CN104495037B - Cold Chain Logistics dispensing vehicle and its goods distribution method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a cold-chain logistics distribution vehicle and its distribution method, which belong to the field of refrigeration and fresh-keeping vehicles, and include electric vehicles. The electric vehicle is equipped with a refrigerator. The refrigerator includes a shell, a conductor, and an inner tank, and the inner tank is opened on one side. The rectangular slot, the vent holes are evenly distributed on the inner tank wall, the outer wall of the inner tank is wrapped with a conductor, and the conductor is provided with a right-angled trapezoidal protrusion relative to the side wall of the inner tank, and the conductor is wrapped with a shell with an opening, and the outer shell is embedded with an insulation layer , There is a refrigerant in the gap between the conductor and the shell, and there is a door on the opening surface of the shell, which can enter the urban area without causing traffic jams, low cost of refrigeration and preservation, good refrigeration and preservation effects, and will not cause air pollution , low cost of energy consumption.

Description

Cold chain logistics distribution vehicle and its distribution method

technical field

The invention provides a cold chain logistics distribution vehicle and a distribution method thereof, which belong to the field of refrigerated and fresh-keeping vehicles.

Background technique

When the existing refrigerated products, fresh aquatic products and agricultural and sideline products are distributed for retailers, in order to avoid the temperature of the products during the transportation process, which will gradually increase the freshness and reduce the freshness, the shape deformation formed by freezing , and retail merchants are dissatisfied with their distributors, so special transport vehicles are needed to transport them. The existing distributors use freezer trucks or ordinary three-wheeled motorcycles to cover quilts. Aquatic products and agricultural by-products are transported.

Current prior art defect is:

First, refrigerated trucks are large vehicles. Due to traffic control, large freight vehicles cannot enter the urban area, but most of the merchants are located in the urban area. Forcible entry will cause traffic jams and cause violations, which is very inconvenient.

Second, the freezer car uses the engine to burn oil to drive the motor to generate electricity. The electricity generated by the motor is supplied to the compressor to cool down the freezer. It can be understood as indirectly maintaining the temperature in the freezer by consuming gasoline. The cost of refrigeration and preservation is too high. high.

Its three, the method heat preservation effect of the quilt on the three-wheeled motorcycle is not good, it is easy to thaw the refrigerated product, or the product that needs to be kept fresh will deteriorate due to high temperature.

Its four, three-wheeled motorcycles and freezer trucks are internal combustion locomotives, which will produce tail gas and cause pollution.

Fifth, existing vehicles need to consume gasoline, which will result in higher costs.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cold chain logistics distribution vehicle and its distribution method, which can enter urban areas without causing traffic jams, low refrigeration and preservation costs, good refrigeration and preservation effects, and will not cause air pollution and consume energy costs Low.

The cold chain logistics distribution vehicle of the present invention includes an electric vehicle, on which there is a refrigerated cabinet, the refrigerated cabinet includes a shell, a conductor and an inner tank, the inner tank is a rectangular slot with one side open, and ventilation holes are evenly distributed on the inner tank wall , the outer wall of the inner tank is wrapped with a conductor, and the conductor is provided with a right-angled trapezoidal protrusion relative to the side wall of the inner tank. , a door is provided on the opening face of the shell.

The cold chain logistics distribution vehicle described above has fixing claws on the outer surface of the inner container, and the conductor is fixed on the outer surface of the inner container through the fixing claws. When in use, the door is opened, and the frozen goods are placed in the inner container. There are evenly distributed ventilation holes, which can make the air in the inner tank and the air outside the inner tank can circulate normally. The refrigerant is placed in the gap between the shell and the conductor. The refrigerant can be ice cubes that adapt to the shape of the gap. Or a box with good thermal conductivity that fits the shape of the gap that contains broken ice cubes. Since the conductor is wrapped on the outside of the inner tank, and the inner tank is provided with vent holes, the refrigerant can pass through the conductor wrapped outside the inner tank and the inner tank. The goods in the tank perform heat exchange, and the contact area between the conductor and the goods is very large, and the heat exchange efficiency is very high. Before the ice completely turns into water, its temperature will not exceed 0 degrees Celsius. Since the conductor and the outer shell form two gaps, so The number of refrigerants is also two. The ice in the two refrigerants can effectively transfer the heat absorbed by the goods during transportation to itself through the conductor, which can effectively keep the goods frozen and fresh. The conductor, the liner and the goods inside are protected by the shell and the door during transportation. The door is made of heat-insulating material, and the shell is filled with heat-insulating material, which effectively reduces the heat exchange between the internal space of the shell and the outside world and improves The refrigeration efficiency is improved, and the refrigerator is installed on the electric vehicle, and the electric vehicle will not cause violations when entering the urban area, and its small size will not cause blockage, and the electric energy used is relatively small, which greatly saves energy and consumes energy. cost, and will not cause air pollution due to exhaust emissions. According to the test, the time for the refrigerator to maintain the goods at 0 degrees Celsius is 3 hours, and the battery life of the electric vehicle is also about 3 hours, which avoids the reduction of refrigeration and Fresh-keeping efficiency makes the refrigeration and fresh-keeping efficiency of the present invention and the energy utilization efficiency of electric vehicles reach the best, and the goods are refrigerated and fresh-keeping through ice, and the cost of refrigeration and fresh-keeping is greatly reduced.

In the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle, the conductor is an open-loop conductor, the conductor is wrapped outside the inner tank wall, and the two ends of the open loop are flush with the top of the inner tank. The conductor can completely wrap the inner tank, and transfer the increased heat of the cargo itself in all directions, and the two ends of the conductor are flush with the inner tank, so that when the door is opened, the heat pouring in from the outside can be completely brought to the refrigerant, preventing the heat from entering the cargo .

The open-loop conductors of the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle are composed of conductor strips adapted to the shape of the conductors. Claws are provided on the outer wall of the inner tank corresponding to each conductor bar, and the conductor bars are fixed on the outer wall of the inner tank by the claws. Using a strip-shaped conductor can greatly increase the heat conduction area of the conductor and improve the heat transfer efficiency. Compared with a solid conductor with the same heat conduction area, the material is greatly saved and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

In the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle, the heat insulation layer is a foam filling layer. The use of the foam filling layer is cheap, has good heat insulation effect, and is light, which reduces the dead weight of the present invention and reduces the running resistance of the present invention.

In the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle, the refrigerant is a metal box with a cover corresponding to the shape of the space formed by the conductor and the casing. The metal box can be taken out or put in at any time, which is convenient for replacement, and the metal box can be used to store the waste ice processed in the cold storage, which greatly reduces the cost of ice making, and the waste ice is directly poured out after use , and just refill, very convenient, low cost and high efficiency.

In the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle, the shell and the opening of the inner tank are in the same plane. This structure makes the assembly of the present invention more convenient, and the refrigerant can be taken out and replaced by opening the door, which improves the speed of replacing the refrigerant and greatly improves the distribution efficiency.

The door of the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle is a three-page sliding door with windows. The gap for one-time opening of the door can be reduced, and the heat exchanged between the inner space of the casing and the outside world can be reduced.

The method for distributing goods of a cold chain logistics distribution vehicle according to the present invention is provided with a cold storage, an ice storage, a centralized charging station for electric vehicle batteries, and a large truck for centralized storage of items to be refrigerated. The specific method is as follows:

(1) After the delivery is completed the day before, charge all spare batteries and batteries installed on the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle at the electric vehicle centralized charging station;

(2) Before distribution, remove the waste ice generated in the cold storage, and find the corresponding location in the cold storage for centralized storage, and smash the larger waste ice with a hammer or other heavy objects. The staff of the electric vehicle centralized charging station Push the charged batteries to the door of the ice storage using a trolley;

(3) The distribution personnel load the goods that have just been taken out of the cold storage into all the cold chain logistics distribution vehicles. At the same time, the driver takes advantage of the time when the distribution personnel load the goods to remove the refrigerant, and puts the crushed ice at the place where the crushed ice is concentrated, and uses tools such as shovels to remove the refrigerant. The refrigerant is filled with crushed ice, and the refrigerant is put back into the gap between the casing and the conductor, and its own battery is removed from the trolley and installed on the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle. After the loading is completed, the door Close, and after obtaining the distribution route, you can start the distribution according to the scheduled distribution route.

(4) After the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle departs, when the staff in the cold storage find that the remaining waste ice is insufficient, they order large trucks to set off and go to various enterprises with large cold storage in the city to purchase waste ice. After the waste ice is purchased, it is immediately transported to The cold storage where the items need to be refrigerated is stored and crushed. If the ice is not purchased in time, you can choose your own ice storage to use the self-produced ice.

(5) The staff of the electric vehicle battery centralized charging station return to the electric vehicle battery centralized charging station after all the cold chain logistics distribution vehicles have departed and continue to use small trolleys to transport a small amount of charged spare batteries to the door of the cold storage where the items to be refrigerated are stored collectively and wait.

(6) When the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle comes back after completing the delivery, the driver parks the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle at the designated location, opens the door, takes out the refrigerant, pours out the used crushed ice in it, and puts it in the crushed ice for centralized storage Fill the refrigerant again and install it into the casing, then remove the spare battery on the trolley for replacement, obtain the distribution route and start the distribution again.

(7) After a small amount of batteries on the trolley have been replaced, the staff immediately pull the exhausted batteries to the centralized charging station for electric vehicles for charging, and continue to pull a small amount of charged spare batteries to the place where items need to be refrigerated. The door of the cold storage.

(8) When all the distribution work is completed, all the batteries are transported to the electric vehicle centralized charging station for charging.

The distribution method of the cold-chain logistics distribution vehicle described above is applicable to centralized distribution stations for bulk commodities, and the environment for which freight vehicles are not allowed to enter is an urban area. The cold storage for centralized storage of refrigerated items must be built around the urban area. The battery of a general electric vehicle can drive 70KM-80KM when the electric vehicle is fully loaded, and for a general city, the diagonal length of the urban area generally does not exceed 40KM, so delivery personnel can reach it by riding an electric vehicle Distribution is carried out in every corner of the urban area. In the whole distribution process, there are three ways to obtain the crushed ice in the refrigerant. The first is through self-produced ice storage, and the second is to purchase at low prices from other large ice storages. , and finally, self-produced ice will only be produced under the premise that the supply of the first two methods cannot be met, so most of the ice used is waste ice. The use of electric vehicles for transportation not only reduces energy costs, but also does not pollute the air, and the electric vehicles are not restricted in the city, and after the electric vehicles return to the cold storage, the battery and refrigerant are directly replaced, and the battery can be replaced immediately. Start again, and use the time when it is out for distribution to charge the battery, which greatly improves the efficiency of distribution.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has beneficial effects as follows:

The cold chain logistics distribution vehicle described above has fixing claws on the outer surface of the inner container, and the conductor is fixed on the outer surface of the inner container through the fixing claws. When in use, the door is opened, and the frozen goods are placed in the inner container. There are evenly distributed ventilation holes, which can make the air in the inner tank and the air outside the inner tank can circulate normally. The refrigerant is placed in the gap between the shell and the conductor. The refrigerant can be ice cubes that adapt to the shape of the gap. Or a box with good thermal conductivity that fits the shape of the gap that contains broken ice cubes. Since the conductor is wrapped on the outside of the inner tank, and the inner tank is provided with vent holes, the refrigerant can pass through the conductor wrapped outside the inner tank and the inner tank. The goods in the tank perform heat exchange, and the contact area between the conductor and the goods is very large, and the heat exchange efficiency is very high. Before the ice completely turns into water, its temperature will not exceed 0 degrees Celsius. Since the conductor and the outer shell form two gaps, so The number of refrigerants is also two. The ice in the two refrigerants can effectively transfer the heat absorbed by the goods during transportation to itself through the conductor, which can effectively keep the goods frozen and fresh. The conductor, the liner and the goods inside are protected by the shell and the door during transportation. The door is made of heat-insulating material, and the shell is filled with heat-insulating material, which effectively reduces the heat exchange between the internal space of the shell and the outside world and improves The refrigeration efficiency is improved, and the refrigerator is installed on the electric vehicle, and the electric vehicle will not cause violations when entering the urban area, and its small size will not cause blockage, and the electric energy used is relatively small, which greatly saves energy and consumes energy. cost, and will not cause air pollution due to exhaust emissions. According to the test, the time for the refrigerator to maintain the goods at 0 degrees Celsius is 3 hours, and the battery life of the electric vehicle is also about 3 hours, which avoids the reduction of refrigeration and Fresh-keeping efficiency makes the refrigeration and fresh-keeping efficiency of the present invention and the energy utilization efficiency of electric vehicles reach the best, and the goods are refrigerated and fresh-keeping through ice, and the cost of refrigeration and fresh-keeping is greatly reduced.

The above-mentioned conductor enables the conductor to completely wrap the inner container and transfer the increased heat of the goods in an all-round way, and both ends of the conductor are flush with the inner container, so that when the door is opened, the heat pouring in from the outside can be completely brought to the refrigerant to avoid up the heat before entering the cargo.

As for the conductor, using a strip conductor can greatly increase the heat conduction area of the conductor and improve the heat transfer efficiency. Compared with the whole conductor with the same heat conduction area, the material is greatly saved and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

The foam filling layer is cheap, has a good heat insulation effect, and is light and light, which reduces the dead weight of the present invention and reduces the traveling resistance of the present invention.

The above-mentioned refrigerant can be taken out or put into the metal box at any time, which is convenient for replacement, and the waste ice processed in the cold storage can be stored in the metal box, which greatly reduces the cost of ice making, and the waste ice can be used It can be poured out directly after finishing and refilled, which is very convenient, low in cost and high in efficiency.

The structure of the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle described above makes the assembly of the present invention more convenient, and the refrigerant can be taken out and replaced by opening the door, which improves the speed of replacing the refrigerant and greatly improves the distribution efficiency.

The door can reduce the gap for opening the door at one time, and reduce the heat exchanged between the inner space of the shell and the outside.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a refrigerator.

In the figure: 1. Shell; 2. Conductor; 3. Liner; 4. Ventilation hole; 5. Protrusion; 6. Insulation layer; 7. Refrigerant; 8. Door; 9. Claw.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with the present invention, the embodiment of the cold chain logistics delivery vehicle will be further described:

Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1, the cold chain logistics delivery vehicle of the present invention comprises electric vehicle, and electric vehicle is provided with refrigerator, and refrigerator comprises shell 1, conductor 2 and liner 3, and liner 3 is A rectangular slot with an opening on one side, ventilation holes 4 are evenly distributed on the wall of the inner tank 3, a conductor 2 is wrapped on the outer wall of the inner tank 3, a right-angled trapezoidal protrusion 5 is arranged on the position of the conductor 2 relative to the side wall of the inner tank 3, and the outer conductor 2 is wrapped with The casing 1 is open on one side, the casing 1 is embedded with an insulating layer 6 , a refrigerant 7 is provided in the gap between the conductor 2 and the casing 1 , and a door 8 is provided on the opening surface of the casing 1 .

Embodiment 2: On the basis of the structure described in Embodiment 1, the conductor 2 is an open-loop conductor 2, and the conductor 2 is wrapped on the outside of the inner tank 3 wall, and the two ends of the open loop are flush with the top of the inner tank 3, and the open-loop The conductor 2 is composed of conductor strips adapted to the shape of the conductor 2, and claws 9 are provided on the outer wall of the inner tank 3 corresponding to each conductor 2, and the two conductors are fixed on the outer wall of the inner tank 3 through the claws 9, and the heat preservation The layer 6 is a foam filling layer, the refrigerant 7 is a metal box with a cover corresponding to the shape of the space formed by the conductor 2 and the shell 1, the shell 1 and the opening surface of the inner tank 3 are in the same plane, and the door 8 is a three-leaf sliding door with windows.

The embodiment of the distribution method of the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle will be further described below in conjunction with the present invention:

Embodiment 1: The distribution method of the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle of the present invention is provided with cold storage, ice storage, electric vehicle battery centralized charging station and large trucks for centralized storage of refrigerated items. The specific method is:

(1) After the delivery is completed the day before, charge all spare batteries and batteries installed on the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle at the electric vehicle centralized charging station;

(2) Before distribution, remove the waste ice generated in the cold storage, and find the corresponding location in the cold storage for centralized storage, and smash the larger waste ice with a hammer or other heavy objects. The staff of the electric vehicle centralized charging station Push the charged batteries to the door of the ice storage using a trolley;

(3) The distribution personnel load the goods that have just been taken out of the cold storage into all the cold chain logistics distribution vehicles. At the same time, the driver takes advantage of the time when the distribution personnel load the goods to remove the refrigerant, and puts the crushed ice at the place where the crushed ice is concentrated, and uses tools such as shovels to remove the refrigerant. The refrigerant is filled with crushed ice, and the refrigerant is put back into the gap between the casing and the conductor, and its own battery is removed from the trolley and installed on the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle. After the loading is completed, the door Close, and after obtaining the distribution route, you can start the distribution according to the scheduled distribution route.

(4) After the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle departs, when the staff in the cold storage find that the remaining waste ice is insufficient, they order large trucks to set off and go to various enterprises with large cold storage in the city to purchase waste ice. After the waste ice is purchased, it is immediately transported to The cold storage where the items need to be refrigerated is stored and crushed. If the ice is not purchased in time, you can choose your own ice storage to use the self-produced ice.

(5) The staff of the electric vehicle battery centralized charging station return to the electric vehicle battery centralized charging station after all the cold chain logistics distribution vehicles have departed and continue to use small trolleys to transport a small amount of charged spare batteries to the door of the cold storage where the items to be refrigerated are stored collectively and wait.

(6) When the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle comes back after completing the delivery, the driver parks the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle at the designated location, opens the door, takes out the refrigerant, pours out the used crushed ice in it, and puts it in the crushed ice for centralized storage Fill the refrigerant again and install it into the casing, then remove the spare battery on the trolley for replacement, obtain the distribution route and start the distribution again.

(7) After a small amount of batteries on the trolley have been replaced, the staff immediately pull the exhausted batteries to the centralized charging station for electric vehicles for charging, and continue to pull a small amount of charged spare batteries to the place where items need to be refrigerated. The door of the cold storage.

(8) When all the distribution work is completed, all the batteries are transported to the electric vehicle centralized charging station for charging.

Claims (7)

1. A cold chain logistics delivery vehicle, including an electric vehicle, is characterized in that the electric vehicle is provided with a refrigerator, the refrigerator includes a shell, a conductor and an inner container, the inner container is a rectangular slot with one side opening, and the inner container wall is evenly Ventilation holes are distributed, the outer wall of the inner tank is wrapped with a conductor, and the conductor is provided with a right-angled trapezoidal protrusion relative to the side wall of the inner tank. A refrigerant is provided, and a door is provided on the opening surface of the outer shell. The conductor is an open-loop conductor, and the conductor is wrapped outside the inner tank wall, and the two ends of the open ring are flush with the top of the inner tank. 2. The cold chain logistics distribution vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the open-loop conductor is composed of conductor strips adapted to the shape of the conductor, and claws are provided on the outer wall of the inner tank corresponding to each conductor strip, and the conductor strips The claw is fixed on the outer wall of the inner tank. 3. The cold-chain logistics distribution vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the thermal insulation layer is a foam filling layer. 4. The cold chain logistics distribution vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the refrigerant is a metal box with a cover corresponding to the shape of the space formed by the conductor and the casing. 5. The cold-chain logistics distribution vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the shell is coplanar with the opening surface of the inner tank. 6. The cold chain logistics distribution vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the door is a three-page sliding door with windows. 7. A distribution method applied to the cold chain logistics delivery vehicle as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that cold storage, ice storage, electric vehicle battery centralized charging station and large trucks are set for centralized storage of items to be refrigerated. The method is: (1) After the delivery is completed the day before, charge all spare batteries and batteries installed on the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle at the electric vehicle centralized charging station; (2) Before distributing the goods, remove the waste ice generated in the cold storage, find the corresponding location in the cold storage for centralized storage, and smash the larger waste ice with a hammer, and the staff of the electric vehicle centralized charging station will The batteries with good electricity are pushed to the door of the ice storage with a small trolley; (3) The distribution personnel load the goods that have just been taken out of the cold storage into all cold chain logistics distribution vehicles. At the same time, the driver takes advantage of the time when the distribution personnel load the goods to remove the refrigerant, and puts the crushed ice in a centralized place, and uses a shovel to remove the refrigerant from the cold storage. Fill it with crushed ice, and put the refrigerant back into the gap between the casing and the conductor, and take off your own battery on the trolley and install it on the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle. When the loading is completed, close the door, And after obtaining the distribution route, you can start the distribution according to the predetermined distribution route; (4) After the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle departs, when the staff in the cold storage find that the remaining waste ice is insufficient, they order large trucks to set off and go to various enterprises with large cold storage in the city to purchase waste ice. After the waste ice is purchased, it is immediately transported to The cold storage where the items need to be refrigerated is stored and crushed. If the ice is not purchased in time, choose the self-produced ice of your own ice storage for use; (5) The staff of the electric vehicle battery centralized charging station return to the electric vehicle battery centralized charging station after all the cold chain logistics distribution vehicles have departed and continue to use small trolleys to transport a small amount of charged spare batteries to the door of the cold storage where the items to be refrigerated are stored collectively and wait; (6) When the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle comes back after completing the delivery, the driver parks the cold chain logistics distribution vehicle at the designated location, opens the door, takes out the refrigerant, pours out the used crushed ice in it, and puts it in the crushed ice for centralized storage Fill the place with refrigerant again and install it into the casing, then remove the spare battery on the trolley for replacement, obtain the distribution route and start the distribution again; (7) When a small amount of batteries on the trolley have been replaced, the staff immediately pull the exhausted batteries to the centralized charging station for electric vehicles for charging, and continue to pull a small amount of charged spare batteries to the centralized storage of refrigerated items cold storage door; (8) When all the distribution work is completed, all the batteries are transported to the electric vehicle centralized charging station for charging.