AU768261B2 - Flame-retarding composition and process for the preparation thereof - Google Patents
Flame-retarding composition and process for the preparation thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU768261B2 AU768261B2 AU29478/00A AU2947800A AU768261B2 AU 768261 B2 AU768261 B2 AU 768261B2 AU 29478/00 A AU29478/00 A AU 29478/00A AU 2947800 A AU2947800 A AU 2947800A AU 768261 B2 AU768261 B2 AU 768261B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- melamine
- flame
- composition
- melem
- retarding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- YSRVJVDFHZYRPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N melem Chemical compound NC1=NC(N23)=NC(N)=NC2=NC(N)=NC3=N1 YSRVJVDFHZYRPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- YZEZMSPGIPTEBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-n-(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(NC=2N=C(N)N=C(N)N=2)=N1 YZEZMSPGIPTEBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004079 fireproofing Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 29
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 23
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MASBWURJQFFLOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammeline Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(O)=N1 MASBWURJQFFLOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 5
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- YSKUZVBSHIWEFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammelide Chemical compound NC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 YSKUZVBSHIWEFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 3
- CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L tungstic acid Chemical class O[W](O)(=O)=O CMPGARWFYBADJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHEXGENUDVZLKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]urea Chemical compound NC(=O)NNC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JHEXGENUDVZLKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STIAPHVBRDNOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamimidoylazanium;carbonate Chemical compound NC(N)=N.NC(N)=N.OC(O)=O STIAPHVBRDNOAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- NXHKQBCTZHECQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(methyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCP(C)(O)=O NXHKQBCTZHECQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium sulfamate Chemical class [NH4+].NS([O-])(=O)=O GEHMBYLTCISYNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000531908 Aramides Species 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000571 Nylon 11 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000299 Nylon 12 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001007 Nylon 4 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003189 Nylon 4,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(CO)CC1 YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZHMRSPXDUUJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N [amino(hydroxy)methylidene]azanium;dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound NC(N)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DZHMRSPXDUUJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001893 acrylonitrile styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005263 alkylenediamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000013 aluminium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CEDDGDWODCGBFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbamimidoylazanium;hydron;phosphate Chemical compound NC(N)=N.OP(O)(O)=O CEDDGDWODCGBFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical class OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006018 co-polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZSFDBVJMDCMTBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diamine;phosphoric acid Chemical compound NCCN.OP(O)(O)=O ZSFDBVJMDCMTBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZQKXQUJXLSSJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine cyanurate Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.O=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)N1 ZQKXQUJXLSSJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YACKEPLHDIMKIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylphosphonic acid Chemical compound CP(O)(O)=O YACKEPLHDIMKIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical class [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- VXTFGYMINLXJPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinane Chemical class C1CCPCC1 VXTFGYMINLXJPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZTOTRSSGPPNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphono dihydrogen phosphate;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XZTOTRSSGPPNTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MWFNQNPDUTULBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphono dihydrogen phosphate;piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1.OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O MWFNQNPDUTULBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVJYHZQHDMNONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 QVJYHZQHDMNONA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQQWFVUVBGSGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;piperazine Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.C1CNCCN1 NQQWFVUVBGSGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001954 piperazine phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- CGFYHILWFSGVJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1.O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 CGFYHILWFSGVJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium tungstate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O XMVONEAAOPAGAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WSANLGASBHUYGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfidophosphanium Chemical class S=[PH3] WSANLGASBHUYGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VKFFEYLSKIYTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraazanium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O VKFFEYLSKIYTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical class O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/14—Macromolecular materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/3477—Six-membered rings
- C08K5/3492—Triazines
- C08K5/34922—Melamine; Derivatives thereof
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
FIELD: fireproofing materials. SUBSTANCE: invention provides fireproofing composition containing 10-90% melem, 0.01-30% melam, 0.01-15% melamine, and 0.1-65% higher melamine and/or melem condensation products, which contains below 3% volatiles. Composition is prepared by heating starting melamine-containing product during more than 0.1 sec, for example by passing it through hot zone at 350 to 800 C and pressure 1 to 50 MPa. As a result, content of volatiles on heating composition from ambient temperature to 300 C falls below 3%. Measurement of volatiles concentration is performed using thermogravimetric analysis at heating velocity 200oC/min. EFFECT: increased application safety due to reduced volatiles' level. 3 cl, 19 ex
Description
WO 00/56840 PCT/NL00/00123 -1- FLAME-RETARDING COMPOSITION AND PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF The invention relates to a flame-retarding composition and a process for the preparation thereof.
A flame-retarding composition and a process for the preparation thereof are for example described in the Japanese patent publication JP 59-45352, in which the melamine condensation products melem and melon are prepared and used as flame retardants in polyamide compositions. In this publication melem is prepared by heating melamine at a temperature of 400 500 0 C for several hours. Melon is prepared by heating melamine at 500 550 0 C until no more ammonia is released. JP 59-45352 mentions that the decomposition temperature of melem lies above 500'C and that of melon above 600 0 C. This means that melem and melon have a particularly good thermal stability. According to JP 59-45352, the nitrogen contents of both compounds lie above 60%, as a result of which the substances are non-combustible. JP 59-45352 also mentions that other known flame retardants can also be used in combination with melem or melon, for example melamine, cyanuric acid, melamine cyanurate or melam. JP 59-45352 does not mention the composition of the product obtained.
Melamine and its condensation products all have a characteristic thermal degradation curve. This means that melamine and its condensation products decompose to form nitrogen-containing products at a certain temperature. These nitrogen-containing products that are released in the thermal degradation play an important part in the flame-retardant behaviour. To obtain good flame-retardant behaviour in polymers it IUI'% nAICAAn PCT/NL00/00123 v uuIJvUv-- 2Umay be favourable to combine flame-retarding components, such as melam, melem and the higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem, having different degradation characteristics, in a single composition. The advantage of this is that, irrespective of the temperature prevailing in a fire, there will almost always be a component present that degrades at the prevailing temperature and produces sufficient nitrogen-containing components having a flame-retarding effect. However, if the flame-retarding composition contains volatile components, such as urea and/or water, this will have a negative effect on the processing properties when the composition is used in polymers with a high melting temperature, for example in polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) or in polyamides.
Such a negative effect could be foaming during extrusion or the formation of deposits on the mould in injection-moulding. If the flame-retarding composition contains too high a concentrationm of higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem, the composition will be yellow, which is undesirable in the case of processing in (uncoloured) polymer compositions. The use of pure melamine condensation products such as pure melam or melem or melon as a flame retardant in polymers is unfavourable because it will usually be difficult, and hence expensive, to prepare pure compounds and because pure components have only one mode of degradation and will hence work optimally only in a limited temperature range.
The applicant has discovered that excellent processing properties and excellent flame-retarding properties and colour properties can be obtained in polymer compositions by using a flame-retarding composition containing: 90 wt. melem, 0.01 30 wt. melam, 0.01 15 wt. melamine, 0.1 65 wt. higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem, the volatiles content being lower than 3 wt. and the sum of the individual components amounting to 100 wt. The concentration of volatile components is here defined as the decrease in weight that occurs in heating the flame-retarding composition from room temperature to 300 0
C
in a TGA measurement (TGA thermogravimetric analysis) at a heating rate of 200°C 0o per minute.
The applicant has also found a process for preparing a flame-retarding composition comprising 10 90 wt. melem, 0.01 30 wt. melam, 0.01 15 wt. melamine, 0.1 65 wt. higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem, the volatiles content being lower than 3 wt. and the sum of the individual components amounting to 100 wt.
is prepared by heating a melamine containing starting product for more than 0.1 sec., at a temperature of 350 800'C, and at a pressure between 1 KPa and 50 MPa. The duration of heating is preferably 1 sec. to 400 minutes, in particular 2 sec. to 300 minutes.
The temperature is preferably between 375 and 600 0 C. The pressure is preferably between atmospheric pressure and 30 MPa, more in particular between atmospheric pressure and 15 MPa.
Examples of heating zones are heating zones of the kind that are to be found in extruders, such as single- and twin-screw extruders; autoclaves; turbo mixers; plough blade mixers; tumble mixers; turbulence mixers; ribbon-blade mixers; mixtruders; continuous and discontinuous kneading machines; rotating drum ovens, [I:\DAYL[\LIBXX04480.doc:aak Wn nn/564n PCT/NLO/00123 -4etc.
A mixture of melamine, melem, melam and higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem can optionally be obtained by treating the product of the heating further, to obtain a flame-retarding composition comprising 10 90 wt.% melem, 0.01 wt.% melam, 0.01 10 wt.% melamine, 0.1 65 wt.% higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem, the concentration of volatile components being lower than 1 wt.% and the sum of the individual components amounting to 100 This further treatment is preferably washing with water to dissolve and remove from the flame-retarding composition a portion of the melamine and/or other water-soluble components.
As the starting material for the present process, use can be made of virtually pure melamine, as for example obtained from a continuously operating gasphase melamine plant where the melamine is purified by means of crystallisation. A method for the preparation of melamine via a gas-phase process is for example known from US-A-3210352. This high degree of purity is however not necessary. Melamine contaminated with melam and/or melem and/or higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem can optionally be used as the starting material, for example the product that is formed during start-up of a melamine plant or melamine of the kind that is prepared in a gas-phase melamine plant before purification by means of crystallisation has taken place or melamine contaminated with melam and/or melem and/or higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem formed in some other way. It is also possible to use melamine obtained in a liquidphase process as the starting material. A known process for the preparation of melamine via a liquid-phase process is described in US-A-4565867, of which it is wn nn/14RAn PCT/NL00/00123 5 known that the degree of purity is less than that of the product of a gas-phase process; in particular, its melam content is higher. Contaminants like residual catalyst, ureidomelamine and/or guanidine carbonate may also be present without any objection. Oxygencontaining triazine compounds such as ammeline, ammelide and/or cyanuric acid may also be present up to wt.% without any objection. Remains of the starting materials used for the preparation of melamine, such as urea and/or dicyanodiamide, may also be present; dicyanodiamide may be present up to 10 wt.% without any objection, while the melamine may contain up to 30 wt.% urea. The starting material for the present process may also contain contaminants containing mixtures of urea, oxygen-containing triazine compounds, dicyanodiamide, guanidine carbonate, ureidomelamine and residual catalyst.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the flame-retarding composition is prepared by heating the melamine-containing starting product in an autoclave or in an extruder. Preferably at a pressure between atmospheric pressure and 20 Mpa, at a temperature of 350-625 0 C and with a residence time of between 0.1 sec. and 360 minutes. More in particular the heating of the melamine-containing starting product is carried out in an extruder with a residence time in the extruder of between 0.1 sec. and 60 minutes.
The invention also relates to flameretarding polymer compositions comprising the following components: a. 65 95 wt.% polymer-containing composition b. 5 35 wt.% flame-retarding composition according to the invention PCT/N.nn0/o 0123 Wif/" nI/68n0 6 The flame-retarding composition according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in polymer compositions requiring heat-resistant flame retardants, for example in polyamides, polyimides, polyesters, styrene-containing polymers, epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins and polyurethanes.
Examples of polyamides are polyamides and copolyamides derived from diamines and dicarboxylic acids and/or from aminocarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactams, such as polyamide 4, polyamide 6, polyamides 6/6, 6/10, 6/9, 6/12, 4/6, 66/6, 6/66, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, partially aromatic (co)polyamides, for example polyamides based on an aromatic diamine and adipic acid; polyamides prepared from an alkylene diamine and iso- and/or terephthalic acid and copolyamides thereof, copolyether amides, copolyester amides, etc.
Examples of polyesters are polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dialcohols and/or from hydroxycarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactones such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, poly-1,4dimethylolcyclohexane terephthalate, polyhydroxybenzoates, polycaprolactone and copolyesters thereof, copolyether esters, etc.
Examples of styrene-containing polymers are polystyrene, acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer, acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene copolymers and mixtures hereof.
Preferably the flame-retarding composition is used in polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate and/or polybutylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate being particularly preferable, or in polyamides such as nylon-6, nylon 6,6 or nylon 4,6.
XUA'l AnICAQAn PCT/NL00/00123 'JJv n JPToI 7 "Polymer-containing compositions" are understood to be compositions which, in addition to polymer, may also contain reinforcing agents and/or fillers, compounds that have a synergetic effect with the flame-retarding composition, other flame-retarding components than those according to the invention, plus the usual additives.
If reinforcing agents and/or fillers are used in the polymer composition of the invention, their concentration may vary within a wide range, partly determined by the level of mechanical properties one wishes to achieve. In general, the concentration of reinforcing agents will be no more than 50 wt.% in the reinforced flame-retarding polymer composition.
Preferably the reinforced flame-retarding polymer composition will contain 5-50 wt.% reinforcing agents, more preferably 15-45 The reinforcing agents can be chosen from the group comprising inorganic reinforcing agents, such as mica, clay, talc or glass fibres, or aramide fibres and/or carbon fibres. Glass fibres are however preferable.
The flame-retarding effect of the flameretarding composition according to the invention can be reinforced by the presence of a compound that has a synergetic effect with the flame-retarding composition, such as a carbon-forming compound, whether or not combined with a catalyst promoting the formation of carbon. In general the concentration of the flameretarding composition can then be chosen to be lower.
In principle, all the known substances that reinforce the effect of flame-retarding compositions can be used as carbon-forming compounds. Examples are phenolic resins, epoxy resins, melamine resins, alkyd resins, allyl resins, unsaturated polyester resins, silicone resins, urethane resins, acrylate resins, ll;r-k €\f\IC£~QAf\ PrT/Ni LnN/nn12 WOC-0/56840 0 VV uo VU/;)U-tU -8 polyphenylene ether, polycarbonate, starch, glucose and compounds containing at least two hydroxyl groups.
Examples of compounds containing at least two hydroxyl groups are alcohols containing at least two hydroxyl groups, for example pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol and mixtures hereof. The concentration of the carbon-forming compound having a synergetic effect with the flame retardant in the overall polymer composition will generally lie between 0 and 30 preferably between 1 and 20 wt.%.
As the catalyst promoting the formation of carbon use can for example be made of metal salts of tungstic acid; a complex acid oxide of tungsten with a metalloid; salts of tin oxide; ammonium sulphamate and/or the dimer hereof. Metal salts of tungstic acid are preferably alkali metal salts of tungstic acid, in particular sodium tungstate. A "complex acid oxide of tungsten with a metalloid" is understood to be complex acid oxides which are formed from a metalloid such as silicon or phosphorus and tungsten, such as silicotungstic acid or phosphorotungstic acid. The amount of catalyst promoting the formation of carbon that is used in the overall polymer composition is 0.1 5 wt%, preferably 0.1 2.5 wt%.
The flame-retarding effect of the flameretarding composition according to the invention can be further reinforced by using one or more other flameretarding components. In principle, all the known flame retardants can be used as the other flame-retarding components. Examples are antimony oxide, for example antimony trioxide, combined with halogen compounds; alkali earth metal oxides, for example zinc oxide, magnesium oxide; other metal oxides, for example alumina, silica, iron oxide and manganese oxide; metal hydroxides, for example magnesium hydroxide and
J
WO nn/5AAn PCT/NL0O/00123 VT v J 9 aluminium hydroxide; metal borates, for example zinc borate, whether or not hydrated; and phosphoruscontaining compounds. Examples of phosphorus-containing compounds are zinc phosphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium pyrophosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, ethylene-diamine phosphate, piperazine phosphate, piperazine pyrophosphate, melamine phosphate, dimelamine phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, melamine polyphosphate, melam phosphate, melam pyrophosphate, melam polyphosphate, melem phosphate, melem pyrophosphate, melem polyphosphate, guanidine phosphate, dicyanodiamide phosphate, urea phosphate and phosphates, pyrophosphates and polyphosphates of higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem and mixtures of these phosphates. The acids, salts, mixed acid salts, esters, partial esters and mixed esters of phosphates can also be used. Use may also be made of phosphine oxides, phosphine sulphides and phosphorinanes and of phosphonates, phosphites and phosphinates and of their acids, salts, mixed acid salts, esters, partial esters and mixed esters. The concentration of other flame-retarding components that can be used may vary within a wide range but will generally not be higher than the concentration of flame-retarding composition according to the invention.
Preferably the amount will be between 0 and 35 wt.%, more in particular 1 and 20 Preferably use is made of phosphates, phosphinates and phosphonates.
Examples of such compounds are for example described in Kirk Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Volume 10, pp. 396-419 (1980). Well-known examples are: the esters of trimethylol propane and methyl phosphonic acid, ethyl-methyl phosphinic acid and the aluminium salt of ethyl-methyl phosphinic acid. Many of the compounds mentioned here may also promote the formation WO Ofl/684 PCT/NL00/00123 10 of carbon. Other known compounds present in flameretarding compositions such as polytetrafluoroethylene may also be present.
The-polymer composition may also contain the other usual- additives, such as heat and UV stabilisers, mould-release agents, plasticisers, softeners, lubricants, dispersing agents, colourants and/or pigments, in amounts generally used for these additives insofar as the properties are not adversely affected.
The polymer composition according to the invention can be prepared using the conventional techniques known per se, by for example mixing all or some of the components in dry condition in a tumble mixer, followed by melting in a melt mixer, for example a Brabender mixer or a single- or twin-screw extruder or a kneading machine. Preferably a twin-screw extruder is used.
The various components of the polymer composition of the invention may be dosed to the extruder's throat together. They may also be dosed to the extruder in different places. Some of the components, for example colourants, stabilisers, the flame-retarding composition, compounds having a synergetic effect with the flame-retarding composition and/or other flame-retarding components may for example be added to the polymer in the form of a masterbatch.
The polymer composition according to the invention can be processed into semi-finished products or end products using techniques known to a person skilled in the art, for example injection-moulding.
The invention will be further elucidated with reference to the following examples: Comparative example A wn nn/r8dn PCT/NL00/00123 11 Melamine (product of a gas-phase process from DSM) was dosed to a corotating twin-screw extruder (Werder Pfleiderer, type ZSK 30/33) at a rate of 3 kg per hour. The cylinder temperature had been set to 330 0
C
and the screw speed to 40 rpm. The residence time of the components dosed to the extruder was 115 seconds.
The solid mixture leaving the extruder was white and had the following composition: 88 wt.% melamine, 6 wt.% melam, 2 wt.% melem and 4 wt.% higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem. The volatiles content is 1.6 The composition of the flameretarding composition was determined with the aid of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The values obtained have a relative error of 5% or less.
Example 1 Melamine (product of a gas-phase process from DSM) was dosed to a corotating twin-screw extruder (Werder Pfleiderer, type ZSK 30/33) at a rate of 1 kg per hour. The cylinder temperature had been set to 400 0
C
and the screw speed to 40 rpm. The residence time of the components dosed to the extruder was approximately seconds. The solid mixture leaving the extruder was white to pale beige and had the following composition: 8 wt.% melamine, 0.5 wt.% melam, 73 wt.% melem and 18.5 wt.% higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem. The volatiles content is 0.4 The composition of the flame-retarding composition was determined with the aid of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Example 2 Melamine (product of a gas-phase process PCTN .nn/nn0123 d Itl/~ l0Q A N VVj V oUIu v 12 from DSM) was dosed to a corotating twin-screw extruder (Werder Pfleiderer, type ZSK 30/33) at a rate of 2 kg per hour. The cylinder temperature had been set to 450 0
C
and the screw speed to 40 rpm. The residence time of the components dosed to the extruder was approximately 100 seconds. The solid mixture leaving the extruder was white to pale beige and had the following composition: 1.3 wt.% melamine, 0.1 wt.% melam, 64 wt.% melem and 23.7 wt.% higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem. The volatiles content is 0.1 The composition of the flame-retarding composition was determined with the aid of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Example 3 Melamine (product of a gas-phase process from DSM) was dosed to a corotating twin-screw extruder (Werder Pfleiderer, type ZSK 30/33) at a rate of 3 kg per hour. The cylinder temperature had been set to 450 0
C
and the screw speed to 40 rpm. The residence time of the components dosed to the extruder was 80 seconds.
The solid mixture leaving the extruder was white to pale beige and had the following composition: 1 wt.% melamine, 0.1 wt.% melam, 86 wt.% melem and 12.9 wt.% higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem.
The volatiles content is 0.2 The composition of the flame-retarding composition was determined with the aid of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Example 4 1008 grams (8mol) of melamine was introduced into an autoclave with a volume of about 2000 ml. The stirrer was started at a speed of approx.
rpm. The reactor was then brought to the required 13 temperature. The reaction temperature was 500 0 C. The ammonia pressure in the autoclave, which was built up during the reaction, was kept at approx. 2 Mpa with the aid of a control valve. The reaction time was minutes. The autoclave was then cooled. The pressure in the autoclave was maintained during the cooling. The ammonia pressure was relieved as soon as the temperature dropped below 200 0 C. The solid mixture leaving the autoclave was white to pale beige and had the following composition: 0.4 wt.% melamine, 0.5 wt.% melam, 90 wt.% melem and 8 wt.% higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem. The volatiles content was 0.1 The composition of the flameretarding composition was determined with the aid of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Example A corotating twin-screw extruder (Werder Pfleiderer, type ZSK 30/33) was fed with: 45 parts polybutylene terephthalate, 30 parts glass fibre, parts ground product of Example 2 and 10 parts 'Antiblaze® 1045 (cyclic phosphonate ester from Albright&Wilson). The cylinder temperature had been set to 250 0 C and the screw speed to 200 rpm. Specimens with a thickness of 1.6 mm were produced from the compound obtained and tested. The burning behaviour according to UL 94 was V-0. The modulus of elasticity was 10.1 GPa and the elongation at break was 2.0 %(ISO 527/1) 30 Example 6 A corotating twin-screw extruder (Werder Pfleiderer, type ZSK 30/33) was fed with: 45 parts polybutylene terephthalate, 30 parts glass fibre, parts ground product of Example 3 and 10 parts wn nn/A16n PCT/N/ .nnn1 3 14 Antiblaze® 1045 (cyclic phosphonate ester from Albright&Wilson). The cylinder temperature had been set to 250 0 C and the screw speed to 200 rpm. Specimens with a thickness of 1.6 mm were produced from the compound obtained and tested. The burning behaviour according to UL 94 was V-0. The modulus of elasticity was 10.0 GPa and the elongation at break was 2.0 %(ISO 527/1).
Example 7 A corotating twin-screw extruder (Werder Pfleiderer, type ZSK 30/33) was fed with: 45 parts polybutylene terephthalate, 30 parts glass fibre, parts ground product of Example 4 and 10 parts Antiblaze® 1045 (cyclic phosphonate ester from Albright&Wilson). The cylinder temperature had been set to 250 0 C and the screw speed to 200 rpm. Specimens with a thickness of 1.6 mm were produced from the compound obtained and tested. The burning behaviour according to UL 94 was V-0. The modulus of elasticity was 10.2 GPa and the elongation at break was 2.1 %(ISO 527/1).
Example 8 A corotating twin-screw extruder (Werder Pfleiderer, type ZSK 30/33) was fed with: 45 parts polyamide 6, 20 parts glass fibre, 30 parts ground product of Example 4 and 5 parts Antiblaze® 1045 (cyclic phosphonate ester from Albright&Wilson). The cylinder temperature had been set to 250 0 C and the screw speed to 200 rpm. Specimens with a thickness of 1.6 mm were produced from the compound obtained and tested.
The burning behaviour according to UL 94 was V-0. The modulus of elasticity was 11.2 GPa and the elongation at break was 2.0 %(ISO 527/1).
v W nn A/flC I PCT/NL00/001 23 15- Example 9 A corotating twin-screw extruder (Werder Pfleiderer, type ZSK 25/38) was fed with: 80 parts polyamide 4,6 and 20 parts ground product of Example 3.
The cylinder temperature had been set to 300-315 0 C and the screw speed to 270 rpm. Specimens with a thickness of 1.6 mm were produced from the compound obtained and tested. The burning behaviour according to UL 94 was V- 0. The modulus of elasticity was 3.6 GPa and the elongation at break was approximately 25% (ISO 527/1).
Example A corotating twin-screww extruder (Werder Pfleiderer, type ZSK 25/38) was fed with: 90 parts polyamide 4,6 and 10 parts ground product of Example 3.
The cylinder temperature had been set to 300-315 0 C and the screw speed to 270 rpm. Specimens with a thickness of 1.6 mm were produced from the compound obtained and tested. The burning behaviour according to UL 94 was V- 0. The modulus of elasticity was 2.3 GPa and the elongation at break was 30% (ISO 527/1).
Example 11 A corotating twin-screw extruder (Werder Pfleiderer, type ZSK 30/33) was fed with: 80 parts polyamide 6,6 and 20 parts ground product of Example 3.
The cylinder temperature had been set to 270-280 0 C and the screw speed to 200 rpm. Specimens with a thickness of 1.6 mm were produced from the compound obtained and tested. The burning behaviour according to UL 94 was V-0.
Example 12 A corotating twin-screw extruder (Werder w WO nn/~RAn PCT/NL00/00123 16 Pfleiderer, type ZSK 30/33) was fed with: 80 parts acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (Ronfalin® from DSM containing 20 parts rubber) and 20 parts ground product of Example 3. The cylinder temperature had been set to 180-210 0 C and the screw speed to 200 rpm. Specimens with a thickness of 1.6 mm were produced from the compound obtained and tested. The burning behaviour according to UL 94 was V-0.
Example 13 A mixture of 98.0 melamine, 0.81% urea, 0.03% C02, 0.05% ammeline-related impurities (such as ammeline, ammelide, cyanuric acid and uridomelamine) and 0.07% organic solids (melem, melam and other oxygen-free compounds), as obtained in the process according to US4565867, was dosed to a corotating twinscrew extruder (Werder Pfleiderer, type ZSK 30/33) at a rate of 8 kg per hour. The cylinder speed had been set to 450 0 C and the screw speed to 40 rpm. The residence time of the components dosed to the extruder was 110 seconds. The solid mixture leaving the extruder was white to pale beige and had the following composition: 7 wt.% melamine, 2 wt% melam, 76 wt.% melem, 14 wt.% higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem, and an unidentified residual fraction of approx. 1 wt.% The volatiles content is 0.2 The composition of the flame-retarding composition was determined with the aid of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Example 14 A corotating twin-screw extruder (Werder Pfleiderer, type ZSK 30/33) was fed with: 45 parts polybutylene terephthalate, 30 parts glass fibre, WCr nn/CIfRIn prT/N Innn/0n123 17 parts ground product of Example 13 and 10 parts Antiblaze® 1045 (cyclic phosphonate ester from Albright&Wilson). The cylinder temperature had been set to 250 0 C and the screw speed to 200 rpm. Specimens with a thickness of 1.6 mm were produced from the compound obtained and tested. The burning behaviour according to UL 94 was V-0. The modulus of elasticity was 10.0 GPa and the elongation at break was 2.4 (Iso 527/1).
Example Melamine with a purity of 99.92 as obtained in the process according to US3210352 was dosed to a corotating twin-screw extruder (Werder Pfleiderer, type ZSK 30/33) at a rate of 8 kg per hour.
The cylinder speed had been set to 450 0 C and the screw speed to 40 rpm. The residence time of the components dosed to the extruder was 110 seconds. The solid mixture leaving the extruder was white to pale beige and had the following composition: 6 wt.% melamine, 1 wt% melam, 77 wt.% melem, 16 wt.% higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem. The volatiles content is 0.3 The composition of the flameretarding composition was determined with the aid of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Example 16 A corotating twin-screw extruder (Werder Pfleiderer, type ZSK 30/33) was fed with: 45 parts polybutylene terephthalate, 30 parts glass fibre, parts ground product of Example 15 and 10 parts Antiblaze® 1045 (cyclic phosphonate ester from Albright&Wilson). The cylinder temperature had been set to 250 0 C and the screw speed to 200 rpm. Specimens with a thickness of 1.6 mm were produced from the compound v l/If\ <tnC£OAf\ PC'T/I .nn/fli 71 TT<- UU/ZJUOI*U 18 18 obtained and tested. The burning behaviour according to UL 94 was V-0. The modulus of elasticity was 10.5 Mpa and the elongation at break was 2.2 (Iso 527/1).
Example 17 A mixture of 98.7 melamine, 1.0 urea, 0.06% CO 2 0.1% ammeline-related compounds (such as ammeline, ammelide and cyanuric acid) and 0.12% organic solids (melem, melam and other compounds) and 0.02% (200ppm) residual inorganic catalyst, as obtained after the quenching and before the crystallisation step according to the process described in US3210352, was dosed to a corotating twin-screw extruder (Werder Pfleiderer, type ZSK 30/33) at a rate of 8 kg per hour.
The cylinder speed had been set to 450 0 C and the screw speed to 40 rpm. The residence time of the components dosed to the extruder was 110 seconds. The solid mixture leaving the extruder was white to pale beige and had the following composition: 6 wt.% melamine, 1 wt% melam, 74 wt.% melem, 20 wt.% higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem. The volatiles content is 0.3 The composition of the flameretarding composition was determined with the aid of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Example 18 A corotating twin-screw extruder (Werder Pfleiderer, type ZSK 30/33) was fed with: 45 parts polybutylene terephthalate, 30 parts glass fibre, parts ground product of Example 17 and 10 parts Antiblaze® 1045 (cyclic phosphonate ester from Albright&Wilson). The cylinder temperature had been set to 250 OC and the screw speed to 200 rpm. Specimens with a thickness of 1.6 mm were produced from the compound WO nn/ 64Rdn PCT/NL00/00123 19 obtained and tested. The burning behaviour according to UL 94 was V-0. The modulus of elasticity was 10.2 GPa and the elongation at break was 2.0 (Iso 527/1).
Example 19 Melamine (product of a gas-phase process from DSM) was dosed to a corotating twin-screw extruder (Werder Pfleiderer, type ZSK 30/33) at a rate of 1 kg per hour. The cylinder temperature had been set to 400 0
C
and the screw speed to 40 rpm. The residence time of the components dosed to the extruder was 95 seconds.
The solid mixture leaving the extruder was ground. The ground product was washed in portions of about 200 grams in 3 litres of water of approximately 90 0 C. After 15 minutes the hot slurry was removed through filtration. The residue was treated three more times according to the same procedure. The washed product was ultimately dried at 120 0 C in a vacuum drying oven until it contained less than 1 wt.% water. The product thus obtained was white and had the following composition: 1 wt.% melamine, 2 wt.% melam, 77 wt.% melem and 20 wt.% higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem.
The volatiles content is less than 0.3 The composition of the flame-retarding composition was determined with the aid of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Claims (12)
1. Flame-retarding composition comprising 90 wt.% melem, 0.01 30 wt.% melam, 0.01 15 wt.% melamine, 0.1 65 wt.% higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem, the volatiles content being lower than 3 wt.% and the sum of the individual components amounting to 100 wt.%.
2. Process for the preparation of a flame-retarding composition, characterised in that a flame- retarding composition comprising 10 90 wt.% melem, 0.01-30 wt.% melam, 0.01 15 wt.% melamine, 0.1 65 wt.% higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem, the volatiles content being lower than 3 wt.% and the sum of the individual components amounting to 100 is prepared by heating melamine-containing starting product for more than 0.1 sec. at a temperature of 350 800 0 C and at a pressure of between 1 KPa and MPa.
3. Process according to Claim 2, characterised in that the melamine-containing starting product is heated in an autoclave or extruder.
4. Process according to Claim 3, characterised in that the melamine-containing starting product is heated in an extruder with a residence time in the extruder of between 0.1 sec and 60 minutes.
5. Process according to any one of Claims 2-4, characterised in that the flame-retarding composition is subsequently washed with water, causing a portion of the melamine and any other water-soluble components to dissolve and be removed from the flame-retarding composition. 21
6. Process according to any one of claims 2-5, characterised in that melamine contaminated with melam and/or melem and/or higher condensation products of melamine and/or melem is used as a starting product.
7. Process according to any one of claims 2-5, characterised in that, as the s starting product, use is made of the product that is formed during the start-up of a melamine plant or melamine as prepared in a gas-phase plant before any crystallisation has taken place.
8. Process according to any one of claims 2-5, characterised in that melamine obtained via a liquid-phase process is used as the starting product. 0t 9. Flame-retarding polymer composition comprising the following components: a) 65 95 wt. polymer-containing composition; b) 5 35 wt. flame-retarding composition according to claim 1. Flame-retarding polymer composition according to claim 9, characterised in that the composition also comprises reinforcing fibres.
11. Object produced from the flame-retarding polymer composition according to claim 9 or claim
12. Flame-retarding composition, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the examples but excluding the comparative examples.
13. Process for the preparation of a flame-retarding composition, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the examples but excluding the •comparative examples.
14. A flame-retarding composition made by the process according to any one of claims 2-8 or 13. Dated 25 September, 2003 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Holding Inc. Patent Attorneys for the Applicant/Nominated Person .SPRUSON FERGUSON [I:\DAYLB\L1BXXJ04480.doc:aak
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL1011631 | 1999-03-22 | ||
| NL1011631A NL1011631C2 (en) | 1999-03-22 | 1999-03-22 | Flame-retardant composition and method for its preparation. |
| PCT/NL2000/000123 WO2000056840A1 (en) | 1999-03-22 | 2000-02-28 | Flame-retarding composition and process for the preparation thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2947800A AU2947800A (en) | 2000-10-09 |
| AU768261B2 true AU768261B2 (en) | 2003-12-04 |
Family
ID=19768889
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU29478/00A Ceased AU768261B2 (en) | 1999-03-22 | 2000-02-28 | Flame-retarding composition and process for the preparation thereof |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4303426B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR100632555B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1192079C (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE229062T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU768261B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0009207A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2365173A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60000923T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2186632T3 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL1011631C2 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2225876C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1597071B1 (en) * | 2003-02-24 | 2008-06-11 | E.I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Flame retardant surface coverings |
| DE102004042095A1 (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2006-03-02 | Röhm GmbH & Co. KG | Flame retardant plate materials with metallic effect |
| DE102004042833B4 (en) * | 2004-09-04 | 2022-01-05 | Chemische Fabrik Budenheim Kg | Polyphosphate derivative of a 1,3,5-triazone compound, process for its preparation and its use |
| US7758964B2 (en) * | 2006-02-10 | 2010-07-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Flame resistant covercoat for flexible circuit |
| RU2313550C1 (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2007-12-27 | Виктор Васильевич Кравцов | Flame-proof blistering paint |
| DE102006049519A1 (en) * | 2006-10-20 | 2008-04-24 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Flame retardant for curable molding materials comprises ethylenediamine phosphate, a halogen-free phosphorus compound and a halogen-free nitrogen compound |
| KR20090067663A (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-25 | 루브리졸 어드밴스드 머티어리얼스, 인코포레이티드 | Non-halogen flame-retardant thermoplastic polyurethane composite resin composition |
| RU2500849C2 (en) * | 2008-08-15 | 2013-12-10 | Отис Элевэйтор Компани | Lifting system and method of its operation |
| DE102010035103A1 (en) * | 2010-08-23 | 2012-02-23 | Catena Additives Gmbh & Co. Kg | Flame retardant compositions containing triazine-intercalated metal phosphates |
| WO2015075049A1 (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2015-05-28 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Flame-retardant polyamide composition |
| RU2556212C1 (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2015-07-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "ТермоФасад" | Composition for obtaining of fireproof polyurethane foam |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1694254A1 (en) * | 1968-03-16 | 1971-06-16 | Bayer Ag | Self-extinguishing polyamide molding compounds |
| DE3023965A1 (en) * | 1979-07-17 | 1981-02-12 | Leuna Werke Veb | METHOD FOR PRODUCING MODIFIED POLYAMIDE MOLDING MATERIALS |
| JPS5945352A (en) * | 1982-09-09 | 1984-03-14 | Nissan Chem Ind Ltd | Novel flame-retardant resin composition |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD242941A (en) * | ||||
| JPS60144348A (en) * | 1984-09-11 | 1985-07-30 | Nissan Chem Ind Ltd | Flame-retardant resin composition |
-
1999
- 1999-03-22 NL NL1011631A patent/NL1011631C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-02-28 CA CA002365173A patent/CA2365173A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-28 AT AT00908106T patent/ATE229062T1/en active
- 2000-02-28 BR BR0009207-0A patent/BR0009207A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-02-28 CN CNB00807657XA patent/CN1192079C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-02-28 RU RU2001128303/04A patent/RU2225876C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-02-28 JP JP2000606699A patent/JP4303426B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-02-28 DE DE60000923T patent/DE60000923T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-28 ES ES00908106T patent/ES2186632T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-28 AU AU29478/00A patent/AU768261B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-02-28 KR KR1020017011988A patent/KR100632555B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1694254A1 (en) * | 1968-03-16 | 1971-06-16 | Bayer Ag | Self-extinguishing polyamide molding compounds |
| DE3023965A1 (en) * | 1979-07-17 | 1981-02-12 | Leuna Werke Veb | METHOD FOR PRODUCING MODIFIED POLYAMIDE MOLDING MATERIALS |
| JPS5945352A (en) * | 1982-09-09 | 1984-03-14 | Nissan Chem Ind Ltd | Novel flame-retardant resin composition |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2225876C2 (en) | 2004-03-20 |
| CN1192079C (en) | 2005-03-09 |
| AU2947800A (en) | 2000-10-09 |
| DE60000923T2 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
| NL1011631C2 (en) | 2000-09-27 |
| KR100632555B1 (en) | 2006-10-09 |
| KR20020015684A (en) | 2002-02-28 |
| JP4303426B2 (en) | 2009-07-29 |
| JP2002540249A (en) | 2002-11-26 |
| BR0009207A (en) | 2001-12-26 |
| CA2365173A1 (en) | 2000-09-28 |
| ES2186632T3 (en) | 2003-05-16 |
| DE60000923D1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
| ATE229062T1 (en) | 2002-12-15 |
| CN1351642A (en) | 2002-05-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP1228134B1 (en) | Flame-retardant mixture | |
| US6646030B2 (en) | Flame-retarding composition and process for the preparation thereof | |
| US6369137B2 (en) | Polyphosphate salt of a 1, 3, 5-triazine compound with a high degree of condensation, a process for its preparation and use as flame retardant in polymer compositions | |
| AU768261B2 (en) | Flame-retarding composition and process for the preparation thereof | |
| IL150693A (en) | Salt of a melamine condensation product and a phosphorus-containing acid | |
| AU2001234222A1 (en) | Salt of a melamine condensation product and a phosphorus-containing acid | |
| JP4264890B2 (en) | Halogen-free flame retardant compounds | |
| MXPA01009409A (en) | Flame-retarding composition and process for the preparation thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PC1 | Assignment before grant (sect. 113) |
Owner name: CIBA SPECIALITY CHEMICALS HOLDING INC. Free format text: THE FORMER OWNER WAS: DSM N.V. |
|
| TH | Corrigenda |
Free format text: IN VOL 16, NO 31, PAGE(S) 7404 UNDER THE HEADING ASSIGNMENTS BEFORE GRANT, SECTION 113 THE NAME OF THE ASSIGNEE IN REGARD TO PATENT APPLICATION NO. 29478/00 SHOULD READ CIBA SPECIALTY CHEMICALS HOLDING INC. |
|
| FGA | Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent) |