CN104894278A - 一种快速高效的筛查检测食品过敏原的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种快速高效的筛查检测食品过敏原的方法,并按此方法对生活中常见的16种过敏原成分进行了同时筛选检测。16种过敏原成分包括:鸡蛋、牛奶、花生、荞麦、腰果、开心果、胡桃、胡萝卜、榛果、杏仁、小麦、大豆、芝麻、虾蟹、鱼、芹菜。包括下列步骤:提取样品的DNA,将样品的DNA进行PCR扩增检测,利用PCR仪的多通道,一次性单个反应管同时筛选检测16种过敏原成分,并可在两轮PCR后确定过敏原成分。本发明的优点:一次性快速筛选检测多种过敏原,即可以节省大量的时间,也可以减少试剂的消耗,降低成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于快速筛查食品中过敏原DNA的检测技术,具体是指使用荧光定量PCR技术对食品中多种过敏原物质进行快速筛选和鉴别,并可在第一轮反应后确定食品中存在过敏原成分,在第二轮反应后确定过敏原的种类。
背景技术
近年来,随着食品行业的发展,食品种类的增多,食品过敏原的安全问题已经成为社会关注的焦点。食品过敏是由于食物或者食品添加剂引起的IgE介导和非IgE介导的免疫反应,导致消化系统内或者全身性的变态反应。食品过敏原产生的过敏反应包括呼吸系统、肠胃系统、中枢神经系统、皮肤、肌肉和骨骼等不同形式的临床症状,有时可能产生过敏性休克(Anaphylactic Shock),甚至危及生命。当摄入了有关的食物,其中的食品过敏原可能导致一系列的过敏反应。过敏反应通常会在一个小时内出现,症状明显,有时表现得会较激烈,包括诸如呕吐,腹泻,呼吸困难,嘴唇、舌头或咽喉肿胀,血压骤降等。而因食品产生的敏感或不适反应却可能在几小时内,甚至几天后才会发生,主要的症状有:湿疹,胃肠不适综合症,偏头痛,麻疹,鼻炎,全身乏力,哮喘,关节炎,疼痛,儿童多动症等。为了能够有效的预防这些危害,保护人们的身体健康,建立食品过敏原的快速、 大量的检测方法迫在眉睫。
目前,人们已经发明了很多种方法来检测食物中的过敏原成分,但仍然有许多问题需要解决。食品过敏原成分的传统检测方法主要分为蛋白检测和DNA检测两种。蛋白检测包括免疫印迹、酶联免疫吸附试验等免疫学方法,而DNA检测主要是利用PCR技术来进行实验。在实际操作中蛋白检测方法在食物成分复杂的情况下干扰太大,受食物基质影响较大,所以PCR技术在过敏原检测上具有很大的优势。
多年来,利用传统的方法检测,不仅需要消耗大量的时间和人力,而且也造成了试剂的浪费,使检测的成本居高不下。而近些年来,人们也发明了许多新技术,比如利用免疫分析方法来对多种过敏原进行检测,或者利用生物芯片的方法来实现大量快速的检测,等等。这些方法都是为了提升我们在过敏原检测上的效率,但是现在的问题是有的方法可以快速、高效的检测,但是成本太高,比如生物芯片法。有的成本低,然而检测的周期过长,所以为了获得一种快速、高效和低成本的过敏原检测方法,我们在进行了大量的实验比较、分析后,终于找到了一种通过改进优化传统的实时荧光PCR的方法,来解决上述的问题。
以往的荧光定量PCR法,通常单次单管反应只能检测一种或少量几种过敏原成分,而在一种食品中往往含有多种过敏原成分,为了确定可能含有的过敏原成分,通常进行很多次检测来排除过敏原才能得到最后的结果。这种单管单次反应检测一种或几 种过敏原成分的方法不仅检测周期长、试剂消耗多,而且检测范围窄。为了解决这个问题,在经过一系列实验优化后,终于找到了快速的筛选检测方法,能够一次性大量的完成多种过敏原成分的筛选检测,不仅缩短了检测周期,而且节省了试剂消耗,使成本大大的降低。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是建立一种能够同时高效快速筛选检测多种过敏原成分的方法。
为此,本发明公开如下技术方案:
(1)称取1g(最多2g)粉碎后材料放入50mL离心管中(如样品含水分太多应先考虑烘干再磨碎,酱类粘稠样品应先浓缩离心,取沉淀物);
(2)加入预热的10mLCTAB抽提裂解缓冲液(使用前加入20μL蛋白酶K、20μL RNA、200μLβ-巯基乙醇),振荡悬浮后65℃温浴1h,期间不断晃动,冷却至室温后,5000g离心10min;
(3)取上清950μL加入2mL离心管中,加入等体积氯仿异戊醇(24∶1)轻柔混匀静置5min,12000rpm离心15min;
(4)取上清750μL加入2mL离心管中,加入等体积氯仿异戊醇(24∶1)轻柔混匀静置5min,12000rpm离心15min;
(5)取上清500μL加入1.5mL离心管中,加入300μL异丙醇,50μL乙酸钾溶液,轻轻颠倒混匀,室温静置30min,12000rpm离心15min,弃上清;
(6)加入1.0mL70%乙醇溶液,将沉淀悬浮浸泡,并将离心管倾斜,轻轻转动数圈后室温静置2min,12000rpm离心10min,弃上清,如沉淀多重复此步骤一次;
(7)小心弃去上清液,干燥DNA沉淀,加入50-100μL ddH2O,65℃溶解DNA。
(8)将提取的DNA进行多重荧光PCR。
用于荧光PCR快速检测过敏原成分的16种特异性引物:
NO:1鸡蛋引物;NO:2牛奶引物;NO:3花生引物;NO:4荞麦引物;NO:5腰果引物;NO:6开心果引物;NO:7胡桃引物;NO:8胡萝卜引物;NO:9榛果引物;NO:10杏仁引物;NO:11小麦引物;NO:12大豆引物;NO:13芝麻引物;NO:14虾蟹引物;NO:15鱼引物;NO:16芹菜引物,具体引物序列详见下表:
引物列表:
用上述各组引物和第一轮探针进行第一轮多重PCR,以确定样品中是否含有过敏原成分,具体探针标记如下:NO:1-NO:4探针用FAM通道;NO:5-NO:8探针用VIC通道;NO:9-NO:12探针用Red610通道;NO:13-NO:16探针用Cy5通道。
PCR体系的配制:分别将待检测的16种过敏原的上游引物、下游引物和第一轮探针以一定比例混匀。50μLPCR体系如下:
(9)对荧光PCR结果进行分析,在Ct<35时,如果某个通道出现了阳性扩增信号,则将该通道内的4种过敏原成分分别使用4种荧光标记探针(第二轮探针)再次进行荧光PCR扩增,就可确定具体过敏原成分。使用本方法可以检测含量为0.1%的过敏原成分。
有益效果:本发明可以实现一次性快速16种过敏原成分的筛选检测,节省试剂,环保高效。
附图说明
图1.第一轮荧光PCR结果
图2.第二轮荧光PCR结果
具体实施方式
下面对本发明做进一步详细说明。
实施例:
(1)待测样品DNA的提取:
A.分别称取两份含0.1%花生成分的玉米粉样品1g,放入50mL离心管中;
B.加入预热的10mLCTAB抽提裂解缓冲液(已加入20μL蛋白酶K和20μL RNA);
C.振荡悬浮后65℃温浴1h,期间不断晃动,冷却至室温后,5000g离心10min;
D.取上清950μL加入2mL离心管中,加入等体积氯仿异戊醇(24∶1)轻柔混匀静置5min,12000rpm离心15min;
E.取上清750μL加入2mL离心管中,加入等体积氯仿异戊醇(24∶1)轻柔混匀静置5min,12000rpm离心15min;
F.取上清500μL加入1.5mL离心管中,加入300μL异丙醇,50μL乙酸钾溶液,轻轻颠倒混匀,室温静置30min,12000rpm离心15min,弃上清;
G.加入1.0mL70%乙醇溶液,将沉淀悬浮浸泡,并将离心管倾斜,轻轻转动数圈后室温静置2min,12000rpm离心10min;
H.干燥DNA沉淀,加入50μL ddH2O,65℃溶解DNA。
(2)待测样品DNA的多重荧光PCR:
A.配置50μL PCR反应体系:
B.将配制完成的PCR反应管放入Roche LightCycler96荧光PCR仪中,PCR扩增条件如下:
C.荧光PCR扩增结果分析:
通过分析PCR扩增结果,发现FAM通道出现阳性扩增曲线。Ct值为23,如图1。将FAM通道中的4种过敏原成分使用第二轮探针和相应引物按一定比例混合,进行第二轮荧光PCR。
(3)FAM通道中4种过敏原荧光PCR:
A.PCR反应体系如下:
B.将配制完成的PCR反应管放入Roche LightCycler96荧光PCR仪中,PCR扩增条件如下:
C.荧光PCR扩增结果分析:
对PCR扩增结果进行分析,发现花生过敏原成分,Ct值为24,如图2。
只通过两次单个反应管实验,便可以筛选检测出未知样品中的过敏原成分为花生。不仅节约了大量的时间,而且也减少了试剂成本。
上述实施例仅供说明本发明之用,而并非是对本发明专利的限制;应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明构思范围的情况下,还可以作出各种变化和变型,这些都属于本发明的保护范围;因此,凡跟本发明权利要求范围所做的均等变化与修饰,均应属于本发明权利要求的覆盖范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种快速高效的筛查检测食品过敏原的方法,其特征包括如下步骤:
(1)将待检测过敏原根据荧光定量PCR仪通道数量分为几组,且每组包含的待测过敏原数量与荧光定量PCR仪通道数也相对应,并设计对应通道的检测探针;
(2)将待测过敏原引物和探针按一定比例混合,加入样品DNA,TaqDNA聚合酶,反应缓冲液,dNTP和水,使体积达到50μL;
(3)按照优化后的PCR条件进行PCR反应;
(4)根据第一轮PCR检测结果,对出现扩增信号的通道包含的待测过敏原种类进行第二轮荧光PCR检测以确定过敏原成分。
2.根据权利要求书1所述的方法,其检测范围,根据荧光PCR通道的数量不限于16种。
3.根据权利要求书1所述的方法,其检测种类,不限于本发明中列举的16种过敏原成分。
4.根据权利要求书1所述的方法,其特征在于,PCR体系中各检测引物的浓度为0.1-1μmol/L,各探针的浓度为0.05-0.5μmol/L。
5.根据权利要求书1所述的方法,其特征在于,PCR反应中退火延伸温度为42-72℃。
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