CN101353582B - Fast pyrolysis method and device for solid heat carrier - Google Patents
Fast pyrolysis method and device for solid heat carrier Download PDFInfo
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- CN101353582B CN101353582B CN2007101194767A CN200710119476A CN101353582B CN 101353582 B CN101353582 B CN 101353582B CN 2007101194767 A CN2007101194767 A CN 2007101194767A CN 200710119476 A CN200710119476 A CN 200710119476A CN 101353582 B CN101353582 B CN 101353582B
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Abstract
本发明涉及固体热载体快速热解方法及装置，包括循环流化床燃烧室、旋风分离器、气动热灰分配器、热解室和差速床返料装置；燃料在循环流化床燃烧室中燃烧，被旋风分离器捕集的烟气中的高温循环灰被气动控制的热灰分配器分成两部分，一部分作为固体热载体进入移动床热解室，为燃料热解提供热量，另一部分高温循环灰不进入热解室，与热解室底部排出的半焦及循环灰一起经差速床返料装置返回燃烧室。本发明所提供的固体热载体快速热解方法和装置，可将高温循环灰在燃烧和热解回路之间稳定可靠的分配，热解室温度可控；带有热灰冷却器，增强燃烧与热解之间的平衡能力，燃料适应性良好。本发明的方法和装置可用于煤、生物质及其它含碳废弃物的热解。
The invention relates to a fast pyrolysis method and device for a solid heat carrier, comprising a circulating fluidized bed combustion chamber, a cyclone separator, a pneumatic hot ash distributor, a pyrolysis chamber and a differential bed return device; the fuel is in the circulating fluidized bed combustion chamber Combustion, the high-temperature circulating ash in the flue gas captured by the cyclone separator is divided into two parts by the pneumatically controlled hot ash distributor, one part enters the moving bed pyrolysis chamber as a solid heat carrier to provide heat for fuel pyrolysis, and the other part high-temperature circulation The ash does not enter the pyrolysis chamber, and returns to the combustion chamber through the differential bed return device together with the semi-coke and circulating ash discharged from the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber. The solid heat carrier rapid pyrolysis method and device provided by the present invention can distribute the high-temperature circulating ash between the combustion and pyrolysis circuits stably and reliably, and the temperature of the pyrolysis chamber is controllable; it is equipped with a hot ash cooler to enhance combustion and pyrolysis. The balance ability between pyrolysis and fuel adaptability is good. The method and device of the present invention can be used for pyrolysis of coal, biomass and other carbon-containing wastes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pyrolysis of coal method and a kind of pyrolysis of coal device.
Technical background
There are two kinds of forms pyrolysis of coal chamber commonly used at present, i.e. moving-bed gasification chamber and bubbling bed vaporizer.In the moving-bed gasification chamber, semicoke returns the combustion chamber and often adopts from stream mode, the residence time of the uncontrollable material of this mode in vaporizer, has influenced the transformation efficiency of carbon; And the material returning device on the regular circulation fluidized-bed combustion boiler is not suitable for herein yet, because the particle diameter of semicoke is much larger than boiler circulating ash particle diameter, flowability also differs widely.Bubbling bed vaporizer can be controlled the returning charge of material easily, but because fluidizing gas velocity is higher than moving-bed, the particle of being carried secretly by elutriation increases greatly, has increased flying dust and has contained carbon loss, has also increased the foreign matter content in the coal gas.Simultaneously, existing fluidized-bed coal gas-steam co-producing technology, the mode that adopts circulating ash all to enter vaporizer makes burning and gasification be difficult to control respectively coal gas and steam productive rate independent regulation difficulty more.
Chinese invention patent 92100912 provides a kind of production method and device of dry distillation gas, and its device mainly comprises circular fluid bed, fluidized bed dryer, dry distiller and material pneumatic conveying system.Circulating ash partly or entirely enters dry distiller, and by the ash amount that the control of ash amount adjustment doors enters dry distiller, this mechanical type ash amount adjustment doors is at high temperature worked, and cost, life-span and reliability are all very undesirable.Circulating ash and coal are sent into two inlets on the dry distiller respectively, are difficult for mixing in dry distiller, have reduced efficiency of carbon conversion.The semicoke and the circulating ash of discharging from the destructive distillation chamber are sent burner hearth by forced air back to pneumatic conveying mode, and required air quantity is big, and the speed height easily causes the burning of semicoke in transfer lime, and bigger to the transfer lime wearing and tearing.
Chinese invention patent 200410070766.3 discloses a kind of coal gas-steam combined production method and a kind of circular fluid bed with the pyrolysis chamber, utilize hot grey divider with the high-temp circulating ash separated into two parts, a part is directly returned the combustion chamber, another part enters the moving bed pyrolysis chamber with coal, pyrolysis after coal and the circulating ash blending, the semicoke of generation returns combustion chambers burn; The gentle control of dividing out of will burning of this method and apparatus can be regulated coal gas and steam productive rate separately.But the two passes pressure reduction that returns burner hearth owing to circulating ash is bigger, and this can bring certain influence to the operation of the grey distribution valve of heat.In addition, the coal that adopts when reality is with the design coal difference when big, and the burning heat release may encounter difficulties the means of existing method shortage adjusting with coupling between the pyrolysis institute heat requirement.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective of prior art, a kind of solid heat carrier rapid pyrolysis method is provided, this method can realize more stably distributing of coal high-temp circulating ash between burning and pyrolysis loop, and has the system temperature regulating measure, possesses stronger fuel tolerance.
Another object of the present invention provides the solid heat carrier rapid pyrolysis device, can realize more stably distributing of coal high-temp circulating ash between burning and pyrolysis loop, and have the system temperature regulating measure, possesses stronger fuel tolerance.
Technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of solid heat carrier rapid pyrolysis method, its fuel burns in circulating fluidized bed combustor, high-temp circulating ash in the flue gas that is captured by cyclonic separator is by the hot grey divider separated into two parts of pneumatic control, a part enters the moving bed pyrolysis chamber as solid thermal carriers, for fuel thermal decomposition provides heat, another part high-temp circulating ash does not enter the pyrolysis chamber, returns the combustion chamber with semicoke and the circulating ash that discharge the bottom, pyrolysis chamber through differential bed material-returning device.
Described solid heat carrier rapid pyrolysis method, its described part does not enter the high-temp circulating ash of pyrolysis chamber, after the hot ash cooler of flowing through is emitted heat, returns the combustion chamber with semicoke and the circulating ash that discharge the bottom, pyrolysis chamber through differential bed material-returning device.
The solid heat carrier rapid pyrolysis device that a kind of described method is used comprises hot grey divider, moving bed pyrolysis chamber and the differential bed material-returning device of the circulating fluidized bed combustor that links to each other successively, cyclonic separator, pneumatic control;
Wherein, hot grey divider comprises a feed zone and a returning charge section; This returning charge section communicates with the top, pyrolysis chamber; Differential bed material-returning device feed zone communicates with the bottom, pyrolysis chamber, and differential bed material-returning device returning charge section communicates with the bottom, combustion chamber;
The grey divider of its described heat also comprises another returning charge section, and another returning charge section of hot grey divider is connected with pyrolysis chamber's outlet at bottom.
Described solid heat carrier rapid pyrolysis device, its described solid heat carrier rapid pyrolysis device also comprises a hot ash cooler, on another returning charge section that this hot ash cooler is arranged at hot grey divider and the pipeline section that pyrolysis chamber's outlet at bottom is communicated with.
Solid heat carrier rapid pyrolysis method provided by the present invention and device can be with high-temp circulating ash reliable and stable distribution between burning and pyrolysis loop, pyrolysis chamber's Controllable Temperature; Have hot ash cooler, strengthen the balanced capacity between burning and the pyrolysis, fuel tolerance is good.Method and apparatus of the present invention can be used for the pyrolysis of coal, biomass and other carbonaceous refuse.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the hot grey divider component diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the differential bed material-returning device component diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of the embodiment of the invention 2.
Embodiment
Solid heat carrier rapid pyrolysis method provided by the invention is:
Fuel burns in circulating fluidized bed combustor, high-temp circulating ash in the flue gas that is captured by cyclonic separator is by the hot grey divider separated into two parts of pneumatic control, a part enters the moving bed pyrolysis chamber as solid thermal carriers, for fuel thermal decomposition provides heat, another part high-temp circulating ash does not enter the pyrolysis chamber, returns the combustion chamber with semicoke and the circulating ash that discharge the bottom, pyrolysis chamber through differential bed material-returning device;
The high-temp circulating ash that an above-mentioned part does not enter the pyrolysis chamber is flowed through after hot ash cooler emits heat, returns the combustion chamber with semicoke and the circulating ash that discharge the bottom, pyrolysis chamber through differential bed material-returning device.
Please refer to Fig. 1,2 and Fig. 3, solid heat carrier rapid pyrolysis device provided by the invention comprises:
The hot grey divider 3 of the circulating fluidized bed combustor 1 of Xiang Lianing, cyclonic separator 2, pneumatic control, moving bed pyrolysis chamber 4 and differential bed material-returning device 5 successively;
The grey divider 3 of heat comprises a feed zone 31 and two returning charge sections 32,33; Returning charge section 33 communicates with 4 tops, pyrolysis chamber; Another returning charge section 32 of the grey divider 3 of heat is connected with pyrolysis chamber's 4 outlet at bottoms;
Differential bed material-returning device 5 feed zones 51 communicate with 4 bottoms, pyrolysis chamber, and returning charge section 52 communicates with 1 bottom, combustion chamber.
Above-mentioned solid heat carrier rapid pyrolysis device also comprises a hot ash cooler 6, and this hot ash cooler 6 is arranged on hot grey divider 3 returning charge sections 32 and the pipeline section that pyrolysis chamber's 4 outlet at bottoms are communicated with.
Principle of the present invention is:
32,33, one sections of the two returning charge sections of the grey divider 3 of heat are led to 4, one sections of pyrolysis chambers and are directly led to combustion chamber 1 without the pyrolysis chamber, have formed two material circulation loops of burning and pyrolysis.In service, regulate the control air quantity of hot grey divider 3, can regulate the ratio that high-temp circulating ash enters two returning charge sections 32,33, thereby the heat ash is directly returned between the combustion chamber 1 as thermal barrier with without pyrolysis chamber 4 and distributes entering pyrolysis chamber 4; Regulate the control air quantity of differential bed material-returning device 5, can regulate the material of pyrolysis chamber 4 and discharge flow rate, the fuel amount of feeding of pyrolysis chamber 4 can be regulated simultaneously, thus realize to material in the pyrolysis chamber 4 residence time and pyrolysis chamber's 4 temperature controlling.During the low temperature of temperature about 600 ℃ of control pyrolysis chamber 4, the separable tar that goes out higher proportion of the pyrolysis gas of generation is realized pyrolysis oil preparation.
Burning and the parallel connection of two material circulation loops of pyrolysis, before the differential bed material-returning device 5 of combustion chamber 1 loopback material, converging, the operating pressure balance that makes 3 liang of outlets of hot grey divider has guaranteed that hot grey distribution valve has reliable distribution function and good adjusting function.
In order to make system have better fuel tolerance, directly returning in the circulating ash loop of combustion chamber 1 without pyrolysis chamber 4, a hot ash cooler 6 is set.When the change of fuel, the combustion side liberated heat is if surpass the required heat of pyrolysis side, and the working medium in the hot ash cooler 6 can sponge this part heat, reduces the temperature of circulating ash; This part heat can be used for producing hot water or steam.
Circulating fluidized bed combustor 1 can be adiabatic, main production pyrolysis gas and tar; Also can arrange heating surface, produce steam simultaneously, realize steam-coal gas coproduction.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
As shown in Figure 1, fuel burns in circulating fluidized bed combustor 1, high-temp circulating ash in the flue gas that is captured by cyclonic separator 2 is by hot grey divider 3 separated into two parts of pneumatic control, a part enters moving bed pyrolysis chamber 4 as solid thermal carriers, for the fuel thermal decomposition in the pyrolysis chamber 4 provides heat, pyrolysis gas 4 is drawn from the pyrolysis chamber; Another part circulating ash does not enter pyrolysis chamber 4, returns combustion chamber 1 with semicoke and the circulating ash that discharge 4 bottoms, pyrolysis chamber through differential bed material-returning device 5.
Solid heat carrier rapid pyrolysis device of the present invention comprises: the hot grey divider 3 of the circulating fluidized bed combustor 1 of Xiang Lianing, cyclonic separator 2, pneumatic control, moving bed pyrolysis chamber 4 and differential bed material-returning device 5 successively; The grey divider 3 of heat comprises a feed zone 31 and two returning charge sections 32,33; Returning charge section 33 communicates with 4 tops, pyrolysis chamber, and another returning charge section 32 is connected with pyrolysis chamber's 4 outlet at bottoms; Differential bed material-returning device 5 feed zones 51 communicate with 4 bottoms, pyrolysis chamber, and returning charge section 52 communicates with 1 bottom, combustion chamber.
As shown in Figure 4, embodiment 2 and embodiment 1 different are to have increased a hot ash cooler 6.
Fuel burns in circulating fluidized bed combustor 1, high-temp circulating ash in the flue gas that is captured by cyclonic separator 2 is by hot grey divider 3 separated into two parts of pneumatic control, a part enters moving bed pyrolysis chamber 4 as solid thermal carriers, for fuel thermal decomposition provides heat, another part circulating ash does not enter pyrolysis chamber 4, after hot ash cooler 6 is emitted heat, return combustion chamber 1 through differential bed material-returning device 5 with semicoke and the circulating ash that discharge 4 bottoms, pyrolysis chamber.
Solid heat carrier rapid pyrolysis device provided by the invention comprises: the hot grey divider 3 of the circulating fluidized bed combustor 1 of Xiang Lianing, cyclonic separator 2, pneumatic control, moving bed pyrolysis chamber 4 and differential bed material-returning device 5 successively; The grey divider 3 of heat comprises a feed zone 31 and two returning charge sections 32,33; Returning charge section 33 communicates with 4 tops, pyrolysis chamber, and another returning charge section 32 is connected with pyrolysis chamber's 4 outlet at bottoms; Differential bed material-returning device 5 feed zones 51 communicate with 4 bottoms, pyrolysis chamber, and returning charge section 52 communicates with 1 bottom, combustion chamber; Also comprise a hot ash cooler 6, this hot ash cooler 6 is arranged on hot grey divider 3 returning charge sections 32 and the pipeline section that pyrolysis chamber's 4 outlet at bottoms are communicated with.
Claims (4)
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| CN2007101194767A CN101353582B (en) | 2007-07-25 | 2007-07-25 | Fast pyrolysis method and device for solid heat carrier |
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| CN2007101194767A CN101353582B (en) | 2007-07-25 | 2007-07-25 | Fast pyrolysis method and device for solid heat carrier |
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| CN101353582B true CN101353582B (en) | 2010-12-01 |
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Cited By (4)
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| US9347005B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2016-05-24 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material |
| US9410091B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2016-08-09 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Preparing a fuel from liquid biomass |
| US9422478B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 | 2016-08-23 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Char-handling processes in a pyrolysis system |
| US9441887B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2016-09-13 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Heat removal and recovery in biomass pyrolysis |
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