded protein. The exogenous RNA is prepared by in vitro transcription of a DNA molecule which comprises a group II intron sequence. The group II intron-encoded protein is made by introducing into a host cell a DNA molecule that comprises at least the open reading frame sequence of a group II intron and then expressing the open reading frame sequence in the host cell. The DNA molecule may comprise the open reading frame sequence operably linked to a promoter, preferably an inducible promoter. Thereafter, the cell is fractionated and the protein is recovered and combined in vitro with the exogenous RNA to provide RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity. Alternatively, the DNA molecule may comprise a group II intron sequence that encodes both a group II intron RNA as well as a group II intron encoded protein. The DNA molecule is then expressed in the host cell to provide RNP particles that comprise the group II intron-encoded ~15 protein bound to the group II intron RNA. Thereafter, the RNP particles comprising the group II intron-encoded protein and the group II intron RNA are isolated from the cell and treated with a nuclease to remove the RNA and to provide the group II-intron encoded protein. The group II intron-encoded protein is then combined in vitro with the exogenous RNA to provide RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity.

The present invention also relates to isolated RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity.

According to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided an RNP particle according to the invention, when used for cleaving a nucleic acid molecule at a specific cleavage Ssite.

25 Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 depicts the interaction at the target site between the EBS1 and EBS2 sequences of the group II intron RNA 2 of the S. cerevisiae mitochondrial COX1 gene, hereinafter referred to as the "a12" RNA, with the IBS1 and IBS2 sequences of a nucleic acid substrate. The cleavage site is represented by an arrow.

Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the domains in three representative group II-intron encoded proteins, namely the protein which is encoded by the ORF sequence of the group II intron 2 of the S. cerevisiae mitochondrial COX1 gene, the group II intron 2 of the [I:\DAYLIB\LIBA]4153.doc:mef WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687 M. polymorpha mitochondrial COX] gene, and the group II intron 1 of the N. tabacum chloroplast trnK gene.

Figure 3 is the plasmid map ofpETLtrA19.

Figure 4 shows the nucleotide sequence of the 2.8 kb HindIII fragment that is present in pETLtrA19 and that includes the Ll.ltrB intron DNA sequence and portions of the nucleotide sequence of the flanking exons ItrBEl and ltrBE2, SEQ. ID. NO. the nucleotide sequence of the LtrA open reading frame, SEQ. ID. NO. 2, and the amino acid sequence of the LtrA protein, SEQ. ID. NO. 3.

Figure 5 is the plasmid map of plasmid pETLtrAl-1.

Figure 6 is a schematic representation of the inserts in pLE12, pETLtrA19 and pETLtrAl-1.

Figure 7A is the sequence of the sense strand of a double-stranded DNA substrate, SEQ. ID. NO. 4, which is cleaved by RNP particles that comprise a wild-type excised, Ll.ltrB intron RNA and an LtrA protein. Figure 7B is the sequence of the sense strand of a double stranded DNA substrate which is cleaved by RNP particles that comprise an excised Ll.ltrB intron RNA having a modified EBSI sequence and an LtrA protein.

Figure 8a is a schematic depiction of the substrate which is cleaved by RNP particles comprising the wild-type Ll.ltrB intron RNA and the LtrA protein, and Figure 8b shows the IBS 1 and IBS2 sequences of the substrate and the cleavage sites of the double-stranded DNA substrate which is cleaved by these RNP particles.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Nucleotide Integrases Functionally, nucleotide integrases are endonucleases that are. capable of cleaving nucleic acid substrates at specific recognition sites and of concomitantly inserting nucleic acid molecules into the substrate at the cleavage site. Structurally, nucleotide integrases are ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles that comprise an excised, group II intron RNA and a group II intron-encoded protein, which is bound to the excised group II intron RNA. "Excised group II intron RNA," as used herein, refers to the RNA that is, or that is derived from, an in vitro or in vivo transcript of the group II intron DNA and that lacks flanking exon sequences at the 5' end and the 3' end of the intron sequence. The excised, group II intron RNA typically has six domains and a characteristic secondary and tertiary structure, which is 3 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687 shown in Saldahana et al., 1993, Federation of the American Society of Experimental Biology Journal, Vol 7 p15-24, which is specifically incorporated herein by reference. Domain IV of the group II intron RNA contains the open reading frame nucleotide sequence which encodes the group II intron encoded protein. The excised group II intron RNA also has two sequences in domain I which are capable of hybridizing with two sequences in the target site of the intended nucleic acid substrate. The first sequence, referred to hereinafter as the "EBSI" sequence, is capable of hybridizing with a sequence, referred to hereinafter as the "IBS1" sequence, which is immediately upstream of the cleavage site in the substrate. The second sequence, referred to hereinafter as the "EBS2" sequence, is capable of hybridizing with a sequence, hereinafter referred to as the "IBS2" sequence, which is upstream of the IBSI sequence.

The excised group II intron RNA has a wild-type sequence, i.e. a sequence which is identical to the sequence of a group II intron RNA that is found in nature, or the excised group II intron RNA has a modified sequence, i.e. a sequence which is different from the sequence of group II intron RNA molecules that are found in nature. For nucleotide integrases in which the group II intron RNA has a wild-type sequence, the EBS1 sequence typically is complementary to a sequence of about 5-7 nucleotides, hereinafter referred to as the "first set" which is located at the 3' end of the exon that is joined to the 5' end of the intron in the gene.

Similarly, the EBS2 sequence of the wild-type group II intron RNA typically is complementary to a sequence of about 5-7 nucleotides iif the 5' exon, hereinafter referred to as the "second set", which is upstream, typically immediately upstream, of the first set. Thus, the EBS1 and EBS2 sequences of a wild-type group II intron RNA can usually be predicted by finding sequences in domain I of the intron that are complementary to the first set and second set of nucleotides in the exon.

In the wild-type group II intron RNA of the Lactococcus lactis ItrB gene, hereinafter referred to as the wild-type Ll.ltrB intron RNA, EBS1 comprises 7 nucleotides, is located at position 3132-3138 (numbered according to Mills et al., 1996, J. Bact., 178, 3531-3538), and has the sequence GUUGUGG. EBS2 of the wild-type Ll.ltrB intron RNA comprises 6 nucleotides, is located at positions 3076-3081 and has the sequence AUGUGU. In the wild-type group II introi RNA 1 of the S. cerevisiae mitochondrial COX1 gene, hereinafter referred to as the "wild-type all RNA", EBSI comprises 6 nucleotides, is located at position 426-431 (numbered according to Bonitz et 1980, J. Biol. Chem.: 255, 11927-11941), and has the 4 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687 sequence CGUUGA. EBS2 of the wild-type all RNA comprises 6 nucleotides, is located at positions 376-381 and has the sequence ACAAUU. In the wild-type group II intron RNA 2 of the S. cerevisiae mitochondrial COXI gene, hereinafter referred to as the "wild-type aI2" RNA, EBS1 comprises 6 nucleotides, is located at position 2985-2990 (numbered according to Bonitz et al., 1980, J. Biol. Chem.: 255, 11927-11941) and has the sequence AGAAGA. EBS2 of the wild-type aI2 RNA comprises 7 nucleotides, is located at positions 2935-29410, and has the sequence UCAUUAA. The interaction between EBS1 and EBS2 of the wild-type aI2 RNA with its intended substrate is depicted in Figure 1.

The excised group II intron RNA may also have a sequence different from a group II intron RNA that is found in nature, and thus be a modified, excised group II intron RNA.

Modified excised group II intron RNA molecules, include, for example, group II intron RNA molecules that have nucleotide base changes or additional nucleotides in the internal loop regions of the group II intron RNA, preferably the internal loop region of domain IV and group II intron RNA molecules that have nucleotide base changes in the sequences of EBS 1 and/or EBS2. Nucleotide integrases in which the group II intron RNA has nucleotide base changes in the sequences of EBS1 or EBS2, as compared to the wild type, typically have altered specificity for the intended nucleic acid substrate.

The group II intron-encoded protein has an X domain, a reverse transcriptase domain, and, preferably, a Zn domain. The X domain of the protein has a maturase activity. The Zn domain of the protein has Zn 2 1 finger-like motifs. As used herein, a group II intron-encoded protein includes modified group II intron-encoded proteins that have additional amino acids at the N terminus, or C terminus, or alterations in the internal regions of the protein as well as wild-type group II intron-encoded proteins. The domains of three representative group II intron-encoded proteins are depicted in Figure 2.

The RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity cleave single-stranded RNA molecules, single-stranded DNA molecules, and double-stranded DNA molecules. The RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity also insert the group II intron RNA subunit of the RNP particle into the cleavage site. Thus, RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity both cleave nucleic acid substrates and insert nucleic acid molecules into the cleavage site. With double-stranded DNA substrates, the nucleotide integrase inserts the group II intron RNA into the first strand, the strand that contains the IBS1 and IBS2 sequences, of the cleaved DNA substrate and, preferably, a cDNA molecule into the second strand of the SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) cleaved DNA substrate. The excised group II intron RNA subunit of the nucleotide integrase catalyses cleavage of the single-stranded-substrates and the first strand of the double-stranded DNA substrate. The cleavage that is catalysed by the excised group II intron RNA also results in the insertion, either partially or completely, of the excised group II intron RNA into the cleavage site, i.e. between nucleotide which is immediately downstream of the cleavage site, and nucleotide which is immediately upstream of the cleavage site. The group II intron-encoded protein subunit catalyses cleavage of the second strand of the double-stranded DNA substrate. The second strand of the double stranded DNA substrate is cut at a position from about 9 to about 11 base pairs downstream of the cleavage site in the first strand, i.e. at a site between nucleotide position +9, 1o +10, and +11. It is believed that the group II intron-encoded protein also assists cleavage of the first strand of the double stranded DNA substrate by stabilising the group II intron RNA. Thus, the RNP particle having nucleotide integrase activity is active under conditions that are similar to physiological conditions.

To cleave the substrates, it is preferred that the EBS1 and EBS2 sequences of the group II S 5 intron RNA of the nucleotide integrase have at least 90% complementarity, preferably full complementarity, with the IBS1 and IBS2 sequences, respectively, of the intended substrate. Thus, if there is not at least 90% complementarity between the EBS sequences of the excised group II intron RNA and IBS sequences of the intended substrate, it is preferred that nucleotide base changes be made in the non-complementary EBS sequences. To cleave single-stranded and double-stranded nucleic acid substrates efficiently, it is preferred that the nucleotide delta, which •immediately precedes the first nucleotide of EBS1 be complementary to the nucleotide at +1 in the target site. Thus, if the delta nucleotide is not complementary to the nucleotide at +1 in the target site, the group II intron RNA is modified to contain a delta nucleotide which is complementary to the nucleotide at +1 on the sense strand of the substrate. To cleave double stranded DNA substrates efficiently, it is preferred that the target site has a sequence that is recognised by the group II intron-encoded protein of the nucleotide integrase. For example, cleavage of a double-stranded DNA substrate is achieved with a nucleotide integrase comprising a wild-type Ll.ltrB RNA and LtrA protein if the first strand of the substrate contains the sequence.

5'-TCGATCGTGAACACATCCATAACC'3', SEQ.ID.NO. 13 which represents the sequence from -23 to +1 in the target site of the first strand.

[1:\DAYLIB\LBA]4153.doc:mef WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687 A. Preparation of the Nucleotide Integrase by Isolation from a Genetically- Engineered Cell.

In one embodiment, RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity are made by introducing an isolated DNA molecule which comprises a group II intron DNA sequence into a host cell. Preferably, the DNA molecule further comprises an IBS1 sequence and an IBS2 sequence just upstream of the 5' end of the group II intron DNA sequence to allow splicing of the group II intron RNA from a transcript of the group II intron DNA sequence. Suitable DNA molecules include, for example, viral vectors, plasmids, and linear DNA molecules.

Following introduction of the DNA molecule into the host cell, the group II intron DNA sequence is expressed in the host cell such that excised RNA molecules encoded by the introduced group II intron DNA sequence and protein molecules encoded by introduced group II intron DNA sequence are formed in the cell. The excised group II intron RNA and group II intron-encoded protein are combined within the host cell to produce an RNP particle having nucleotide integrase activity.

Preferably, the introduced DNA molecule also comprises a promoter, more preferably an inducible promoter, operably linked to the group II intron DNA sequence. Preferably, the DNA molecule further comprises a sequence which encodes a tag to facilitate isolation of the RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity, such as, for example, an affinity tag and/or an epitope tag. Preferably, the tag sequences are at the 5' or 3' end of the open reading frame sequence. Suitable tag sequences include, for example, sequences which encode a series of histidine residues, the Herpes simplex glycoprotein D, the HSV antigen, or glutathione S-transferase. An especially suitable tag is a sequence which encodes the intein from the S. cerevisiae VMA1 gene linked to the chitin 'binding domain from Bacillus circulans. Typically, the introduced DNA molecule also comprises nucleotide sequences that encode a replication origin and a selectable marker. Optionally, the introduced DNA molecule comprises sequences that encode molecules that modulate expression, such as for example T7 lysozyme.

The DNA molecule comprising the group II intron sequence is introduced into the host cell by conventional methods, such as, by cloning the DNA molecule into a vector and by introducing the vector into the host cell by conventional methods, such as electroporation or by CaCl 2 -mediated transformation procedures. The method used to introduce the DNA molecule depends on the particular host cell used. Suitable host cells are those which are 7 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687 capable of expressing the group II intron DNA sequence. Suitable host cells include, for example, heterologous or homologous bacterial cells, yeast cells, mammalian cells, and plant cells. In those instances where the host cell genome and the group II intron DNA sequence use different genetic codes, it is preferred that the group II intron DNA sequence be modified to comprise codons that correspond to the genetic code of the host cell. The group II intron DNA sequence, typically, is modified by using a DNA synthesizer or by in vitro site directed mutagenesis, such as by PCR mutagenesis, to prepare a group II intron DNA sequence with different codons. Alternatively, to resolve the differences in the genetic code of the intron and the host cell, DNA sequences that encode the tRNA molecules which correspond to the genetic code of the group II intron are introduced into the host cell. Optionally, DNA molecules which comprise sequences that encode factors that assist in RNA or protein folding, or that inhibit RNA or protein degradation are also introduced into the cell.

The DNA sequences of the introduced DNA molecules are then expressed in the host cell to provide a transformed host cell. As used herein the term "transformed cell" means a host cell that has been genetically engineered to contain and express additional DNA, primarily heterologous DNA, and is not limited to cells which are cancerous. Then the RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity are isolated from the transformed host cells.

The RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity are isolated, preferably by lysing the transformed cells, such as by mechanically and/or enzymatically disrupting the cell membranes of the transformed cell. Then the cell lysate is fractionated into an insoluble fraction and soluble fraction. Preferably, an RNP particle preparation is isolated from the soluble fraction. The RNP particle preparations include the RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity as well as ribosomes, mRNA and tRNA molecules. Suitable methods for isolating RNP particle preparations include, for example, centrifugation of the soluble fraction through a sucrose cushion. The RNP particles, preferably, are further purified from the RNP particle preparation or from the soluble fraction by, for example, separation on a sucrose gradient, or a gel filtration column, or by other types of chromatography. For example, in those instances where the group II-intron encoded protein subunit of the desired RNP particle has been engineered to include a tag, the RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity are purified from the particle preparation by affinity chromatography on a matrix .which recognizes and binds to the tag. For example, NiNTA SuperflowTH from Qiagen, Chatsworth CA is suitable for isolating RNPT particles having nucleotide i egrase 8 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687 activity when the group II intron-encoded protein has a histidine tag. It has been found that the a system which employs a chitin column and an intein and chitin binding domain tag on the group II intron-encoded protein results in the production of RNP particles that are substantially pure, the intron encoded protein represents at least 95% of the protein in the RNP particles eluted from the column. Thus, the latter system is particularly suitable for isolating RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity.

B. Preparation of the Nucleotide Integrase by Combining Exogenous RNA with a Group II Intron-Encoded Protein to Form a Reconstituted RNP Particle In another embodiment, the nucleotide integrase is formed by combining an isolated exogenous RNA with an isolated group II intron-encoded protein in vitro to provide a reconstituted RNP particle having nucleotide integrase activity. The exogenous RNA is made by in vitro transcription of the group II intron DNA. The exogenous RNA may be made by in vitro transcription of the group II intron DNA only, i.e. the transcript lacks flanking exon sequences. Alternatively, the exogenous RNA is made by in vitro transcription of the group II intron DNA and the DNA of all, or portions, of the flanking exons to produce an unprocessed transcript which contains the group II intron RNA and the RNA encoded by the flanking exons or portions thereof. Then the exogenous RNA is spliced from the unprocessed transcript.

The purified group II intron-encoded protein is prepared by introducing into a host cell an isolated DNA molecule that comprises at least the open .reading frame sequence of a group.II intron. The DNA molecule may comprise a group II intron ORF sequence operably linked to an inducible promoter. Alternatively, the DNA molecule may comprise a group II intron DNA sequence. Preferably, the introduced DNA molecule also comprises a sequence at the 5' or 3' end of the group II intron ORF sequence which, when expressed in the host cell, provides an affinity tag or epitope on the N-terminus or C-terminus of the group II intron-encoded protein. Thus, the DNA molecule may comprise at the 5' or 3' end of the ORF, for example, a sequence which encodes a series of histidine residues, or the HSV antigen, glutathione-S-transferase, or an intein linked to a chitin binding domain. Typically, the DNA molecule also comprises nucleotide sequences that encode a replication origin and a selectable marker.

9 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687 When the introduced DNA molecules comprise a group II intron ORF sequence operably linked to an inducible promoter, the ORF sequence is then expressed in the host cell preferably by adding a molecule which induces expression, to provide a host cell that contains RNP particles comprising the group II intron-encoded protein associated with endogenous nucleic acids, particularly endogenous RNA molecules. Then the transformed cell is lysed, and preferably fractionated into a soluble fraction and an insoluble fraction. The RNP particles comprising the protein and the endogenous RNA are then isolated, preferably from the soluble fraction, preferably by using methods such as affinity chromatography. The RNP particles are then incubated with the exogenous RNA, preferably in a buffer, to allow the exogenous RNA to displace the associated RNA molecules and to form RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity. Optionally, the RNP particles, are treated with a nuclease to remove the RNA that is associated with the group II intron encoded protein prior to incubation of the protein preparation with the exogenous RNA. The RNP particles may be treated with the nuclease by adding the nuclease to the soluble fraction. Alternatively, the RNP particles may be treated with the nuclease after isolation of the RNP particles from the soluble fraction.

When DNA molecules comprise a splicing-competent group II intron sequence, are introduced and expressed in the host cells, RNP particles comprising a group II intronencoded protein associated with an excised group II intron RNA that encodes the protein are produced. When DNA molecules comprise a splicing-defective group II intron sequence, are introduced and expressed in the host cells, the group II intron-encoded protein is not associated with an excised, group II intron RNA that encodes the protein The RNP particles that are produced when a splicing-defective group II intron DNA sequence is introduced and expressed in a host cell comprise other types of RNA molecules, such as for example, unspliced group II intron RNA molecules that encode the protein, ribosomal RNA molecules, mRNA molecules, tRNA molecules or other nucleic acids. Following formation of the RNP particles in the host cell, the transformed cell is lysed, and preferably fractionated into a soluble fraction and an insoluble fraction. The RNP particles comprising the protein are then isolated, preferably from the soluble fraction, preferably by using methods such as affinity chromatography. The isolated RNP particles are then treated with a nuclease that degrades all of the endogenous RNA molecules. Preferably the RNP particles are treated with a nuclease which can be chemically inactivated, such as for example, micrococcal nuclease. The group SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687 II intron-encoded protein preparation is then combined with the exogenous RNA, preferably in a buffer, to allow formation of RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity These methods enable production of increased quantities of nucleotide integrases.

Conventional methods produce approximately 0.1 to 1 C[g of an RNP particles having nucleotide integrase per liter of cultured cells. However, these RNP particles are highly contaminated with other proteins. The methods of the present invention enable the production of at least 0.5 mg of RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity per liter of cultured cells. Moreover, the RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity produced in accordance with the present methods are substantially pure, at least 95% of the protein in the final RNP particle preparation is the group II intron-encoded protein. The present methods also offer the further advantage of permitting the sequences of the RNA component and the protein component of the nucleotide integrase to be readily modified. Typically, the nucleotide integrases are modified by introducing nucleotide base changes, deletions, or additions into the group II intron RNA by PCR mutagenesis of the group II intron.

The following examples of methods for preparing a group II intron-encoded protein and for preparing nucleotide integrases are included for purposes of illustration and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Preparing Nucleotide Integrases By Coexpression of a Group II Intron RNA and a Group II Intron Encoded Protein Example 1 RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity and comprising an excised RNA that is encoded by the Ll.ltrB intron of a lactococcal cojugative element pRSO1 of Lactococcus lactis and the protein encoded by the ORF of the Ll.ltrB intron were prepared by transforming cells of the BLR(DE3) strain of the bacterium Escherichia coli, which has the recA genotype, with the plasmid pETLtrA19. Plasmid pETLtrA19, which is schematically depicted in Figure 3, comprises the DNA sequence for the group II intron Ll.ltrB from Lactococcus lactis, shown as a thick line, positioned between portions of the flanking exons ltrBEl and ItrBE2, shown as open boxes. pETLtrA19 also comprises the DNA sequence-for the T7 RNA polymerase promoter and the T7 transcription terminator. The sequences are oriented in the plasmid in such a manner that the ORF sequence, SEQ. ID. NO. 2, within the Ll.ltrB intron is under the control of the T7 RNA polymerase promoter. The ORF of the Ll.ltrB intron, shown as an arrow box, encodes the protein LtrA. The sequence of the Ll.ltrB 11 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687 intron and the flanking exon sequences present in pETLtrAI9 are shown in Figure 4 and SEQ.

ID. NO. 1. Vertical lines in Figure 4 denote the junctions between the intron and the flanking sequences. The amino acid sequence of the LtrA protein, SEQ. ID. NO. 3 is shown under the ORF sequence, SEQ. ID. NO. 2, in Figure 4. The sequences of EBSI and EBS2 include nucleotides 457 through 463 (EBS1), nucleotides 401 through 406 (EBS2a) and nucleotides 367 through 372 (EBS2b). Domain IV is encoded by nucleotide 705 to 2572.

pETLtrA19 was prepared first by digesting pLE12, which was obtained from Dr. Gary Dunny from the University of Minnesota, with HindIII and isolating the restriction fragments on a 1% agarose gel. A 2.8 kb HindIII fragment which contains the Ll.ltrB intron together with portions of the flanking exons ltrBEl and ItrBE2 was recovered from the agarose gel and the single-stranded overhangs were filled in with the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I obtained from Gibco BRL, Gaithersburg, MD. The resulting fragment was ligated into plasmid pET-1 a that had been digested with Xbal and treated with Klenow fragment. pET- 1 Ia was obtained from Novagen, Madison, WI.

pETLtrA19 was introduced into the E. coli cells using the conventional CaCI,mediated transformation procedure of Sambrook et al. as described in "Molecular Coning A Laboratory Manual", pages 1-82, 1989 Single transformed colonies were selected on plates containing Luria-Bertani (LB) medium supplemented with ampicillin to select the plasmid and with tetracycline to select the BLR strain. One colony was inoculated into 2 ml of LB medium supplemented with ampicillin and grown overnight at 37 0 C with shaking. 1 ml of this culture was inoculated into 100 ml LB medium supplemented with ampicillin and grown at 37°C with shaking at 200 rpm until OD 5 of the culture reached 0.4. Then isopropyl-beta- D-thiogalactoside was added.to the culture to a final concentration of 1 mM and incubation was continued for 3 hours. Then the entire culture was harvested by centrifugation at 2,200 x g, 4 0 C, for 5 minutes. The bacterial pellet was washed with 150 mM NaCI and finally resuspended in 1/20 volume of the original culture in 50 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, and 10% glycerol (Buffer A)and 2 mg/ml lysozyme. Bacteria were frozen at 0

C.

To produce a lysate the bacteria were thawed and frozen at -70 0 C three times. Then 4 volumes of 500 mM KC1, 50 mM CaC12, 25 mM Tris, pH 7. 5, and 5 mM DTT (HKCTD) were added to the lysate and the mixture was sonicated until no longer viscous, i.e. for about seconds or longer. The lysate was fractionated into a soluble fraction and insoluble fraction 12 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687 by centrifugation at 14,000 x g, 4°C, for 15 minutes. Then 5 ml of the resulting supernatant, the soluble fraction, were loaded onto a sucrose cushion of 1.85 M sucrose in HKCTD and centrifuged for 17 hours at 4 0 C, 50,0000 rpm in a Ti 50 rotor from Beckman. The pellet which contains the RNP particles was washed with 1 ml water and then dissolved in 25 1l mM Tris, pH 8. 0, 1 mM DTT on ice. Insoluble material was removed by centrifugation at 000 x g, 4°C, for 5 minutes. The result is a preparation of partially-purified RNP particles that comprise the excised Ll.ltrB intron RNA and the LtrA protein The yield of RNP particles was 25 to 50 O.D.

26 0 units 16 pg protein) per 100 ml culture, with 1 O.D.

260 units of RNPs containing 0.3 to 3 pg LtrA protein. To minimize nuclease activity, the partially-purified RNPs were further purified by an additional centrifugation through a 1.85 M sucrose cushion, as described above.

Example 2 RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity and comprising the LtrA protein and the excised Ll.ltrB intron RNA were prepared as described in example 1 except the plasmid pETLtrA19 was used to transform cells of the BL21(DE3) strain of E. coli. The transformed cells were fractionated into a soluble fraction and an insoluble fraction as described in Example 1 to provide a preparation of RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity Example 3 RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity and comprising the LtrA protein and the excised Ll.ltrB intron RNA were prepared by transforming cells of the E. coli strains BLR(DE3) with pETLtrAl9 as described in Example 1 except that the transformed E. coli were grown in SOB medium and shaken at 300 rpm during the 3 hour incubation. The transformed cells were fractionated into a soluble fraction and an insoluble fraction as described in Example 1 to provide a preparation of RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity Example 4 RNP particles having nucleotide integrase and comprising the LtrA protein and the excised Ll.ltrB intron RNA were prepared as described above in sample 1 except that the plasmid pETLtrAl9 was used to transform ce lls of the ,cl strain BL21(DE3). The cells 13 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687 were also transformed with plasmid pOM62 which is based on the plasmid pACYC184 and has an approximately 150 bp insert of the argU(dnaY) gene at the EcoRI site. The argU gene encodes the tRNA for the rare arginine codons AGA and AGG. The LtrA gene contains 17 of the rare arginine codons. The transformed cells were grown in SOB medium and fractionated into a soluble fraction and an insoluble fraction as described in Example 1 to provide a preparation of RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity.

Example RNP particles having nucleotide integrase and comprising the excised Ll.ltrB intron RNA and the LtrA protein were prepared by transforming host cells as described above in Example 1 except that the LtrA ORF was tagged at the C-terminus with a His, affinity tag and an epitope derived from the Herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D. The tag is used to facilitate isolation of the RNP particles. The plasmid adding the tags was made in two steps by using PCR. In the first step, a fragment containing exon 1 and the LtrA ORF was amplified using primers LtrAexl.Xba having the sequence TCACCTCATCTAGACATTTTCTCC SEQ. ID. NO. 5 which introduces an Xba I site in exon 1 of LtrB, and LtrAexpr3 5'CGTTCGTAAAGCTAGCCTTGTGTTTATG SEQ. ID.

NO. 6, which substitutes a CGA (arginine) codon for the stop codon and introduces an Nhe I site at the 3' end of the LtrA ORF. The PCR product was cut with XbaI and Nhe I, and the restriction fragments gel purified and cloned into pET-27b(+), cut with Xba I and Nhe I obtained from Novagen, Madison, WI. The resulting plasmid pIntermediate-C fuses the 3' end of the LtrA ORF to an HSV tag and His 6 purification tag, both of which are present on the vector pET-27b(+). In a second step, intron sequences 3' to the ORF and exon 2 are amplified using pLE12 as a template and the 5' primer LtrAConZnl, having the sequence 5'CACAAGTGATCATTTACGAACG SEQ. ID. No. 7 and the 3' primer LtrAex2, which has the sequence 5'TTGGGATCCTCATAAGCTTT GCCGC SEQ. ID. NO. 8. The PCR product is cut with BclI and BamHI, the resulting fragment filled in, gel purified and cloned into pIntermediate-C, which has been cleaved with Bpul 021 and filled in. The resulting plasmid is designated pC-hisLtrAl9.

Cells of the BLR(DE3) strain of E. coli were transformed as described in example 1 with pIntermediate-C and cultured at 37 0 C for 3 hours in SOB medium as described in example 3. The cells were also fractionated into a soluble fraction, which contains RNP 14 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687 particles having nucleotide integrase activity, and an insoluble fraction as described in example 1. The RNP particles were further purified as described in example 1.

EXAMPLE 6 RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity and comprising an excised Ll.ltrB intron RNA and the LtrA protein were prepared by transforming host cells as described above in example 1 except that the LtrA ORF was tagged at the N-terminus with a His, affinity tag and the epitope tag XPRESSTM which was obtained from Invitrogen, San Diego, CA. The tag is used to facilitate isolation of the RNP particles. The plasmid adding the tags was made in two steps by using PCR. In the first step, a fragment was made in two steps by using PCR mutagenesis. In the first step, the LtrA ORF and 3' exon were amplified and BamHl sites were appended to both the 5' an 3' end of the LtrA ORF using pLE12 as a substrate and the following pair: 5' primer N-LtrA having the sequence ACAATGGCAA SEQ. ID. NO. 9; and the 3' primer LtrAex2, SEQ. ID. NO. 8. The PCR product was cut with BamHI and the resulting restriction fragment was gel purified and cloned into the BamHI site of plasmid pRSETB obtained from Invitrogen, San Diego, CA. The resulting plasmid pIntermediate-N fuses the N terminus of the LtrA ORF to a His 6 purification tag, and adds an XPRESSTM epitope tag from the vector. In a second step, the 5' exon and Ll.ltrB intron sequences 5' to the ORF were amplified using pLE12 as a substrate and the 5' primer NdeLTR5, having the sequence SEQ. ID. No. 10 and 3' primer NdeLTR3', which has the sequence GGTAGAACCATATGAAATTCCTCCTCCCTAATCAATTTT SEQ. ID. NO. 11. The PCR product was cut with Nde I, the fragment gel purified and cloned into plntermediate-N, which had also been cut with Nde I. Plasmids were screened for the orientation of the insert, and those oriented such that the 5' exon was proximal to the T7 promoter were used to transform the host cells. The resulting plasmid pFinal-N expresses a message under the control of the T7 polymerase promoter which comprises the El and E2 portions of the exons 1 LtrBEl and LtrBE2, and the LtrA ORF fused at the 5'end with an His, purification tag and the

XPRESS

T epitope tag.

Cells of the BLR(DE3) strain of E. coli were transformed as described in example 1 with pIntermediate-N and cultured at 37 0 C f or 3 hours in SOB medium as described in SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) a a a.

S

*Saa example 3. The cells were also fractionated into a soluble fraction, which contains RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity, and an insoluble fraction as described in example 1. The RNP particles were further purified as described in example 1.

EXAMPLE 7 RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity and comprising an excised Ll.ltrB intron RNA and the LtrA protein were prepared as described by transforming host cells as described above in example 1 except that the LtrA ORF was tagged at the C-terminus with an intein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae VMA gene and the chitin binding domain (CBD) from Bacillus circulans The tag was used to facilitate purification of the RNP particles and was added using components of the ImpactTM purification system obtained from New England Biolabs, Beverly, MA. A plasmid adding the tags was made in two steps by using PCR. In the first step, the LtrA ORF was amplified by PCR using pETLtrA19 as template and using 5' primer LtrAexpr, 5'-AAACCTCCATATGAAACCAACAATG-3', SEQ. ID.

NO. 12 and 3' primer Itrimpact: 5'TAACTTCCCGGGCTTGTGTTTATGAATCAC-3', SEQ. ID. NO. 14 which deletes the termination codon and introduces a SmaI site. The PCR product was cut with Ndel and Smal and cloned into pCYB2, obtained from New England Biolabs, Beverly, MA, and cleaved with the same enzymes. Colonies were screened for inserts and two independent colonies with the desired insert were retained to yield pLI1PInt21 and pLIlPInt22. In a second step, pLI1PInt21 was cleaved with Pstl, the overhangs repaired with T4 DNA polymerase in the presence of 0.2 mM dNTPs. The DNA was then phenol extracted, ethanol precipitated and then partially digested with Pml I. The approximately 1580 bp PmlI- Pst I fragment was cloned into pETLtrA19 digested with Pml I.

The clones with correct insert were screened and one oriented such that the intein is fused to the C terminus of the LtrA ORF was called pLI Int. The resulting construct expresses the Ll.ltrB intron and fuses the LtrA ORF with the sequences that encode VMAI intein and CBD.

Cells of the BLR(DE3) strain of E. coli were transformed as described in example 1 with pLlInt. The transformants were restreaked on ampicillin selective plates and single colonies were inoculated into 50 mL of LB medium and grown overnight at 370 C. This culture was used to inoculate 0.5 liters of SOB in 4 liter flasks at a 11100 dilution. The cultures were grown to an OD 5 0.7-1.0 and induced with ImM IPTG at room temperature for 4 hours. The cultures were harvested, washed with 150 mM NaC 1 OmM Tris-HCl (pH and repelleted and stored in 50 ml of Buffer I (20 mM Tris-HCl (pH8.0), 0.5 M NaCI, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.1% NP-40). The cells were broken by sonicating for 1 minute 3 times in a Bronson sonicator at setting 7. The lysate was cleared by centrifugation at 12,000 x g for minutes. .Thecleared lysate was loaded on a chitin affinity column equilibrated with Buffer I.

The RNP particles comprising a tagged protein are retained on the column. Then 15 ml of elution buffer (Buffer 1+30 mM DTT) was passed through the column, the column flow was stopped, and the column incubated overnight at 4° C to allow self-cleavage of the intein tag and release of the purified RNP particles from the chitin. Flow was restarted and the RNP particles comprising an excised L.ltrB intron RNA and the LtrA protein were collected.

EXAMPLE 8 RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity and comprising the LtrA protein and an excised L.ltrB intron RNA having an altered EBS1 sequence were prepared as described above in example 1 except that the cells were transformed and the RNP particles were made using pLII-EBS/-6C. The pLIl-EBSI/-6C construct which has a single nucleotide change G to C at position 6 in the EBS1 (G3137C as based on Mills et al, 1996) S sequence of the wild-type intron and a complementary change in the 5' exon at position -6 S relative to the 5' splice site to permit splicing was constructed via two PCR steps. In the first Sstep pETLtrA19 was subjected to PCR with primers OP2, GGATCGAGATCTCGATCCCG, SEQ. ID. NO. 15 and IP 1: 20 TATCGATGTGTTCAC, SEQ. ID. NO. 16 to introduce the single nucleotide change in the exon, and with primers IP4, 5'-TTATGGTTGTCGACTTATCTGTTATC, SEQ.ID.NO. 17 and OP1, OP1: 5'-CTTCGAATACCGGTTCATAG, SEQ. ID. NO.:18 to introduce the single nucleotide change in EBS1. The single nucleotide change in the IP4 primer introduces a SalI site in the EBS1 sequence, which was subsequently used to identify the desired clones.

25 The second PCR step was performed using the above two PCR products as Primers and pETLtrA19 DNA linearized with BglII and BamHI as the template. The second PCR product was reamplified with flanking primers OP2 and OPI using Pfu polymerase from Stratagene and digested with BglII and BsrGI to yield a 554-bp fragment that was cloned between the BsrGI and BglII sites of pETLtrA19. The desired clones were identified by digestion with HindIII and Sail, and the region that had been generated by PCR was sequenced completely to insure that no adventitious mutations had been introduced.

EXAMPLE 9 A partially-purified preparation of the LtrA protein, which is encoded by the ORF of the Ll.ltrB intron, using plasmid pETLtrAl-1 was prepared. Plasmid pETLtrAl-1 is _a derivative of pETLtrA19 and lacks exon I and the intron sequences upstream of the LtrA ORF. Accordingly, the LtrA ORF is directly downstream of the phage T7 promoter following the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the plasmid. The plasmid map of pETLtrAl-1 is shown in Figure pETLtrAl-1 was made by using the polymerase chain reaction to amplify the LtrA ORF using the 5' primer LtrAexpr SEQ.ID. 12 ,which introduces an NdeI site and 3' primer LtrAex2, SEQ. ID. NO. 8. The PCR product was cut with NdeI and BamHI, gel purified on a agarose gel, and cloned into pET-1 la. The inserts of pLE12, pETLtrA19 and pETLtrAl each of which contain the LtrA ORF are depicted in Figure 6.

pETLtrAl-1 was introduced into cells of the E. coli strain BLR(DE3) as described in Example 1 and the transformed cells grown for 3 hours in SOB medium at 37°C as described in Example 3. Thereafter, the cells were lysed and the resulting lysate fractionated into a S 15 soluble fraction and insoluble fraction by low speed centrifugation as described in Example 1 to provide fractions containing a partially-purified preparation of LtrA protein.

Preparing Nucleotide Integrases using in vitro-synthesized intron RNA EXAMPLE RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity and comprising an excised, Ll.ltrB 20 intron RNA which lacks the ORF and an LtrA protein was prepared by mixing an in vitrosynthesized intron RNA with an LtrA protein preparation that was made by digesting the RNP particles prepared as described above in example l with micrococcal nuclease (MN).

Specifically, 1.0 O.D 2 6 ofthe RNP particle preparation were resuspended in 40 pl of 10 mM Tris, HCi, pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl 2 2.5 mM CaCl2, 5 mM DTT and incubated with 12 or 36 25 units of MN from Pharmaciafor 10 minutes at 220 C after which the MN was inactivated by S addition of EGTA to 7.5 mM.

The group II intron RNA was generated by in vitro transcription of pLI2-AORF.

pLI2-AORF, which has a large deletion in the intron ORF, was derived from pLI2 by inverse PCR with primers AORFa: GGGGGGGCTAGCACGCGTCGCCACGTAATAAATATCTG GACG, SEQ. ID.

NO. 19 and AORFb: 5'-GGGGGGGCTAGCACGCGTTGGGAAATG GCAATG ATAGC, SEQ.D.NO. 20 each containing an Mlul site. The PCR product was digested with Miul and WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687 self-ligated to generate pLI2-AORF, thereby replacing amino acids 40 to 572 of the LtrA ORF with threonine and arginine. The plasmid was linearized with BamHI and transcribed with phage T3 RNA polymerase, and the in vitro-synthesized RNA (30 to 50ig) was spliced for 60 min at 42 0 C in 100 pil of 1 M NH 4 CI, 100 mM MgC12, and 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH Prior to reconstitution, the RNA was heated to 85 to 90 0 C for 2 minutes, then stored on ice.

0.05 O.D.

260 units of the MN-treated RNP particles was added to 20 ul of reaction medium containing 50 mM Tris-HCI (pH7.5), 10 mM MgCI 2 10 mM KC1, 5 mM DTT, and 1 p.g of the spliced RNA to provide RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity and comprising a modified, excised, Ll.ltrB intron RNA and an LtrA protein.

EXAMPLE 11.

RNP particles having nucleotide integrase and comprising the LtrA protein and an excised Ll.ltrB intron RNA having a kanamycin resistance gene inserted in domain IV in place of the LtrA ORF were prepared as described above in example 10 except that the RNA component was made using pLI2-AORFkanR. pLI2-AORFkanR, which replaces amino acids 39-573 of the LtrA ORF with a kanR gene, was constructed by cloning the 1,252-bp Sail fragment containing the kanR gene from pUK4K (Pharmacia, Piscataway, NJ) into the Mlul site of pL12-ORF by blunt-end ligation after filling in both the Sail and MluI sites with Klenow polymerase (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD) Comparative Example A RNP particles lacking nucleotide integrase activity were prepared as described in Example 1 from cells of the BLR(DE3) strain of E. coli that had been transformed with plasmid pETlla, which lacks.a group II intron. Accordingly, is these RNP particles do not comprise excised, group II RNA or group II intron-encoded proteins and therefore, do not have nucleotide integrase activity.

Comparative Example B.

RNP particles lacking nucleotide integrase activity were prepared as described in Example 1 from cells of the BLR(DE3) strain of E. coli that had been transformed with plasmid pETLtrA19FS, which comprises the sequence of an LtrA ORF having a frame shift 372 base pairs downstream from the initiation codon of the LtrA ORF. frame. Accordingly, the RNP particles contain a truncated LtrA protein, i.e. an LtrA protein lacking the Zn domain nnd, therefore, do not have nucleotide integrase activity.

19 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687 Characterization of the RNP particles of Examples 1 and 2.

A portion of the RNP particle preparation of examples 1 and 2 and comparative examples A and B were subjected to SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Staining of the resulting gel with Coomassie Blue permitted visualization of the proteins in each of the fractions. A band of approximately 70 kDa, which corresponds to the predicted molecular weight of the LtrA protein was seen in the lanes containing aliquots of the RNP particles of Examples 1 and 2. This band was absent from the lanes containing the RNP particles prepared from comparative examples A and B. On the basis of the staining intensity of the kDa band, the quantity of LtrA protein in 10 OD 2 6 o units of RNP particles was estimated to be approximately 3 Thus, RNP particles containing the group II intron-encoded protein LtrA can be prepared by expression of the group II intron Ll.ltrB in a heterologous host cell.

The reverse transcriptase activities of the RNP particles of examples 1 and 2 and the RNP particles of comparative examples A and B were assayed by incubating each of the RNP particle preparations with a poly(rA) template and oligo (dTg) as a primer. The RNP particles of examples 1 and 2 exhibited reverse transcriptase activity, while the RNP particles of comparative examples A and B exhibited no reverse transcriptase activity. Thus, the methods described in examples 1 and 2 are useful for preparing RNP particles that have reverse transcriptase activity. The reverse transcriptase activity that is present in nucleotide integrases allows incorporation of a cDNA molecule into the cleavage site of the double stranded DNA which is cut by the nucleotide integrase.

Characterizing the Distribution and Yield of the LtrA Protein A portion of the insoluble fraction and soluble fraction of the lysates from the cells transformed and cultured according to the methods described in examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 9 were subjected to SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Following electrophoresis, the SDS gels were stained with Coomassie blue to compare the yield of the LtrA protein and the distribution of the 70 kDa LtrA protein prepared by the methods of examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 9.

As shown on the gel, more of the LtrA protein was found in the soluble fraction when the transformed BLR (DE3) cells were grown in SOB medium and shaken at 300 rpm than when the transformed BLR cells were grown in LB medium and shaken at 200 rpm. In addition, the total amount of LtrA protein produced by the transformed BLR cells, that is the amount of LtrA in both the soluble and insoluble fractions, increased when, as described in example 4, a SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687 plasmid comprising the Ll.ltrB intron and a plasmid comprising argU(dnaY) gene were both introduced into the host cells, the LtrA protein which was expressed in cells transformed with a plasmid which lacks the 5' segment of the Ll.ltrB.intron, as described in example 9, was significantly more insoluble than the LtrA protein which was expressed in cells transformed with a plasmid that contained the 5'segment of the intron as well as the LtrAORF.

Characterization of the Group II Intron-Encoded Protein Prepared According to the Methods of Examples 5-and 6.

A portion of the insoluble fraction and soluble fractions of the lysates from the cells transformed and cultured according to the methods described in examples 5 and 6 and in comparative examples A and B were subjected to electrophoresis on duplicate SDSpolyacrylamide gels. One of the gels was stained with Coomassie blue and the proteins on the duplicate were transferred to nitrocellulose paper by Western blotting. A primary antibody to the HSV antigen and an alkaline phosphatase-labeled anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody were used in an enzyme-linked immunoassay to identify proteins carrying the HSV epitope or the Xpress T M tag. The anti-HSV antibody and the anti-XpressTM tag antibody bound to a protein having a molecular weight of approximately 70 kDa, which is close to the calculated molecular weight of the LtrA protein. The HSV tagged LtrA protein and the XpressTM tagged LtrA protein were found in the soluble and insoluble fractions from cells transformed with pIntermediateC and pIntermediateN but not in the soluble fractions and insoluble fractions of cells transformed with pET27b(+) and pRSETB. Thus, the methods of examples 5 and 6 are useful for preparing an RNP particle comprising a tagged group II intron encoded protein. These assays also demonstrated that the amount of the tagged group II intron-encoded protein present in the soluble fraction, from which the RNP particles are derived, increases when the transformed and induced cells are incubated at 22 0 C as compared to 37 0 C. In cells grown at 22 0 C, the yield of the tagged protein was 0.4 to 2 mg per 1 culture, which is 2 to 5% of the total protein, with about 30% being soluble and 40 to 90% of the soluble protein being recovered in RNP particles (0.3 to 3 jig LtrA protein/O.D.

2 60 In cells grown at 37 0 C, a high proportion of the protein was insoluble. However, a significant amount of the tagged LtrA protein that was found in the soluble fraction was present in RNP particles.

21 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687 Characterization of the Purity and Yield of the Protein in the RNP Particles Prepared According to the Method of Example 7 A portion of the RNP particle preparation of example 7 and comparative examples A and B were subjected to SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which was subsequently stained with Coomassie Blue. A band of approximately 70 kDa, which corresponds to the predicted molecular weight of the LtrA protein was seen in the lanes containing aliquots of the RNP particles of Example 7 and was absent from the lanes containing the RNP particles prepared from comparative examples A and B. On the basis of the Bradford protein assays of the column eluant, the quantity of LtrA protein in RNP particles in the eluant from the chitin column was estimated to be approximately 0.5 mg/liter of start culture. The LtrA protein in these RNP particles was approximately 95% pure. Accordingly, the method of claim 7 is highly preferred for making large amounts of highly purified RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity.

Using the RNP Particles to Cleave Double-Stranded DNA and to Insert Nucleotide Sequences into the Cleavage Site.

Nucleotide integrases are useful for cleaving RNA substrate, single-stranded DNA substrates and one or both strands of a double-stranded DNA substrate, catalyzing the attachment of the excised, group II intron RNA molecule to the RNA substrate, the singlestranded DNA substrate, and to the first strand, i.e. the strand that contains the IBS1 and IBS2 sequence, of the double-stranded DNA substrate. Nucleotide integrases also catalyze the formation of a cDNA molecule on the second strand, i.e. the strand that is complementary to the first strand, of a cleaved double-stranded DNA substrate. Thus, the nucleotide integrases are useful analytical tools for determining the location of a defined sequence in a doublestranded DNA substrate. Moreover, the simultaneous insertion of the nucleic acid molecule into the first strand of DNA permits tagging of the cleavage site of the first strand with a radiolabeled molecule. In addition, the automatic attachment of an RNA molecule onto one strand of the DNA substrate permits identification of the cleavage site through hybridization studies that use a probe that is complementary to the attached RNA molecule. An attached RNA molecule that is tagged with a molecule such as biotin also enables the cleaved DNA to be affinity purified. Moreover, the cleavage of RNA molecules, single stranded DNA molecules, and one or both strands of a double stranded DNA molecule and the concomitant 22 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687 insertion of a nucleotide sequence into the cleavage site permits incorporation of new genetic information or a genetic marker into the cleavage site, as well as disruption of the cleayed gene. Thus, the nucleotide integrases are also useful for rendering the substrate DNA nonfunctional or for changing the characteristics of the RNA and protein encoded by the substrate DNA.

While RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity can be used to cleave nucleic acid substrates at a wide range of temperatures, good results are obtained at a reaction temperature from about 30 0 C to about 42 0 C, preferably from about 300 to about 37 0 C. A suitable reaction medium contains a monovalent cation such as Na' or and a divalent cation, preferably a magnesium or manganese ion, more preferably a magnesium ion, at a concentration that is less than 100 mM and greater than 1 mM. Preferably the divalent cation is at a concentration of about 5 to about 20 mM. The preferred pH for the medium is from about 6.0-8.5, more preferably about 7.5-8.0.

Because of its reverse transcriptase activity, the LtrA protein, either in the form of an RNP particle which comprises the LtrA protein or as a free protein, a protein which is not bound to a group II intron RNA, is also useful for transcribing RNA molecules.

Cleavage of Double Stranded DNA Substrates A. Cleaving a Double-Stranded DNA Substrate with the RNP Particles of Example 1 0.025 O.D 260 of the RNP particles of Example 1 and comparative examples A and B were incubated for 20 minutes with 150,000 cpm of each of a 5' and 3' end-labeled doublestranded DNA substrate that comprises the wild-type exon .1 and the wild-type exon 2 junction of the ItrB gene. The sequence of the 129 base pair substrate, which comprises the base pair exon 1 and exon 2 junction of the ItrB gene, plus sequences of the plasmid is depicted in Figure 7A and SEQ. ID. NO. 4. To verify cleavage, the products were isolated on a 6% polyacrylamide gel.

The substrate which is cleaved by the nucleotide integrase, which comprises the excised Ll.ltrB intron RNA and the LtrA protein, is schematically depicted in Figure In addition, the IBS 1 and IBS2 sequence of the substrate is shown in figure As shown in Figure 8, the IBS1 and IBS2 sequences which are complementary to the EBS sequences of the Lltr.B intron RNA are present in exon I of the ItrB gene. As depicted in Figure 8, the RNP particles prepared according to the method of example 1 cleaved the sense strand of the substrate at position 0, which is the exon 1 and exon 2 junction, and cleaved the antisense 23 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687 strand at When the RNP particles prepared according to the method of example 1 were treated with either RNase A/T1 to degrade the RNA in the particles, or with proteinase Ko degrade the protein component of the particles prior to incubation of the particles with the substrate, no cleavage of the substrate was observed. These results indicate that both the RNA component and the protein component of the nucleotide integrase are needed to cleave both strands of the substrate DNA.

0.025 O.D.26 0 units of the RNP particle preparation of example 1 were reacted with 125 fmoles (150,000 cpm) of the 129 base pair internally-labeled DNA substrate for minutes. To verify cleavage, the products were glyoxalated and analyzed in a 1% agarose gel.

A dark band of radiolabel of approximately 1.0 kb RNA and lighter bands of approximately 0.8, 1.1, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.9, 2.5, 3.2 were observed on the gel. Pretreatment of the reaction products with RNase prior to separation on the agarose gel resulted in the complete disappearance of these bands. These results indicate that the Ll.ltrB intron RNA was attached to the DNA substrate during reaction of the substrate with the RNP particles of example 1. On the basis of the size of Ll.trB intron, it is believed that the band at 2.5 kb represents the integration of the full length group II intron RNA into the cleavage site of the sense strand. The presence of smaller radiolabeled products on the gel is believed to be due to degradation of the integrated intron RNA by RNases which may be present during purification. The finding that the RNA-DNA products withstand denaturation with glyoxal indicates a covalent linkage between the intron RNA and the DNA substrate.

B. Cleaving Double-Stranded DNA Substrates using Nucleotide Integrases Prepared by the Methods of Examples 8. 10; and 11.

0.025 O.D.

260 units of the RNP particle preparation of examples 10 and 11 were reacted with 125 fmoles (150,000 cpm) of the 129 base pair internally-labeled DNA substrate for 20 minutes. To verify cleavage, the products were glyoxalated and analyzed in a 1% agarose gel. To verify that the RNA component of the nucleotide integrase had been partially or fully integrated into the cleavage site, sequences of the exon 1 DNA-intron RNA and exon 2 DNA junctions were analyzed by RT-PCR. The RNP particles prepared as described in examples 10 and 11 were able to efficiently cleave the double-stranded DNA substrate and to either partially or fully integrate the intron RNA subunit of the nucleotide integrase into the cleavage site. Thus, RNP particles that comprise LtrA protein and an Ll.ltrB intron RNA which lacks an ORF sequence have complete nucleotide integrase activity. Similarly RNP 24 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687 particles that comprise an LtrA protein and an LltrB intron RNA in which the ORF has been replaced with a sequence encoding a different gene product also have complete nucleotide integrase activity 0.025 O.D.

260 units of the RNP particle preparations of example 8 were reacted with 125 fmoles (150,000 cpm) of the 129 base pair internally-labeled double-stranded

DNA

substrate which comprises the sequence depicted in Figure 7A for 20 minutes. In addition, 0.025 O.D.

2 6 0 units of the RNP particle preparations of example 8 were reacted with 125 fmoles (150,000 cpm) of a 129 base pair internally-labeled double-stranded DNA substrate which comprises a modified exon 1 and wild-type exon 2 of the Ll.ltrB gene for 20 minutes.

The sequence of the first strand of the 129 base pair substrate, in which the nucleotide at position -6 relative to the putative cleavage site in the wild-type exon 1 is changed from a C to a G is underlined in Figure 7B. The putative cleavage sites in the first strand of the substrates shown in Figure 7A and 7B are depicted by a vertical line. To verify cleavage, the products were glyoxalated and analyzed in a 1% agarose gel. Endonuclease assays were also conducted to confirm that cleavage occurred between nucleotides -1 an +1 in the first strand of the substrate and at position +9 in the second strand of the substrate, and also to confirm that a nucleic acid molecule had been inserted into the cleavage site. The RNP particles prepared as described in example 8 were able to efficiently cleave the double-stranded

DNA

substrate shown in Figure 7b and to either partially or fully integrate the intron RNA subunit of the RNP particles into the cleavage site. The EBS 1 sequence of the modified Ll.ltrB intron in the RNP particles prepared as described in example 8 is complementary to the IBS1 sequence of the substrate shown in Figure 7b. The RNP particles prepared as described in example 8, however, were not able to efficiently cleave the substrate depicted in Figure 7a.

The EBS1 sequence of the modified Ll.ltrB intron in the RNP particles prepared as described in example 8 is not complementary to the IBS 1 sequence of the substrate shown in Figure 7a.

These results indicate that changing the EBS 1 sequence of a group II intron RNA alters the target site specificity of the nucleotide integrase that comprises the modified group II intron

RNA.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

1. A method of preparing RNP particles having nucleotide integrase activity comprising the steps of: (a) (b) (c) excised, group encoded protein. providing an isolated, excised, group II intron RNA; providing a group II intron-encoded protein; and incubating the excised, group II intron RNA with the group II intron- encoded protein to provide an RNP particle comprising the II intron RNA bound to the group II intron-

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the group II intron-encoded protein of step is obtained by a process comprising the following steps: a) expressing a DNA molecule which comprises an open reading frame sequence that encodes said group II intron-encoded protein in a host cell to provide an RNP particle comprising said group II intron-encoded protein bound to an RNA molecule; b) lysing said host cell to obtain said RNP particle; and c) removing said RNA molecule from said group II intron-encoded protein.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the DNA molecule lacks an intron sequence upstream of said open reading frame sequence.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein said open reading frame sequence is operably linked to a promoter. The method of claim 2 wherein said RNP particle is obtained from a soluble fraction of the lysed host cell.

6. The method of claim 2 wherein the DNA molecule further comprises a nucleotide sequence encoding a tag for facilitating isolation of the RNP particle. 26 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO 98/54353 PCT/US98/10687

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the nucleotide sequence which encodes the tag is at the end or the 3' end of the open reading frame sequence.

8. The method of claim 2 wherein the RNA is removed from the group II intron-encoded protein by contacting the RNP particle with a nuclease.

9. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of introducing the DNA molecule into a heterologous host cell prior to step The method of claim 1 wherein the group II intron-encoded protein is provided by a process comprising the following steps a) expressing a DNA molecule which encodes a wild-type or a modified group II intron RNA into a host cell to provide an RNP particle comprising said group II intron- encoded protein bound to an RNA molecule; b) lysing said host cell to provide said RNP particle; and c) removing said RNA molecule from said group II intron-encoded protein.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the DNA molecule encodes a splicing-defective group II intron RNA.

12. The method of claim 10 wherein the RNP particle is obtained from a soluble fraction of the lysed cell

13. The method of claim 10 further comprising the step of introducing the DNA molecule into a heterologous host cell prior to step

14. The method of claim 1 wherein the isolated, excised, group II intron RNA is a wild-type group II intron RNA. The method of claim 1 wherein the isolated, excised, group II intron RNA is a modified group II intron RNA. 27 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) .4 28

16. The method of claim 15 wherein the modified group II intron RNA comprises a modification in the loop region of domain IV.

17. The method of claim 15 wherein the modified group II intron RNA has a modified EBS1 sequence.

18. The method of claim 15 wherein the modified group II intron RNA has a modified EBS2 sequence.

19. The method of claim 1 wherein said isolated group II intron RNA comprises a first hybridizing sequence capable of hybridizing with a first intron RNA binding sequence on one strand of a DNA substrate and a second hybridizing sequence capable of hybridizing with a second intron RNA binding sequence on said one strand of the DNA substrate. The method of claim 16 wherein said isolated group II intron RNA further comprises a delta nucleotide that is complementary to a delta prime nucleotide on said one strand of the substrate, said delta prime nucleotide being located at position +1 relative to a cleavage site on said one strand of said DNA substrate. 15 21. A method of preparing RNP particles having integrase activity, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the examples.

22. An RNP particle having integrase activity, prepared by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 21.

23. An RNP particle having integrase activity, and prepared by: 20 providing an isolated, excised, group II intron RNA; providing a group II intron-encoded protein; and incubating the excised, group II intron RNA with the group II intron-encoded protein to provide an RNP particle comprising the excised, group II intron RNA bound to the group II intron-encoded protein, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the examples. S. 25 24. An RNP particle according to claim 22 or claim 23, when used for cleaving a nucleic 0* acid molecule at a specific cleavage site. 0•

25. An RNP particle when used according to claim 24, wherein said use further comprises insertion of a second nucleic acid molecule into the cleavage site.

26. An RNP particle when used as defined in claim 24 or claim 25, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the examples. Dated 30 July, 2001 The Ohio State Research Foundation Patent Attorneys for the Applicant/Nominated Person SPRUSON FERGUSON [I:\DAYLIB\LIBA]4153.doc:mef SEQUENCE LISTING GENERAL INFORMATION: APPLICANT: The Ohio State Research Foundation (ii) TITLE OF INVENTION: Methods of Making an Rnp Particle Having Nucleotide Integrase Activity (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 23 COMPUTER READABLE FORM: MEDIUM TYPE: Floppy disk COMPUTER: IBM PC compatible OPERATING SYSTEM: PC-DOS/MS-DOS SOFTWARE: Patentln Release Version #1.30 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 2761 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA(genomic) 0 0 0 00 So.

090- *.go (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: AAGCTTAGAG AAAAATAATG CGGTGCTTGG TCATCACCTC TGACAATCTA ACTCCTGAAC AAATTCATGA AATAGGTCGT AGGTGGCGAA TATGAATTTG TGATTGCAAC CCACGTCGAT GCGCCCAGAT AGGGTGTTAA GTCAAGTAGT TTAAGGTACT AAACAGCCAA CCTAACCGAA AAGCGAAAGC TGATACGGGA GATGAGTTAC CTAAAGACAA TCGGGTACGA CTGAGTCGCA ATAAGTTGTG TTTACTGAAC GCAAGTTTCT AATTTCGGTT GTCTGAAACC TCTAGTACAA AGAAAGGTAA GTTATGGTTG ACATTTGTAC AATCTGTAGG AGAACCTATG GGAACGAAAC GAATTTACCA AGACTTAACA CTAACTGGGG ATACCCTAAA GAGGAAAAAG GCTATAGCAC TAGAGCTTGA AAATCTTGCA TATTCTGAGA AGGGTAACGC CCTTTACATG GCAAAGGGGT TTAAAAATTG ATTAGGGAGG AAAACCTCA-A AATGAAACCA AATCAGTAAA AATTCACAAG AAAATATAGA CGAAGTTTTT TTTACGTCCA GATATTTATT ACGTGGCGTA TCAAAATTTA CACAAAAGGA ATATTAGATG ATACAGCGGA TGGCTTTAGT TATTCAATCT TTAAAAGACG GAACTTACTA TCCTCAACCT AAAAAAGAAT TCTAAAAAGA TGAGACCTTT AGGAATTCCA CCAAGAAGCT GTGAGAATAA TTCTTGAATC TATCTATGAA TCACGGTTTT AGACCTCAAC GAAGCTGTCA CACAGCTTTG TGGCGGCGCA AGATGGTTTG TGGAGGGAGA TATAAAAGGC CGTTACACTC ATTGGACTCA TCAATCTTAA AATCAAAGAT TTATAAATTT CTAAAAGCAG GTTATCTGGA AAACTGGCAG AACACCTCAA GGTGGAATTC TATCTCCTCT TTTGGCCAAC TAAGTTTGTT TTACAACTCA AAATGAAGTT TGACCGAGAA TGAATATCGG GAACTTCACA ATGAGATAAA AAGAATTTCT GGGTGAAGAA AAAGCTAAAG TTCTTTTAGA ATATCAAGAA ACTCCCCTGT ACCTCACAGA CAAATAAAGT ATTGAAATAC CATTATCTCT GTTAAAGGAA GCAAAGAGGA CTGTCAATGG TTTTATTCAT AACAAGCTAA AAATGGAATT GAGTGAAGAA CAGTCAACCC GCTCGTTTTC TGGGATATGA TATACGAGTA ACGATCTGGT AAAG-TCAAAA AGAGIAACACT CAATGGGAGT TCAAGACAAA ATTCGTCAAT TTATTTTTGA CAAGAAAATA CTCATGGTTT CCAGTTCACA GGAAATATCT TATTCGTTCA AATTTATAAT TCTGAATTAA GAGGGATTTG TAATTACTAC ATCCAATCAT CAAACCATAT CGTGAACACA ACTCTGTAAG ACAGAGCACG ATGTTAATCA ATGTGTCGAT TGGACTTATC GAAAGCGATG CAAGAATGCC AGGGTACGGA ACAGTTATTG ACAATGGCAA ACAAGACTTT TATTCCAATA GAAGAAAAAA GTACGAAGAA ACTTTCACAG CCGGTATTCG AAAACAATCA TGCTTCGATA ATGAAAATGA TATCACAAAA ATCTATCTTC AGTCCAGAAA CACCGTCTCA AAACGTAAAA GTCCGGTATG ATAAAAGAAC AAAACACTCA AGGAGAAGTG GTAGAACTCC GCTATCCAAA ACAGACTTAG GGTCTAGCAA TTTCTCCTGA TAGAATTTAC TCCATAACGT ATAACACAGA GTTGGAAAGC GATATAAGGT AGAGGAAAGT TGTTATCACC CCGAGAATCT TAATAGAAAG GTACTCGTAG TGTACTAAAA TTTTAGAAAG ATCGTTATCT AAGGAGCTTC TAAAAAAGAT TGTATATTGC ATAAATTGAT AAGATGTGTC AAAGAGAGTT ATATAGACCA GCCAATTGAT CTTACAGCGG ATGAATTGGA GAATAACACC AGAAGTTGGA GATTACCCAC CGGACGACTT AATTAAAACT TCACACATAG GAACGATAAA T T AT T C C TCT AGAAAGATAG AAATCATCAC GTAATTTTAA 120 180 240 300 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 780 840 900 960 1020 1080 1140 1200 1260 1320 1380 1440 1500 1560 1620 1680 1740 1800 1860 1920 1980 2040 2100 2/10 CCAGCTCAAT ACATAAGGGA CATCCCGTAT TAAATCCCCT CCGGAATACT TGAAAATACT AAAATGGGAA TCATCGTCAC TATACTCCGA TGTGAACAAG ACTGGCAAAC T TATTTTGCTT ACACTTTCAA GAGATAAAGC TATCAATTTA CTTGAAAACA TCCTATGAAA ATGGCAATGA GTGATTCATA GAGGGGTACG GCGGTACCTC AATTTGACTG ATCTTATGGA AAACCATTTC AAGGTAAGCA CGGATGAGAT GGTTAAAAGC TTCACCATGT TAGCGAAACA AACACAAGTG TACGGTTCCC CCTACTTCAC GAAAGTCATT ATACAGCTGT CATGTTTAAA GCGCCGTTAT AAGTCAAGCT TAAATGTTGT CAATAAGGTC ACGTAAAACT AATTTTTACG GAAGAGGGTG CATATCATTT CCTAAAGAGA CTAAAAACGA GATGGAAGTG TTTGCAAATT CCTGTATTGT GAATTATGTG AAAAATCTTA CTTGTTGTAT AACGAACAAT GTGCAAACCA TTAATTCTAC AAACAAAAAG TAGCCTCCAA GTTCGTGGGG TTAGTGAATG ATGGCTATGC GAACATCTGA AAGGCAAAGA GCTTTCATTG AACAGAGCCG GTCACAGTAA GAATCTTTAT CGGCAAAGCT 2160 2220 2280 2340 2400 2460 2520 2580 2640 2700 2760 2761 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 1800 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA(genomic) (ix) FEATURE: NAMEXEY: CDS LOCATION: 1-1800 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2: ATG AAA CCA ACA ATG GCA ATT TTA GAA 25 Met Lys Pro Thr Met Ala Ile Leu Glu 0 0 0 0 6 6 0 .0 *fee to so 0 go: 1 GAA Glu AGA Arg 10 CTT Leu ATC AGT AAA AAT Ile Ser Lys Asn TCA CAA Ser Gln AAT ATA GAC Asn Ile Asp GAA GTT TTT ACA Glu Val Phe Thr TAT CGT TAT Tyr Arg Tyr CCA GAT ATT TAT TAC GTG GCG TAT Pro Asp Ile Tyr Tyr Val Ala Tyr AAT TTA TAT Asn Leu Tyr CTT TTA CGT Leu Leu Arg AAT AAA GGA Asn Lys Gly TTT AGT GAA Phe Ser Glu GCT TCC Ala Ser 50 GAA AAA Glu Lys AAA GGA ATA TTA GAT GAT ACA GCG Lys Gly Ile Leu Asp Asp Thr Ala GAT Asp ATA AAA AAG ATT Ile Lys Lys Ile CAA TCT TTA AAA Gln Ser Leu Lys 75 GAC GGA ACT TAC Asp Gly Thr Tyr TAT Tyr CCT CAA CCT GTA Pro Gln Pro Val AGA ATG TAT ATT Arg Met Tyr Ile ATG AGA CCT Met Arg Pro GCT GTG AGA Ala Val Arg 115 GTG TCT CAC Val Ser His TTA Leu 100 ATA Ile ATT CCA ACT Ile Pro Thr GCA AAA AAG Ala Lys Lys 90 ACA GAT AAA Thr Asp Lys TAT GAA CCG Tyr Glu Pro AAT TCT AAA AAG Asn Ser Lys Lys TTG ATC CAA GAA Leu Ile Gln Glu 110 GTA TTC GAA GAT Val Phe Glu Asp 125 ACA GCT TTG AAA Thr Ala Leu Lys ATT CTT GAA Ile Leu Glu TCT Ser 120 CAA Gln 288 336 384 432 480 GGT TTT AGA Gly Phe Arg ACA Thr 145 130 ATC Ile CCT Pro 135 GGC Gly CGA AGC TGT Arg Ser Cys CAC His 140 TTT Phe AAA AGA GAG Lys Arg Glu TTT Phe 150 GAT Asp GGC GCA Gly Ala ATA AAA GGC TGC Ile Lys Gly Cys ATC AAT CTT AAA TTC Phe 165 ATC AAT ATA GAC Asn Ile Asp AGA TGG Arg Trp 155 CAC GTT His Val 170 ATG AGC GTG GAG GGA Val Glu Gly GAT Asp 160 ACA CTC ATT Thr Leu Ile CAA TTG ATT GGA CTC Gly Leu 175 TAT AAA AAA GAT ATG AAA 08160 0 005. 0 OS.. 6S 6 S. 0 OS.. Oe 0O .5 *0 S S 0O 0 55.. S. C. S.. a *0e0 S a CSo@ 5@54 0 S Sass 5) 5O a S p* eSCO S a Ile TTT Phe AGC Ser TAT Tyr 225 GAC Asp AAT Asn GAA Glu CCC Pro CGG Arg 305 TGT Cys 30 AAA Lys CCC Pro 35 ATA Ile GAA 40 Giu 385 AAG Lys 45 AGG Arg AAT Asn TTT Phe AAA Lys 465 ATG Met CAA Gin CCT Asn CTA Leu GGA Gly 210 CTT Leu CGA Arg GAG Giu AAA Lys ACA Thr 290 TAT Tyr CAA Gin ATG Met GCT Aia AAA Lys 370 CTC Leu AAA Lys AAA Lys TCT Ser AAC Asn 450 ACG Thr TTT Phe GGT Giy TAT Leu AAA Lys 195 ACA Thr CAT His GAA Giu ATA Ile GCT Aila 275 CTC Leu GCG Aia TGG Trp GAA Giu CGT Arg 355 CGA Arg CTT Leu ATA Ile TAT Tyr GAA Giu 435 CAG Gin ATA Ile AAA Lys AAG Lys CAA Lys 180 GCA Aia CCT Pro GAA Giu AGT Ser AAA Lys 260 AAA Lys CCC Pro GAC Asp ATA Ile TTG Leu 340 TTT Phe TCT Ser ATT Ile GCT Ala CTT Leu 420 TTA Leu CTC Leu GCC Ala GAT Asp CAG Gin 500 TTT Ile GGT Gly CAA Gin TTG Leu CCA Pro 245 AGA Arg GTT Vai TGT Cys GAC Asp AAA Lys 325 AGT Ser CTG Leu GGT Giy CCT Pro ATC Ile 405 ATT Ile AGA Arg AAT Asn TCC Ser GGA Giy 485 CGC Arg ACG Lys TAT Tyr GGT Giy GAT Asp 230 GAA Giu ATT Ile CTT Leu ACC Thr TTC Phe 310 GAA Giu GAA Giu GGA Giy AAA Lys CTT Leu 390 CAA Gin CGT Arg GGG Gly TAT Tyr AAA Lys 470 AGT Ser CGT Arg GAT Asp CTG Leu GGA Gly 215 AAG Lys AGA Arg TCT Ser TTA Leu TCA Ser 295 ATT Ile CAA Gin GAA Giu TAT Tyr GTC Val 375 CAA Gin AAG Lys TCA Ser ATT Ile TTT Phe 455 CAT His GGT Gly TAT Tyr GAG Met GAA Giu 200 ATT Ile TTT Phe ATA Ile CAC His GAA Giu 280 CAG Gin ATC Ile TTA Leu AAA Lys GAT Asp 360 AAA Lys GAC Asp AAA Lys ACA Thr TGT Cys 440 GCT Ala AAG Lys TCG Ser TTT Phe ATA Lys 185 AAC Asn CTA Leu GTT Val ACA Thr CGT Arg 265 TAT Tyr ACA Thr TCT Ser AAA Lys ACA Thr 345 ATA Ile AAG Lys AAA Lys GAT Asp GAC Asp 425 AAT Asn TAT Tyr GGA Gly TGG Trp GCA Ala 505 AGT Met TGG Trp TCT Ser TTA Leu CCT Pro 250 CTC Leu CAA Gin AAT Asn GTT Vai CTT Leu 330 CTC Leu CGA Arg AGA Arg ATT Ile AGC Ser 410 TTA Leu TAC Tyr CTT Leu ACA Thr GGC Gly 490 AAT Asn CAA Ser CAG Gin CCT Pro CAA Gin 235 GAA Giu AAG Lys GAA Giu AAA Lys AAA Lys 315 TTT Phe ATC Ile GTA Val1 ACA Thr CGT Arg 395 TCA Ser GAA Giu TAC Tyr ATG Met CTT Leu 475 ATC Ile TTT Phe GCT Gin TAT Tyr CTT Leu 220 CTC Leu TAT Tyr AAG Lys AAA Lys GTA Val 300 GGA Gly ATT Ile ACA Thr AGG Arg CTC Leu 380 CAA Gin TGG Trp ATC Ile GGT Gly GAA Giu 460 TCA Ser CCG Pro AGT Ser CCT Leu CAC His 205 TTG Leu AAA Lys CGG Arg TTG Leu CGT Arg 285 TTG Leu AGC Ser CAT His CAT His AGA Arg 365 AAT Asn TTT Phe TTT Phe ATC Ile CTA Leu 445 TAC Tyr AAA Lys TAT Tyr GAA Giu GTA Ile 190 AAA Lys GCC Ala ATG Met GAA Giu GAG Giu 270 AAA Lys AAA Lys AAA Lys AAC Asn AGC Ser 350 AGT Ser GGG Gly ATT Ile CCA Pro ACA Thr 430 GCA Ala AGC Ser ACC Thr GAG Giu TGT Cys 510 TTG Tyr ACT Thr AAC Asn AAG Lys CTT Leu 255 GGT Giy AGA Arg TAC Tyr GAG Giu AAG Lys 335 AGT Ser GGA Gly AGT Ser TTT Phe GTT Val 415 ATT Ile AGT Ser TGT Cys ATT Ile ATA Ile 495 AAA Lys TAT Lys TAC Tyr ATC Ile TTT Phe 240 CAC His GAA Giu TTA Leu GTC Val1 GAC Asp 320 CTA Leu CAA Gin ACG Thr GTA Val GAC Asp 400 CAC His TAT Tyr AAT Asn CTA Leu TCC Ser 480 AAG Lys TCC Ser GGC 624 672 720 768 816 864 912 960 1008 1056 1104 1152 1200 1248 1296 1344 1392 1440 1488 1536 1584 08160 Pro Tyr Gin Phe Thr Asp Giu Ile Ser 515 520 TAT GCC CGG AAT ACT CTT GAA AAC AGG Tyr Ala Arg Asn Thr Leu Giu Asn Arg 530 535 TTA TGT GGA ACA TCT GAT GAA AAT ACT Leu Cys Gly Thr Ser Asp Giu Asn Thr 545 550 AAT AAG GTC AAA AAT CTT AAA GGC AAA Asn Lys Val Lys Asn Leu Lys Gly Lys 565 ATA GCG AAA CAA CGT AAA ACT CTT GTT Ile Ala Lys Gin Arg Lys Thr Leu Val 580 585 CAC GTG ATT CAT AAA CAC AAG TGA His Val Ile His Lys His Lys 595 600 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 600 amino acids TYPE: amino acid TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3: Met Lvs Pro Thr Met Ala Ile Leu Glu Gin TTA Leu TCC Ser GAA Giu 570 GTA Val1 Pro GCT Ala 540 GAA Giu TGG Trp TTT Phe Giu Pro 30 Al a Giu 65 35 Pro Met Ala 40 Val1 Thr 145 45 Ile Ile Phe Ser Tyr 225 Asp Asn Ile Ile 35 Thr Ile Pro Pro Arg 115 His Lys Gly Leu Lys 195 Thr His Giu Ile Asp Tyr Lys Lys Val Leu 100 Ile Gly Arg Cys Lys 180 Ala Pro Glu Ser Lys Giu Tyr Gly Lys Arg Gly Ile Phe Giu Phe 165 Ile Gly Gin Leu Pro 245 Arg Val1 Val1 Ile Ile 70 Arg Ile Leu Arg Phe 150 Asp Lys Tyr Gly Asp 230 Giu Ile Phe Ala Leu 55 Ile Met Pro Giu Pro 135 Gly Asn Asp Leu Gly 215 Lys Arg Ser Thr Tyr 40 Asp Gin Tyr Thr Ser 120 Gin Gly Ile Met Giu 200 Ile Phe Ile His Arg 25 Gin Asp Ser Ile Phe 105 Ile Arg Ala Asp Lys 185 Asn Leu Val Thr Arg Arg Leu Asn Thr Leu Ala 90 Thr Tyr Ser Arg His 170 Met Trp Ser Leu Pro 250 Leu Ser Lys Arg Tyr Tyr Ser Asp Gly Asp Gly Lys Asn Lys Leu Pro Val 125 His Thr 140 Phe Val Thr Leu Gin Leu Tyr His 205 Leu Leu 220 Leu Lys Tyr Arg Lys Leu Leu TGT Cys CAC His ATG Met TGT Cys 590 Asn Leu Asn Phe Thr Ser Ile 110 Phe Ala Giu Ile Ile 190 Lys Ala Met Giu Glu Tyr TGT Cys CAT His GCA Ala 575 CAT His Ser Leu Lys Ser Tyr Lys Gin Giu Leu Gly Gly 175 Tyr Thr Asn Lys Leu 255 Gly Gly GAA Giu GTC Val 560 ATG Met CGT Arg Gin Arg Gly Giu Tyr Lys Giu Asp Lys Asp 160 Leu Lys Tyr Ile Phe 240 His Glu 1632 1680 1728 1776 1800 260 270 Giu Lys Ala Lys Val Leu Leu Giu Tyr Gin Giu Lys Arg Lys Arg Leu 275 280 285 Pro Thr Leu Pro Cys Thr Ser Gln Thr Asn Lys Val Leu Lys Tyr Val 290 295 300 Arg Tyr Ala Asp Asp Phe Ile Ile Ser Val Lys Gly Ser Lys Glu Asp 305 310 315 320 Cys Gln Trp Ile Lys Glu Gln Leu Lys Leu Phe Ile His Asn Lys Leu 325 330 335 Lys Met Glu Leu Ser Glu Glu Lys Thr Leu Ile Thr His Ser Ser Gin 340 345 350 Pro Ala Arg Phe Leu Gly Tyr Asp Ile Arg Val Arg Arg Ser Gly Thr 355 360 365 Ile Lys Arg Ser Gly Lys Val Lys Lys Arg Thr Leu Asn Gly Ser Val 370 375 380 Glu Leu Leu Ile Pro Leu Gln Asp Lys Ile Arg Gln Phe Ile Phe Asp 385 390 395 400 Lys Lys Ile Ala Ile Gln Lys Lys Asp Ser Ser Trp Phe Pro Val His 405 410 415 Arg Lys Tyr Leu Ile Arg Ser Thr Asp Leu Glu Ile Ile Thr Ile Tyr 420 425 430 Asn Ser Glu Leu Arg Gly Ile Cys Asn Tyr Tyr Gly Leu Ala Ser Asn 435 440 445 Phe Asn Gln Leu Asn Tyr Phe Ala Tyr Leu Met Glu Tyr Ser Cys Leu 450 455 460 Lys Thr Ile Ala Ser Lys His Lys Gly Thr Leu Ser Lys Thr Ile Ser 465 470 475 480 Met Phe Lys Asp Gly Ser Gly Ser Trp Gly Ile Pro Tyr Glu Ile Lys 485 490 495 Gin Gly Lys Gln Arg Arg Tyr Phe Ala Asn Phe Ser Glu Cys Lys Ser 500 505 510 Pro Tyr Gln Phe Thr Asp Glu Ile Ser Gln Ala Pro Val Leu Tyr Gly 515 520 525 Tyr Ala Arg Asn Thr Leu Glu Asn Arg Leu Lys Ala Lys Cys Cys Glu 530 535 540 Leu Cys Gly Thr Ser Asp Glu Asn Thr Ser Tyr Glu Ile His His Val 35 545 550 555 560 Asn Lys Val Lys Asn Leu Lys Gly Lys Glu Lys Trp Glu Met Ala Met 565 570 575 Ile Ala Lys Gln Arg Lys Thr Leu Val Val Cys Phe His Cys His Arg l 580 585 590 40 His Val Ile His Lys His Lys 595 600 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 129 base pairs 45 TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA(genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4: CGCTCTAGAA CTAGTGGATC CTTGCAACCC ACGTCGATCG TGAACACATC CATAACCATA TCATTTTTAA TTCTACGAAT CTTTATACTG GGAATTCGAT ATCAAGCTTA TCGATACCGT 120 CGACCTCGA 129 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 24 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid 08160 6/10 STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA(genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID TCACCTCATC TAGACATTTT CTCC 24 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 28 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA(genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6: CGTTCGTAAA GCTAGCCTTG TGTTTATG 28 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 24 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA(genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:7: CACAAAGTGA TCATTTAACG AACG 24 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8: 25 SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 25 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear 30 (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA(genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8: TTGGGATCCT CATAAGCTTT GCCGC INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 30 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA(genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:9: CAAAGGATCC GATGAAACCA ACAATGGCAA 08160 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 33 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA(genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID AGTGGCTTCC ATATGCTTGG TCATCACCTC ATC 33 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1 1: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 39 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: single TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA(genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:11: GGTAGAACCA TATGAAATTC CTCCTCCCTA ATCAATTTT 39 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:12: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 25 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear 25 (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA(genomic) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:12: AAACCTCCAT ATGAAACCAA CAATG INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:13: .o SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: 30 LENGTH: 24 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid o: STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA(genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:13: TCGATCGTGA ACACATCCAT AACC 24 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:14: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 30 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double 08160 8/10 TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA(genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:14: TAACTTCCCG GGCTTGTGTT TATGAATCAC INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 20 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA(genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID GGATCGAGAT CTCGATCCCG INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:16: is SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 22 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA(genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:16: CGCACGTTAT CGATGTGTTC AC 22 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:17: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: 25 LENGTH: 26 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA(genomic) 30 (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:17: S*TTATGGTTGT CGACTTATCT GTTATC 26 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:18: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 20 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA(genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:18: CTTCGAATAC CGGTTCATAG INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:19: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: 08160 LENGTH: 42 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA(genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:19: GGGGGGGCTA GCACGCGTCG CCACGTAATA AATATCTGGA CG 42 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 38 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA(genomic) (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID GGGGGGGCTA GCACGCGTTG GGAAATGGCA ATGATAGC 38 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:21: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 129 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:21: 25 CGCTCTAGAA CTAGTGGATC CTTGCAACCC ACGTCGATCG TGAACACATC CATAACCATA TCATTTTTAA TTCTACGAAT CTTTATACTG GGAATTCGAT ATCAAGCTTA TCGATACCGT CGACCTCGA 129 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:22: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: 30 LENGTH: 129 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:22: CGCTCTAGAA CTAGTGGATC CTTGCAACCC ACGTCGATCG TGAACACATC GATAACCATA TCATTTTTAA TTCTACGAAT CTTTATACTG GGAATTCGAT ATCAAGCTTA TCGATACCGT CGACCTCGA 129 INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:23: SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: LENGTH: 53 base pairs TYPE: nucleic acid STRANDEDNESS: double 08160 10/10 TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:23: AACCCACGTC GATCGTGAAC ACATCCATAA CCATATCATT TTTAATTCTA CGA 53 08160