CN109442422B - High-temperature microwave plasma generator and waste treatment system - Google Patents
High-temperature microwave plasma generator and waste treatment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109442422B CN109442422B CN201811309099.8A CN201811309099A CN109442422B CN 109442422 B CN109442422 B CN 109442422B CN 201811309099 A CN201811309099 A CN 201811309099A CN 109442422 B CN109442422 B CN 109442422B
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010795 gaseous waste Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 19
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 etc.) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002906 medical waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/085—High-temperature heating means, e.g. plasma, for partly melting the waste
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
- H05H1/461—Microwave discharges
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/40—Gasification
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2202/00—Combustion
- F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
- F23G2202/103—Combustion in two or more stages in separate chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
- F23G2204/20—Supplementary heating arrangements using electric energy
- F23G2204/201—Plasma
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature microwave plasma generator and a waste treatment system, belonging to the technical field of waste treatment, wherein the high-temperature microwave plasma generator comprises: the microwave generating device comprises at least two groups of microwave generating devices, each group of microwave generating devices comprises a radio frequency antenna, a rotatable wave-transmitting window and a power supply, the radio frequency antenna is connected and positioned on the rotatable wave-transmitting window, and the rotatable wave-transmitting window is used for transmitting microwaves and driving the radio frequency antenna to rotate along the central shaft of the shell; the combustion improver inlet is arranged at the central shaft at the top of the shell and is used for introducing the combustion improver into the shell through the combustion improver inlet; a waste inlet provided on a side wall of one side of the housing for passing waste into the housing through the waste inlet; the generated gas outlet is arranged on the side wall of the other side of the shell and is used for leading generated gas generated after the waste is treated out of the shell through the generated gas outlet; and the residue outlet is arranged at the bottom of the shell and used for discharging the residue left after treatment out of the shell through the residue outlet. The invention has the advantage of low power consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste treatment, in particular to a high-temperature microwave plasma generator and a waste treatment system.
Background
Environmental issues are one of the most popular issues at present, and there are many aspects related to environmental issues, such as waste disposal. Municipal solid waste, industrial waste (solid waste, waste gas, waste liquid, etc.), medical waste, etc. cannot be discharged directly into the nature, and must be subjected to harmless treatment.
For example, conventional solid waste treatment methods are mainly a landfill method and a combustion method. The methods have obvious defects, and the landfill method occupies land, is easy to cause pollution to atmosphere, soil and water and has hidden explosion hidden trouble. The burning method has high operation and treatment cost, and particularly various wastes are easy to generate dioxin harmful substances when the burning temperature is lower than 300-400 ℃, so that the wastes become new pollution sources and are not beneficial to large-scale popularization and application.
for this reason, some waste treatment methods in the prior art can overcome the above-mentioned defects, such as treatment by plasma dissociation recombination, which means that the material is decomposed into ions at high temperature (generally above 2000 ℃), i.e. atoms are split into electrons and positive ions, and after the solid waste is dissociated, gases (generated gas) such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen can be generated by recombination in the upper lower temperature region of the gasification furnace. Generally, arc plasma can emit arc temperature higher than 5500 ℃, a plasma generator with high heat density and high temperature arc is used for heating and gasifying the solid waste to above 2000 ℃, and even higher temperature is used for dissociating the solid waste to generate generated gas.
however, in the conventional art, the use of arc plasma can generate a locally high temperature, and can gasify solid waste which is difficult to gasify, but the power consumption is high and the temperature is not uniform. So that the waste treatment system using the arc plasma generator also consumes high power.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a high temperature microwave plasma generator which consumes less power and can generate high temperature flame, because the arc plasma generator in the prior art consumes more power.
another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a waste treatment system with low power consumption by using a waste treatment system with high power consumption in the prior art.
To this end, a high-temperature microwave plasma generator according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
the plasma generator comprises at least two groups of microwave generating devices, wherein each group of microwave generating devices comprises a radio frequency antenna, a rotatable wave-transmitting window and a power supply, the radio frequency antenna is connected and positioned on the rotatable wave-transmitting window, the radio frequency antenna is used for radiating microwaves to the inside of a shell of the plasma generator, the rotatable wave-transmitting window is used for transmitting the microwaves and driving the radio frequency antenna to rotate along the central axis of the shell, the power supply is connected with the radio frequency antenna, and the power supply is used for providing radio frequency for the radio frequency; the at least two rotatable wave-transmitting windows are axially arranged along the inner wall of the shell, the frequency and the phase of radio frequency provided by the power supplies of any two groups of microwave generating devices to the radio frequency antenna are different, and the rotatable wave-transmitting windows of any two groups of microwave generating devices are used for relative rotation;
the combustion improver inlet is arranged at the central shaft at the top of the shell and is used for introducing the combustion improver into the shell through the combustion improver inlet;
A waste inlet provided on a side wall of one side of the housing for passing waste into the housing through the waste inlet;
The generated gas outlet is arranged on the side wall of the other side of the shell and is used for leading generated gas generated after the waste is treated out of the shell through the generated gas outlet;
And the residue outlet is arranged at the bottom of the shell and used for discharging the residue left after treatment out of the shell through the residue outlet.
Preferably, the number of the groups of the microwave generating devices is two.
Preferably, the radio frequency antenna is an elliptical spiral structure.
Preferably, the rotational speed of the rotatable wave-transparent windows of the microwave generating devices in each group is different.
preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
The electrode plate is connected and positioned at the central shaft at the bottom of the shell;
The third power supply is connected with the electrode plate and is used for providing radio frequency with different frequency and phase from the power supply of the microwave generating device for the electrode plate;
the gas distribution plate is arranged below the combustion improver inlet and used for enabling the combustion improver to be uniformly output after passing through the gas distribution plate, and the gas distribution plate is grounded and used for forming a group of capacitors with the electrode plate.
Preferably, the gas distribution plate comprises at least three laminates which are axially arranged, each laminate is provided with a water drop-shaped through hole which is diverged from the center to the periphery, and the water drop-shaped through holes between the laminates are staggered.
A waste treatment system of an embodiment of the present invention includes:
the high-temperature microwave plasma generator is used for converting the waste input from the waste pool into a generated gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide and outputting the generated gas;
The generated gas recycling device is connected with a generated gas outlet of the high-temperature microwave plasma generator and is used for receiving and recycling the generated gas output by the high-temperature microwave plasma generator;
And the residue recovery device is connected with the residue outlet of the high-temperature microwave plasma generator and used for receiving and storing the residue output by the high-temperature microwave plasma generator.
Preferably, the waste input into the high temperature microwave plasma generator comprises one or more of solid waste, liquid waste and gaseous waste.
preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
and the cooling device is sleeved outside the shell of the high-temperature microwave plasma generator and is used for rapidly cooling the middle lower part of the high-temperature microwave plasma generator.
Preferably, the cooling device includes:
The hollow cooling columns are uniformly distributed around the circumferential direction of the shell of the high-temperature microwave plasma generator; the shape of the column wall of the hollow cooling column, which is in contact with the shell, is an inward concave arc and is matched with the shape of the shell; the column wall on the other side of the hollow cooling column is in an outward convex arc shape; the column cavity of the hollow cooling column is filled with cooling liquid, and the height of the filled cooling liquid is calculated according to the required cooling time;
And the cooling pipe is wound and connected on the outer convex arc-shaped column wall of the hollow cooling column, and cooling gas is filled in the cooling pipe.
the technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
1. According to the high-temperature microwave plasma generator provided by the embodiment of the invention, the power supply provides the radio-frequency signal for the radio-frequency antenna, so that the radiation electric field is generated in the microwave plasma generator, the high-temperature plasma flame is generated, and compared with the existing electric arc plasma, the high-temperature microwave plasma generator is low in power consumption. And the power supply provides radio frequency signals with different frequencies and phases to the radio frequency antenna, and the rotatable wave-transmitting window is arranged, so that the homogenization degree of the electron density (plasma density) in the microwave plasma generator is improved, and very uniform plasma treatment can be provided.
2. According to the high-temperature microwave plasma generator provided by the embodiment of the invention, the combustion improver input into the shell is uniformly output through the gas distribution plate, so that the plasma generated in the microwave plasma generator is more uniform, the waste decomposition is more complete, and the decomposition efficiency is improved. Through setting up the plate electrode, increase electric capacity in the middle part of the shell, improved the electric field strength of the weak position in middle part, increased the plasma density in middle part to plasma distribution uniformity and holistic plasma density in the shell have further been improved.
3. according to the waste treatment system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the high-temperature microwave plasma generator is adopted, and the ultrahigh temperature of the high-temperature microwave plasma generator can be utilized to realize various treatments on solid, liquid and gas wastes, so that harmless generated gas is generated, and the treatment efficiency can be improved, so that the harm to the environment caused by random discharge of polluting wastes is prevented.
drawings
in order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a specific example of a high-temperature microwave plasma generator in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2A is a schematic structural diagram of a specific example of the rf antenna in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
Fig. 2B is a schematic structural diagram of another specific example of the radio frequency antenna in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of another specific example of the high-temperature microwave plasma generator in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view showing a specific example of an air distribution plate in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram showing a specific example of a waste treatment system in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a schematic block diagram of another specific example of the waste treatment system in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a specific example of a cooling apparatus in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 100-high temperature microwave plasma generator, 101-first radio frequency antenna, 102-second radio frequency antenna, 103-first rotatable wave-transparent window, 104-second rotatable wave-transparent window, 105-first power supply, 106-second power supply, 107-shell, 108-combustion improver inlet, 109-waste inlet, 110-generated gas outlet, 111-residue outlet, 112-third power supply, 113-gas distribution plate, 114-electrode plate, 200-waste pool, 300-generated gas recycling device, 400-residue recycling device, 500-cooling device, 501-hollow cooling column, 502-column cavity and 503-cooling pipe.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; the two elements can be directly connected, indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or communicated with each other inside; either a wireless or a wired connection. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
in addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
the embodiment provides a high-temperature microwave plasma generator, which can be applied to provide high-temperature plasma flame, comprising:
Each group of microwave generating devices comprises a radio frequency antenna, a rotatable wave-transmitting window and a power supply, the radio frequency antenna is connected and positioned on the rotatable wave-transmitting window, the radio frequency antenna is used for radiating microwaves into the shell 107 of the plasma generator, the rotatable wave-transmitting window is used for transmitting the microwaves and driving the radio frequency antenna to rotate along the central axis of the shell 107, the power supply is connected with the radio frequency antenna, and the power supply is used for providing radio frequency for the radio frequency antenna; at least two rotatable wave-transmitting windows are axially arranged along the inner wall of the shell 107, the frequencies and phases of radio frequency provided by the power supplies of any two groups of microwave generating devices to the radio frequency antenna are different, and the rotatable wave-transmitting windows of any two groups of microwave generating devices are used for relative rotation;
The combustion improver inlet 108 is arranged at the central shaft at the top of the shell 107 and is used for introducing the combustion improver into the shell 107 through the combustion improver inlet 108; a waste inlet 109 is provided on a side wall of the housing 107 for passing waste into the housing 107 through the waste inlet 109; a generated gas outlet 110 is formed on the other side wall of the housing 107, and is used for discharging generated gas generated after the waste is treated out of the housing 107 through the generated gas outlet 110; the residue outlet 111 is disposed at the bottom of the housing 107, and is used for discharging residue left after treatment out of the housing 107 through the residue outlet 111.
the frequency and the phase of the radio frequency provided for the radio frequency antenna by the power supplies of any two groups of microwave generating devices are different, so that the input frequency and the phase of the microwave introduced into the shell are changed according to the mutually non-overlapping periodic wave deformation, and the positions of nodes and antinodes of standing waves in the microwave radiated into the shell are continuously changed, so that the phenomenon that the strength of the electric field is greatly different because the nodes or the antinodes are fixed at a certain position in the shell does not exist, the electric field strength in the shell can be averaged, and the uniformity is improved. Thereby improving the uniformity of the electron density (plasma density) inside the housing and providing a very uniform plasma treatment.
the rotatable wave-transmitting windows of any two groups of microwave generating devices are used for relative rotation, so that the direction of a radiation electric field between the radio frequency antennas can be adjusted, the electric field strength with almost equal strength can be radiated in all directions in the shell, the rotatable wave-transmitting windows can be always kept rotating in the whole plasma processing process according to actual needs, and the direction of the radiation electric field can be set in advance in an initial rotating mode, so that the radiation electric field strength is averaged. Thereby further improving the uniformity of the electron density (plasma density) inside the envelope.
As shown in fig. 1, the number of sets of microwave generating devices of the high-temperature microwave plasma generator is two, including: the antenna comprises a first radio frequency antenna 101, a first rotatable wave-transmitting window 103 and a first power supply 105, wherein the first radio frequency antenna 101 is connected and positioned on the first rotatable wave-transmitting window 103, and the first power supply 105 is connected with the first radio frequency antenna 101 and provides a first radio frequency signal with a first frequency and a first phase.
A second rf antenna 102, a second rotatable wave-transparent window 104 and a second power source 106, the second rf antenna 102 is connected to the second rotatable wave-transparent window 104, the second power source 106 is connected to the second rf antenna 102 and provides a second rf signal with a second frequency and a second phase different from the first rf signal. The first and second rotatable wave-transparent windows 103 and 104 are arranged up and down along the central axis of the housing 107.
the working principle of the high-temperature microwave plasma generator is as follows: the combustion improver is introduced into the shell, so that the shell is exposed to the vibration of microwaves, high heat is generated, and flame is generated in the microwave plasma generator due to the generated high heat. For example, when the combustion improver is a plasma generating gas such as steam, an inert gas, etc. for generating plasma, the plasma flame temperature generated in the microwave plasma generator may reach 2000 to 4000 ℃. When the combustion improver contains coal dust, a high-temperature region above 4000 ℃ is formed when the coal dust is combusted in plasma, and meanwhile, the coal dust particles quickly release volatile matters under the action of high-temperature thermal shock, so that peripheral coal dust airflow is quickly ignited. Further, since the plasma is a gas ionized into negatively charged electrons and positively charged cations, the ionized electrons and/or cations and the like improve the ability to decompose the object to be treated. Therefore, under the action of high-temperature plasma flame, combustion improver components are selected according to waste types to obtain a desired high-temperature range, and if the waste needs to be subjected to oxidation reduction and other treatments, corresponding components are added into the combustion improver, so that the high-temperature plasma flame treatment of solid waste (generally, the solid waste can be mostly gasified at the high temperature of more than 4000 ℃), liquid waste and gas waste is realized, and a large amount of generated gas (including hydrogen, carbon monoxide and the like) and a small amount of residues are generated.
The high-temperature microwave plasma generator provides the radio-frequency signal for the radio-frequency antenna through the power supply so as to generate a radiation electric field in the microwave plasma generator and generate high-temperature plasma flame. And the power supply provides radio frequency signals with different frequencies and phases to the radio frequency antenna, and the rotatable wave-transmitting window is arranged, so that the homogenization degree of the electron density (plasma density) in the microwave plasma generator is improved, and very uniform plasma treatment can be provided.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2A, the rf antenna is an elliptical spiral structure, so that the direction of the radiated electric field changes as it rotates, thereby achieving the adjustability of the radiated electric field strength in the microwave plasma generator. By rotating the directions of the plurality of radio-frequency antennas, the electric field can be radiated in all directions, the intensity of the radiation electric field in the shell is homogenized, and the homogenization degree is improved.
As shown in fig. 2B, the rf antenna may preferably be an illustrated elliptical spiral bifurcate structure, after one spiral line rotates for one circle, two guide lines are bifurcate, each guide line connects two spiral lines, after each spiral line rotates for one circle, two guide lines are bifurcate, each guide line connects two spiral lines, so that the bifurcate is reciprocal, the elliptical spiral winding density of the rf antenna is improved, thereby being capable of generating a larger radiation electric field intensity on the same winding area, improving the radiation efficiency, enhancing the radiation energy in the housing, and further increasing the microwave plasma density in the housing.
Preferably, the rotating speed of the rotatable wave-transparent windows of the microwave generating devices in each group is different, so that the direction adjustment of the radiation electric field is changed periodically, and the adjustment of the electric field intensity is more uniform.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the high temperature microwave plasma generator further comprises: an electrode plate 114, a third power supply 112, and a gas distribution plate 113.
the electrode plate 114 is connected and positioned at the bottom central axis of the shell 107; a third power supply 112 connected to the electrode plate 114 for supplying a radio frequency of a different frequency and phase from the power supply of the microwave generating device to the electrode plate 114; the gas distribution plate 113 is arranged below the combustion improver inlet 108 and used for enabling the combustion improver to be uniformly output after passing through the gas distribution plate 113, and the gas distribution plate 113 is grounded and used for forming a group of capacitors with the electrode plate 114.
above-mentioned high temperature microwave plasma generator through dividing the gas board, will input the combustion improver in the shell and evenly export to make the inside produced plasma of microwave plasma generator more even, help the waste decomposition ground more complete, improve decomposition efficiency. Through setting up the plate electrode, increase electric capacity in the middle part of the shell, improved the electric field strength of the weak position in middle part, increased the plasma density in middle part to plasma distribution uniformity and holistic plasma density in the shell have further been improved.
Preferably, the gas distribution plate 113 includes at least three axially arranged plates, as shown in fig. 3, the three axially arranged plates are provided, each layer of plates has water drop-shaped through holes radiating from the center to the periphery, and the water drop-shaped through holes between the plates are staggered.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the small end of the drop shape on the laminate of the gas distribution plate 113 is near the center and the large end of the drop shape is near the edge. The number of the water drop-shaped holes can be set according to actual requirements. Because the center is aligned with the combustion improver inlet 108, the combustion improver input amount is larger than that at the edge, so that in order to homogenize the output amount passing through the gas distribution plate, the center is provided with the water drop-shaped small end part, and the edge is provided with the water drop-shaped large end part, thereby achieving the continuous change of the combustion improver through hole from small to large, and achieving the homogenization effect of the combustion improver output amount after passing through the gas distribution plate by matching with the continuous change of the combustion improver input amount from large to small. And through the setting of multilayer plywood, improved the homogenization effect more, make output combustion improver distribution homogenization degree higher.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a waste treatment system for performing harmless treatment of solid, liquid and gaseous waste, as shown in fig. 5, comprising:
the high temperature microwave plasma generator 100 in example 1 for converting the waste input from the waste pool 200 into a generated gas including hydrogen, carbon monoxide, etc. and outputting; if the waste contains elements such as sulfur, nitrogen and the like, components for performing harmless treatment are also added in the corresponding combustion improver, so that reusable and harmless generated gas is generated. The waste input into the high temperature microwave plasma generator 100 includes one or more of solid waste, liquid waste, and gaseous waste.
a generated gas reuse device 300 connected to the generated gas outlet 110 of the high temperature microwave plasma generator 100, for receiving and reusing the generated gas output from the high temperature microwave plasma generator 100; for example, if the generated gas contains hydrogen, the hydrogen can be combusted and utilized to generate a large amount of heat for water heating, power generation, and the like, by utilizing the harmless and combustible properties of the hydrogen. Other generated gases can be recycled correspondingly according to the attributes of the generated gases.
and a residue recovery device 400 connected to the residue outlet 111 of the high temperature microwave plasma generator 100, for receiving and storing the residue output from the high temperature microwave plasma generator 100.
According to the waste treatment system, the high-temperature microwave plasma generator is adopted, various treatments on solid, liquid and gas wastes can be realized by utilizing the ultrahigh temperature of the high-temperature microwave plasma generator, harmless generated gas is generated, and the treatment efficiency can be improved, so that the harm to the environment caused by random discharge of polluting wastes is prevented.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 6, the waste treatment system further comprises:
And the cooling device 500 is sleeved outside the shell 107 of the high-temperature microwave plasma generator 100 and is used for rapidly cooling the middle lower part of the high-temperature microwave plasma generator 100, so that the rapid cooling effect is achieved when cooling is needed (such as in the waste treatment process or after the waste treatment is finished). Through carrying out refrigerated setting to lower part in the microwave plasma generator, can not influence the radiation electric field generating device on upper portion, avoid causing the influence to the device, guarantee the stability that the radiation electric field produced, and improved the life of device.
preferably, as shown in fig. 7, the cooling device 500 includes:
hollow cooling columns 501, wherein the hollow cooling columns 501 are uniformly distributed around the circumferential direction of the shell 107 of the high-temperature microwave plasma generator 100; the column wall of the hollow cooling column 501 on the side contacting the shell 107 is in the shape of an inward concave arc, and is matched with the shape of the shell 107; the shape of the column wall on the other side of the hollow cooling column 501 is an outward convex arc shape, so that the cross-sectional shape of the hollow cooling column 501 is similar to a curved crescent shape; the column cavity 502 of the hollow cooling column 501 is used for filling cooling liquid, and the height of the filled cooling liquid is calculated according to the required cooling time;
And the cooling pipe 503 is wound and connected on the outer convex arc-shaped column wall of the hollow cooling column 501, and cooling air is filled in the cooling pipe 503. Through the one-level cooling of cavity cooling column 501 to and the secondary cooling of cooling tube 503, improved cooling efficiency, guarantee to reach quick refrigerated effect.
it should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A high temperature microwave plasma generator, comprising:
The plasma generator comprises at least two groups of microwave generating devices, wherein each group of microwave generating devices comprises a radio frequency antenna, a rotatable wave-transmitting window and a power supply, the radio frequency antenna is connected and positioned on the rotatable wave-transmitting window, the radio frequency antenna is used for radiating microwaves to the inside of a shell (107) of the plasma generator, the rotatable wave-transmitting window is used for transmitting the microwaves and driving the radio frequency antenna to rotate along the central shaft of the shell (107), the power supply is connected with the radio frequency antenna, and the power supply is used for providing radio frequency for the radio frequency antenna; the at least two rotatable wave-transmitting windows are axially arranged along the inner wall of the shell (107), the frequency and the phase of radio frequency provided by the power supplies of any two groups of microwave generating devices to the radio frequency antenna are different, and the rotatable wave-transmitting windows of any two groups of microwave generating devices are used for relative rotation;
the combustion improver inlet (108) is arranged at the central shaft of the top of the shell (107) and is used for introducing the combustion improver into the shell (107) through the combustion improver inlet (108);
A waste inlet (109) provided on a side wall of one side of the housing (107) for introducing waste into the housing (107) through the waste inlet (109);
the generated gas outlet (110) is arranged on the side wall of the other side of the shell (107) and is used for leading the generated gas generated after the waste is treated out of the shell (107) through the generated gas outlet (110);
a residue outlet (111) arranged at the bottom of the shell (107) and used for discharging the residue left after treatment out of the shell (107) through the residue outlet (111);
the rotating speed of the rotatable wave-transmitting windows of each group of microwave generating devices is different;
The radio frequency antenna is of an elliptical spiral structure.
2. A high temperature microwave plasma generator according to claim 1 wherein the number of sets of microwave generating means is two.
3. a high temperature microwave plasma generator according to claim 1, further comprising:
An electrode plate (114) connected to the bottom center axis of the housing (107);
a third power supply (112) connected to the electrode plate (114) for supplying a radio frequency of a frequency and phase different from those of the power supply of the microwave generating device to the electrode plate (114);
The gas distribution plate (113) is arranged below the combustion improver inlet (108) and used for enabling the combustion improver to be uniformly output after passing through the gas distribution plate (113), and the gas distribution plate (113) is grounded and used for forming a group of capacitors with the electrode plate (114).
4. a high temperature microwave plasma generator according to claim 3, wherein the gas distribution plate (113) comprises at least three plates arranged axially, each plate having water drop shaped through holes diverging from the center to the periphery, the water drop shaped through holes between the plates being offset from each other.
5. a waste treatment system, comprising:
A high temperature microwave plasma generator (100) according to any of claims 1 to 4, for converting waste input from the waste pool (200) into a generated gas comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide and outputting;
The generated gas recycling device (300) is connected with the generated gas outlet (110) of the high-temperature microwave plasma generator (100) and is used for receiving and recycling the generated gas output by the high-temperature microwave plasma generator (100);
And the residue recovery device (400) is connected with the residue outlet (111) of the high-temperature microwave plasma generator (100) and is used for receiving and storing the residue output by the high-temperature microwave plasma generator (100).
6. a waste treatment system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the waste input to the high temperature microwave plasma generator (100) comprises one or more of solid waste, liquid waste and gaseous waste.
7. the waste treatment system of claim 5, further comprising:
And the cooling device (500) is sleeved outside the shell (107) of the high-temperature microwave plasma generator (100) and is used for rapidly cooling the middle lower part of the high-temperature microwave plasma generator (100).
8. waste treatment system according to claim 7, characterized in that said cooling means (500) comprise:
The hollow cooling columns (501), the hollow cooling columns (501) are uniformly distributed around the circumferential direction of the shell (107) of the high-temperature microwave plasma generator (100); the shape of the column wall of the hollow cooling column (501) at the side contacting with the shell (107) is an inward concave arc shape and is matched with the shape of the shell (107); the column wall on the other side of the hollow cooling column (501) is in an outward convex arc shape; the column cavity (502) of the hollow cooling column (501) is filled with cooling liquid, and the height of the filled cooling liquid is calculated according to the required cooling time;
and the cooling pipe (503) is wound and connected on the outer convex arc-shaped column wall of the hollow cooling column (501), and cooling air is filled in the cooling pipe (503).
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Effective date of registration: 20210603 Address after: 100144 room 805, 8 / F, building 1, yard 49, Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing Patentee after: Aerospace Shenhe (Beijing) environmental protection Co.,Ltd. Address before: 243000 West Lake Garden, Ma'anshan City, Anhui Province 69-307 Patentee before: ANHUI AEROSPACE ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. |