BR122024007306A2 - PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION COMPRISING THE COMPOUND OF FORMULA IA, FORMULA IB, FORMULA IC OR FORMULA ID AND USE THEREOF FOR THE TREATMENT OF HIV INFECTION - Google Patents

Abstract

A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is disclosed.

Description

[001] Divided from BR 11 2022 020933 9, filed on 04/13/2021.

FIELD OF INVENTION

[002] The invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions and methods for using these compositions in the treatment of HIV infection.

Fundamentals of the Invention

[003] Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the result of HIV infection. HIV remains a major global public health problem. In 2015, an estimated 36.7 million people were living with HIV (including 1.8 million children) - a global HIV prevalence of 0.8%. The vast majority of this number live in low- and middle-income countries. In the same year, 1.1 million people died from AIDS-related illnesses.

[004] Current therapy for HIV-infected individuals consists of a combination of approved antiretroviral agents. Approximately four dozen drugs are currently approved for HIV infection, as single agents, fixed-dose combinations, or single-tablet regimens; the latter two containing 2 to 4 approved agents. These agents belong to several different classes, targeting either a viral enzyme or the function of a viral protein during the viral replication cycle. Accordingly, agents are classified as nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), or entry inhibitors (one, maraviroc, targets the host CCR5 protein, while the other, enfuvirtide, is a peptide that targets the gp41 region of the viral gp160 protein). Additionally, a pharmacokinetic enhancer (cobicistat or ritonavir) may be used in combinations with antiretroviral agents (ARVs) that require boosting.

[005] Despite the arsenal of agents and drug combinations, there remains a medical need for new antiretroviral agents. High viral heterogeneity, drug-associated toxicity, tolerability problems, and poor adherence can lead to treatment failure and may result in the selection of viruses with mutations that confer resistance to one or more antiretroviral agents or even multiple drugs within an entire class (Beyrer, C, Pozniak A. HIV drug resistance - an emerging threat to epidemic control. N. Engl. J. Med. 2017, 377, 1605 - 1607; Gupta, R. K, Gregson J, et al. HIV-1 drug resistance before initiation or re-initiation of first-line antiretroviral therapy in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2017, 18, 346-355; Zazzi, M, Hu, H, Prosperi, M. The global burden of HIV-1 drug resistance in the past 20 years. PeerJ. 2018, DOI 10.7717/peerj.4848). As a result, new drugs are needed that are easier to take, have high genetic barriers to the development of resistance, and have improved safety over current agents. In this panoply of choices, new mechanisms of action (MOAs) that can be used as part of the preferred antiretroviral therapy (ART) may still have an important role to play as they must be effective against viruses resistant to current agents.

[006] Certain potentially therapeutic compounds have now been described in the art and set forth in Blair, Wade S. et al. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (2009), 53(12), 5080-5087, Blair, Wade S. et al. PLoS Pathogens (2010), 6(12), e1001220, Thenin-Houssier, Suzie; Valente, Susana T. Current HIV Research, 2016, 14, 270-282, and PCT Patent Applications with the following numbers: WO 2012065062, WO 2013006738, WO 2013006792, WO 2014110296, WO 2014110297, WO 2014110 298, WO 2014134566, WO 2015130964, WO 2015130966, WO 2016033243, WO 2018035359, WO 2018203235, WO 2019161017, and WO 2019161280.

[007] What is now needed in the art are additional compounds that are novel and useful in the treatment of HIV. Additionally, such compounds should provide advantages for pharmaceutical uses, for example with respect to one or more of their mechanisms of action, binding, inhibition efficacy, target selectivity, solubility, safety profiles, bioavailability or reduced dosing frequency. Also not needed are novel formulations and methods of treatment utilizing such compounds. Formulations of certain compounds are disclosed in WO 2020/018459.

Summary of the Invention

[008] Briefly, in one aspect, the present invention discloses a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a solvent or diluent selected from the group consisting of water, an alcohol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), ethyl lactate, propylene glycol, glycofurol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).

[009] In another aspect, the present invention discloses a method of treating HIV infection in a human comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition of the invention.

[010] In another aspect, the present invention discloses a pharmaceutical composition of the invention for use in therapy.

[011] In another aspect, the present invention discloses a pharmaceutical composition of the invention for use in treating HIV infection in a human.

[012] In another aspect, the present invention discloses the use of a pharmaceutical composition of the invention in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of HIV infection in a human.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE

[013] Figure 1 is a summary of the PK experiment described below.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[014] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention further comprises an excipient selected from the group consisting of polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, poloxamer 188, poloxamer 207, poloxamer 338, sodium chloride, and sodium hydroxide.

[015] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is a solution.

[016] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is a suspension.

[017] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises water.

[018] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises polyethylene glycol (PEG).

[019] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises polyethylene glycol (PEG), wherein the average molecular weight of PEG is about 300 (PEG 300).

[020] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises ethanol.

[021] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises ethyl lactate.

[022] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises poloxamer 188.

[023] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises sodium hydroxide.

[024] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition wherein at least 90% by weight of the solvents or diluents are water and PEG 300.

[025] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition wherein at least 90% by weight of the excipient is poloxamer 188.

[026] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition wherein water is present in the composition at 8 to 20 wt % and PEG 300 is present in the composition at 60 to 85 wt %.

[027] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition wherein water is present in the composition at 8 to 12 wt % and PEG 300 is present in the composition at 63 to 70 wt %.

[028] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition wherein the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is present in the composition at a concentration of 50 to 500 mg/mL based on the weight of the free compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id. Throughout this specification, reference to the concentration of the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, always refers to a concentration based on the free compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id and not on the salt.

[029] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition wherein the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is present in the composition at a concentration of 225 to 275 mg/mL.

[030] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition wherein the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is present in the composition at a concentration of 275 to 350 mg/mL.

[031] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition wherein the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is present in the composition at a concentration of 350 to 425 mg/mL.

[032] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is made from a crystalline form of the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is a suspension of a crystalline form of the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[033] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is produced from an amorphous form of the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another aspect, the amorphous form is a lyophilized powder. In another aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention is a suspension of an amorphous form.

[034] In another aspect, the formulation comprises water. In another aspect, the formulation comprises glycofurol. In another aspect, the formulation comprises N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). In another aspect, the formulation comprises dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). In another aspect, the formulation comprises an alcohol. In another aspect, the formulation comprises ethanol. In another aspect, the formulation comprises saline. In another aspect, the formulation comprises polyethylene glycol (PEG) for which the chemical formula can generally be written as H-(O-CH2-CH2)n-OH. In another aspect, the formulation comprises PEG having an average molecular weight of about 100 (PEG 100). In another aspect, the formulation comprises PEG having an average molecular weight of about 200 (PEG 200). In another aspect, the formulation comprises PEG having an average molecular weight of about 300 (PEG 300). In another aspect, the formulation comprises PEG having an average molecular weight of about 400 (PEG 400). In another aspect, the formulation comprises PEG having an average molecular weight of about 500 (PEG 500). In another aspect, the formulation comprises PEG having an average molecular weight of about 600 (PEG 600). In another aspect, the formulation comprises PEG that is capped by an alkyl group such that the formula for PEG can generally be written as alkyl-(O-CH2-CH2)n-O-alkyl. In another aspect, ingredients comprising >50 w/w % of the formulation are other than water. In another aspect, ingredients comprising >60 w/w % of the formulation are other than water. In another aspect, ingredients comprising >70 w/w % of the formulation are other than water. In another aspect, ingredients comprising >80 w/w % of the formulation are other than water. In another aspect, ingredients comprising >85 w/w % of the formulation are other than water. In another aspect, the ingredients comprising >90% w/w of the formulation are other than water. In another aspect, the formulation comprises water and PEG 200. In another aspect, the formulation comprises water and PEG 300.

[035] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a solubilizing excipient. In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is polysorbate. In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is polysorbate 20. In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is polysorbate 80. In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is poloxamer. In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is poloxamer 188 (P188). In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is poloxamer 207. In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is poloxamer 338 (P338). In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is docusate sodium. In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG3350). In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is a fatty acid. In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is a fatty acid comprising 8 to 12 carbons. In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is a fatty acid comprising 8 carbons (C8). In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is a fatty acid comprising 12 carbons (C12). In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is less than 5 w/w % of the formulation. In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is less than about 5 w/w % of the formulation. In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is less than about 4 w/w % of the formulation. In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is less than about 3 w/w % of the formulation. In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is less than about 2% w/w of the formulation. In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is less than about 1% w/w of the formulation. In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is less than about 0.5% w/w of the formulation. In another aspect, the solubilizing excipient is less than about 0.25% w/w of the formulation.

[036] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises poloxamer 188 and a C8 fatty acid. In another aspect, the ratio of poloxamer 188 to the C8 fatty acid is about 3:1. In another aspect, the concentration of poloxamer 188 is about 3% w/w of the formulation and the concentration of the C8 fatty acid is about 1% w/w of the formulation.

[037] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises poloxamer 188 and a C12 fatty acid. In another aspect, the ratio of poloxamer 188 to the C12 fatty acid is about 6:1. In another aspect, the concentration of poloxamer 188 is about 3% w/w of the formulation and the concentration of the C12 fatty acid is about 0.5% w/w of the formulation.

[038] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises poloxamer 338 and a C8 fatty acid. In another aspect, the ratio of poloxamer 338 to the C8 fatty acid is about 3:1. In another aspect, the concentration of poloxamer 388 is about 3% w/w of the formulation and the concentration of the C8 fatty acid is about 1% w/w of the formulation.

[039] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises poloxamer 338 and a C12 fatty acid. In another aspect, the ratio of poloxamer 388 to the C12 fatty acid is about 6:1. In another aspect, the concentration of poloxamer 388 is about 3% w/w of the formulation and the concentration of the C12 fatty acid is about 0.5% w/w of the formulation.

[040] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises docusate sodium and a C8 fatty acid. In another aspect, the ratio of docusate sodium and the C8 fatty acid is about 3:1. In another aspect, the concentration of docusate sodium is about 3% w/w of the formulation and the concentration of the C8 fatty acid is about 1% w/w of the formulation.

[041] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises docusate sodium and a C12 fatty acid. In another aspect, the ratio of docusate sodium and the C12 fatty acid is about 6:1. In another aspect, the concentration of docusate sodium is about 3% w/w of the formulation and the concentration of the C12 fatty acid is about 0.5% w/w of the formulation.

[042] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention contains a chelating agent. In another aspect, the chelating agent is Na-EDTA. In another aspect, Na-EDTA is present as 0.01 to 0.05% w/w of the formulation.

[043] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention contains an antioxidant. In another aspect, the antioxidant is L-methionine. In another aspect, the antioxidant is vitamin E. In another aspect, the antioxidant is present as 0.01 to 0.10% w/w of the formulation.

[044] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention contains an acid. In another aspect, the acid is ethanesulfonic acid. In another aspect, the concentration of ethanesulfonic acid is 1 to 10 mM. In another aspect, the concentration of ethanesulfonic acid is 4.8 to 5.2 mM. In another aspect, the acid is methanesulfonic acid. In another aspect, the concentration of methanesulfonic acid is 1 to 10 mM. In another aspect, the concentration of methanesulfonic acid is 4.8 to 5.2 mM.

[045] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention contains a base. In another aspect, the base is an inorganic base. In another aspect, the base is an organic base. In another aspect, the anion of the base is -OH (hydroxide). In another aspect, the anion of the base is -OEt (ethoxide). In another aspect, the anion of the base is -OAc (acetate). In another aspect, the cation of the base is +Na (sodium). In another aspect, the cation of the base is +K (potassium). In another aspect, the cation of the base is choline. In another aspect, the base is sodium acetate. In another aspect, the base is sodium hydroxide. In another aspect, the base is sodium ethoxide. In another aspect, the base is choline hydroxide. In another aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises 0.1 to 1.5 molar equivalents of base relative to the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id. In another aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises 0.7 to 1.2 molar equivalents of base relative to the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id. In another aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises 0.7 to 1.0 molar equivalents of base relative to the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id. In another aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises 1.0 to 1.2 molar equivalents of base relative to the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id. In another aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises about equal molar equivalents of base and the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id.

[046] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises a buffer. In another aspect, the buffer is an acetate buffer. In another aspect, the pH of the buffer is 4.0 to 7.4. In another aspect, the pH of the buffer is 4.0 to 5.5. In another aspect, the pH of the buffer is 4.8 to 5.2. In another aspect, the concentration of the buffer is 1 to 10 mM. In another aspect, the concentration of the buffer is 4.8 to 5.2 mM.

[047] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises 50 to 500 mg/mL of the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises about 50 mg/mL of the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises about 100 mg/mL of the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises about 150 mg/mL of the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises about 200 mg/mL of the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises about 250 mg/mL of the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises about 300 mg/mL of the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises about 350 mg/mL of the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises about 400 mg/mL of the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises about 450 mg/mL of the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In another aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises about 500 mg/mL of the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

[048] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, water, PEG 300, and 0 to 3 additional excipients.

[049] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, water, PEG 200, and 0 to 3 additional excipients.

[050] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, poloxamer P338, and acetate buffer. In another aspect, the concentration of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 280 to 320 mg/mL. In another aspect, the concentration of poloxamer P338 is 3 to 5 % w/w. In another aspect, the pH of the acetate buffer is 4.8 to 5.2. In another aspect, the concentration of the acetate buffer is 4.8 to 5.2 mM.

[051] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, poloxamer P338, ethanesulfonic acid, and acetate buffer. In another aspect, the concentration of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 280 to 320 mg/mL. In another aspect, the concentration of poloxamer P338 is 3 to 5 % w/w. In another aspect, the concentration of ethanesulfonic acid is 4.8 to 5.2 mM. In another aspect, the pH of the acetate buffer is 4.8 to 5.2. In another aspect, the concentration of the acetate buffer is 4.8 to 5.2 mM.

[052] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, poloxamer P338, a C8-C12 fatty acid, and acetate buffer. In another aspect, the concentration of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 280 to 320 mg/mL. In another aspect, the concentration of poloxamer P338 is 3 to 5 % w/w. In another aspect the concentration of the fatty acid is 0.5 to 1 % w/w. In another aspect, the pH of the acetate buffer is 4.8 to 5.2. In another aspect, the concentration of the acetate buffer is 4.8 to 5.2 mM.

[053] In one aspect, the pharmaceutical composition of the invention comprises the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, docusate sodium, and acetate buffer. In another aspect, the concentration of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is 280 to 320 mg/mL. In another aspect, the concentration of docusate sodium is 1 to 2 % w/w. In another aspect, the pH of the acetate buffer is 4.8 to 5.2. In another aspect, the concentration of the acetate buffer is 4.8 to 5.2 mM.

[054] In one aspect, the present invention discloses a pharmaceutical composition that is a solution, and that is rendered sterile by passing through a filter.

[055] The salts of the invention are pharmaceutically acceptable. Such salts may be acid addition salts or base addition salts. For a review of suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salts see, for example, Berge et al, J. Pharm, Sci, 66, 1 - 19, 1977.

[056] Representative pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include, but are not limited to, 4-acetamidobenzoate, acetate, adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate (besylate), benzoate, bisulfate, bitartrate, butyrate, calcium edetate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate (cansylate), caprate (decanoate), caproate (hexanoate), caprylate (octanoate), cinnamate, citrate, cyclamate, digluconate, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoate, disuccinate, dodecyl sulfate (estolate), edetate (ethylenediaminetetraacetate), estolate (lauryl sulfate), ethane-1,2-disulfonate (edisylate), ethanesulfonate (esylate), formate, fumarate, galactarate (mucate), gentilate (2,5-dihydroxybenzoate), glucoheptonate (gluceptate), gluconate, glucuronate, glutamate, glutarate, glycerophosphate, glycolate, hexylresorcinate, hippurate, hydrabamine (N,N'-di(dehydroabiethyl)-ethylenediamine), hydrobromide, hydrochloride, iodhydrate, hydroxynaphthoate, isobutyrate, lactate, lac tobionate, laurate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, methanesulfonate (mesylate), methylsulfate, mucate, naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate (napadisylate), naphthalene-2-sulfonate (napsilate), nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, palmitate, p-aminobenzenesulfonate, p-aminosalicylate, pamoate (embonate), , pectinate, persulfate, phenylacetate, phenylethylbarbiturate, phosphate, polygalacturonate, propionate, p-toluenesulfonate (tosylate), pyroglutamate, pyruvate, salicylate, sebacate, stearate, subacetate, succinate, sulfamate, sulfate, tannate, tartrate, theoclate (8-chlorotheophyllinate), thiocyanate, triethiodide, canoate, undecylenate, and valerate.

[057] Representative pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts include, but are not limited to, aluminum, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (TRIS, tromethamine), arginine, benethamine (N-benzylphenethylamine), benzathine (N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine), bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, bismuth, calcium, chloroprocaine, choline, clemizole (1-p-chlorobenzyl-2-pyrrolyldine-1'-ylmethylbenzimidazole), cyclohexylamine, dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamine, diethyltriamine, dimethylamine, dimethylethanolamine, dopamine, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, L-histidine, iron, isoquinoline, lepidine, lithium, lysine, magnesium, meglumine (N-methylglucamine), piperazine, piperidine, potassium, procaine, quinine, quinoline, sodium, strontium, t-butylamine, and zinc.

[058] A particularly preferred salt is a sodium salt. Another particularly preferred salt is a potassium salt.

[059] In another aspect, the present invention discloses methods of preventing HIV infection in a human or reducing the risk of infection, comprising administering a pharmaceutical composition of the invention. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (or PrEP) is when people at risk of HIV infection take medication daily to reduce their chances of getting HIV infection. PrEP has been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of infection.

[060] It is believed that the compounds and salts of the present invention have as their biological target the HIV capsid and, thus, their mechanism of action is to modify in one or more ways the function of the HIV capsid.

[061] The compounds and salts of the present invention may be employed alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents. Combination therapies according to the present invention thus comprise the administration of at least one compound or salt of the invention, and the administration of at least one other agent that may be useful in the treatment of HIV infection. A compound or salt of the present invention, and the other agent may be formulated and administered together in a single pharmaceutical composition or may be formulated and administered separately. When formulated and administered separately, the administration may occur simultaneously or sequentially in any order. Other suitable agents include, for example, abacavir, atazanavir, bictegravir, cabotegravir, darunavir, delavirdine, didanosine, dideoxyinosine, dolutegravir, doravirine, efavirenz, elvitegravir, emtricitabine, etavirine, fosamprenavir, fostensavir, indinavir, eslatravir, lamivudine, lopinavir, maraviroc, nelfinavir, nevirapine, raltegravir, rilpiverine, ritonavir, saquinavir, stavudine, tipranavir, tenofovir, tenofovir alafenamide, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, zalcitabine, and zidovudine. Preferred agents include, for example, dolutegravir, bictegravir, islatravir, lamivudine, fostemsavir, and cabotegravir. Particularly preferred agents include, for example, dolutegravir, bictegravir, lamivudine, fostemsavir, and cabotegravir. EXAMPLES Preparation of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-ol

[062] To a stirred solution of cyclopent-3-enol (130 g, 1545 mmol) in DCM (1200 mL) under N2 atmosphere at 0 to 5 °C was added dropwise a solution of diethyl zinc in hexane (1.0 M, 3091 mL, 3091 mmol) over a period of 3 h. To the solution at 0 °C was added dropwise a solution of diiodomethane (249 mL, 3091 mmol) in DCM (300 mL) over a period of 1 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 27 °C after which the formation of a white precipitation was observed. The mixture was stirred for 16 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 20% EtOAc/pet, Rf = 0.3, UV inactive, PMA active). The reaction mixture was quenched by careful addition of saturated aq. NH4Cl solution (1.5 L). The mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (2 x 1 L). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-ol as a red liquid, 180 g. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 4.41 - 4.35 (m, 1H), 2.18 - 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.73 (d, J = 13.9 Hz, 2H), 1.35 - 1.25 (m, 2H), 1.21 - 1.14 (m, 1H), 0.57 - 0 .43 (m, 2H). GCMS: m/z = 98.1). Preparation of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one

[063] To a stirred solution of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-ol (210 g, 2054 mmol) in DCM (5000 mL) under N2 atmosphere at 0 °C was added Dess-Martin periodinane (954 g, 225 mmol) portionwise. The mixture was allowed to warm to 27 °C and then stirred for 16 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 20% Acetone/Hex, Rf = 0.3, UV inactive, PMA active). The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and the filtrate was washed with aq. NaOH (1N, 8x 1 L). The combined aqueous phases were extracted with DCM (5 X 1 L). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and then concentrated under reduced pressure (bath temperature: 20 °C) to afford crude bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one as a brown liquid. The liquid was further purified by downstream distillation at 70 °C to afford bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one as a light yellow viscous liquid, 125 g (62 %). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 2.61 - 2.54 (m, 2H), 2.17 - 2.12 (m, 2H), 1.54 - 1.46 (m, 2H), 0.92 - 0.86 (m, 1H), -0.01 - -0.08 (m, 1H); GCMS: M/Z = 96.1. Preparation of 2-(2,2-difluoroacetyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one

[064] To a stirred solution of bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one (125 g, 1274 mmol) in THF (1500 mL) under N2 atmosphere at -78 °C was added LDA (2.0 M in THF, 0.701 L, 1402 mmol). The solution was stirred for 1 h at -78 °C. To the solution was added slowly over 30 min a solution of ethyldifluoroacetate (174 g, 1402 mmol) in THF (300 mL) maintaining a temperature of -78 °C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 27 °C and then stirred for 1 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 20% Acetone/Hexane, Rf = 0.3, UV active). The reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of sat. aq. HCl. (1N, 2000 mL). The mixture was stirred for 30 min and then extracted with EtOAc (3 × 1000 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (1000 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give 2-(2,2-difluoroacetyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one as a pale yellow viscous liquid, 180 g (71%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 6.18 (t, J = 54.8 Hz, 1H), 2.70 - 2.62 (m, 1H), 2.35 (d, J = 19.4 Hz, 1H), 2.14 (br s, 1H), 1.26 - 1.21 (m, 1H), 1.04 - 1 .03 (m, 1H), 0.22 - 0.21 (m, 1H), LCMS: M/Z = 173.17). Preparation of ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate.

[065] To a stirred solution of 2-(2,2-difluoroacetyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-3-one (180 g, 910 mmol) in ethanol (2 L) under N2 atmosphere at 27 °C was added ethyl 2-hydrazinylacetate hydrochloride (422 g, 2729 mmol) followed by sulfuric acid (20 mL, 375 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 30 min and then heated to 100 °C and stirred for 16 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 20% Acetone/Hexane, Rf = 0.3, UV active). The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (2000 mL) and washed with water (2 x 1 L), brine (1.0 L), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography (pet.:acetone 100:0^98:2) to afford ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate as a yellowish-white solid, 110 g (46%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 6.86 (t, J = 54.8 Hz, 1H), 4.93 (s, 2H), 4.14 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.88 - 2.79 (m, 1H), 2.76 - 2.68 (m, 1H), 2.14 - 2, 04 (m, 2H), 1.19 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.10 - 1.03 (m, 1H), 0.14 (q, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H). Preparation of ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5-oxo-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate.

[066] To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate (110 g, 422 mmol) and Celite (395 g) in cyclohexane (3.5 L) at 0 °C was added portionwise pyridinium dichromate (794 g, 2110 mmol). To the mixture under a nitrogen atmosphere was added dropwise tert-butyl hydroperoxide (355 mL, 2130 mmol) over a period of 10 min. The reaction mixture was warmed to 27 °C and then stirred at this temperature for 48 h. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 30% Acetone/pet, Rf = 0.4, UV active). The reaction mixture was filtered and the filter cake was extracted with EtOAc (1000 mL). The filtrate was washed with saturated aq. Na2S2O3 (2x500 mL); saturated aq. FeSO4 (300 mL); and then brine (500 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude title compound (150 g). Preparation of ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-4,4a-dihydrospiro[cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-5,2'-[1,3]dithiolane]-1(3bH)-yl)acetate.

[067] To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5-oxo-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate (75 g, 269 mmol) in DCM (1500 mL) at 27 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere was added ethane-1,2-dithiol (43.0 mL, 511 mmol) followed by the addition of boron trifluoride acetic acid (72.6 mL, 511 mmol). The solution was stirred for 16 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 20% Acetone/Pet, Rf = 0.35, UV active). After completion, the reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C and quenched by addition of saturated aq. NaHCO3 (500 mL). The mixture was extracted with DCM (2 X 1000 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (1000 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a brown liquid. This material was subjected to silica gel column chromatography (Pet.:EtOAc 95:5^90:10) to afford ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-4,4a-dihydrospiro[cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-5,2'-[1,3]dithiolane]-1(3bH)-yl)acetate as a yellowish-white solid, 80 g (74%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 6.61 (t, J = 55.2 Hz, 1H), 5.00 - 4.85 (m, 2H), 4.29 - 4.19 (m, 2H), 3.55 - 3.46 (m, 4H), 2.63 - 2.53 (m, 1H), 2.49 - 2 .38 (m, 1H), 1.30 - 1.24 (m, 4H), 0.65 - 0.60 (m, 1H). LCMS M+H = 346.9. Preparation of ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate

[068] To a stirred solution of 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (26.3 g, 92 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) at -70 °C under a N2 atmosphere was added HF-pyridine (2.460 g, 24.83 mmol). The solution was stirred for 30 min. To the solution was added a solution of ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-4,4a-dihydrospiro[cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2- c ]pyrazol-5,2'-1,3]dithiolane]-1(3bH)-yl)acetate (10 g, 25 mmol) in DCM (20 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to -40 °C and was then stirred at this temperature for 1 h. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 30% EtOAc/Pet, Rf = 0.3, UV inactive). The reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of sat. aq. NaHCO3 (200 mL). The mixture was warmed to room temperature and then extracted with EtOAc (2 × 100 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (50 mL); dried over anhydrous Na2SO4; filtered; and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a brown solid. This material was subjected to silica gel column chromatography (Pet.:EtOAc 100:0^75 - 25) to afford ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate as a light yellow solid, 8.5 g (91%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 6.62 (t, J = 55.2 Hz, 1H), 4.82 (s, 2H), 4.30 - 4.18 (m, 2H), 2.51 - 2.37 (m, 2H), 1.42 - 1.35 (m, 1H), 1.31 - 1.23 (m, 3H), 1.14 - 1.08 (m, 1H). LCMS M+H = 293.07. Preparation of 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid

[069] To a stirred solution of ethyl 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetate (15 g, 50 mmol) in THF (17 mL) and MeOH (66 mL) at 0 °C under N2 atmosphere was added a solution of LiOH (1.788 g, 74.7 mmol) in water (66 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 27 °C and then stirred for 3 h at this temperature. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 5% MeOH/DCM, Rf = 0.2, UV active). Upon completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure; diluted with water (50 mL); and washed with EtOAc (2 × 250 mL) to remove impurities. The aqueous layer was adjusted to pH 2 to 3 using aq. HCl (1 M) then extracted with EtOAc (3 × 1000 mL). The combined organics were dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 ; filtered; and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 2-(3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2- c ]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid as a yellowish-white solid, 14 g (98%). LCMS M+H = 265.15. Separation affording 2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro- 3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid and 2-((3bR,4aS)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid

[070] 2-(3-(Difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (5.5 g) was dissolved in isopropanol (20 mL). The solution was portionwise subjected to chiral separation by SFC as follows: Instrument = Thar 80; column = Chiralpak IC 30x250 mm, 5 micron; solvent A = supercritical CO2; solvent B = isopropanol with 0.5% (v/v) isopropylamine; eluent composition = 70% A:30% B; flow rate = 65 g/min; backpressure = 100 bar; temperature = 30 °C; injection volume = 2.5 mL; detection = 220 nm. English: 2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid was collected as a peak eluting from 7.5 min to 14 min; 2-((3bR,4aS)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid was collected as a peak eluting from 2.7 min to 5.8 min. For each enantiomer, the resulting solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the resulting solids were dissolved in EtOAc, then washed twice with sat. aq. citric acid. (1M) followed by water followed by brine. The organic solution was dried over Na2SO4; filtered; then concentrated in vacuo to give the separated enantiomer in 80 to 90% recovery. Preparation of N-(7-amino-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methanesulfonamide. Summary scheme: Step 1: Preparation of 2,6-dichloro-3-nitrobenzaldehyde

[071] To a solution of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) (5.63 L, 4.5 V) in a round bottom flask at 0 to 5 °C was added 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde (1.25 kg, 7.10 mol, 1.0 equiv.) in portions below 15 °C. The reaction mass was stirred at 0 to 5 °C for 30 min. A freshly prepared nitration mixture solution [Prepared from Conc. H2SO4 (0.425 L, 0.34 V) and 70% HNO3 (0.85 kg, 13.49 mol, 1.30 equiv.) at 0 °C] was added to the above reaction mixture below 10 °C [Note: The reaction is slightly exothermic (3 to 6 °C); so addition at a lower temperature is preferred]. The reaction mixture was stirred at 5 to 10 °C for 2 to 3 h. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), it was quenched with ice-cold water (18.75 L, 15 V) below 25 °C. Then, the reaction mass was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 2 h. The solids were isolated by filtration and then washed with water (2.5 L, 2.0 V). Residual bulk water was removed from the solids by vacuum filtration for 60 to 90 min. The crude wet solid was first dried under an air atmosphere and then in a hot air oven at 50 to 55 °C for 10 to 12 h (until the moisture content was no more than 5.0%) to give the dry title product, 2,6-dichloro-3-nitrobenzaldehyde (1.44 kg, 92% yield) as a yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 10. 44 (s, 1H), 7.88 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H). Step 2: Preparation of 2,6-dichloro-3-nitrobenzonitrile

[072] (Step-2a) To a DMSO solution (5.9 L, 5.0 V) in a round bottom flask was added 2,6-dichloro-3-nitrobenzaldehyde (1.17 kg, 5.31 mol, 1.0 equiv) at room temperature. After stirring for 30 min at room temperature, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.63 kg, 9.04 mol, 1.70 equiv) was added and the reaction mass was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), the reaction mass was quenched by the addition of ice-cold water (18.0 L, 15.0 V) added at a rate sufficient to maintain the temperature below 30 °C (Note: Solids formed upon addition of water). The reaction mass was stirred at room temperature for 60 to 90 min. The solids were isolated by filtration; washed with water (2.5 L, 2.0 V); followed by washing with a mixture of acetone and hexanes (6.0 L, 1:1 ratio). Residual bulk water was removed from the solids by continuing vacuum filtration for 60 to 90 min. The wet solid was initially air dried and then finally dried in a hot air oven at 50 to 55 °C for 10 to 12 h (until the moisture content was no more than 1.0%) to obtain the dry target product, 2,6-dichloro-3-nitrobenzaldehyde oxime (1.22 kg, 92% yield) as a yellowish-white solid. The crude product (containing 10 to 20% 2,6-dichloro-3-nitrobenzonitrile) was used directly in the next step without further purification.

[073] (Step-2b) To a stirred solution of the crude oxime (preparation described above, 1.13 kg, 4.80 mol, 1.0 equiv.) in DCM (9.04 L, 8.0 V) at 0 to 5 °C was added triethylamine (“TEA”, 1.02 kg, 10.09 mol, 2.1 equiv.). After stirring for 5 min, methanesulfonyl chloride (0.60 kg, 5.29 mol, 1.1 equiv.) was added (Note: An exotherm is observed during the addition) slowly at 15 °C. Then, the reaction mass was stirred at room temperature for 30 to 45 min. After completion of the reaction (reaction progress was monitored by TLC; mobile phase: 20% ethyl acetate in hexanes), the reaction mass was diluted with water (6.78 L, 6.0 V); the organic layer was separated; and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (3.4 L, 3.0 V). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (5.65 L, 5.0 V); dried over Na2SO4; and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting crude solids were triturated with hexanes (4.50 L, 4.0 V) at room temperature. The wet material was dried in a hot air oven at 50 to 55 °C for 5 to 6 h to give the dry product, 2,6-dichloro-3-nitrobenzonitrile (0.95 kg, 91% yield) as a yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.07 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H). Step 3: Preparation of 4-chloro-7-nitro-1H-indazol-3-amine

[074] To a stirred solution of 2,6-dichloro-3-nitrobenzonitrile (750.0 g, 3.45 mol, 1.0 equiv.) in ethanol (7.5 L, 10.0 V) at 15 to 20 °C was slowly added hydrazine hydrate (519.0 g, 10.36 mol, 3.0 equiv.) while keeping the reaction mass below 25 °C (Note: The addition is slightly exothermic and solid formation will begin upon addition). The temperature of the reaction mixture was slowly raised to room temperature, and then the mixture was stirred for 3 h (Note: The amount of solids will increase during this time). After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), the mixture was diluted with water (7.5 L, 10.0 V) and stirred for an additional 1 h at room temperature. The solids were isolated by filtration and then washed with water (2.25 L, 3.0 V). The wet solid was washed with a 1:1 mixture of acetone (1.875 L, 2.5 V) and hexanes (1.875 L, 2.5 V). Residual bulk water was removed from the solids by vacuum filtration for 60 to 90 min. The wet solid was finally dried in a hot air oven for 7 to 8 h at 50 °C (until the moisture content dropped below 1.5%) to afford the dry product, 4-chloro-7-nitro-1H-indazol-3-amine (549.0 g, 75% yield) as a brick red solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 10.36 (bs, 1H), 8.20 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J = 8.40 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (bs, 2H). Step 4: Preparation of 4-chloro-1-methyl-7-nitro-1H-indazol-3-amine

[075] To a stirred solution of 4-chloro-7-nitro-1H-indazol-3-amine (500 g, 0.42 mol, 1.0 equiv.) in DMF (5.0 L, 10.0 V) at 5 to 10 °C was slowly added cesium carbonate (Cs2CO3) (1.91 kg, 5.88 mol, 2.5 equiv.) while keeping the reaction mass below 10 °C. After stirring for 5 to 10 min, dimethyl sulfate (326.3 g, 2.59 mol, 1.1 equiv.) was added while keeping the reaction mass below 10 °C (Note: Slow addition is preferred to obtain more favorable regioselectivity). Then, the reaction temperature was slowly raised to room temperature and stirring was continued for an additional 2 h at the same temperature. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), the reaction mass was quenched by the addition of ice-cold water (15.0 L, 30.0 V), and the resulting mixture was then stirred for 6 to 8 h at room temperature. The solids were isolated by filtration and were then washed with water (1.5 L, 3.0 V). The wet solid was washed with IPA (1.5 L, 3.0 V) followed by hexanes (1.0 L, 2.0 V). Residual bulk water was removed from the solids by vacuum filtration for 60 to 90 min. The wet solid was dried in a hot air oven for 7 to 8 h at 50 °C (until the moisture content was below 1.0%). The isolated material, 4-chloro-1-methyl-7-nitro-1H-indazol-3-amine (319.0 g, 60% yield), was used in the next step without further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): δ 7.97 (d, J = 8.32 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J = 8.24 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (bs, 2H), 3.96 (s, 3H). Step 5: Preparation of N-(4-chloro-1-methyl-7-nitro-1H-yl)methanesulfonamide

[076] (Step 5a) To a solution of 4-chloro-1-methyl-7-nitro-1H-indazol-3-amine (625.0 g, 2.76 mol, 1.0 equiv.) in DCM (6.25 L, 10.0 V) at 0 to 5 °C was added triethylamine (TEA) (837.0 g, 8.27 mol, 3.0 equiv.); followed by the addition of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) (20.60 g, 0.165 mol, 0.06 equiv.). The reaction mass was stirred for 5 to 10 min, then methanesulfonyl chloride (MsCl) (790.0 g, 6.89 mol, 2.5 equiv.) was added slowly while keeping the reaction mass below 10 °C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and then stirred for 1.5 to 2.0 h. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), the mixture was diluted with water (6.25 L, 10.0 V) and then stirred at room temperature for 15 min. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (6.25 L, 10.0 V). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (1.25 L, 2.0 V), dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated to give crude solids. The solids were triturated with hexanes (1.25 L, 2.0 V) at room temperature to give the intermediate, N-(4-chloro-1-methyl-7-nitro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide, which was used directly in the next step.

[077] (ii) To a stirred solution of N-(4-chloro-1-methyl-7-nitro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(methylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide (prepared above) in ethanol (10.5 L, 20.0 V) at room temperature was slowly added a solution of 5% aq. NaOH (4.38 L, 7.0 V) [Note: Slow addition is preferred via dropping funnel]. The reaction mass was stirred at the same temperature for 3 h. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC) [Sample preparation for TLC analysis: ~1.0 ml of sample acidified with aq. HCl English: 2.0 N until pH: 2 to 3 was reached, extracted with ethyl acetate, and the organic layer was analyzed by TLC], the reaction mass was cooled to 0 to 5 °C, and the pH was adjusted to 2 to 3 by the addition of 2.0 N aq. HCl (3.13 L, 5.0 V) while maintaining the reaction temperature below 10 °C [Note: Precipitation occurred after the addition of HCl and increased with stirring]. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature and then stirred for 1.5 to 2.0 h. The obtained solids were isolated by filtration and were then washed with water (1.25 L, 2.0 V); followed by washing with hexanes (1.25 L, 2.0 V). Residual bulk water was removed from the solids by vacuum filtration for 60 to 90 min. The wet material was dried in a hot air oven at 50 °C for 6 to 7 h (until the moisture content was below 1.0%) to obtain the dry product, N-(4-chloro-1-methyl-7-nitro-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide (640.0 g, 76%) as a yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.05 (d, J = 8.32 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (bs, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 8.28 Hz, 1H), 4.15 (s, 3H), 3.45 (s, 3H). Step 6: Preparation of N-(4-chloro-1-methyl-7-nitro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methanesulfonamide

[078] To a mixture of N-(4-chloro-1-methyl-7-nitro-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide (635.0 g, 2.08 mol, 1.0 equiv.) and 1-(chloromethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (359.0 g, 2.30 mol, 1.1 equiv.) in DMF (6.35 L, 10.0 V) at room temperature was added potassium carbonate (374.7 g, 2.70 mol, 1.3 equiv.). The reaction mixture was heated to 80 to 90 °C and held at this temperature for 3 h. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), the mixture was poured into ice-cold water (19.05 L, 30.0 V) [Note: Slow quenching with vigorous stirring is preferred to avoid agglomeration as the product precipitates]. The resulting solids were isolated by filtration and washed with water (1.90 L, 3.0 V); then the solids were washed with hexanes (1.27 L, 2.0 V). Residual bulk water was removed from the solids by vacuum filtration for 60 to 90 min. The isolated solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate (12.7 L, 20.0 V), and charcoal (63.5 g) was added. The mixture was warmed to 60 to 70 °C and then stirred for 30 to 45 min at this temperature. The mixture was filtered while still hot (40 to 50 °C) through a pad of Celite, and the Celite pad was then extracted with ethyl acetate (3.17 L, 5.0 V). The combined filtrates were concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure below 50 °C. Ethyl acetate (0.635 L, 1.0 V) was added to the solids at room temperature. The resulting solid suspension was stirred for 30 min. The solids were isolated by filtration and then washed with hexanes (1.27 L, 2.0 V). Residual water was removed from the solids by vacuum filtration for 45 to 60 min. to provide the product N-(4-chloro-1-methyl-7-nitro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methanesulfonamide (705.0 g, 80% yield) as a yellow solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 2H), 4.17 (s, 3H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.01 (s, 3H). Step 7: Preparation of N-(7-Amino-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methanesulfonamide

[079] To a stirred suspension of zinc dust (540.0 g, 8.23 mol, 10.0 equiv.) in a mixture of THF (3.50 L, 10.0 V) and water (7.0 L, 20.0 V) at room temperature was added ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) (449.0 g, 8.23 mol, 10.0 equiv.). To the mixture was added N-(4-chloro-1-methyl-7-nitro-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methanesulfonamide (350 g, 0.823 mol, 1.0 equiv.) in THF (7.0 L, 20.0 V). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 to 4 h. After completion of the reaction (monitored by in-process TLC/HPLC), the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (3.5 L, 10.0 V) and water (1.12 L, 2.5 V). The mixture was stirred for 15 min. The reaction mass was filtered through a bed of Celite pad washing with ethyl acetate (1.75 L, 5.0 V). The biphasic filtrate was collected, and the phases were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3.50 L, 10.0 V). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (3.50 L, 10 V), dried over Na2SO4, and then concentrated in vacuo to give a crude solid. To the crude product was added MTBE (3.25 L, 10 V), and the suspension was stirred for 30 min at room temperature. The solids were isolated by filtration. Residual bulk water was removed from the solids by continuing vacuum filtration for 30 to 45 min. The wet product was dried in a hot air oven (50 °C) for 2 h to afford the title product, N-(7-amino-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methanesulfonamide (276.0 g, 85% yield) as a yellowish-white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 98 (s, 3H). Preparation of 2-amino-4-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)benzoic acid: Summary scheme:

Step 1: Preparation of methyl 4-bromo-2-nitrobenzoate

[080] To a stirred solution of 4-bromo-2-nitrobenzoic acid (500 g, 2032 mmol) in methanol (2000 mL) was added sulfuric acid (500 mL, 9381 mmol) at 0 °C. The solution was stirred for 4 h at 70 °C. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 30% EtOAc/Pet. Rf = 0.3). After completion of the reaction, the reaction mass was cooled to room temperature and then concentrated under reduced pressure to remove methanol. The resulting residue was poured into water (1000 mL) and the pH was adjusted to pH 9 by the addition of anhydrous sodium carbonate. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 × 1000 mL). The combined organics were washed with water (500 mL) and then brine solution (500 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to give methyl 4-bromo-2-nitrobenzoate (520 g, 94 %) as a yellowish-white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.04–7.99 (m, 1H), 7.85–7.78 (m, 1H), 7.66 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (s, 3H). LCMS purity = 95.2 %. The product was used directly in the next step without further purification.

Step 2: Preparation of methyl 2-amino-4-bromobenzoate

[081] To a stirred solution of zinc dust (704 g, 10.8 mol) in water (2000 mL) at 0 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere was slowly added a solution of methyl 4-bromo-2-nitrobenzoate (400 g, 1538 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (4000 mL) followed by acetic acid (1057 mL, 18.5 mol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 27 °C for 4 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 20% EtOAc/Pet. Rf = 0.4). Upon completion, the reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite and the Celite pad was extracted with EtOAc (2000 mL). The combined filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was diluted with water (3000 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2 × 4000 mL). The combined organics were washed with saturated Na2CO3 solution (2 × 3000 mL) and then brine (2 × 2000 mL). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to give methyl 2-amino-4-bromobenzoate (350 g, 94 %) as a yellowish-white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 7.76–7.65 (m, 1H), 6.84 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.78–6.72 (m, 1H), 5.91–5.63 (m, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H). LCMS purity = 95.0 %. The product was used directly in the next step without further purification. Step 3: Preparation of methyl 2-amino-4-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)benzoate

[082] To a stirred solution of methyl 2-amino-4-bromobenzoate (350 g, 1521 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (7000 mL) was added bis(pinacol)diborane (522 g, 2054 mmol) and potassium acetate (597 g, 6085 mmol). The reaction mixture was degassed by bubbling N2 gas through the mixture for 10 min. To the reaction mixture was added PdCl2(dppf) (78 g, 106 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 4 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. Upon completion of the reaction the mixture was cooled to room temperature. To the mixture were added 2-chloro-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (359 g, 1978 mmol), potassium phosphate tribasic (1130 g, 5325 mmol), and water (1190 mL). The mixture was degassed by bubbling nitrogen gas for 10 min. To the mixture was added PdCl2(dppf) (78 g, 106 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 16 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 20% EtOAc/Pet. Rf = 0.4). Upon completion, the reaction mixture was filtered through Celite, and the Celite pad was then extracted with ethyl acetate (2000 mL). The combined filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product (550 g) as a brown liquid. This material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 5 to 30% EtOAc/Pet. Fractions containing the desired product were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure. The isolated material was washed with n-pentane (2200 mL) and the solids were collected by filtration and then dried under vacuum to give methyl 2-amino-4-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)benzoate (380 g, 83%) as a yellowish-white solid. 1H NMR (CHLOROFORM-d) δ: 7.99 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.92 - 7.98 (m, 2H), 7.67 (dd, J=6.9, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (dd, J=8.3, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 5.90 (br s, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H). LCMS purity = 98.25%. Step 4: Preparation of 2-amino-4-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)benzoic acid:

[083] To a stirred solution of methyl 2-amino-4-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)benzoate (650 g, 2194 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (5000 mL) and water (2167 mL) at 0 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (369 g, 8776 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 70 °C for 16 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 50% EtOAc/Pet. Rf = 0.4). Upon completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was then dissolved in water (5000 mL) and acidified to pH 4 by the addition of 3N HCl (3000 mL). The resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with water (4000 mL), then n-hexane (5000 mL), and then dried to afford 2-amino-4-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)benzoic acid (581 g, 93 %) as a yellowish-white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 8.18 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 2H), 7.92-7.88 (m, 1H), 7.84 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.4, 1.8 Hz, 1H). LCMS purity = 99.62 %. Example 1 Preparation: )-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide. Summary scheme: Step 1: Preparation of tert-but (S)-(1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methylsulfonamido)-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-7-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate ila

[084] To a stirred solution of (S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)propanoic acid (91 g, 301 mmol) and 2-amino-4-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)benzoic acid (94 g, 332 mmol) in acetonitrile (3.8 L)) under a nitrogen atmosphere at 27 °C was added pyridine (0.059 L, 724 mmol). The resulting mixture was cooled to -9 °C for 10 min, then 2,4,6-tripropyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatrifosphinane 2,4,6-trioxide (“T3P”, 50 wt % in EtOAc, 0.888 L, 1507 mmol) was added dropwise over 10 min. The solution was stirred for 2.1 h at -9 °C under a N2 atmosphere. To the solution at -9 °C was added N-(7-amino-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methanesulfonamide (120 g, 301 mmol) after which the solution was warmed to -5 °C and kept at this temperature with stirring for 1 h. The reaction mass was then allowed to slowly warm to 27 °C and then stirred at this temperature for 16 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 50% EtOAc/Pet. Rf = 0.5). Upon completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was dissolved in EtOAc (5000 mL) and then washed with 1 N NaOH solution (2000 mL) followed by brine (1000 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product which was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 30 to 35% EtOAc/Pet. Fractions containing the desired product were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to give tert-butyl (S)-(1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methylsulfonamido)-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-7-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate (252 g, 88%, a yellowish-white solid) as a mixture of homochiral atropisomers (diastereomers). Step 2: Preparation of (S)-N-((6P)-7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-4-oxo-7-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)quinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide

[085] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (S)-(1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methylsulfonamido)-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-7-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate (97% purity, 252 g, 264 mmol) in TFA (815 mL, 10.6 mol) at 27 °C was added triflic acid (70.4 mL, 793 mmol). The solution was stirred for 2 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 50% EtOAc/Pet. Rf = 0.2). On completion, volatiles were removed under a gentle stream of nitrogen gas. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (5000 mL) and then washed with 1N NaOH solution (2000 mL) followed by brine (1500 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product which was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 5 to 15% MeOH in DCM. Fractions containing the desired product were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford (S)-N-(7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-4-oxo-7-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)quinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide (180 g, 95%, a yellowish-white solid) as a mixture of homochiral atropisomers (diastereomers). The material was dissolved in methanol:acetonitrile (40:60, 3000 mL) and then purified by prep-SFC using the following method: Column = (R,R) Welk- 01, 30x250 mm, 5μ; eluent = CO2:methanol (1:1); Flow rate = 90.0 g/min; Backpressure = 120.0 bar; Detection = 254 nm (UV); Stacking time = 8.8 min; Load per injection = 700 mg. Separation by SFC yielded two peaks that were collected separately. The major peak (second eluting peak) was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford (S)-N-((6P)-7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-4-oxo-7-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)quinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide (100 g, 54%) as a yellowish-white solid. The product is a single stereoisomer. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d) 2.0, 8.5 Hz, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.59 (dd, J = 4.8, 8.2 Hz, 1H), 3.35 (br d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.17 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 3H), 2.92-2.83 (m, 1H). LCMS purity = 99%.

Step 3: Preparation of N-((S)-1-((3P)-3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-7 -(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3- (difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide:

[086] To a stirred solution of (S)-N-((6P)-7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-4-oxo-7-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)quinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide (45 g, 63.9 mmol) in DMF (450 mL) at 27 °C was added 2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (20.26 g, 77 mmol) followed by ... English: N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N‘-ethylcarbodiimide (“EDC-HCl”, 14.70 g, 77 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (“HOBt hydrate”, 11.75 g, 77 mmol), and N-methylmorpholine (28.1 mL, 256 mmol). The reaction mass was stirred for 24 h at 27 °C. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 50% EtOAc/Pet. Rf = 0.5). Upon completion, the reaction mass was diluted with ice-cold water (1.5 L) and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and then dried under vacuum to afford the crude product (59 g) as a yellowish-white solid. This crude product was combined with another batch of crude product (61 g) generated by repeating the procedure on the same scale. Together, the 120 g of crude product were purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 20 to 40% EtOAc/Pet. The fractions containing the desired product were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the purified product. The EtOAc residue was removed by triturating the compound using a mortar and pestle and then keeping the fine solids in an oven at 50 °C for approximately 2 h; This trituration and heating process was repeated an additional 4 times until the EtOAc content was reduced to below 4000 ppm to afford N-((S)-1-((3P)-3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-7-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide (85.7 g, 79%) as a yellowish-white solid. 1H NMR (acetone-d6) δ: 8.60 (t, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.48 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.39 (d, J=0.9 Hz, 2H), 8.32 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 8.16 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.95 - 7.99 (m, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (tt, J=9.3, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.70 - 6.76 (m, 2H), 6.77 (t, J=54.7 Hz, 1H), 4.93 (td, J=9.0, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 4.63 - 4.74 (m, 2H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.55 (dd, J=14.2, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.15 (dd, J=14.2, 9.4 Hz, 1H), 2.42 - 2.51 (m, 2H), 1.37 - 1.43 (m, 1H), 0.95 - 1.00 (m, 1H). LCMS Analysis Method: Column: Acquity BEH C18, 2.1 x 50 mm, 1.7 μm particles; Solvent A = 0.1% formic acid in water; Solvent B = 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile; Flow rate = 0.6 mL/min; Gradient {time point (min)/% B at time point (%)} = 0/3, 0.4/3, 7.5/98, 9.5/98, 9.6/3, 10/3; Column temperature = 35 °C. LCMS result: retention time = 5.57 min; observed ion = 949.98 (M+H); LCMS purity = 99.4 %.

Example 1 Nomenclature:

[087] The compound of Example 1 as prepared above is a homochiral material that contains axial chirality. Axial chirality can be described using P/M nomenclature as detailed in the IUPAC Gold Book (doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00547). However, at this time, only a limited number of software tools are available that are capable of generating chemical names containing the P/M nomenclature, and even fewer options are available for converting chemical names using this nomenclature to structural representations of the molecules. Therefore, for clarity and convenience several names for Example 1 are provided below:

[088] The name of Example 1 as generated by ChemDraw Professional 16 (missing P/M nomenclature) is: N-((S)-1-(3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-7-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide

[089] The chemical name of Example 1 as generated by JChem for Excel (including P/M nomenclature) is: N-[(1S)-1-[3-(4-chloro-3-methanesulfonamido-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-7-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl]-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl]-2-[(2S,4R)-9-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-7,8-diazatricyclo[4,3,0,02,4]nona-1(6),8-dien-7-yl]acetamide

[090] The chemical name of Example 1 generated by ChemDraw Professional 16 with manually added P/M nomenclature is: N-((S)-1-((3P)-3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-7-(6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide Preparation of acid 2-amino-4-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid: Summary scheme: Step 1: Preparation of methyl 2-amino-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoate

[091] A mixture of methyl 2-amino-4-bromobenzoate (10 g, 43.5 mmol), 4,4,4’,4’,5,5,5’,5’-octamethyl-2,2’-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane) (11.04 g, 43.5 mmol), PdCl2(dppf) (1.590 g, 2.173 mmol), and potassium acetate (12.80 g, 130 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (100 mL) under argon was heated at 97 °C for 2 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and then diluted with DCM. The organic layer was washed with water, followed by brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (330 g column, 5 to 30% EtOAc:Hex) to afford the product methyl 2-amino-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoate (9.2 g, 76%) as a yellow solid. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ ppm 7.86 (d, J=8.05 Hz, 1 H), 7.14 (s, 1 H), 7.06 (dd, J=7.90, 1.04 Hz, 1 H), 5.67 (br s, 2 H), 3.89 (s, 3 H), 1.37 (s, 12 H).

Step 2: Preparation of methyl 2-amino-4-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoate

[092] In a round bottom flask were combined methyl 2-amino-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzoate (14.8 g, 53.4 mmol), 2-chloro-4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidine (8.79 g, 53.4 mmol), PdCl2(xantphos) (2.019 g, 2.67 mmol), and potassium carbonate (22.14 g, 160 mmol). The flask was sealed with a rubber septum and to the flask were added 1,4-dioxane (200 mL) and water (50.0 mL). The flask was then filled with argon (vac then backfill with argon 3 times). The mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 3.5 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and the volatile organics were removed under reduced pressure to give an aqueous mixture. The slurry was taken up in EtOAc (300 mL) and then further diluted with water (400 mL). The mixture was mixed and then filtered through a pad of Celite to remove insoluble material. The organic layer was then separated and washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was taken up in a minimal amount of EtOAc (100 mL) and then mixed with Celite and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a free-flowing powder. This powder was separated into three equal portions and each portion was subjected to reverse phase chromatography (415 g RediSep Gold C18 column) eluting with (water:MeCN 95:5 + 0.1% formic acid):(MeCN:water 95:5 + 0.1% formic acid) 25:75^0:100. Fractions containing the desired product were combined and partially concentrated under reduced pressure to give an aqueous mixture. The slurry was combined with EtOAc and the aqueous layer was made slightly basic (pH 8) by the addition of sat. aq. NaOH. 5 N. The mixture was mixed and then the organic layer was isolated and washed with brine, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the product methyl 2-amino-4-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoate (10.2 g, 68%) as a dark yellow solid. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3) δ ppm 9.02 (br d, J=4.77 Hz, 1 H), 8.01 (d, J=8.34 Hz, 1 H), 7.86 (s, 1 H), 7.76 (br d, J=8.35 Hz, 1 H), 7.55 (br d, J=4.77 Hz, 1 H), .52 - 6.78 (m, 1 H), 5.88 (br s, 2 H), 3.94 (s, 3 H). LCMS method G: retention time = 2.66 min.; observed ion = 321.1 (M+MeCN).

Step 3: Preparation of 2-amino-4-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid

[093] To a solution of methyl 2-amino-4-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoate (12 g, 43.0 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) and THF (50.0 mL) was added 5 N aqueous sodium hydroxide (25.8 mL, 129 mmol) and the mixture was then stirred at 60 °C for 1 h after which LCMS analysis indicated that the reaction was complete. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and then to the mixture was added 1 M aqueous HCl (129 mL, 129 mmol). To the thick yellow slurry were added EtOAc (250 mL) and water (150 mL) after which the yellow slurry partially dissolved; the organic layer was cloudy while the aqueous layer appeared homogeneous. The organic layer was washed with brine and remained cloudy. The organic layer was isolated and heated until the cloudy mixture became a clear yellow solution. The solution was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the product 2-amino-4-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid (11.3 g, 99%) as a yellow solid. 1H NMR (500 MHz, CD3OD) δ ppm 9.06 (d, J=5.07 Hz, 1 H), 7.96 (d, J=8.35 Hz, 1 H), 7.93 (d, J=1.19 Hz, 1 H), 7.67 (dd, J=8.49, 1.64 Hz, 1 H), 7.64 (d, J=5.07 Hz, 1 H), 6.66−6.91 (m, 1 H). LCMS method G: retention time = 2.14 min; observed ion = 307.0 (M+MeCN). Alternative preparation of 2-amino-4-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid: Summary scheme:

Preparation of methyl 4-bromo-2-nitrobenzoate:

[094] This compound was prepared on a 200 g scale following the procedure reported in WO 2005037796 and J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2018, 140 (33), 10553-10561. Step 1: Preparation of methyl 4-cyano-2-nitrobenzoate

[095] To a stirred solution of methyl 4-bromo-2-nitrobenzoate (340 g, 1307 mmol) in DMF (3000 mL) under nitrogen at 27 °C was added copper(I) cyanide (234 g, 2615 mmol). The reaction mixture was then stirred at 150 °C for 5 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 20% EtOAc/Pet, Rf = 0.6, UV active). Upon completion, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to 27 °C. The reaction mixture was poured into EtOAc (5000 mL) and the resulting mixture was washed with 5% aq. ethylenediamine (5000 mL) to remove copper salts. The organic solution was then washed with ice-cold water (3 × 3000 mL) followed by ice-cold brine (3000 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give methyl 4-cyano-2-nitrobenzoate as a brown solid, 280 g (83%). The product was used directly in the next step without further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.37 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (dd, J = 7.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.97 (s, 3H). Note: The work-up procedure was further optimized to avoid the need for filtration: The reaction mixture was poured into EtOAc (5000 mL) and the resulting mixture was washed with 5% aq. ethylenediamine (5000 mL) to remove copper salts. The organic solution was then washed with ice-cold water (3 x 3000 mL) followed by ice-cold brine (3000 mL). The remaining procedure is the same as described above.

Step 2: Preparation of methyl 4-carbamimidoyl-2-nitrobenzoate hydrochloride

[096] To a stirred solution of methyl 4-cyano-2-nitrobenzoate (280 g, 1358 mmol) in MeOH (4000 mL) under nitrogen was added sodium methoxide (44.0 g, 815 mmol), and the reaction mixture was then stirred at 27 °C for 16 h. To the reaction mixture was added ammonium chloride (72.6 g, 1358 mmol), and the reaction mixture was then stirred at 27 °C for 18 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 80% EtOAc/Pet, Rf = 0.1, UV active). Upon completion, the reaction mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was extracted with 10% MeOH in DCM (3 x 1000 mL). The combined filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain the crude product as a gummy solid. This material was triturated with EtOAc (1000 mL) to afford methyl 4-carbamimidoyl-2-nitrobenzoate hydrochloride as a yellow solid, 250 g (56%). The product was used directly in the next step without further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 9.01 (br s, 3H), 8.50 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.23 (dd, J = 7.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H). LCMS purity = 79 %. Preparation of (E)-4-ethoxy-1,1-difluorobut-3-en-2-one:

[097] To a stirred solution of 2,2-difluoroacetic anhydride (179 mL, 1436 mmol) in DCM (1250 mL) at 0 °C was added dropwise over 1 h a mixture of pyridine (128 mL, 1580 mmol) and ethoxyethene (165 mL, 1724 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 27 °C and then stirred for 12 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of ice-cold water (1000 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with sat. aq. NaHCO3 (1000 mL), then brine (1000 mL), dried over Na2SO4, and filtered. The filtrate was carefully concentrated under reduced pressure (pressure > 100 mbar; bath temperature < 25 °C) to afford (E)-4-ethoxy-1,1-difluorobut-3-en-2-one as a brown liquid, 180 g (80%). The crude compound was used directly in the next step without further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 7.84 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 1H), 5.89–5.63 (m, 2H), 4.06 (q, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.39 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H). GC-MS purity = 95%.

Step 3: Preparation of methyl 4-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-nitrobenzoate

[098] To a stirred solution of methyl 4-carbamimidoyl-2-nitrobenzoate (200 g, 708 mmol) in EtOH (2000 mL) in a 5 L autoclave flask under nitrogen atmosphere at 27 °C was added (E)-4-ethoxy-1,1-difluorobut-3-en-2-one (159 g, 1062 mmol) followed by triethylamine (296 mL, 2124 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 16 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 20% EtOAc/Pet, Rf = 0.5, UV active). The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give methyl 4-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-nitrobenzoate as a brown liquid, 220 g (58%). The product was used directly in the next step without further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ = 9.07–9.00 (m, 1H), 8.80 (dd, J = 7.9, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.78–7.56 (m, 1H), 7.62 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (t, J = 54.8 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (s, 3H). HPLC purity: 58%.

Step 4: Preparation of methyl 2-amino-4-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoate

[099] To a stirred solution of methyl 4-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-nitrobenzoate (220 g, 711 mmol) in EtOH (2150 mL) and water (215 mL) at 27 °C was added ammonium chloride (190 g, 3557 mmol) followed by iron (199 g, 3557 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 16 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 20% EtOAc/Pet, Rf = 0.4, UV active). Upon completion, the reaction mixture was filtered while hot through a pad of Celite and the Celite pad was then extracted with EtOAc (4 x 500 mL). The combined filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford methyl 2-amino-4-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoate as a yellow solid, 230 g (64%). The product was used directly in the next step without any further purification. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.99 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.98 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (t, J = 54.8 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H). LCMS purity = 56%.

Step 5: Preparation of 2-amino-4-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid

[0100] To a stirred solution of methyl 2-amino-4-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoate (230 g, 461 mmol) in THF (2300 mL), MeOH (575 mL), and water (192 mL) at 27 °C was added LiOH (66.3 g, 2767 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 16 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 40% EtOAc/Pet, Rf = 0.1, UV active). Upon completion, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to 27 °C and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude residue was dissolved in water (1000 mL) and washed with EtOAc (2 x 250 mL). The aqueous layer was acidified with 1N aq. HCl to pH ~6. The precipitated solid was collected by filtration and washing with water (500 mL), then n-pentane (500 mL) and then dried to give 2-amino-4-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid as a yellow solid, 80 g (63%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 9.15 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.87-7.84 (m, 2H), 7.74 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (t, J = 54.2 Hz, 1H). LCMS purity = 96%. Example 2 Preparation: )-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide Summary scheme: Step 1: Preparation of (S)-(1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methylsulfonamido)-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate butyl

[0101] To a stirred solution of (S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)propanoic acid (76 g, 253 mmol) and 2-amino-4-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)benzoic acid (73.9 g, 279 mmol) in acetonitrile (2.1 L) was added pyridine (0.049 L, 608 mmol), and the reaction mixture was cooled to -5 °C and stirred at the same temperature for 10 min. Then to the reaction mixture at -5 °C was slowly added T3P (50% in EtOAc) (0.754 L, 1266 mmol). The mixture was stirred at -5 °C for 20 min, then was allowed to warm to 27 °C, and then was stirred for 2 h. To the reaction mixture was added N-(7-amino-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methanesulfonamide (100 g, 253 mmol) in one portion at 27 °C and the mixture was then stirred for 18 h. The reaction progress was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 40% EtOAc/Pet, Rf = 0.4, UV active). The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to remove acetonitrile and then diluted with EtOAc (1000 mL) and washed with water (2000 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with sat. aq. Na2CO3. (3 x 500 mL) and then brine (500 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product as a brown gummy liquid which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 30 to 40% EtOAc/Pet. Fractions containing the desired product were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford tert-butyl (S)-(1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methylsulfonamido)-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate (180 g, 78%, a yellow solid) as a mixture of homochiral atropisomers (diastereomers). Step 2: Preparation of (S)-N-((6P)-7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-7-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide

[0102] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (S)-(1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methylsulfonamido)-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate (110 g, 121 mmol) in DCM (500 mL) at 27 °C under N2 atmosphere was added TFA (374 mL, 4849 mmol), and the solution was stirred for 10 min. To the solution was added trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (32.3 mL, 364 mmol), and the solution was stirred for 1 h at 27 °C. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 50% EtOAc/Pet, Rf = 0.2). Volatiles were removed under a gentle stream of nitrogen gas. The resulting residue was dissolved in EtOAc (1500 mL) and then washed with 1 M aq. NaOH (2 × 750 mL), followed by brine (750 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product as a yellowish-white solid. This material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 80 to 98% EtOAc/Pet. Fractions containing the desired product were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford (S)-N-(7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-7-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide as a yellow solid, 65 g (74%). The product is a mixture of homochiral atropisomers (diastereomers). The above procedure was repeated by a four-fold addition to yield in total 310 g of (S)-N-(7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-7-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide which was dissolved in DCM:MeCN (30:70, 3055 mL) and then subjected to prep-SFC using the following method: Column = (R,R) Welk-01, 30 × 250 mm, 5 μ; Eluent = CO2:methanol (1:1); Flow rate = 90.0 g/min; Backpressure = 120.0 bar; Detection = 254 nm (UV); Stacking time = 16.0 min; Loading per injection = 800 mg. Separation produced two peaks. The major peak (second to elute) was collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to give (S)-N-((6P)-7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-7-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide as a yellow solid, 170 g (51%). The product is a single stereoisomer. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl) 1H), 6.86-6.55 (m, 2H), 6.54-6.45 (m, 3H), 3.79-3.74 (m, 3H), 3.71-3.63 (m, 1H), 3.44-3.33 (m, 4H), 2.94-2.83 (m, 1H). LCMS purity = 94%. Step 3: Preparation of N-((S)-1-((3P)-3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR )-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide

[0103] To a solution of (S)-N-((6P)-7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-7-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide (50 g, 61.9 mmol), 2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (16.34 g, 61.9 mmol) and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (“HOBt hydrate”, 3.79 g, was added English:24.74 mmol) in DMF (500 mL) at 27 °C were added N-methylmorpholine (13.60 mL, 124 mmol) and N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N‘-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (21.34 g, 111 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 27 °C for 16 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 50% EtOAc/Pet, Rf = 0.5, UV active). The reaction mixture was diluted with ice-cold water (7 L) and then stirred for 30 min. The precipitated solid was collected by filtration and then dried under vacuum to afford the crude compound as a yellowish-white solid, 75 g. LCMS purity = 60%. The above procedure was repeated an additional three times to yield in total 185 g of crude N-((S)-1-((3P)-3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide which was combined and then purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 30 to 40% EtOAc/Pet. Fractions containing the desired product were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to furnish the desired product as a yellowish-white solid (100 g, LCMS purity: 97%). This material was suspended in isopropanol (1000 mL, 10 V), heated at 70 °C for 30 min, then allowed to cool slowly to 27 °C over 16 h to yield the crystalline product. The obtained solid was collected by filtration and then dried under vacuum to give N-((S)-1-((3P)-3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide as a yellowish-white solid, 80 g (79%). 1H NMR (acetone-d6) δ: 9.27 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 8.89 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 8.69 (dd, J=8.3, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 8.57 (br s, 1H), 8.39 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.12 ( d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (t, J=54.4 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (tt, J=9.2, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.70 - 6.76 (m, 2H), 6.78 (t, J=54.7 Hz, 1H), 4.93 (td, J=9.0, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 4.65 - 4.76 (m, 2H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.56 (dd, J=14.2, 4.6 Hz, H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.15 (dd, J=14.3, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 2.42 - 2.53 (m, 2H), 1.37 - 1.44 (m, 1H), 0.95 - 1.00 (m, 1H). LCMS Method: Column = Acquity BEH C18, 2.1 x 50 mm, 1.7 μm particles; Solvent A = 0.1% formic acid in water; Solvent B = 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile; Flow rate = 0.6 mL/min; Gradient {time point (min)/% B at time point (%)} = 0/3, 0.4/3, 3.2/98, 3.8/98, 4.2/3, 4.5/3; Column temperature = 35 °C. LCMS Result: retention time = 2.73 min; observed ion = 933.09 (M+H); purity = 99 %.

Example 2 Nomenclature:

[0104] The compound of Example 2 as prepared above is a homochiral material that contains axial chirality. Axial chirality can be described using P/M nomenclature as detailed in the IUPAC Gold Book (doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00547). However, at this time, only a limited number of software tools are available that are capable of generating chemical names containing P/M nomenclature, and even fewer options are available for converting chemical names using this nomenclature to structural representations of the molecules. Therefore, for clarity and convenience, several names for the

Example 2 are given below:

[0105] The name of Example 2 as generated by ChemDraw Professional 16 (missing P/M nomenclature) is: N-((S)-1-(3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide

[0106] The chemical name of Example 2 as generated by JChem for Excel (including P/M nomenclature) is: N-[(1S)-1-[(3P)-3-(4-chloro-3-methanesulfonamido-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-[4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl]-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl]-2-[(2S,4R)-9-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-7,8-diazatricyclo[4,3,0,02,4]nona-1(6),8-dien-7-yl]acetamide

[0107] The chemical name of Example 2 generated by ChemDraw Professional 16 with manually added P/M nomenclature is: N-((S)-1-((3P)-3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(4-(difluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide Preparation of 3,3-difluorobutan-1-ol Step 1: Preparation of 3-oxobutyl benzoate

[0108] To a stirred solution of benzoyl chloride (0.396 L, 3405 mmol) in DCM (1 L) at -70 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere was added pyridine (470 mL) dropwise over a period of 1 h. After stirring for 30 min at the same temperature, 4-hydroxybutan-2-one (250.0 g, 2837 mmol) in DCM (500 mL) was added dropwise over a period of 1 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 26 °C and then stirred for 16 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 30 % EtOAc/Pet. Rf = 0.4). On completion, the reaction mixture was washed with water (2 × 1000 mL), 1N HCl (2 × 500 mL), and then saturated NaHCO3 solution (2 × 500 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 3-oxobutyl benzoate as a light yellow liquid (400 g, yield = 69 %). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ = 8.05–7.94 (m, 2H), 7.60–7.51 (m, 1H), 7.47–7.36 (m, 2H), 4.65–4.54 (t, 2H), 2.97–2.84 (t, 2H), 2.28–2.13 (s, 3H). HPLC purity = 94.1%. Step 2: Preparation of 3,3-difluorobutyl benzoate

[0109] To a stirred solution of 3-oxobutyl benzoate (90 g, 427 mmol) in dichloromethane (700 mL) at 0 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere was added DAST (677 mL, 5125 mmol) dropwise over a period of 1 h. The reaction mixture was warmed to 26 °C and stirred for 16 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 20% EtOAc/Pet. Rf = 0.6). Upon completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with DCM (500 mL) and slowly poured into cold saturated aq. NaHCO3 solution (1 L). The organic layer was separated and washed with brine solution (400 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude compound as a yellow liquid (95 g). This material was purified by column chromatography using silica gel (100 to 200 mesh), eluted with 0 to 5% EtOAc in PET. Fractions containing product were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 3,3-difluorobutyl benzoate as a brown liquid (60 g, yield = 59%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.06 - 8.01 (m, 2H), 7.60 - 7.54 (m, 1H), 7.48 - 7.40 (m, 2H), 4.54 - 4.48 (t, 2H), 2.43 - 2.29 (m, 2H), 1.77 - 1.64 (m, 3H). LCMS purity = 89.74%; m/z = 215.33. Step 3: Preparation of 3,3-difluorobutan-1-ol

[0110] To a stirred solution of 3,3-difluorobutyl benzoate (100 g, 467 mmol) in THF (800 mL) at 0 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere was added a solution of lithium hydroxide monohydrate (137 g, 3268 mmol) in water (800 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 26 °C and then stirred for 16 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 20% EtOAc/Pet. Rf = 0.6, active KMnO4). Upon completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with diethyl ether (400 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was re-extracted with diethyl ether (300 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (200 mL), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure (volatile product, bath temperature = 25 °C) to afford the crude compound as a black liquid. This material was diluted with diethyl ether (100 mL) and treated with charcoal. The mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite. The Celite pad was extracted with diethyl ether (200 mL). The combined filtrates were concentrated under reduced pressure (volatile product, bath temperature = 25 °C) to afford 3,3-difluorobutan-1-ol as a light yellow liquid (40 g, yield = 71%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 3.87 (t, J = 6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.22 - 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.73 - 1.57 (m, 3H). GCMS purity = 91.3 %; m/z = 110.0. Preparation of 2-Amino-6-(benzyloxy)nicotinic acid Summary scheme: Step 1: Preparation of 2-amino-6-(benzyloxy)nicotinic acid

[0111] To a stirred solution of 2-amino-6-chloronicotinic acid (200 g, 1159 mmol) in benzyl alcohol (1400 mL, 13464 mmol) at 26 °C under N2 atmosphere was added potassium tert-butoxide (390 g, 3477 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to 120 °C and stirred for 16 h at this temperature. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 10% MeOH in DCM, Rf = 0.5). Upon completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (3 L) and extracted with diethyl ether (2 × 1000 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was acidified to pH 4 using aq. citric acid solution (0.5 M). The solid precipitate was collected by filtration and then dried under reduced pressure to give 2-amino-6-(benzyloxy)nicotinic acid as a yellowish-white solid (220 g, yield = 72 %). 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ = 12.56−12.32 (m, 1H), 7.97−7.91 (m, 1H), 7.52−7.41 (m, 2H), 7.38−7.11 (m, 5H), 6.03 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 5.39−5.31 (m, 2H). LCMS purity = 93 %; m/z = 245.29 (M+H). Step 2: Preparation of methyl 2-amino-6-(benzyloxy)nicotinate

[0112] To a stirred solution of 2-amino-6-(benzyloxy)nicotinic acid (220 g, 901 mmol) in DMF (2.5 L) at 26 °C under N2 atmosphere were slowly added potassium carbonate (373 g, 2702 mmol) and iodomethane (0.282 L, 4504 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 27 °C for 16 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 40% EtOAc/Pet, Rf = 0.6). Upon completion, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (5 L). The precipitated solid was isolated by filtration and then dried under vacuum to afford methyl 2-amino-6-(benzyloxy)nicotinate as a yellowish-white solid (220 g, yield = 92%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.00 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.42–7.40 (m, 2H), 7.39–7.35 (m, 2H), 7.34–7.31 (m, 1H), 6.01 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.33 (s, 2H), 3.84 (s, 3H). LCMS purity = 97%, m/z = 259.30 (M+H). Step 3: Preparation of methyl 2-amino-6-hydroxynicotinate

[0113] To a stirred solution of methyl 2-amino-6-(benzyloxy)nicotinate (50 g, 190 mmol) in DCM (500 mL) at 26 °C under a N2 atmosphere were slowly added TFA (800 mL) and triflic acid (25 mL, 282 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 26 °C for 16 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, EtOAc, Rf = 0.2). Upon completion, the volatiles were removed under vacuum to afford the crude product. This material was triturated with diethyl ether (3 × 1000 mL) and the precipitated solid was then isolated by filtration. To the solid was added water (2 L) and the mixture was then stirred for 5 h. The solid was collected by filtration and washed with water. The solid was dried under vacuum to afford methyl 2-amino-6-hydroxynicotinate as a yellowish-white solid (25 g, yield = 78%). 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO- d6) δ = 10.92–10.76 (m, 1H), 7.65 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.43–6.87 (m, 2H), 5.51 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 3.69 (s, 3H). LCMS purity = 99.32%; m/z = 169.32 (M+H). The absence of TFA and triflic acid in the product was confirmed by 19F NMR. The product was used directly in the next step without further purification. Step 4: Preparation of methyl 2-amino-6-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)nicotinate

[0114] To a stirred solution of methyl 2-amino-6-hydroxynicotinate (25 g, 147 mmol) in THF (375 mL) at 0 °C under a N2 atmosphere were added triphenylphosphine (77 g, 294 mmol) and then DIAD (57.2 mL, 294 mmol) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 min at 0 °C, then to the mixture was added dropwise at 0 °C a solution of 3,3-difluorobutan-1-ol (25.3 g, 221 mmol) in THF (125 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to stand at 27 °C and then stirred for 5 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, EtOAc, Rf = 0.5). Upon completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. This material was stirred in MTBE:pet. (1:1, 1 L). The mixture was filtered and the filter pad was extracted with MTBE:pet. (1:1, 4 x 200 mL). The combined filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a light yellow gummy solid. This material was purified by column chromatography using silica gel (100 to 200 mesh), eluted with 10 to 20% EtOAc in pet. The product-containing fractions were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford methyl 2-amino-6-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)nicotinate as a clear yellow liquid (20 g, yield = 48%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 8.05−7.95 (m, 1H), 6.02 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.45 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 2.40−2.22 (m, 2H), 1.68 (t, J = 18.6 Hz, 3H). LCMS purity = 91.1%, m/z = 261.25 (M+H). Step 5: Preparation of acid 2-amino-6-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)nicotinic acid

[0115] To a stirred solution of methyl 2-amino-6-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)nicotinate (5.7 g, 20.81 mmol) in THF (120 mL) and methanol (30 mL) at 26 °C was added a solution of LiOH (2.491 g, 104 mmol) in water (30 mL). The reaction mixture was heated to 70 °C and stirred at this temperature for 16 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 50% EtOAc/Pet Rf = 0.2). Upon completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was dissolved in water (60 mL) and acidified to pH 4 using 1N HCl. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 100 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 2-amino-6-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)nicotinic acid as a brown solid (4.6 g, yield = 87%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ = 11.66−10.84 (m, 1H), 8.12−7.97 (m, 1H), 6.07 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.52−4.36 (m, 2H), 2.41−2.28 (m, 2H), 1.68 (t, J = 18.6 Hz, 3H). LCMS purity = 97.68%, m/z = 247.24 (M+H). Example 3 Preparation: ,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide Summary scheme: tert-butyl methoxybenzyl)methylsulfonamido)-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate

[0116] To a stirred solution of (S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)propanoic acid (50 g, 166 mmol) and 2-amino-6-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)nicotinic acid (41.3 g, 166 mmol) in acetonitrile (1000 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere at -25 °C was added pyridine (47.0 mL, 581 mmol). To the resulting mixture was added 2,4,6-tripropyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatrifosphinane 2,4,6-trioxide (“T3P”, 50 wt % in EtOAc, 494 mL, 830 mmol) dropwise over 15 min. The solution was allowed to warm to 13 °C and then stirred for 5 h. To the solution at 13 °C was added N-(7-amino-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methanesulfonamide (62.3 g, 158 mmol). The reaction mass was then allowed to slowly warm to 27 °C and was then stirred at this temperature for 48 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 50% EtOAc/Pet, Rf = 0.4). Upon completion, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was added dropwise into saturated aqueous NaHCO3 solution (1000 mL) at 0 °C. A white precipitate formed which was collected by vacuum filtration. The isolated solids were washed with water (2 L). Vacuum filtration was continued until most of the residual water was removed from the solids. The solids were then dissolved in DCM (2 L). The solution was dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. This material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 50 to 65% EtOAc in Pet. Fractions containing the desired product were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford tert-butyl (S)-(1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methylsulfonamido)-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate as a yellow foamy solid (50 g, Yield = 31%). The above procedure was repeated seven more times on the same scale to yield a total of 592 g of product. The combined product (592 g) was dissolved in MeOH (1 L). The solution was diluted with n-hexane (6 L). A yellowish-white solid precipitated, and the suspension was then stirred for 20 min. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration while the filtrate was reserved. The solid was dried under vacuum to afford (S)-(1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methylsulfonamido)-1-methyl- 1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)tert-butyl carbamate as a yellowish-white solid (300 g, Yield = 48%) as a yellowish-white solid. The product is a mixture of homochiral atropisomers (diastereomers). LCMS analysis method: Column = X Bridge BEH C18 (50 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.5 μm particles); Mobile phase A = 5 mM Ammonium bicarbonate; Mobile phase B = acetonitrile; Gradient profile (time (min)/% B) = 0/5, 0.5/5, 1.5/15, 7/98, 9/98, 9.5/5, 10/5; Column temp. = 35 °C; Flow rate = 1.3 mL/min. LCMS result: retention time = 6.20 min; observed ion = 888.09 (M+H); LCMS purity = 95 %. Note: The reserved filtrate was concentrated and dried under vacuum to afford the product (120 g, a light yellow solid) which was also used in downstream chemistry separately from the product described above. Step 2: Preparation of (S)-N-((6P)-7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-7-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)-4-oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide

[0117] To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (S)-(1-(3-(4-chloro-3-(N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methylsulfonamido)-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate (95% purity, 300 g, 321 mmol) in DCM (3000 mL) was added at 0 °C trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (900 mL) followed by triflic acid (158 mL, 1782 mmol). The solution was allowed to warm to 27 °C and then stirred for 2 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 80% EtOAc/Pet. Rf = 0.3). Upon completion, volatiles were removed under a gentle stream of nitrogen gas. The residue was added to saturated NaHCO3 solution (1000 mL) at 0 °C. The solution was adjusted to pH ~8 by addition of solid NaHCO3. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (5 × 1000 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product. This material was purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 5 to 10% MeOH in DCM. Fractions containing the desired product were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford (S)-N-(7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-7-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)-4-oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide (211 g, brown foamy solid) as a mixture of homochiral atropisomers (diastereomers, Major: 79% and Minor: 10% by LCMS). The material was dissolved in methanol:acetonitrile (80:20, 1800 mL) and then purified by prep-SFC using the following method: Column = (R,R) WHELK-01 (30 x 250 mm, 5 μm particles); Eluent = CO2:MeOH (60:40); Flow rate = 90 g/min; Backpressure = 100 bar; Detection = 214 nm (UV); Stacking time = 15.5 min; Injection load = 1.125 grams. The pure main peak was collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to give (S)-N-((6P)-7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-7-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)-4-oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide (151 g, Yield = 69%) as a brown solid. The product is a single stereoisomer. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 8.41 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dd, J = 22.4, 7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.05 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.03-6.98 (m, 1H), 6.72 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 4.66-4.63 (m, 2H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.54-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.23 (m, 1H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 2.88-2.82 (m, 1H), 2.56-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.47–2.44 (m, 1H), 1.73 (t, J = 19.0 Hz, 3H); LCMS method: Column = Acquity BEH C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm particles); Mobile phase A = 0.1% formic acid in water; Mobile phase B = 0.1% formic acid in MeCN; Gradient profile (time (min)/% B): 0/3, 0.4/3, 3.2/98, 3.8/98, 4.2/3, 4.5/3; Column temp. = 35 °C; Flow rate: 0.6 mL/min. LCMS result: retention time = 1.93 min; observed ion = 668.05 (M+H); HPLC purity = 98 %; Chiral HPLC purity = 96.9 %. Step 3: Preparation of N-((S)-1-((3P)-3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3- d ]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro- 3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide

[0118] To a stirred solution of (S)-N-((6P)-7-(2-(1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-7-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)-4-oxopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-yl)-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)methanesulfonamide (50 g, 74.1 mmol) in DMF (500 mL) at 27 °C was added 2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (21.75 g, 82 mmol) followed by ... English: N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N‘-ethylcarbodiimide (“EDC-HCl”, 18.47 g, 96 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (“HOBt hydrate”, 13.62 g, 89 mmol), and N-methylmorpholine (65.2 mL, 593 mmol). The reaction mass was stirred for 16 h at 27 °C. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC (SiO2, 50% EtOAc/Pet, Rf = 0.5). Upon completion, the reaction mass was diluted with ice-cold water (1 L) and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration and then dried under vacuum to afford the crude product (77 g) as a yellowish-white solid. This crude product was combined with two additional batches of crude product generated by repeating the procedure on the same scale. Together, the 227 g of crude product were purified by silica gel chromatography eluting with 40 to 50% EtOAc in Pet. Fractions containing the desired product were pooled and concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the purified product (180 g). This purified product was combined with an additional batch of product (25 g) prepared similarly. A portion of the purified product (150 g) was further purified by batch (30 x 5 g) reversed-phase chromatography using the following method: Column = RediSep 275 g, HP C18 (CV 243 mL, 150 mL/min); Mobile phase A = Water:MeCN:TFA (950:50:1); Mobile phase B = Water:MeCN:TFA (50:950:1); Gradient profile (Time (min)/% B) = 3/10, 6/20, 9/30, 12/40, 15/50, 18/60, 42/70 (compounds start to elute), 52/80, 57/100; flow rate = 80 mL/min; column temp. = 26 °C; loading = 5 g each time. Fractions containing pure product were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to remove the acetonitrile component. The aqueous solution was made basic by the addition of saturated NaHCO3 , then extracted with EtOAc (3 × 500 mL). The combined organics were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the desired product (102 g) as a yellowish-white solid. This material was dissolved in EtOAc (200 mL), and the solution was then diluted with n-hexane (1 L). The resulting precipitate was stirred for 2 h at 27 °C and then collected by filtration. The solid was dried under vacuum. Residual solvent was removed by grinding the compound using a mortar and pestle and then keeping the fine solids in an oven at 50 °C for approximately 2 h; English:This trituration and heating process was repeated (~4 to 5 times) until all residual solvents were removed (analyzed by NMR) to afford N-((S)-1-((3P)-3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide as a yellowish-white solid (88.7 g, Yield = 1.25 mmol/L, NaOH). 87%). 1H NMR (DMSO-d6) δ: 9.86 (s, 1H), 9.45 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.44 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.07-6.77 (m, 1H), 6.65 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H), 4.70 (d, J = 16.7 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 4.55 (d, J = 16.7 Hz, 1H), 4.51-4.45 (m, 1H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.42-3.37 (m, 1H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.06-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.56-2.52 (m, 2H), 2.47-2.42 (m, 2H), 1.73 (t, J = 19.2 Hz, 3H), 1.38-1.32 (m, 1H), 0.85-0.81 (m, 1H); LCMS Method: Column = Acquity BEH C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm particles), Mobile phase A = 0.1% formic acid in water; Mobile phase B = 0.1% formic acid in MeCN; Gradient profile (Time (min)/% B) = 0/3, 0.4/3, 7.5/98, 9.5/98, 9.6/3, 10/3; Column temp. = 35 °C; Flow rate = 0.6 mL/min. LCMS result: retention time = 5.05 min; observed ion = 913.97 (M+H); HPLC purity = 99.5 %; Chiral HPLC purity = 99.5 %.

Example 3 Nomenclature:

[0119] The compound of Example 3 as prepared above is a homochiral material that contains axial chirality. Axial chirality can be described using P/M nomenclature as detailed in the IUPAC Gold Book (doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00547). However, at this time, only a limited number of software tools are available that are capable of generating chemical names containing P/M nomenclature, and even fewer options are available for converting chemical names using this nomenclature to structural representations of the molecules. Therefore, for clarity and convenience several names for Example 3 are provided below:

[0120] The name of Example 3 as generated by ChemDraw Professional 16 (missing P/M nomenclature) is: N-((S)-1-(3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide

[0121] The chemical name of Example 3 as generated by JChem for Excel (including P/M nomenclature) is: N-[(1S)-1-[(3P)-3-(4-chloro-3-methanesulfonamido-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)-4-oxo-3H,4H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl]-2-[(2S,4R)-9-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-7,8-diazatricyclo[4,3,0,02,4]nona-1(6),8-dien-7-yl]acetamide

[0122] The chemical name of Example 3 generated by ChemDraw Professional 16 with manually added P/M nomenclature is: N-((S)-1-((3P)-3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-(3,3-difluorobutoxy)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide Preparation of N-[(6P)-7-{2-[(1S)-1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl]-7-hydroxy-4-oxo-3H,4H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl}-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl]-N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]methanesulfonamide Scheme:

Step 1:

[0123] To a suspension of (S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(3,5-difluorophenyl)propanoic acid (5.49 g, 18.23 mmol) and 2-amino-6-(benzyloxy)nicotinic acid (4.45 g, 18.23 mmol) in acetonitrile (92 mL) (yellow solution) at -25 °C was added pyridine (9.83 mL, 122 mmol) followed by 2,4,6-tripropyl-1,3,5,2,4,6-trioxatriphosphine 2,4,6-trioxide (“T3P”, 45.2 mL, 76 mmol). The reaction mixture (became a clear solution after addition of T3P) was stirred at -25 °C to 10 °C for 4.5 h, then N-(7-amino-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methanesulfonamide (6 g, 15.19 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 18 h while warming to rt. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with 1 N NaOH, then water, then 0.5 M citric acid, then water, then dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified on silica (330 g RediSep Gold column) using 0 to 60% ethyl acetate in hexanes in 15 CV, then holding in 60% EtOAc for 10 CV. The desired fractions were combined and concentrated to give a light yellow solid (8.1 g, 9.14 mmol, 60.1% yield), a mixture of tert-butyl N-[(1S)-1-[(3P,3P)-7-(benzyloxy)-3-(4-chloro-3-{N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]methanesulfonamido}-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-3H,4H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl]carbamate (major) and N-[(1S)-1-[(3M,3M)-7-(benzyloxy)-3-(4-chloro-3-{N-[(4- tert-butyl methoxyphenyl)methyl]methanesulfonamido}-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-3H,4H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl]carbamate (minor). LC/MS: m/z = 886.25 [M+1]+.

Step 2:

[0124] TFA (21.1 mL, 274 mmol) was added to a solution of tert-butyl (S)-(1-(7-(benzyloxy)-3-(4-chloro-3-(N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methylsulfonamido)-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)carbamate (Product from Step 1, 8.1 g, 9.14 mmol) in dichloromethane (45.7 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h. The resulting light yellow solution was concentrated. The residue was taken up in ethyl acetate, then washed three times with 1 N NaOH, then dried over Na2SO4, and then concentrated in vacuo to give an oily residue. The residue was purified on silica gel (330 g RediSep Gold column) by a gradient method of Solvent A:Solvent B 65:35^0:100 (2 CV), then 0:100 (9 CV); Solvent A = hexanes; Solvent B = hexanes:ethyl acetate:MeOH 9:9:2. The first (major) eluting isomer was collected and concentrated in vacuo to give N-[(6P)-7-{2-[(1S)-1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl]-7-hydroxy-4-oxo-3H,4H-pyrido[2,3- d ]pyrimidin-3-yl}-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl]-N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]methanesulfonamide (4.1 g, 5.89 mmol, 64.5% yield). 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.86 - 7.98 (m, 1 H) 7.15 - 7.37 (m, 4 H) 6.97 - 7.06 (m, 1 H) 6.70 - 6.89 (m, 4 H) 6.40 - 6.48 (m, 1 H) 4.70 - (m, 2 H) 3.41 - 3.81 (m, 7 H) 3.20 - 3.28 (m, 1 H) 3.08 - 3.12 (m, 3 H) 2.71 - 2.79 (m, 1 H) 1.69 - 2.00 (m, 2 H). LC/MS: m/z = 696.20 [M+1]+. Prepare R)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide

[0125] To a stirred solution of N-[(6P)-7-{2-[(1S)-1-amino-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl]-7-hydroxy-4-oxo-3H,4H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl}-4-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-3-yl]-N-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl]methanesulfonamide (0.926 g, 1.330 mmol) in DMF (13 mL) was added 2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetic acid (0.351 g, 1.330 mmol) mmol), 2-(3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-3-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisouronium hexafluorophosphate(V) (“HATU”, 0.531 g, 1.397 mmol), and DIPEA (0.581 mL, 3.33 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h after which the reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined EtOAc extractions were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO4, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using 10 to 100% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford N-((S)-1-((3P)-3-(4-chloro-3-(N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methylsulfonamido)-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-hydroxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide (1.1 g, 88%) as a White to yellow foamy solid. LC/MS: m/z = 942.25 [M+1]+. Preparation of Example 4: N-((S)-1-((3P)-3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-7-(3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy)-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide

[0126] A solution of diisopropyl (E)-diazene-1,2-dicarboxylate (“DIAD”, 0.125 mL, 0.637 mmol) in THF (0.2 mL) was added dropwise to a mixture of N-(1-((3P)-3-(4-chloro-3-(N-(4-methoxybenzyl)methylsulfonamido)-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-7-hydroxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H- English:cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide (0.2 g, 0.212 mmol), 3,3,3-trifluoropropan-1-ol (0.073 g, 0.637 mmol), and triphenylphosphine (0.178 g, 0.679 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (2.1 mL) at rt. The reaction mixture was stirred for 18 h at rt and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified on silica gel (24 g RediSep Gold column) using a gradient of 0 to 60% ethyl acetate in hexanes over 15 CV, then holding in 60% ethyl acetate in hexanes for 5 CV. Fractions containing pure product were combined and then concentrated to afford a yellow solid. This solid was taken up in DCM (1 mL):TFA (0.5 mL); the solution was cooled to 0 °C; and to the solution was added triflic acid (0.057 mL, 0.637 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 1 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was taken up in ethyl acetate; washed with 1 N NaOH; washed with 0.5 M citric acid; dried over Na2SO4; filtered; and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel (24 g RediSep Gold column) using 0 to 60% ethyl acetate in hexanes for 20 CV, then in 60% ethyl acetate for 10 CV. Fractions containing pure product were combined and then concentrated in vacuo to afford N-(1-((6P)-3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-7-(3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy)-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide (0.078 g, 0.081 mmol, 38.0% yield) as a brown solid. 1H NMR (500 MHz, METHANOL-d4) δ ppm 8.46 - 8.53 (m, 1 H) 7.28 - 7.34 (m, 1 H) 7.19 - 7.24 (m, 1 H) 7.03 - 7.09 (m, 1 H) 6.53 - 6.81 (m, 4 H) 4.80 (dd, J=5.96, 2.98 Hz, 3 H) 4.49 - 4.62 (m, 2 H) 3.58 - 3.62 (m, 3 H) 3.40 - 3.49 (m, 1 H) 3.22 - 3.24 (m, 3 H) 3.06 - 3.14 (m, 1 H) 2.80 - 2.89 (m, 2 H) 2.37 - 2.44 (m, 2 H) 1.32 - 1.37 (m, 1 H) 0.96 - 1.01 (m, 1 H). LCMS Analysis Method: Column = Acquity UPLC BEH C18, 2.1 x 100 mm, 1.7 μm particles; Injection Volume = 5.00 μL; Flow Rate = 0.80 mL/min; Solvent A = Water:MeCN 95:5 w/0.1 % v/v formic acid; Solvent B = Water:MeCN 5:95 w/0.1 % v/v formic acid; Elution Profile = Initial % B: 0, Final % B: 100, Gradient Time: 3.5 min. then hold at 100% B for 1 min.; Detection wavelength 1 = 220 nm, wavelength 2 = 254 nm. LCMS retention time = 3.097 min; m/z = 918.05 [M+1]+.

Example 4 Nomenclature:

[0127] The compound of Example 4 as prepared above is a homochiral material that contains axial chirality. Axial chirality can be described using P/M nomenclature as detailed in the IUPAC Gold Book (doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00547). However, at this time, only a limited number of software tools are available that are capable of generating chemical names containing P/M nomenclature, and even fewer options are available for converting chemical names using this nomenclature to structural representations of the molecules. Therefore, for clarity and convenience several names for Example 4 are provided below:

[0128] The name of Example 4 as generated by ChemDraw Professional 16 (missing P/M nomenclature) is: N-((S)-1-(3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-7-(3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy)-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide

[0129] The chemical name of Example 4 as generated by JChem for Excel (including P/M nomenclature) is: N-[(1S)-1-[(3P,3P)-3-(4-chloro-3-methanesulfonamido-1-methyl-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-7-(3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy)-3H,4H-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl]-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl]-2-[(2S,4R)-9-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-7,8-diazatricyclo[4,3,0,02,4]nona-1(6),8-dien-7-yl]acetamide

[0130] The chemical name of Example 4 generated by ChemDraw Professional 16 with manually added P/M nomenclature is: N-((S)-1-((3P)-3-(4-chloro-1-methyl-3-(methylsulfonamido)-1H-indazol-7-yl)-4-oxo-7-(3,3,3-trifluoropropoxy)-3,4-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethyl)-2-((3bS,4aR)-3-(difluoromethyl)-5,5-difluoro-3b,4,4a,5-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopropa[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-c]pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide

Biological Methods:

[0131] HIV Cell Culture Assay - MT-2 cells, 293T cells, and the NL4-3 virus proviral DNA clone were obtained from the NIH AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program. MT-2 cells were propagated in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 mg/mL penicillin G, and up to 100 units/mL streptomycin. 293T cells were propagated in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated penicillin G, and 100 mg/mL streptomycin. A recombinant NL4-3 proviral clone, in which a section of the nef gene was replaced with the Renilla luciferase gene, was used to generate the reference virus used in these studies. Recombinant virus was prepared by transfecting the recombinant NL4-3 proviral clone into 293T cells using Transit-293 Transfection Reagent from Mirus Bio LLC (Madison, WI). The supernatant was harvested after 2 to 3 days and the amount of virus present was titrated on MT-2 cells using luciferase enzyme activity as a marker by measuring luciferase enzyme activity. Luciferase was quantified using EnduRen Live Cell Substrate from Promega (Madison, WI). The antiviral activities of the compounds towards the recombinant virus were quantified by measuring luciferase activity in MT-2 cells infected for 4 to 5 days with the recombinant virus in the presence of serial dilutions of the compound.

[0132] The 50% effective concentration (EC50) was calculated using the exponential form of the median effect equation where (Fa) = 1/[1+ (ED50/drug conc.)m] (Johnson VA, Byington RT. Infectivity Assay. In Techniques in HIV Research. ed. Aldovini A, Walker BD. 71-76. New York: Stockton Press.1990). The 50% inhibitory concentration (EC50) was calculated using the exponential form of the median effect equation where percent inhibition = 1/[1 + (EC50/drug conc.)m], where m is a parameter reflecting the slope of the concentration-response curve.

[0133] Compound cytotoxicity and corresponding CC50 values were determined using the same protocol as described in the antiviral assay except that uninfected cells were used. Cytotoxicity was assessed on day 4 in uninfected MT2 cells using an XTT (2,3-bis[2-Methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt)-based colorimetric assay (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, Mo).

Procedure for measuring pharmacokinetic parameters in an in vivo subcutaneous experiment (Formulation A):

[0134] To a 20 mL vial loaded with Example 1 (320 mg) was added PEG 300 (0.906 mL). The mixture was sonicated to provide a clear solution. To the solution was added water (0.160 mL) to provide a slightly cloudy solution. The mixture was sonicated for 5 minutes to provide a clear solution. The resulting solution is “Formulation A” and the concentration of the solution is 21.3 w/w % Example 1, 68.1 w/w % PEG 300, and 10.6 w/w % water.

[0135] “Formulation A” was administered to Han Wistar Rats as a subcutaneous injection at a dose of 0.167 mL/kg. Blood samples were collected 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, 24, 48, 72 hours post-dose and on Day 6, 8, 12, 15, 19, 22, 26, 29, 33, 36, 40, 43, 47, 50, 54, 57, 61. Blood samples were collected in K2EDTA tubes and centrifuged at 1500 to 2000 xg to obtain plasma. Plasma samples were stored at -80 °C until LC-MS/MS analysis. All in vitro samples were injected into an MDS Sciex API 4000 triple-quadrupole LC-MS/MS system. The analytical column used was a Phenomenex Kinetex® 2.6 μm PS (C18, 2.1 mm x 50 mm, 2.6 μm) maintained at room temperature. Mobile phase A consisted of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in MilliQ purified water. Mobile phase B consisted of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in acetonitrile. The flow rate was 0.70 mL/min. The gradient was as follows: Mobile B was held for 0.5 min at 35% and then increased linearly from 35% to 98% over 1.5 min, held at 98% for 0.5 min, and held at 35% for 0.5 min. The results of the PK experiment are described in Table 1 and Figure 1. Table 1. Plasma concentration vs. time data for a study evaluating “Formulation A” administered to rats subcutaneously at a dose of 0.167 mL/kg (n = 3). LOD = Limit of detection

[0136] The disclosure is not limited to the foregoing illustrative examples and the examples are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, reference being made to the appended claims rather than to the foregoing examples, and all changes which are within the meaning and range of equivalence of the claims are therefore to be embraced.

Claims (19)

1. Pharmaceutical composition CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a solvent or diluent selected from the group consisting of water, an alcohol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), ethyl lactate, propylene glycol, glycofurol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). 2. Pharmaceutical composition, according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it further comprises an excipient selected from the group consisting of polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, poloxamer 188, poloxamer 207, poloxamer 338, sodium chloride, and sodium hydroxide. 3. Pharmaceutical composition, according to claim 1 or 2, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it is a solution. 4. Pharmaceutical composition, according to claim 1 or 2, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it is a suspension. 5. Pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises water. 6. Pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises polyethylene glycol (PEG). 7. Pharmaceutical composition according to claim 6, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the average molecular weight of PEG is about 300 (PEG 300). 8. Pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises ethanol. 9. Pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 2 to 8, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises poloxamer 188. 10. Pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 2 to 9, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises sodium hydroxide. 11. Pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 2 to 10, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least 90% by weight of the solvents or diluents are water and PEG 300. 12. Pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 2 to 11, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that at least 90% by weight of the excipient is poloxamer 188. 13. Pharmaceutical composition, according to claim 11, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that water is present in the composition from 8 to 20% by weight and PEG 300 is present in the composition from 60 to 85% by weight. 14. Pharmaceutical composition, according to claim 13, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that water is present in the composition from 8 to 12% by weight and PEG 300 is present in the composition from 63 to 70% by weight. 15. Pharmaceutical composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is present in the composition at a concentration of 50 to 500 mg/mL, based on the weight of the free compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id. 16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15, wherein the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is present in the composition at a concentration of 225 to 275 mg/mL, based on the weight of the free compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id. 17. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15, wherein the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is present in the composition at a concentration of 275 to 350 mg/mL, based on the weight of the free compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id. 18. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15, wherein the compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is present in the composition at a concentration of 350 to 425 mg/mL, based on the weight of the free compound of Formula Ia, Formula Ib, Formula Ic, or Formula Id. 19. Use of the pharmaceutical composition, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 18, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it is in the manufacture of a medicament to treat an HIV infection.