CN102144536A - Method for crossbreeding and aseptic sowing of renanthera coccinea - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for aseptic sowing and hybrid breeding of flame orchids. It selects Orchidaceae plants with obvious characteristics and high ornamental value as the female parent of the hybrid, uses the Flame Orchid as the male parent, and performs hybridization. When the fruit obtained by successful pollination is basically mature and uncracked, it is fertilized on the seed germination medium. Bacteria sowing, seeds germinated and then transferred to strong seedling medium for cultivation, the formed test-tube seedlings are cultivated in bottles after 10-20 days of hardening under natural light, and the transplanting survival rate of mature seedlings can reach more than 90%. The invention has the characteristics of high hybridization success rate, and is particularly effective when some orchids with obvious characteristics and high ornamental value, which are different from the florescence of the flame orchid hybrid parents, are hybrid parents. The invention adopts a unique culture medium and a cultivation method, so that the flame orchid hybrid seeds have high germination rate, rapid seedling growth and good seedling quality. The invention has the advantages of strong operability, high breeding efficiency and application value.

Description

A kind of hybrid breeding and aseptic sowing method of flame orchid

Technical field:

The invention relates to a plant hybrid breeding method, in particular to a flame orchid hybrid breeding and aseptic sowing method.

Background technique:

There are about 21 species of Reanathera plants in the world, which are epiphytic or semi-epithytic plants. They are distributed from Southeast Asia to the Himalayas, including South China. There are 3 species native to China, of which Ren. Coccinea is produced in In Guangdong and Hainan, the plants grow tall and vigorous. Yunnan Flame Orchid (Ren.imschootiana) and Chinese Flame Orchid (Ren. sinica) are produced in Yunnan. Flame orchid grows vigorously, has bright colors, numerous flowers, and looks like a flame from a distance. It has high horticultural application value and breeding value. It is a very popular high-end flower in the international flower market and has a large number of lovers in the world. And because its growth environment is tropical and subtropical, it is suitable for cultivation in South China. In the future, it is hoped that its breeding and production base will be established in South China to form industries similar to Phalaenopsis and Dendrobium. Flame orchid has become one of the endangered plant species in the world, and all wild species are included in the appendix of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and trade is prohibited.

Compared with the native species, the flame orchid hybrid has more beautiful flower shape, strong growth potential and stress resistance, and is more colorful than the native species in terms of flower color. It can also be traded in the international market, and has now become the leader of the world's flame orchid industry. It is a mainstream product, but the cross-breeding of flame orchids in my country has just started, and the flame orchid industry has broad market prospects.

Although the flame orchid has a high hybrid affinity, it has the problem of not meeting the flowering period when it is hybridized with other orchids. At the same time, some distant hybrids cannot be carried out due to the not meeting the flowering period. In addition, it has been reported that low temperature preservation of pollen of other plants often occurs Mildew problems lead to pollen preservation failure. Due to the incomplete development of the embryos of flame orchid hybrid seeds, the germination rate is extremely low in the natural state, and sterile sowing is required for seedling production.

Invention content:

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for hybrid breeding of flame orchids and a method for aseptic sowing with high germination rate, fast seedling growth and good seedling quality.

The present invention selects Orchidaceae plants with obvious characteristics and high ornamental value as the female parent of the hybrid, uses the Flame Orchid as the male parent, and performs hybridization, and when the fruit obtained by pollination is basically mature and uncracked, it is fertilized on the seed germination medium without dehiscence. Bacteria sowing, seeds germinated and then transferred to strong seedling medium for cultivation, the formed test-tube seedlings were hardened under natural light for 10-20 days and then cultivated in bottles. The transplanting survival rate of mature seedlings can reach more than 90%, thus realizing purpose of the present invention.

The method for hybrid breeding and aseptic sowing of flame orchid of the present invention is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

(1): Artificial pollination: with Orchidaceae as the female parent and Flame Orchid as the male parent, collect the pollen of the male parent and confer it on the stigma of the female parent, and carry out bagging to prevent the interference of foreign pollen;

(2): Aseptic sowing: when the hybrid capsule produced by the female parent is basically mature and the fruit is not cracked, wipe the fruit clean, and soak it in 70-75% alcohol solution for 2-3 minutes with the volume fraction successively, Disinfect in 0.1%-0.2% mercuric chloride solution for 20-30 minutes, rinse with sterile water for 4-5 times, dry the water on the surface of the fruit, cut the fruit, and inoculate the powdered seeds into the Cultured on seed germination medium, seeds germinate to form protocorms first, and then grow into seedlings. The seed germination medium contains 1-3.0 g of Huabao No. 1, 0.5-2.0 g of peptone, and 100-150 mL of coconut juice per liter. , sucrose 20~30g, agar 6~7g, activated carbon 0.5~1.0g, inositol 80~120mg, glycine 1.5~2.5mg, thiamine hydrochloride 0.05~0.2mg, pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.4~0.8mg, niacin 0.4 ~0.8mg, the balance is water, pH 5.4~5.8; from seed inoculation to seed germination medium for cultivation, generally 30~90 days for seed germination to form protocorms, 90~180 days for further formation of seedlings, seed germination rate 60~90 %, the seedling rate is 55-90%;

(3): Strong seedling cultivation: the seedlings obtained by aseptic sowing are inoculated on the strong seedling medium for cultivation, and strong plants can be formed in 120 to 180 days. The described strong seedling medium is Hanhuabao No. 1 per liter. ～3.0g, peptone 0.5～2.0g, naphthaleneacetic acid 0.5～1.0mg, banana homogenate 50～100g, coconut juice 50～100mL, sucrose 15～20g, agar 6～7g, activated carbon 0.5～2.0g, inositol 80～ 120mg, glycine 1.5~2.5mg, thiamine hydrochloride 0.05~0.2mg, pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.4~0.8mg, nicotinic acid 0.4~0.8mg, the balance is water, pH 5.4~5.8;

(4): Transplanting of test-tube seedlings: When the seedlings grow into plants 5-8cm high, transfer the culture bottle to the natural light for 10-20 days to harden the seedlings, then take them out, wash the medium of the roots, and transfer them into bluestone : sawdust: bark is cultivated in a mixed substrate with a volume ratio of 2 to 3:1 to 2:1 to 2; conventional management, proper ventilation and sufficient humidity are maintained, and the survival rate of transplanting can reach more than 90%;

The culture conditions in the above steps (2) and (3) are: culture temperature 24-28° C., illuminance 1500-2000 lx, light 12-16 hours/day.

In the artificial pollination step, when the flowering period of the female parent and the male parent are the same, the pollen of the male parent is directly pollinated on the stigma of the female parent 2 to 4 days after the flowers of the female parent are unfolded.

In the artificial pollination step, when the flowering period of the female parent and the male parent do not meet, the pollen block is collected at the full flowering stage of the male parent Flame Orchid, and the collection timing is selected when the flame orchid flower petals have just unfolded, and the collection time is selected at 8-8 am. At 9 o'clock, collect pollen and put it in a sterile plastic tube, seal it and store it in the dark at 4°C. When the female parent blooms, thaw the pollen of the male parent stored at low temperature at 15-35°C for 20-30 minutes, and then Add sterilized water to the plastic tube where the pollen is placed, soak and rewet the pollen for 20-30 minutes, and then transfer the viable pollen to the stigma of the female parent. The flame orchid pollen is preserved according to the above method, and the preservation time of the flame orchid pollen can reach 3 to 10 months. The pollen viability can be tested by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining method to measure the pollen viability, and after confirming the vigor of the pollen, transfer it to the stigma of the female parent. The above-mentioned clean and low-temperature preservation of viable flame orchid pollen, thawing and rehumidification of pollen before pollination and other technologies solve the problem of mildew during pollen storage and the hindrance of cross-pollination of varieties and plants of different flowering stages, thus providing Lay the foundation for the breeding of new varieties of Flame Orchid.

The collected pollen is placed in a sterile plastic tube, sealed and stored in the dark at 4°C. Preferably, the steps are: use a sterile toothpick to gently pick off the medicinal cap of the flower, and then use a sterile toothpick to remove the pollen block Adhere to the tip of the toothpick and quickly put the pollen cubes into a clean and sterile 1ml centrifuge tube, put the pollen cubes of 1 flower in each tube, put the pollen cubes in the centrifuge tube and put them in a sterile glass bottle Get it up, seal it well, and store it at 4°C in the dark.

The fruits of different flame orchid hybrids have different maturity periods after pollination, but most of the flame orchid hybrid seeds can germinate 4 months after pollination, reach the peak of germination at 5 to 6 months, and then decline, but with Orchid genus It takes 10 to 12 months for the fruit of the hybrid flame orchid to mature. Generally, the best germination period of flame orchid hybrid seeds is when the fruit is basically mature and the fruit is not cracked.

In the aseptic sowing step of step (2), it is preferred to inoculate the protocorm formed earlier by seed germination on the differentiation medium, so that the protocorm forms a seedling on the differentiation medium, and the differentiation medium is in the seed germination medium Add 5.0 mg of 6-benzyl adenine per liter on the basis of the culture conditions: culture temperature 24-28 ° C, light intensity 1500-2000 lx, light 12-16 hours/day.

The female parent orchid plant is preferably: Doritis pulcherrima, Vandacoerulescens or Cymbidium ensifolium.

The Huabao No. 1 used in the medium of steps (2) and (3) can be purchased from the market.

The invention has the characteristics of high hybridization success rate, and is particularly effective when some orchids with obvious characteristics and high ornamental value, which are different from the flame orchid hybrid parents in flowering period, are hybrid parents. The invention adopts a unique culture medium and a cultivation method, so that the flame orchid hybrid seeds have high germination rate, rapid seedling growth and good seedling quality. The invention has the advantages of strong operability, high breeding efficiency and application value.

Detailed ways:

The following is a further description of the present invention, rather than a limitation of the present invention.

The Huabao No. 1 (HYPONeX 1) used in the embodiment is produced in the United States, and it is a subpackaged product of Taiwan Taihe Gardening Enterprise Co., Ltd.

Example 1:

Hybrid Breeding and Seedling Propagation of Doritis pulcherrima and Renanthera imschootiana

(1) Artificial pollination: Yunnan Flame Orchid blooms in early March, collect pollen when its single flower petals just unfold, use a sterilized toothpick to gently pick off the medicinal cap of the flower at 8-9 in the morning, and then use the toothpick to remove the pollen. The pollen block sticks to the tip of the toothpick and quickly put the pollen block into a clean and sterile 1ml EP tube (centrifuge tube), put the pollen block of 1 flower in each tube, put the pollen block in the EP tube and use a sterile The glass bottles were packed together and sealed well, and finally the glass bottles filled with pollen were placed at 4°C and protected from light. After the flame orchid pollen was preserved for 3 months, when the female parent orchid orchid bloomed in early June of that year, the pollen of the flame orchid preserved at low temperature was thawed and rehumidified to restore and improve the vitality of the pollen. First thaw the flame orchid pollen stored at low temperature at room temperature (35°C) for 20 minutes, then add a few drops of sterile water to the EP tube where the pollen block is placed for 20 minutes of rehumidification, and finally use triphenyl tetrachloride The viability of the pollen was measured by the nitrogen azole staining method, and the vigor of the pollen was confirmed, and it was conferred on the stigma of the female parent. After pollination, remove the lip flaps of the female parent and bag them. After about 1 week, remove the bag and hang a label. The label has information such as the name of the parent, the name of the female parent, the date of hybridization, and the pollinator. Pay attention to observe its development, count the success rate of pollination in 3 months, and the seed setting rate all reaches more than 90%. When the fruit turns orange-yellow and reaches basic maturity without cracking, it can be collected and carried out aseptic sowing.

(2) Sterile sowing: the fruit 5 months after pollination is first wiped clean with alcohol cotton to clean the surface dirt of the fruit, and then soaked in 70% alcohol solution for 2 minutes with a volume fraction, and then placed in a liter of 0.1% mass fraction Disinfect in mercury solution for 30 minutes, rinse with sterile water for 5 times, dry the water on the surface of the fruit with sterile filter paper, cut the fruit, inoculate the powdered seed embryos on the seed germination medium, the success rate of disinfection is over 95%, Seeds swelled and turned green in 20 days, seeds germinated to form protocorms in 30 days, and seedlings were further formed in 90 days. The seed germination rate is 90%, and the seedling rate is 90%. Seed germination medium contains 2.0g of Huabao No. 1, 2.0g of peptone, 100mL of coconut milk, 20g of sucrose, 6g of agar, 1.0g of activated carbon, 80mg of inositol, 2.5mg of glycine, 0.05mg of thiamine hydrochloride, and 0.05mg of pyridine hydrochloride per liter. Pyridoxine 0.8mg, niacin 0.4mg, the balance is water, pH 5.8.

(3) Strong seedling cultivation: the seedlings obtained by aseptic sowing are inoculated on the strong seedling medium for cultivation, and strong plants can be formed in 120 days. The seedling growth medium contains 3.0 g of Huabao No. 1, 2.0 g of peptone, 1 mg of naphthalene acetic acid, 80 g of banana homogenate, 50 mL of coconut milk, 15 g of sucrose, 6 g of agar, 2.0 g of activated carbon, 80 mg of inositol, and 80 mg of glycine per liter. 2.5mg, thiamine hydrochloride 0.05mg, pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.8mg, niacin 0.4mg, the balance is water, pH 5.8.

(4) Transplanting of test-tube seedlings: when the plant is about 5-8 cm high, transfer the culture bottle to natural light for 15 days to harden the seedlings, then take it out from the glass bottle, clean the medium at the root, and move it into bluestone: The survival rate of transplanting can reach more than 95% in the mixed substrate of sawdust: bark with a volume ratio of 2:1:1, routine management, proper ventilation and sufficient humidity.

The culture conditions in step (2) and step (3) are culture temperature 24° C., illuminance 2000 lx, light 12 hours/day.

Example 2:

Cross Breeding and Seedling Propagation of Vanda coerulescens and Renanthera imschootiana

(1) Artificial pollination: Yunnan Flame Orchid blooms in early March. Collect pollen when the petals of its single flower have just unfolded. The toothpick sticks the pollen block to the tip of the toothpick and quickly puts the pollen block into a clean and sterile 1ml EP tube, puts the pollen block of one flower in each tube, puts the pollen block in the EP tube and concentrates it in a sterile glass bottle Pack it up and seal it well, and finally place the glass bottle filled with pollen at 4°C and keep it away from light. After the flame orchid pollen has been stored for 6 months, when the female parent floret Vanda orchid blooms in early September of that year, the low-temperature preserved flame orchid pollen will be thawed and rehumidified to restore and improve the vitality of the pollen. First thaw the flame orchid pollen stored at low temperature at room temperature (30°C) for 25 minutes, then add a few drops of sterile water to the EP tube where the pollen cubes are placed for 25 minutes of rehumidification, and finally use triphenyltetrazolium chloride The viability of the pollen was determined by the azole staining method, and the vigor of the pollen was confirmed, and it was conferred on the stigma of the female parent. After pollination, remove the lip flaps of the female parent and bag them. After about 1 week, remove the bag and hang a label. The label has information such as the name of the parent, the name of the female parent, the date of hybridization, and the pollinator. Pay attention to observe its development, count the success rate of pollination in 3 months, and the seed setting rate all reaches more than 80%. When the fruit turns orange-yellow, it can be collected and carried out aseptic sowing when it is basically mature and uncracked.

(2) Aseptic sowing: the fruit 5 months after pollination is first wiped clean with alcohol cotton to clean the surface dirt of the fruit, then soaked in 75% alcohol for 3 minutes, and then placed in 0.2% mercury chloride Disinfect in the solution for 20 minutes, after rinsing with sterile water for 4 times, use sterile filter paper to blot the water shown in the fruit, cut the fruit, and inoculate the powdered seed embryos on the seed germination medium, the success rate of disinfection is 100%, 30 Seed germination can be seen in days, and seeds germinate to form protocorms in 60 days, and further form seedlings in 120 days. The seed germination rate is 80%, and the seedling rate is 60%. Seed germination medium contains 3.0g of Huabao No. 1, 1.5g of peptone, 150mL of coconut milk, 30g of sucrose, 7g of agar, 0.5g of activated carbon, 120mg of inositol, 1.5mg of glycine, 0.2mg of thiamine hydrochloride, and 1.5mg of glycine per liter. Pyridoxine 0.4mg, niacin 0.8mg, the balance is water, pH 5.4.

(3) Strong seedling cultivation: the seedlings obtained by aseptic sowing are inoculated on the strong seedling medium for cultivation, and strong plants can be formed in 150 days. The medium for strong seedlings contains 2.0g of Huabao No. 1, 1.5g of peptone, 0.5mg of naphthaleneacetic acid, 100g of banana homogenate, 100mL of coconut milk, 20g of sucrose, 7g of agar, 1.0g of activated carbon, and 120mg of inositol per liter. Glycine 1.5mg, thiamine hydrochloride 0.2mg, pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.4mg, niacin 0.8mg, the balance is water, pH 5.4.

(4) Transplanting of test tube seedlings: when the plant is about 5-8 cm high, transfer the culture bottle to the natural light for hardening the seedlings for 20 days, then take it out from the glass bottle, clean the medium of the root, and move it into blue stone: The survival rate of transplanting can reach more than 90% in the mixed substrate of sawdust: bark with a volume ratio of 1:1:1, routine management, proper ventilation and sufficient humidity.

The culture conditions of steps (2) and (3) are culture temperature 28° C., light intensity 1500 lx, light 14 hours/day.

Example 3:

Hybrid Breeding and Seedling Propagation of Cymbidium ensifolium and Yunnan Flame Orchid (Renanthera imschootiana)

(1) Artificial pollination: Yunnan Flame Orchid blooms in early March. Collect pollen when the petals of its single flower have just unfolded. The toothpick sticks the pollen block to the tip of the toothpick and quickly puts the pollen block into a clean and sterile 1ml EP tube, puts the pollen block of one flower in each tube, puts the pollen block in the EP tube and concentrates it in a sterile glass bottle Pack it up and seal it well, and finally place the glass bottle filled with pollen at 4°C and keep it away from light. After the flame orchid pollen has been preserved for 9 months, when the female parent Caixin Jianlan blooms in early December of that year, the low-temperature preserved flame orchid pollen will be thawed and rehumidified to restore and improve the vitality of the pollen. Thaw the flame orchid pollen stored at low temperature for 30 minutes at room temperature (15°C), then add a few drops of sterile water to the EP tube where the pollen block is placed for 30 minutes of rehumidification treatment, and finally use triphenyl tetrachloride The viability of the pollen was measured by the nitrogen azole staining method, and the vigor of the pollen was confirmed, and it was conferred on the stigma of the female parent. After pollination, remove the lip flaps of the female parent and bag them. After about 1 week, remove the bag and hang a label. The label has information such as the name of the parent, the name of the female parent, the date of hybridization, and the pollinator. Pay attention to observe its development, count the success rate of pollination in 3 months, the seed setting rate reaches 30%, and wait for the fruit to become orange-yellow, when it is basically mature and uncracked, it can be collected for aseptic sowing.

(2) Aseptic sowing: the fruit 12 months after pollination is first wiped clean with alcohol cotton to clean the surface dirt of the fruit, then soaked in 70% alcohol for 2.5 minutes with a volume fraction, and then placed in 0.2% mercuric chloride Disinfect in the solution for 25 minutes, after rinsing with sterile water for 5 times, blot the water on the surface of the fruit with sterile filter paper, cut the fruit, inoculate the powdered seed embryos on the seed germination medium, the success rate of disinfection is 100%, 90% Seed germination can be seen in days, and the seeds germinate to form rhizomes in 120 days. The rhizomes are inoculated and cultured in differentiation medium, and can be differentiated to form seedlings in 60 days. The seed germination rate is 60%, and the seedling rate is 55%. Each liter of seed germination medium contains 1g of Huabao No. 1, 0.5g of peptone, 120mL of coconut milk, 25g of sucrose, 6.5g of agar, 0.7g of activated carbon, 100mg of inositol, 2mg of glycine, 0.1mg of thiamine hydrochloride, and pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.5mg, niacin 0.5mg, balance water, pH 5.6. The differentiation medium was supplemented with 5.0 mg of 6-benzyl adenine per liter on the basis of the seed germination medium.

(3) Strong seedling cultivation: the seedlings obtained by rhizome differentiation are inoculated on the strong seedling medium and cultivated, and strong plants can be formed in 150 days. The seedling growth medium contains 1.0 g of Huabao No. 1, 0.5 g of peptone, 0.7 mg of naphthalene acetic acid, 50 g of banana homogenate, 75 mL of coconut milk, 18 g of sucrose, 6.5 g of agar, 0.5 g of activated carbon, and 100 mg of inositol per liter. , glycine 2mg, thiamine hydrochloride 0.1mg, pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.5mg, niacin 0.5mg, the balance is water, pH 5.6.

(4) Transplanting of test-tube seedlings: when the plant is about 5-8 cm high, transfer the culture bottle to the natural light to harden the seedlings for 10 days, then take it out from the glass bottle, clean the medium of the root, and move it into bluestone: The survival rate of transplanting can reach more than 95% in the mixed substrate of sawdust: bark with a volume ratio of 3:1:2, routine management, proper ventilation and sufficient humidity.

The culture conditions of step (2) in seed germination medium and differentiation medium and step (3) are culture temperature 26° C., light intensity 1800 lx, light 16 hours/day.

Claims (6)

1. a method for hybrid breeding and aseptic sowing of flame orchid, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: (1): Artificial pollination: with orchidaceae as female parent, flame orchid as male parent, collect the pollen of male parent on the stigma of female parent, and carry out bagging process; (2): Aseptic sowing: when the hybrid capsule produced by the female parent is basically mature and the fruit is not cracked, wipe the fruit clean, and soak it in 70-75% alcohol solution for 2-3 minutes with the volume fraction successively, Disinfect in 0.1%-0.2% mercuric chloride solution for 20-30 minutes, rinse with sterile water for 4-5 times, dry the water on the surface of the fruit, cut the fruit, and inoculate the powdered seeds into the Cultivate on the seed germination medium, the seeds germinate to form protocorms first, and then grow into seedlings. The seed germination medium contains 1-3.0 g of Huabao No. 1, 0.5-2.0 g of peptone, and 100-150 mL of coconut juice per liter. , sucrose 20~30g, agar 6~7g, activated carbon 0.5~1.0g, inositol 80~120mg, glycine 1.5~2.5mg, thiamine hydrochloride 0.05~0.2mg, pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.4~0.8mg, niacin 0.4 ～0.8mg, the balance is water, pH 5.4～5.8; (3): strong seedling cultivation: the seedlings obtained by aseptic sowing are inoculated on the strong seedling medium for cultivation, and the strong seedling medium contains 1-3.0 g of Huabao No. 1 and 0.5-2.0 g of peptone per liter, Naphthaleneacetic acid 0.5～1.0mg, banana homogenate 50～100g, coconut juice 50～100mL, sucrose 15～20g, agar 6～7g, activated carbon 0.5～2.0g, inositol 80～120mg, glycine 1.5～2.5mg, sulfur hydrochloride Amine 0.05~0.2mg, pyridoxine hydrochloride 0.4~0.8mg, nicotinic acid 0.4~0.8mg, the balance is water, pH 5.4~5.8; (4): Transplanting of test-tube seedlings: When the seedlings grow into plants 5-8cm high, transfer the culture bottle to the natural light for 10-20 days to harden the seedlings, then take them out, wash the medium of the roots, and transfer them into bluestone : sawdust: bark is cultivated in a mixed substrate with a volume ratio of 2 to 3: 1 to 2: 1 to 2; The culture conditions in the above steps (2) and (3) are: culture temperature 24-28° C., illuminance 1500-2000 lx, light 12-16 hours/day. 2. the crossbreeding of flame orchid according to claim 1 and the method for aseptic sowing, it is characterized in that, in described artificial pollination step, when female parent and male parent florescence are identical, after female parent flower launches 2. ~ 4 days, the pollen from the male parent was directly inoculated on the stigma of the female parent. 3. the crossbreeding of flame orchid according to claim 1 and the method for aseptic sowing, it is characterized in that, in described artificial pollination step, when female parent and male parent's florescence do not meet, in male parent flame orchid The pollen blocks are collected during the full flowering period, and the collection time is selected when the petals of the flame orchid are just unfolded, and the collection time is selected at 8-9 in the morning. When this flower is blooming, thaw the male parent pollen stored at low temperature at 15-35°C for 20-30 minutes, then add sterile water to the plastic tube where the pollen is placed, soak the pollen for 20-30 minutes, and then it will have vitality pollen on the stigma of the female parent. 4. the method for the crossbreeding of flame orchid according to claim 3 and aseptic sowing, it is characterized in that, described collection pollen is placed in aseptic plastic tube, is sealed and placed in 4 ℃ of light-proof preservations, and the step is : Use a sterile toothpick to gently pick off the medicinal cap of the flower, then use a sterile toothpick to stick the pollen block on the tip of the toothpick and quickly put the pollen block into a clean and sterile 1ml centrifuge tube, put 1 flower in each tube For the pollen mass of the flower, put the centrifuge tube containing the pollen mass into a sterile glass bottle, seal it well, and store it in the dark at 4°C. 5. the crossbreeding of flame orchid according to claim 1 and the method for aseptic sowing, it is characterized in that, in the aseptic sowing step of step (2), the protocorm that seed germination forms earlier is inoculated on the differentiation medium , making the protocorms form seedlings on the differentiation medium, the differentiation medium is to add 5.0 mg of 6-benzyl adenine per liter on the basis of the seed germination medium, and the culture conditions are: temperature 24～28 ℃, light intensity 1500~2000lx, light 12~16 hours/day. 6. the crossbreeding of flame orchid according to claim 1 and the method for aseptic sowing, it is characterized in that, described female parent orchid plant is: five-lipped orchid (Doritis pulcherrima), floret Vanda blue (Vanda coerulescens) Or Cymbidium ensifolium.