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AU748683B2 - High efficiency lighting system - Google Patents
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AU748683B2 - High efficiency lighting system - Google Patents

High efficiency lighting system Download PDF

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Publication number
AU748683B2
AU748683B2 AU67731/98A AU6773198A AU748683B2 AU 748683 B2 AU748683 B2 AU 748683B2 AU 67731/98 A AU67731/98 A AU 67731/98A AU 6773198 A AU6773198 A AU 6773198A AU 748683 B2 AU748683 B2 AU 748683B2
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Australia
Prior art keywords
power
primary source
source
battery
lighting
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AU67731/98A
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AU6773198A (en
Inventor
William G. Wilheim
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Nextek Power Systems Inc
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Nextek Power Systems Inc
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • H02J1/02—Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • H02J1/06—Two-wire DC power distribution systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for DC mains or DC distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of DC sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in networks by storage of energy using batteries or super capacitors with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J4/00—Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as AC or DC; Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks combining AC and DC sections or sub-networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/062—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads
    • H02J9/065—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for AC powered loads for lighting purposes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R25/00—Coupling parts adapted for simultaneous co-operation with two or more identical counterparts, e.g. for distributing energy to two or more circuits
    • H01R25/006—Coupling parts adapted for simultaneous co-operation with two or more identical counterparts, e.g. for distributing energy to two or more circuits the coupling part being secured to apparatus or structure, e.g. duplex wall receptacle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)

Description

WO 98/41793 PCTIUS98/05836 HIGH EFFICIENCY LIGHTING SYSTEM BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The field of the invention is low voltage, direct current high efficiency, uninterruptible lighting and DC power systems capable of operating simultaneously with a multiplicity of alternating current (AC) and DC power sources.
Uninterruptible power supplies are known accessories especially when applied to computer equipment to "ride out" brief line power outages so that no data is lost or compromised and in emergency lighting systems where lighting integrity is essential. Many have limited battery storage capability due to ordinary high battery storage volume requirements and high storage battery unit cost. Therefore, operation periods with conventional uninterruptible means may not be maintained for an extended outage. Some special lighting systems are also protected in a similar fashion by an alternating AC power source for critical applications such as operating rooms in hospitals. Such systems, whether using storage batteries or AC auxiliary power sources tend to be complex and relatively expensive, and as a result are limited to only the most valuable applications. With consideration for cost many of these system are also compromised in output performance and durability. In lieu of such considerations, reduced amounts of auxiliary emergency lighting or other power needs are provided for only special applications and are served by packaged "add-on" systems which are only applied and engaged during power outages and not for normal standard lighting needs; these kinds of packages are often used in stairwells and consist of a simple housing enclosing a battery, basic charger, a power sensor means and one or two simple flood lamps of limited light output capacity.
These prior art systems, even if more complex and elaborate in construction, are compromised in performance, due to cost, and do nothing to enhance lighting quality, efficiency, or in other ways enhance the value of the power application except through its limited uninterruptible I's
Y
operation during critical power outages, and would not be considered as equivalent or economical substitutes for conventional lighting or other end-uses.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION It is a preferred object of this invention to provide an uninterruptible lighting system and/or end-use power system that can be more versatile and that can be routinely substituted for conventional building or office lighting and other end-uses as if it where intended for conventional end-use needs without compromised end-use performance.
It is another preferred object of this invention to provide high efficiency operation :10 with lower operating cost than conventional incandescent and fluorescent lighting systems.
It is yet another preferred object of this invention to provide longer term uninterruptibility (3 hours with small storage volumes.
It is a preferred object of this invention to provide optimum battery management for longer stationary battery storage life, lower maintenance, and more economical operation.
It is a further preferred object of this invention to provide for compatible and economical connection to alternate energy sources such as solar photovaltaic (PV) panels, fuel cells and other similar DC power supply devices and to manage these sources in relation to serving the output load or loads while maintaining the storage battery within its preferred performing range.
It is another preferred object of this invention to provide a system with enhanced safety through low voltage operation nominally at 26.6 volts for a two lead-acid, 12 volt battery system at room temperature between the power control unit and the lighting fixtures or other DC end-use devices. Other battery systems may also be applied and the output service voltage so adjusted for optimum battery maintenance and life, while serving a suitable DC compatible load.
It is yet another preferred object to achieve high power quality through dynamic high power factor correction and similarly achieving low total harmonic AC supply line distortion.
It is a preferred object of this invention to achieve greater overall application value and service quality with low voltage operation while still using standard building wiring and wire sizes while achieving very small voltage drops.
10 It is still another preferred object of this invention to provide overall building power integrity for lighting and other end-uses that are immune to area and central disruptions such as bombings and confined disasters through a modular independent power in-line device gooC ,o0 between the AC circuit breaker and the end-use that increases system and subsystem integrity with simple component standardization.
15 It is yet another preferred object of the invention to provide a universal power So:- interface that accepts a multiplicity of both AC and DC electric power sources simultaneously and directs them to the lighting and/or end-use application in a shared manner.
It is still another preferred object of the invention to provide a universal power interface that accepts a multiplicity of AC or DC electric power sources singularly and without the other in support of the lighting and/or end-use application with conventional end-use expected quality.
It is still further a preferred object of the invention to provide a method and a means to utilize the invention as a power interface where low voltage, DC operation may be utilized in buildings where there is conventional standard high voltage AC wiring and cable sizes.
It remains still a preferred object of the invention to provide a modular structure which allows the power units to be connected in series to satisfy higher DC operating voltages in increments of the individual power unit design voltage.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In keeping with these objects and others which may become apparent, the present 9: 10 invention includes an application of a high efficiency lighting system for maintaining normal lighting levels and conditions by using normal lighting fixtures incorporating a variety of DC electronic ballasts for use with gas discharge lamps requiring DC electrical power as defined by the voltage requirements of this current invention.
##ooo In accordance with a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a power sharing system including: a primary source of AC; an alternative primary source of DC; a secondary source of DC; a power controller capable of inputting power simultaneously from said primary sources, said alternative primary source of DC making a shared contribution of power selected by said power controller, and delivering a constant voltage DC to at least one DC compatible load at an output of said power sharing system; said power controller having means to convert inputted electrical power into a defined DC-regulated voltage to provide and manage power to said DC compatible load; and said secondary source of DC being a battery to supply power in the event of a failure in a primary source of power, said power controller maintaining said battery in a fully charged condition.
In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of sharing power including the steps of: inputting to a power controller electrical power from a primary source of AC, an :.i 10 alternative primary source of DC, and a secondary source of DC; said power controller converting the inputted electrical power from said primary source of AC into a constant DC voltage, with said electrical power from said alternative primary source of DC making a shared contribution of power selected by said power controller; said secondary source of DC backing up the delivery of electric power in the event of a failure of electrical power from said primary source of AC; and delivering said constant DC voltage to lighting ballasts.
Preferred embodiments of the system includes a power control means for receiving AC and/or DC electrical power from a source and delivering the required low voltage DC electrical power to the lighting fixtures or DC compatible end-use. When connected to an AC power source the power control means converts the source of AC electrical power into a regulated low voltage DC compatible with the long-term "float" voltage requirements of a stationary rechargeable storage battery electrical system.
A battery provides, on a standby basis, the required DC low voltage electrical power to the power control means. The storage battery as in the example of a lead-acid design is connected to the power control means so that the battery may be maintained in a fully charged and "float" condition by the power control means during normal supply of AC electrical power from the grid or similar AC source.
The power control means also serves to deliver the required DC electrical power from the battery to the DC compatible lighting fixtures or compatible end-use during an AC electrical power outage to maintain the DC operating power without interruption.
10 The power control means can be a plurality of multiple power control means, each o S•connected to its own battery and/or alternative DC power source for maintaining the lighting or end-use power in a building with multiple rooms and area requirements.
An optional photovoltaic (PV) source of DC electrical power may be connected to the power control means for proportionally reducing the amount of electrical power taken from *see 15 said grid or similar AC source. The control means further is capable of directing any excess 000... PV power, not required by the electrical load to an optionally connected storage battery Swithout exceeding it's safe and stable long-termn operating requirements. If the power application does not include the battery the control means will similarly and proportionally support the load with the AC source while not exceeding operational limits.
The storage battery provides, on a standby basis, DC low voltage electrical power to the load, in the event that the control means highly regulated DC voltage drops below the battery voltage, as in the case where the AC source interrupts the converted DC supply from the control means. Otherwise the power control means maintains the battery in a fully charged and standby "float" condition by electrical power from an AC grid source.
In one preferred version of this invention, AC power input is converted by the power control means into the same regulated DC "float" voltage, without the use of a battery or axially DC source, thus satisfying a low voltage DC lighting. High efficiency gas discharge lighting is thus achieved by optimum voltage control and very high AC to DC conversion efficiencies provided by the power control means, with its switching-mode voltage regulator design, and further by the elimination of similar AC to DC conversion components in the 10 DC ballasts, as in conventional electronic ballasts designs. While switching-mode voltage regulation is preferred, in this invention the invention is not limited by such voltage regulation means.
The power control means may also include circuitry to prevent DC current from S• exceeding a predetermined limit, while still delivering power. The power control means may 15 also include other circuitry to detect a short circuit such that the power control means can interrupt DC power delivery until the short circuit is removed.
*000 This system for maintaining normal power for lighting fixtures requiring DC electrical power, includes the power control means for receiving DC electrical power from a DC source and delivering required DC electrical power to the lighting fixtures, as well as a power control means converting AC electrical power to DC electrical power.
The present invention also provides a DC power supply system for DC loads requiring DC electrical power that includes power control means for receiving AC electrical power from a grid source and delivering required low voltage DC electrical power to said DC load.
It converts the AC electrical power to DC electrical power.
In addition, one embodiment of the present invention includes a battery means that provides required DC low voltage electrical power on a standby basis to the power control means.
The battery means is connected to the power control means so as to permit the battery control means to maintain the battery in a fully charged condition during normal supply of AC electrical power from the AC grid source.
10 The power control means of the present invention delivers required DC electrical power from the battery means to a DC load during an AC electrical power outage so as to
S.
maintain normal operation of the DC load without interruption.
In addition, the present invention optionally provides a DC power supply system a having a photovoltaic [PV] source of DC electrical power connected to the power control 15 means in order to reduce the amount of electrical power taken from said grid source.
The DC power supply system of the present invention optionally further provides a cogeneration source of DC electrical power connected to the power control means to reduce the amount of electrical power taken from a grid source.
Further, the present invention alternatively provides a DC power supply for DC loads requiring DC electrical power. The DC power supply includes a separate power control means for receiving AC electrical power from a grid source. The DC power supply delivers required low voltage DC electrical power to a DC load. The power control means converts the AC electrical power to DC electrical power.
In addition, in an alternate embodiment, the DC power supply system for DC loads requiring DC electrical power includes a power control means for receiving DC electrical power from a DC power source and for delivering required low voltage DC electrical power to the DC load. The power control means is also directed toward the function of controlling charging of a battery means.
In this battery-charging embodiment, the present invention's battery means provides the required DC low voltage electrical power on a standby basis to the power control means.
Also, in this battery-charging embodiment, the battery means is connected to the *o go power control means so as to maintain the power control means in a charged condition during hours of input from the DC power source.
Furthermore, in this battery-charging embodiment, the power control means delivers i required DC electrical power from the battery means to the DC load during times when power from the DC power supply is not available.
S 15 The DC power supply system of the present invention further provides an optional oooo embodiment wherein the DC power source is a cogeneration unit.
Alternatively, in a different embodiment of the present invention, the DC power supply system has a DC power source that is at least one photovoltaic panel.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the DC power supply system furnishes power to a DC load that is a household appliance. The household appliance may alternatively be a microwave oven, a heater, or any other household electrical device.
Furthermore, in further embodiments with or without access to conventional AC power, a DC generator powered by a natural gas engine) is used either as a primary source of electrical power or as a cogeneration companion to normal AC grid power. Thus the power control means can be supplied power for use by a high efficiency lighting system in much the same manner as DC electrical power is received from a photovoltaic panel.
It can be appreciated that any compatible DC load can be serviced by the power control means of this high efficiency lighting system in addition to DC ballasted fluorescent lighting or instead of the latter lighting load. These other DC loads can be supplied with standby power from a storage battery as well. Some examples of DC loads include household appliances, microwave ovens, and heaters.
S 10 In a further preferred embodiment for remote use, such as remote facilities without access to conventional AC power, a high efficiency lighting system maintains normal ••o lighting conditions with lighting fixtures requiring DC electrical power. The remote system includes a power control means for receiving DC electrical power from a suitable auxiliary DC power source such as a photovoltaic panel and delivering 2 oo WO 98/41793 PCT/US98/05836 6 required low voltage DC electrical power to the remote facility lighting fixtures and/or compatible end-use application, and a storage battery. The power control means also serves to control charging of a battery to a maximum and optimum state-of-charge.
The battery also provides, on a standby basis, the required DC low voltage electrical power to the power control means. It is connected to the power control means while being maintained in a charged condition by the power control means, during availability of the DC power source as in the case of sunshine hours of input of power from the photovoltaic panel.
Moreover, the power control means delivers required DC electrical power from the battery to the lighting fixtures during periods of time when power from the auxiliary DC source or photovoltaic panel is not available, such as when the source must be interrupted for specific reasons as at night and cloud cover times for the PV source.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention can best be understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a block diagram of basic power system applied to lighting showing the basic input and output power connections; Figure 2 is a physical block diagram of basic power system used as an uninterruptible lighting system with the battery system connected but without an auxiliary DC power input, such as photovoltaic (PV).
Figure 3 is a wiring layout of a single lighting circuit configuration using a concept called a cluster that avoids excessive low voltage current carrying cable lengths and voltage drops from the low voltage DC power module; Figure 4 is a wiring layout of a four power module system accommodating a larger lighting area requirement that avoids excessive low voltage operational cable lengths and voltage drops while supported from a single AC high voltage line and circuit breaker; Figure 5 is a block diagram of lighting system as in WO 98/41793 PCT/US98/05836 7 Figure 2 but with a PV panel; Figure 6 is a front view of power control unit with typical power input and output power connections; Figure 7 is a wiring diagram and specifications for a two lamp low voltage DC gas discharge ballast having compatibility with the power control unit; Figure 8 is a wiring diagram and specifications for a single lamp low voltage DC gas discharge ballast having compatibility with the power control unit; Figure 9 is a front view of battery containment enclosure; Figure 10 is a block diagram of a power control unit showing typical power input and output power connections and the internal functions of the power control unit; and, Figure 11 is a block diagram of an alternate energy option lighting system using natural gas cogeneration as an alternative DC power source.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the major components of an uninterruptible lighting system supported by this invention. This system may also be used for other DC compatible loads that are designed to use the output voltage of the power invention. It may be installed anywhere conventional building lighting or other end-use devices are required. Unlike emergency lighting and other emergency power systems, this is a full service, high quality end-use power product. It functions with standard fixtures, lamps and DC compatible devices, without compromise in output performance in the event of an conventional power failure. This permits normal power supporting functions to continue for extended hours using battery storage without disruption of work activity due to loss of lighting and potentially other power needs. The key subsystem that ties the entire system together is the power control unit (PCU) 1 which normally uses standard AC grid power to support the end-use application and keep the optional storage battery 2 in an optimal state of charge. When used to support lighting the lighting fixtures 3 are gas discharge lamps like fluorescent WO 98/41793 PCT/US98/05836 8 tubes using electronic ballasts which require a low voltage (nominal 26.6 volts) DC input supplied by line 5 from power control unit 1. Other lamp types may also be used, such as incandescent lamps. During a power outage, the DC line 5 is supplied by battery 2.
Figure 2 shows a physical block diagram showing the AC electric service panel 6 with a standard three wire cable system supplying either voltages of 120 through 277 VAC to PCU 1. Battery case 7 normally contains two group 24/27 size deep discharge lead-acid storage batteries 8 wired in series and through a 30 amp fuse 9 and cables 10 and 11 to the PCU 1. The wiring to all lighting fixtures and compatible enduses 3 is at a nominal working voltage of 26.6 volts DC. In the nominal embodiment, each PCU 1 can power ten two tube 48 inch T8 fluorescent fixtures or 20 single tube fixtures 3 or any equivalent electrical DC load of 25 amps of current at or near the design maintenance voltage of the storage battery system used.
Figure 3 shows a wiring layout for a typical office lighting application 15 with walls 16 as supported by a single PCU 1. A closet area 17 conveniently serves to house a relatively small battery volume 2. The AC line 4 leads to PCU 1 which because of its compact size may be advantageously mounted in the ceiling cavity. The DC wiring 5 to the lighting fixtures is also in the ceiling cavity and due to close proximity of the PCU 1 provides a short wiring path to the lighting fixtures 3. This arrangement of low voltage connected lighting loads forms an integral cluster that many be duplicated many times from a single supporting high voltage AC line as shown in Figure 4 while still minimizing load support voltage drops.
The PCU 1 is electronically input compliant to a wide range of continuous AC supply voltages and will accommodate a range of inputs from 110 to 277 VAC in the PCU i. The input power to the PCU 1 is a nominal 725 watts for an AC rms current ranging from 2.6 to 6.6 amps depending on the AC input voltage. The equivalent range of input AC currents will vary depending on the AC input voltage. Because the PCU WO 98/41793 PCT/US98/05836 9 1 is highly power factor corrected to .99, a 20 amp circuit breaker and number 12 wire can be expected to support a large number of PCUs and their corresponding lighting capacity achieving a maximum of 3 PCU's from a 120 volt line.
Similarly 6 units may be supported from a 277 volt line for a total DC power output of about 4000 watts and an AC input of 4300 watts respectively.
Figure 4 shows a wiring layout of office area 19 with walls 16 serving 8 small offices and four larger ones. This involves the use of four separate uninterruptible lighting systems using four PCU's 1 and four battery modules 2 located in four central closets 17. The four PCU's are supplied from a single 220 VAC circuit breaker in power panel 6 via AC cable 4 as distributed from distribution box 20. Each of the lighting systems supplies 10 two lamp fixtures 3.
There are several different power modes possible with the PCU i. Figure 5 shows an uninterruptible lighting system that includes AC electric service panel 6, battery case 7 with batteries 8 and fuse 9 connected by cables 10,11 to PCU 1, as well as photovoltaic (PV) panel 25. This mode allows solar energy to be a auxiliary power ,source to the AC line while maintaining the storage battery case 7 with batteries 8 as a power supplement during AC outages and solar variations.
As shown in Figure 6, a front view of PCU 1, it is a simple matter to wire the PV panel to the PCU 1 without complicated AC power conditioners as in convention PV applications. The PV panel is merely connected to two PV input terminals on the PCU 1. This mode permits high reliability lighting using an AC line, battery back-up, and PV as overlaying power sources.
The simplest power operating mode is when the AC is the only input power source with the PCU 1 supporting a low voltage DC lighting system. Such a system with the PCU 1 alone attached to the AC line is a viable high efficiency lighting system with minimum interface power losses that can pay for itself by reducing energy consumption. By simply connecting the battery subsystem to the basic system above, the user achieves the additional power mode satisfying uninterruptible DC power operation in support of lighting.
Still another power mode of operation is achieved by using the PCU 1 without a battery but with AC input and a PV panel.
In this mode the PV contribution is preferentially absorbed by the DC load with the balance supplied by the AC input.
In still another power operating mode where the PCU 1 may be used as a stand alone power system without grid supported central AC generation. Such a system is desirable in an area remote from the AC grid. With such a system, using the PCU 1 attached to a suitable PV panel and a suitable rechargeable storage battery, solar lighting and other DC load needs may be satisfied including an DC to AC 60 HZ power inverter.
The PCU 1 is distinguished by being sufficiently 15 flexible to support a multiplicity of power operating modes while satisfying lighting and other electrical requirements.
It can also supply other DC loads such as household appliances, microwave ovens, DC refrigeration and the like.
Furthermore, it can also alternately accept external DC power from many varied sources other than photovoltaic such as wind generators or a engine powered DC generator.
Figure 6 also shows a front view of PCU 1 with finned heat sink 28 and terminal strip 29.
Figures 7 and 8 show the wiring diagrams and S. 25 specifications for the two lamp and one lamp DC ballasts.
respectively.
Figure 9 shows a front view of the battery case 7 with housing 35, hinged lid 36 and latches 37. It is a thermoplastic case rated for sealed type lead-acid batteries.
11 Figure 10 shows a block diagram of the PCU 1. The AC input is rectified by DC Rectifier Means 50 such as a bridge circuit. The Power Factor Correction Means 51 is used to achieve a high power factor and low total harmonic distortion at the AC input. The Control Means 53 and Voltage Regulator means 52 interact through circuits such as pulse width modulation and DC to DC switching power supply topologies to provide the nominal 26.6 volts to the lighting ballasts or other suitable DC loads 57 through the power junction means The Battery Undervoltage Cut-off 56 disconnects the battery 2 in situations of charge depletion to prevent over discharging that contributes to chemical and physical damage to the storage battery. The PV Voltage Regulator and Suppressor 54 is a power conditioner block to suppress voltage transients (such as from lightning strikes in the vicinity) and also to prevent dangerous over charging of the storage battery from the PV panel An embodiment of control means 53 determines if the utility power drawn is above a 15 manually pre-set threshold or a threshold derived from an automatic setpoint circuit. If the utility power drawn exceeds this threshold, voltage regulator means 52 output voltage will o* be set such that power junction means 55 will be biased accordingly such that power to DC loads 57 will be drawn from storage battery 2 and/or PV source 25 through its PV voltage and suppressor 54. In this manner, AC power peaks from the utility are reduced as are monthly utility charges if a peak power surcharge is assigned. The power sharing between PV source 25 and battery 2 is regulated by the output voltage of PV source 25 as modified by PV voltage regulator and suppressor 54. The interaction of voltage output at suppressor 12 54 with that of battery 2 voltage via biasing within power junction means 54 determines the level of power sharing between these DC secondary sources. The latter action also describes the sharing of power between PV panel 25 and battery 2 during periods of utility power outage.
Figure 11 is an alternate embodiment for a powered lighting system including natural gas cogeneration. AC power 50 is normally converted to DC power by the PCU 1 consisting of the DC power converter 51 and control means 52 or otherwise specified by the operations of PCU 1. However, a cogenerator in the form of a gas fuelled DC generator 53 receives natural gas as a primary energy source from a natural gas source 54, and converts it into DC power to support building lighting system 55, such as electronic ballasted fluorescent lighting. This system can provide a flatter and more predictable power demand curve for *i electric utilities by altering the customers demand using building the lighting system supplemented by the gas energy source thus mitigating peak power from electric utility 15 generating sources. This can result in reduced demand charges.
The cogeneration system can run continuously for lighting load 55, and does not require costly synchronous 60 HZ power inverters to be sent back through the AC power line DC gas generator 53 directly couples to building lighting system 55 through the auxiliary DC input of the PCU 1 to operate building lighting system Other embodiments may be applied to the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention, as noted in the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. A power sharing system including: a primary source of AC; an alternative primary source of DC; a secondary source of DC; a power controller capable of inputting power simultaneously from said primary sources, said alternative primary source of DC making a shared contribution of power selected by said power controller, and delivering a constant voltage DC to at least one DC o S 10 compatible load at an output of said power sharing system; said power controller having means to convert inputted electrical power into a defined DC-regulated voltage to provide and manage power to said DC compatible load; and i said secondary source of DC being a battery to supply power in the event of a failure in a :**primary source of power, said power controller maintaining said battery in a fully charged *SSS condition.
2. The power system of Claim 1 wherein said DC compatible load is a lighting system. S 3 The power system of Claim 1 wherein said alternative primary source of DC is a storage medium.
4. The power system of Claim 1 wherein said alternative primary source of DC is photo voltaic. The power system of Claim 1 wherein said alternative primary source of DC is a cogenerator. 14
6. The power system of Claim 1 wherein said alternative primary source of DC is a wind energy conversion system.
7. The power system as in Claim 1 in which said power controller has circuitry for combining power from said alternative primary source of DC and said battery in the absence of power from said primary source of AC.
8. A method of sharing power including the steps of: inputting to a power controller electrical power from a primary source of AC, an alternative primary source of DC, and a secondary source of DC; S 10 said power controller converting the inputted electrical power from said primary source of AC into a constant DC voltage, with said electrical power from said alternative primary source of DC making a shared contribution of power selected by said power controller; 9999 said secondary source of DC backing up the delivery of electric power in the event of 15 a failure of electrical power from said primary source of AC; and
99.. delivering said constant DC voltage to lighting ballasts. 9. The method of claim in which said alternative primary source of DC is one of a photovoltaic, a cogenerator, and a wind energy conversion system. Dated this 7th day of September 2001 PATENT ATTORNEY SERVICES Attorneys for NEXTEK POWER SYSTEMS, INC
AU67731/98A 1997-03-19 1998-03-19 High efficiency lighting system Ceased AU748683B2 (en)

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US08/820,496 US6933627B2 (en) 1991-01-08 1997-03-19 High efficiency lighting system
PCT/US1998/005836 WO1998041793A2 (en) 1997-03-19 1998-03-19 High efficiency lighting system

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ATE421180T1 (en) 2009-01-15

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