AU753154B2

AU753154B2 - Aerosol shampoo composition

Info

Publication number: AU753154B2
Application number: AU47518/99A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Polina Dubowoj
Original assignee: Goldwell AG
Current assignee: Kao Germany GmbH
Priority date: 1998-09-10
Filing date: 1999-09-10
Publication date: 2002-10-10
Anticipated expiration: 2019-09-10
Also published as: DE19841339A1; AU4751899A; ATE208179T1; EP0987000B1; DE59900402D1; EP0987000A1

Abstract

Aerosol shampoo formulation comprising at least 60 wt.% water and up to 20 wt.% anionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic and/or nonionic surfactant(s), optionally together with hair conditioner(s), includes at least one low-boiling hydrocarbon as the sole propellant and contains no preservatives.

Description

The invention concerns an aerosol shampoo composition with improved use properties.

From a good shampoo composition users mainly expect a satisfactory cleansing effect, development of full, creamy lather upon application, economical use, good compatibility with skin and mucous tissue precluding any skin irritations or allergenic potential, and, optionally, Salso a hair-conditioning effect.

Many shampoo compositions are known which attempt to meet these expectations, however, not always achieving the same.

0O German Patent Application No. 198 18 737.8 provides a shampoo composition fulfilling the afore-mentioned conditions, This shampoo composition contains in an aqueous carrier 5% to 50% by weight, calculated to o* the total composition, of at least one anionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic and/or nonionic o*~o surfactant as well as a propellant mixture of at least one low-boiling hydrocarbon propellant 0: 15 and carbon dioxide. The composition is free from preservatives, and, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, also free from perfume components.

0 It was found that an aerosol shampoo of simple composition and-excellent foaming properties as well as good hair-conditioning properties can also be prepared if the carbon dioxide necessarily present in the propellant mixture disclosed in the aforementioned older patent application is replaced by a propellant consisting exclusively of low hydrocarbons, such as JS propane, butane and/or isobutane.

Accordingly, object of the invention is an aerosol shampoo composition comprising at least by weight, calculated to the total composition, of water, not more than 20% by weight, calculated to the total composition, of at least one surfactant, at least one hair-conditioning substance, and, as propellant at least one low hydrocarbon, and which being frce from Spreservatives.

In principle, aerosol shampoo compositions have been known for some time.

However, according to the statements in the monography by K. Schrader, "Grundlagen und ~QRezepturen der Kosmetika', 2nd. Ed. (1989), p. 897, this product has no "justified existence".

because, firstly, the packaging is said to be relatively expensive, and, secondly, disposal of the material being damaging to the environment, and moreover the problems regarding possible corrosion still posing substantial problems.

It was therefore surprising that the compositions according to the invention neither have a corrosive effect nor do they show any other disadvantages; quite to the contrary they provide the afore-mnentioned benefits, the aerosol foam furthermore permits easy distribution throughout the entire hair to be shampooed and thus optimizes the cleansing effect.

WO 98/27 935, 98/27 936, 98/27 937 and 98/27 938 Al already disclose aerosol shampoos which are particularly intended to permit improved deposit of a skin- and hair-cleansisng composition on the hair arnd scalp. Furthermore, these compositions should not. comprise more than 25%, preferably 15% by weight of water and at least 18% by weight of sur'factants, which naturally leads to very expensive products.

It was therefore surprising and, in view of the prior art, could not be foreseen that the compositions according to the invention would result in an excellent hair-conditioning effect.

Preferred low-boiling hydrocarbon propellants are in particular propane, n-butane and/or isobutane, preferably in admixture. As supplementary components it is possible to use fther low-boiling hydrocarbons, ini particular n-pentane.

The proportion of the shampoo composition to the propellant preferably ranges from about 1 to 20: 1, in particular from about 12:1 to about 16: 1.

With the exception of preservatives and, optionally, perfume components, the compositions according to the invention contain the substances customarily found in shampoos.

These substances are in particular surfactants, preferably anionic surfactants.

Anionic surfactants suitable within the scope of the invention are present in amounts of at most 20%, preferably at least 5% to about 15% by weight, calculated to the total composition.

These are surfactants of the sulfate, sulfonate, carboxylate and alkyl phosphate type, especially, of course, those customarily used in shampoo compositions, for example, the known Cio-CIs -alkyl sulfates, and in particular the respective ether sulfates, for example, C 2

C

1 4 -alkyl ether sulfate, lauryl ether sulfate, especially with 1 to 4 ethylene oxide groups in the molecule, furthermore monoglyceride (ether) sulfates, fatty acid amide sulfates, obtained by ethoxylation and subsequent sulfatation of fatty acid alkanolamides, and the alkali salts thereof, as well as the salts of long-chain mono- and dialkyl phosphates, which are mild, skincompatible detergents.

Further anionic surfactants useful within the scope of the invention are ac-olefin sulfonates or the salts thereof and in particular alkali salts of sulfosucccinic acid semiesters, for example the disodium salt of monooctyl sulfosuccinate and alkali salts of long- chain monoalkyl "ethoxysulfosuccinates.

Suitable surfactants of the carboxylate type are alkyl polyether carboxylic acids and the salts thereof of the formula R- (C2H40)n- 0 CH 2

COOX

wherein R is a C 8 -Czo- alkyl group, preferably a C 12 -Ci 4 -alkyl group, n is a number from I to preferably 2 to 17, and X is H or preferably a cation of the group sodium, potassium, magnesium and ammonium, which may optionally be hydroxyalkyl-substituted, as well as alkyl amido polyether carboxylic acids of the general formula R-C -N-CH 2

-CH

2

-(C

2

H

4 0 -CHzCOOX II I O H wherein R and X have the above meanings and n is in particular a number from 1 to preferably 2.5 to Such products have been known and are on the market for some time, for example under the name "AKYPO" and "AKCYPO-SOFT®0".

Cg-C 2 o- acylisethionates can also be used alone or in admixture with other surfactants, as well as sulfofatty acids and the esters thereof.

It is also possible to use mixtures of several anionic surfactanits, for example a mixture of an cx-olefine sulfonate and a sulfosuccinate, preferably in a proportion of 1:3 to 3: 1, or an ether sulfate and a polyether carboxylic acid or alkyl amidoether carboxylic acid.

An overview of the anionic surfactants used in liquid body cleansing compositions can be found in the monography of K.Schrader, "Grundlageri und Rezepturen der Kosmetika", 2nd Ed., (1989, HUthig Buchverlag), pp. 595-600 and pp. 683 to 691.

The amount of anionic surfactants especially preferred in the liquid shampoo compositions according to the invention ranges between about 5% and about I5% by weightl, particularly between about 7.5% to about 12%, especially preferred at about 10% by weight, calculated to O the total composition.

Further useful anionic surfactants are also Cs-C2 2 -acyl aminocarboxylic acids or the watersoluble salts thereof, preferably in an amount firm 0.5% to especially 1% to 2.5% by weight, calculated to the total composition. Especially preferred are N-lauroyl glutamnate, in particular the sodium salt, and, N-lauroyl sarcosinate, N-C 12 -C I -acyl aspartic acid, Ninyristoyl sarcosinate, N-oleoyl sarcosinate, N-lauroyl methyl alarine, N-Iauroyl lysine and Nlauroyl amninopropyl glycine, especially as water-soluble alkali or ammonium, in particular sodium salts thereof, preferably in admixture with the above-named anionic surfactants.

1O Further suitable surfactants in the shampoo compositions according to the invention are nonionic surfactants, preferably in admixture with anionic and/or zwitterionic or arnphateric surfactants.

These are described in Schrader, on pages 600-601 and pages 694-695.

Particularly useful are alkyl polyglucosides with the general formula R-O-(RIO)n-Zx wherein R is an alkyl group with 8 to 18 carbon atoms, RI is an ethylene or propylene group, Z is a saccharide group with 5 to 6 carbon atoms, n is a number from 0 to 10 and x is a number between I and These alkyl polyglucosides have become known as excellent skin-compatible foam-improving agents in liquid laundry and body cleansing compositions, and are contained in an amount from 1% to 10%, in particular from 2.5% to 5% by weight, calculated to the total composition.

15 Mixtures of anionic surfactants and alkyl polyglucosides as well as their use in liquid body cleansing compositions are known per se, for example from EP-A 70 074. The alkyl polyglucosides described therein are basically also suitable within the scope of the present S"invention; also the mixtures of sulfosuccinates and alkyl polyglucosides known from EP-A 358 216.

Further nonionic surfactant components are, for example, long-chain fatty acid mono- and dialkanolamides, such as coco fatty acid monoethanolamide and myristic fatty acid monoethanolamide, which can also be used as foam enhancers.

275 Other useful nonionic surfactants are, the various sorbitan esters, such as polyethylene glycol sorbitan stearic acid ester, fatty acid polyglycol ester or also mixed condensates from ethyleneoxide and propyleneoxide, as they are on the market, for example, under the trade name "Pluronics".

W, Additionally useful surfactants are amineoxides in an amount ranging from about 0.25% to about preferably about 0.5% to about 3.5% by weight, calculated to the total composition.

6 Such amineoxides are state of the art, for example C 12

-C

18 -alkyl dimethyl amineoxides such as lauryl (lirethyl amincoxide, C 12 -CII-alkYl amidopropyl or -ethyl arnineoxides, C 12 alkyl di~hydroxyethyl) or (hydroxypropyl) amnineoxides, or also amineoxides with ethyleneoxide and /or propyleneoxide groups in the alkyl chain.

al Such arnineoxides are on the market, for example, under the trade names "Amrnonyxe~ "Aromox" or "Genarninox'" As further surfactant component, the compositions according to the invention can comprise iOamphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants, for example in an amount from about 0.25% to about preferably from about 1% to about 5% by weight, calculated to the total composition, also preferably in admixture with anionic and/or nonionic surfactants.

Useful as such are in particular the various known betaines such as fatty acid amidoalkyl 1 5~ betaines and sulfobetaines, for example, lauryl hydroxy sulfobetaine; long-chain alkyl amnino acids such as cocoaminoacetate, cocoaminopropionate and sodium cocoarnphopropionate and -acetate have also proven suitable.

In detail, it is possible to use betaines of the structure

CH

2

-CH

2

-OH

R- C- N-CH 2

-CH

2

-N-CH

2

COOE

O H H 2s and

CH

3 R NS- (CH 2 )n -COO'e

OH

3 wherein R is a Ca-C I g-alkyl group and n is 1 to 3; sulfobetaines of the structure

CH

3 R NS (CH 2 SOP9

CH

3 S wherein R is a Cs-C I -alky1 group and n is 1 to 3, and arniidaalkyl betaines of the structure

CH

3 R C N -(CH 2 )n-NS-~C1 2 CoOe 0 H CH 3 wherein R is a Co-C I -alkyl group and n is I to 3.

The shampoos according to the invention can also contain conditioning substances in an amount between about 0.05% and preferably about 0.1% and 1.5% by weight, 5 calculated to the total composition. These are, for example protein hydrolyzates and polypeptides, keratin hydrolyzates, collagen hydrolyzates of the type "Nutrilan R' or 0-0 0000 elastin hydrolyzates, and, in particular also plant hydrolyzates, optionally cationic plant ~protein hydrolyzates, e.g. IGluadinR.

)Q Preferred conditioning additives are hair-conditioning polymers, especially cationic polymers.

These are, for example, the well-known quaternary cellulose derivatives of the type "IPolymerRJRe as well as quatemnized homo- and copolymers from dimethyl diallyl ammoniuxn chloride, as they are known under the trade name "MerquatRbO, quaternary vinyl pyrrolidone 2 copolymners, in particular with dialkyl aminoallcyl(meth)acrylates, known by the name "Gafquat?", copolymers from vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl iniidazoliniurn methochlor-de, offered under the trade name YLuviquatR" plyarnino polyaznide derivatives, for example, copolymers from adipic acid dirnethyl aminohydroxypropyl diethylenetriarnine, distributed under the name "Cartaretinep as well as bisquaternary long-chain ammronium compounds 9 of the urea structure disclosed in Us-Ps 4 157 388, offered on the market under the trade name "Mirapoly A In this context, reference is also made to the cationic polymers named in DE-A 25 21 960, 28 11 010, 3044738 and 32 17 059, as well as tothe products described inEP-A 337 354 on pages 3 to 7. Mixtures of different cationic polymers are also useful.

The cationic polymers also include the quaternization products of graft polymers of organopolysiloxanes and polyethyl oxazolines disclosed in EP-A 524 612 and EP-A 640 643.

14** 0 Useful as hair-conditioning polymers in place of or in addition to cationiic polymers are also nonionic and/or anionic and/or amphoteric polymers in the named amounts.

Nonionic polymers are, for example, alcohol- and/or water-soluble vinyl pyrrolidone polymers, such as a vinyl pyrrolidone homopolyrner or copolymer, in particular with vinyl acetate.

Suitable vinyl pyrrolidone polymers are, for example, the products known by the trade name "Luviskol*", for example the homopolymers "LuviskolS K 30, K 60 and K 90" as well as the water- or alcohol-soluble copolymers from vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate, distributed by BASF AG- under the trade name "LuviskolID VA 55 or VA 64".

Further suitable nonionic polymers are vinyl pyrrolidone/vinyl acetate/vinyl propionate copolymers such as "Luviskolg VA? 343", vinyl pyrrolidone/(meth)acrylic acid ester Scopolymners as well as chitosan derivatives. Where present, their proportion in the shampoo compositions according to the invention ranges between about 0.05% and about preferably 0. 1% and especially about 0. 15% to 1. 5% by weight, calculated to the total composition.

As amphoteric polymers which can be used alone or in admixture with at least one additional cationic, nonionic or anionic polymer, special reference is here made in particular to copolymers of N-octyl acrylarnide, (meth)acrylic acid and tert.-butyl aminoethyl methacrylate of the type "Amphomer®"; copolymers ftrm methacryloyl ethyl betaine and alkyl merthaczylates of the type "Yukaformner®D", the butyl methacrylate copolymner Am75"; copolymners from monomers containing carboxyl groups and sulfonic 9 groups, (meth)acrylic acid and itaconic acid, with monomers such as mono- or dialkyl arninoalkyl (meth)acrylates or mono- or dialkyl aininoalkyl (meth)acrylamides containing basic groups, in particular amino groups; copolymners from N-octyl acrylamide, methyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, N-tert.-butyl aminoethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid, as well as the copolymers known from US-A 3,927,199.

Suitable anionic polymers are vinyl alkyl ether, in particular methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid copolyrners, obtained by hydrolysis of vinyl etherlmaleic anhydride copolymers, distributed under the trade name "Gantrez®V AN or ES". These polymers may also be partly esterified, as as for example, "Gantrez(&l ES 225"', the ethyl ester of an ethyl vinyl ether/maleic acid copolymer, or the butyl or isobutyl ester thereof.

Further useful anioniuc polymers are in particular vinyl acetate/crotonic acid or vinyl acetate/vinyl neodecanoate/crotonic acid copolymers of the type "ResynOD"; sodium alcohol copolymners of the type "HydagenS sodium polystyrene sulfonate, "Flexan® 130"; ethyl acrylate/acrylic acid/N-tert.-butyl acrylamide copolymners of the type "Ultrahold®&"; vinyl pyr-rolidone/vinyl acetate/itaconic acid copolymers, acrylic a. 0 acid/acryl- amnide copolymers or the sodium salts thereof of the type "Reten®"; etc.

ZO Finally, it is also possible to incorporate known polysiloxanes as- conditioning substances int the liquid shampoo compositions according to the invention. The preferred proportion thereof ranges from about 0.5% and about in particular from 1% to 3% by weight, calculated to the total composition Suitable are both volatile as well as nonvolatile cyclic or linear polysiloxanes, for example the silicone oils known under the common names "dimethicotie" or "phenyldimethicone" as well as "cyclomethicorie".

Suitable arc, for example, also the silicone derivatives disclosed iun EP-A 398 177, used therein in combination with alkyl polyglucosides in liquid detergent compositions.

~O Further suitable conditioning substances are vegetable and animal oils as well as synthetic fatty acid esters, also including waxes, in particular natural oils such as avocado oil, coconut oil, palm oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, whale oil, sunflower oil, almond oil, peach kernel oil, wheat germ oil, mnacadamnia nut oil, night primrose oil, jojoba oil, castor oil, or also olive oil, soya oil, lanolin and the derivatives thereof, as well as mineral oils such as paraffin oil and petrolatum.

Synthetic oils and waxes are, for example silicone oils, polyethylene glycols, etc.

Further suitable hydrophobic components are in particular fatty alcohols, preferably those with about 8 to 22 carbon atoms in the molecule, such as myristyl. cetyl, stearyl alcohol, wax alcohols and fatty acid esters such as isopropyl myristate, palmitate, stearate and isostearate, oleyl oleate, isocetyl stearate, hexyl laurate, dibutyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, myristyl O myristate, oleyl erucate, polyethyleneglycol and polyglyceryl fatty acid esters such as PEG-7glyceryl cocoate, cetyl palmitate, etc..

A list of such additives can also be found in Schrader, on pp. 695 to 722.

In the compositions according to the invention, these hydrophobic components are preferably present in a total amount of about 0.5% to about in particular about 1% to *e calculated to the total composition.

It is self-understood that the shampoos according to the invention can contain all substances *e 0 o customarily found in such compositions.

Examples of such additives are complexing agents, dyestuffs, preservatives, pH-regulants, viscosity regulants, such as inorganic salts, to the extent they are not already contained in the surfactant premixtures, perfumes, pearl-gloss agents, thickening agents, moisturizers, etc.

A further preferred component is ethoxydiglycol, preferably in an amount from 0.1% to 5% by weight, calculated to the total shampoo composition according to the invention.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the shampoos according to the invention may also comprise dyestuffs for the direct or oxidative dyeing of human hair, i.e. socalled tinting or dyeing shampoos.

Especially suited are tinting shampoos containing direct-acting dyestuffs.

1-S This is by virtue of the fact that by using such shampoos comprising the surfactant composition according to the invention, and in particular cationic direct-acting dyestuffs, 1.1 especially brilliant, glossy and stable hair colorations in comparison to known tinting shampoos on the basis of conventional surfactants or surfactant mixtures are achieved.

The pH-value of the shampoos according to the invention has the customary range between 5 und 8.5; for special products it can also be adjusted below The viscosity ranges between about 500 and about 1,500 rnPaos at 20 preferably from about 100 to about 600, in particular 250 to 500 mPass at 20 measured according to Brookfiield or Hi~ppler at a shear rate of 10 s-1.

Suitable as containers for dispensing the aerosol shampoos according to the invention are ~.both, aluminium monobloc cans as well as tin plate cans, preferably with an inner coating, for example on the basis of epoxcy resin, as well as plastic or glass containers.

IGThe products according to the invention are prepared by mixing the individual components in water, whereby it is also possible to use pre-mnixtures of various components, and subsequent addition of the propellant under pressure.

The following Example illustrates the invention: 100 parts by weight of an aqueous composition of 10.00 by wt. Sodium lauryl ether sulfate EO) 1.50 Cocoamphodiacetate, sodium salt 2.00 C 12

-C

14 -Alkyl polyglucoside 0.30 Polymer JR 400 (Cationic cellulose polymer) 0.70 PEG-7-Glyceryl cocoate 0 0.05 NaOH, 32 0.45 Citric acid monohydrate 0.30 Perfume ad 100.00 Water 16 were filled into an aluminum aerosol can together with 5 g of a customary propane/butane propellant mixture.

Tlis shampoo composition showed excellent foaming properties and was easy to distribute into the hair. Even upon long-term use, persons allergic to preservatives developed no allergic ,O or skin-sensitizing effects.

By omitting the perfume component, it is also possible to prepare an absolutely non-irritating shampoo for persons allergic to perfume.

After three months storage, examination of the opened cans containing the product according to the above Example showed absolutely no corrosion.

Furthermore, in spite of the absence of preservatives, the composition was found to contain no germs.

Surprisingly, in. a double blind test conducted on ten persons each with an identical 3o composition which had not been packed as aerosol shampoo, a clear preference was also established for the composition according to Example 1 with regard to gloss, combability, smoothness, suppleness and volume of the hair.

Claims

1. Aerosol shampoo composition, comprising, calculated to the total composition, at least by weight of water, at maximum 20% by weight of at least one anionic, amnphoteric, zwitterionic and/or nonionic surfactant, as well as at least one hair-conditioning substance, comprising as exclusive propellant at least one low-boiling hydrocarbon, and being free from preservatives.

2. Aerosol shampoo composition according to claim 1, comprising as hair-conditioning substance at least one cationic polymer.

3. Aerosol shampoo composition according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a maximum of by weight, calculated to the total composition, of at least one surfactant. DATED THIS 10 DAY OF SEPTEMBER 1999 GOLDWELL GmbH SPatent Attorneys for the Applicant:- F.B.RICE CO