AU741561B2 - Herbicidal formulation and method of controlling plants - Google Patents
Herbicidal formulation and method of controlling plants Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU741561B2 AU741561B2 AU29440/97A AU2944097A AU741561B2 AU 741561 B2 AU741561 B2 AU 741561B2 AU 29440/97 A AU29440/97 A AU 29440/97A AU 2944097 A AU2944097 A AU 2944097A AU 741561 B2 AU741561 B2 AU 741561B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- herbicidal formulation
- formulation
- herbicidal
- range
- sugar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 title claims description 36
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 28
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical group OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007866 Chamaemelum nobile Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007232 Matricaria chamomilla Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020374 simple syrup Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000003538 Chamaemelum nobile Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000008504 concentrate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N (+)-α-limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)[C@@H]1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000005304 Ageratina riparia Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010662 Bidens pilosa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000214240 Galinsoga parviflora Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000595422 Hypochaeris radicata Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000429223 Tagetes minuta Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000003595 Tagetes minuta Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000021374 legumes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000296912 Ageratum conyzoides Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004405 Ageratum conyzoides Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003870 Ageratum houstonianum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000208327 Apocynaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010011485 Aspartame Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000208838 Asteraceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000047982 Axonopus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000189524 Baccharis halimifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000104272 Bidens pilosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006890 Chamerion angustifolium subsp angustifolium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002278 Chamerion angustifolium subsp circumvagum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000151799 Crotalaria ochroleuca Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000234646 Cyperaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000506964 Dichondra repens Species 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000220485 Fabaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000018914 Galinsoga parviflora Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007171 Imperata cylindrica Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000157344 Kyllinga brevifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006550 Lantana camara Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000006828 Macroptilium lathyroides Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000042664 Matricaria chamomilla Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000208128 Nicotiana glauca Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001330453 Paspalum Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000026791 Pennisetum clandestinum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000780602 Senecio Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000090691 Senecio hieracifolius Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000003705 Senecio vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000320380 Silybum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012480 Solanum sp Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000404546 Soliva Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000113428 Sonchus oleraceus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006745 Sonchus oleraceus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 240000009010 Tithonia diversifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219793 Trifolium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001073567 Verbenaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000605 aspartame Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N aspartame Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003438 aspartame Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010357 aspartame Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008827 biological function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002837 defoliant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009610 hypersensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000020573 organic concentrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005080 plant death Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000000003 plant pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000005195 poor health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000020275 sunflower milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/36—Rutaceae [Rue family], e.g. lime, orange, lemon, corktree or pricklyash
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
WO 97/46102 PCT/AU97/00343 HERBICIDAL FORMULATION AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING PLANTS This invention relates to a herbicidal formulation and method of controlling plants.
This invention has particular but not exclusive application to an environmentally friendly herbicide, and for illustrative purposes reference will be made to such application. However, it is to be understood that this invention could be used in other applications, using components which are selected on criteria other than environmental sensitivity, such as broad efficacy, appealing colour or odour or such like.
Herbicidal formulations presently base their efficacy on systemic invasion of a plant, causing disruption of the plant's biological function leading to plant death and subsequent decomposition. Herbicides almost always leave an undesirable residual in the soil which is ingested into surviving flora and fauna, leading to undesirable health and safety effects. Additionally, synthetic formulations frequently contain intractable poisons and toxins which accumulate, such as polychlorinated biphenols present in minute quantities in popular defoliants such as 24D and 245T, otherwise known as agent orange. Traditional herbicides are not formulated from natural materials or at least include an active ingredient of synthetic origin, and such synthetic materials are often associated with allergies, hypersensitivities and poor health.
Moreover, traditional herbicides are not intrinsically safe. The manufacturers of such formulations will go no further than to say that traditional herbicides are not known to cause harm, a statement which falls short of saying that such herbicides are harmless.
The present invention aims to alleviate one or more of the above disadvantages and to provide a herbicidal formulation and method of controlling plants which will be reliable and efficient in use. This invention also aims to provide a herbicidal formulation and method of controlling plants which is non-systemic, biodegradable and WO 97/46102 PCT/AU97/00343 -2environmentally friendly With the foregoing in view, this invention in one aspect resides broadly in a herbicidal formulation including: a salt; a microbiological food; a detergent, and an oxidant mixed into a solution with a diluent.
Preferably the salt is a metal halide, such as sodium chloride in aqueous solution in the range of from 125 g/L to saturation. In a preferred embodiment, the salt is sea salt in the range of from 200 g/L to 300 g/L, and more preferably, 250 g/L. It will be appreciated that the concentration of the salt may be determined by a consideration of the cost of same which decreases with concentration in balance with the efficacy of the mixture which increases with concentration.
Suitably, the microbiological food is a carbohydrate such as a sugar. The sugar may be any sugar or mixture of sugars, such as the sugar known by the trade name aspartame but preferably is a mono- or disaccharide or closely related thereto, and more preferably in the form of a sugar syrup such as molasses, treacle or such like. The sugar is preferably in the range of from 15 g/L to 25 g/L in the mixture.
The detergent may be any detergent known in the art for use in herbicidal formulations having the purpose, for example, of causing the formulation to stick to the surface of the target plant, and for some plant species, to break down the waxy coating on the exterior walls of the target plant. The preferred embodiment includes an alpha olefin sulfonate having a chain length in the range of from 12 to 14, however, it is to be appreciated that preferred detergents are completely biodegradable and environmentally friendly. Other detergents may be used such as d-limonene or materials containing same, such as for example the cleanser known by the trade mark ORANGE SQUIRT sold by Citrus Resources Australia.
The oxidant is also preferably environmentally friendly, WO 97/46102 PCT/AU97/00343 -3such as hydrogen peroxide or such like, and preferably does not adversely affect the other components of the herbicidal formulation. Other oxidising agents may be used such as alkali permanganates, perchlorates, dichromates and such like.
It will also be appreciated that additives may be substituted for one or more of the above preferred components if such additives include the preferred components so substituted. For example, chamomile herbal organic concentrate may be substituted for the alpha olefin sulfonate because it is known to contain alpha olefin sulfonate.
In a further aspect, this invention resides in a method of controlling plants by applying to a target plant a formulation which desiccates the target plant and selectively promotes the growth of pathogens whereby the target plant is overcome and perishes. Suitably, the formulation is nonsystemic and includes a herbicidal formulation as hereinbefore defined.
In another aspect, this invention resides in a herbicidal formulation having a salt, sugar and oxidant concentration in solution sufficient to desiccate a target plant and a wetting agent having a concentration sufficient to permit the formulation to wet the surface of the target plant whereby the solution upon drying is substantially evenly distributed over the target plant. It is preferred that the sugar is in sufficient concentration to provide a food and/or energy source for naturally occurring plant pathogens to attack the desiccated target plant whereby the target plant is overcome thereby and dies.
If desired, pathogenic elements may be introduced or included in the formulation, and the formulation may be biologically active. Alternatively, a non-aqueous diluent may be used, such as alcohol, acetone or such like, to increase the drying rate of the formulation upon the target plant, however, it will be appreciated that the diluent chosen should be a solvent for sugar.
In order that this invention may be more readily WO 97/46102 PCT/AU97/00343 4understood and put into practical effect, reference will now be made to the following examples which illustrate a typical embodiment of the invention.
EXAMPLE 1 An aqueous solution comprising 250 g/L sea salt, 25 ml/L cane sugar molasses, 10 ml/L alpha olefin sulfonate and g/L potassium permanganate was made and applied to plants of the species listed in the accompanying table. After application of the herbicidal formulation in accordance with this invention, all of the following plants displayed indicative symptoms associated with the retardation of plant vigour and a high order of pathogenic control following experimental field trials: Family Common Name Botanical Name
ASCLEPIADACEAE
Cotton Bush Gomphcarpus spp
ASTERACEAE
Billy Goat Weed Bindii Cobblers Pegs Fireweed Flatweed Groundsel Japanese Sunflower Milk Thistle Mist Flower Potato Weed Stinking Roger Ageratum houstonianum Soliva pterosperma Bidens pilosa Senecio spp Hypochoeris radicata Baccharis halimifolia Tithonia diversifolia Sonchus oleraceus Ageratina riparia Galinsoga parviflora Tagetes minuta
CONVULVACEAE
Kidney Weed Dichondra repens
CYPERACEAE
Mullimbimby Couch Cyperus brevifolius WO 97/46102 PCT/AU97/00343 5 Family Common Name Botanical Name
FABACEAE
Clover Trifolium subteeraneum Legume Macroptilium lathyroides Phasey Bean Macroptilium lathyroides Rattle Pod Crotalaria sp
POACEAE
Blady Grass Imperata cylindrica Carpet Grass Axonopus spp Kikuyu Pennisetum clandestinum Paspalum Paspalum dilitatum
SOLONACEAE
Wild Tobacco Solanum sp
VERBENACEAE
Lantana Lantana camara The herbicidal formulation of the present invention may be placed into back mounted tanks or smaller hand pump spray appliances. The dry ingredients are added to the tank and the sea salt added thereto in the required quantities, whereupon water is added and stirred until the solids are completely dissolved. After the solution is complete, the detergent is added and stirred, and the final quantity of water added to make the formulation the required strength.
The herbicidal formulation so produced is sprayed liberally on target plants until a good coverage is achieved, using a standard nozzle adjusted to a fine mist.
It will of course be realised that while the above has been given by way of illustrative example of this invention, all such and other modifications and variations thereto as would be apparent to persons skilled in the art are deemed to fall within the broad scope and ambit of this invention as claimed in the following claims.
Claims (4)
- 2. A herbicidal formulation as claimed in claim i, wherein the salt is mixed in an aqueous solution in the range of from 125 g/L to saturation and the microbiological food is a sugar mixed in the aqueous solution in the range of from 15 g/L to g/L.
- 3. A herbicidal formulation as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the salt is sea salt in the range of from 200 g/L to 300 g/L.
- 4. A herbicidal formulation as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sugar is in the form of a sugar syrup selected from molasses and treacle. A herbicidal formulation as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the detergent is alpha olefin sulfonate having a chain length in the range of from 12 to
- 14. 6. A herbicidal formulation as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the oxidant is selected from non- halogen soluble oxidising agents which do not adversely affect the other components of the herbicidal formulation. 7. A herbicidal formulation as claimed in claim 5, wherein the soluble oxidising agent is hydrogen peroxide. 8. A herbicidal formulation as claimed in claim i, wherein the detergent is contained in chamomile herbal organic 7 concentrate. 9. A method of controlling plants by applying to a target plant a formulation which desiccates the target plant and selectively promotes the growth of pathogens whereby the target plant is overcome and perishes. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the formulation is non-systemic and includes a herbicidal formulation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8. 11. A herbicidal formulation substantially as hereinabove described with reference to the examples. 12. A method of controlling plants substantially as hereinabove described with reference to the examples. DATED THIS 5 TH DAY OF MARCH 2001 BGP INDUSTRIES PTY LTD BY PIZZEYS PATENT TRADE MARK ATTORNEYS *coco
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU29440/97A AU741561B2 (en) | 1996-05-30 | 1997-05-30 | Herbicidal formulation and method of controlling plants |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPO0165A AUPO016596A0 (en) | 1996-05-30 | 1996-05-30 | Herbaceous plant (weed) control formulation |
| AUPO0165 | 1996-05-30 | ||
| AU29440/97A AU741561B2 (en) | 1996-05-30 | 1997-05-30 | Herbicidal formulation and method of controlling plants |
| PCT/AU1997/000343 WO1997046102A1 (en) | 1996-05-30 | 1997-05-30 | Herbicidal formulation and method of controlling plants |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2944097A AU2944097A (en) | 1998-01-05 |
| AU741561B2 true AU741561B2 (en) | 2001-12-06 |
Family
ID=25621056
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU29440/97A Ceased AU741561B2 (en) | 1996-05-30 | 1997-05-30 | Herbicidal formulation and method of controlling plants |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU741561B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUPQ760400A0 (en) * | 2000-05-18 | 2000-06-08 | Prescott, Grahame | Herbical formulations and methods of use thereof |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0441389A1 (en) * | 1990-02-09 | 1991-08-14 | Abbott Laboratories | Electrolytic cleaning and disinfecting solution |
| US5389386A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1995-02-14 | Church & Dwight Co., Inc. | Method of controlling fungal disease in cultivated plants |
-
1997
- 1997-05-30 AU AU29440/97A patent/AU741561B2/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0441389A1 (en) * | 1990-02-09 | 1991-08-14 | Abbott Laboratories | Electrolytic cleaning and disinfecting solution |
| US5389386A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1995-02-14 | Church & Dwight Co., Inc. | Method of controlling fungal disease in cultivated plants |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2944097A (en) | 1998-01-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PC1 | Assignment before grant (sect. 113) |
Owner name: NONTOX ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS PTY LTD Free format text: THE FORMER OWNER WAS: BGP INDUSTRIES PTY LTD |
|
| FGA | Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent) | ||
| MK14 | Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired | ||
| NA | Applications received for extensions of time, section 223 |
Free format text: AN APPLICATION TO EXTEND THE TIME FROM 20030530 TO 20040229 IN WHICH TO PAY A RENEWAL FEE HAS BEEN LODGED |
|
| NB | Applications allowed - extensions of time section 223(2) |
Free format text: THE TIME IN WHICH TO PAY A RENEWAL FEE HAS BEEN EXTENDED TO 20040229 |