CN115409887B - A method and apparatus for measuring the condensation frost heave deformation field. - Google Patents
A method and apparatus for measuring the condensation frost heave deformation field.Info
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- CN115409887B CN115409887B CN202210951034.3A CN202210951034A CN115409887B CN 115409887 B CN115409887 B CN 115409887B CN 202210951034 A CN202210951034 A CN 202210951034A CN 115409887 B CN115409887 B CN 115409887B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种针对分凝冻胀变形场的测量方法及装置，属于冻土测量技术领域。该方法一具体实施方式包括：首先，分别获取冻土目标区域在分凝冻胀前以及在分凝冻胀过程中的所有灰度图，形成第一灰度图序列；其中，灰度图具有采集时间标签；其次，针对第一灰度图序列中任一灰度图：对灰度图进行图像处理，得到准分析图像；之后，基于若干准分析图像形成的第二灰度图序列确定参考时间序列；最后基于参考时间序列中参考时间的触发，针对第二灰度图序列DIC分析过程中的参考图像执行更新操作，得到分凝冻胀变形场。由此，在无需使用示踪粒子的情况下，能够在细粒土分凝冻胀过程中对细粒土分凝冻胀变场进行非接触式测量，提高了测量的精度。
This invention discloses a method and apparatus for measuring the frost heave deformation field, belonging to the field of frozen soil measurement technology. A specific implementation of the method includes: first, acquiring all grayscale images of the target frozen soil area before and during frost heave, forming a first grayscale image sequence; wherein the grayscale images have acquisition time labels; second, for any grayscale image in the first grayscale image sequence: performing image processing to obtain a quasi-analysis image; then, determining a reference time sequence based on a second grayscale image sequence formed from several quasi-analysis images; finally, based on the triggering of the reference time in the reference time sequence, performing an update operation on the reference image in the DIC analysis process of the second grayscale image sequence to obtain the frost heave deformation field. Therefore, without using tracer particles, non-contact measurement of the frost heave deformation field of fine-grained soil during the frost heave process can be performed, improving measurement accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of frozen soil measurement, and particularly relates to a measurement method and device for a partial freezing and swelling deformation field.
Background
China is a large country of frozen soil, and permafrost and seasonal frozen soil respectively account for 22.4% and 53.5% of the total area of territorial soil. In recent years, great economic actions of Western gas and eastern transportation, western electric eastern transportation, china European Ban Lie transportation, china Russian transportation pipeline and the like in China relate to foundation engineering for building a permanent frozen soil area and a seasonal frozen soil area which pass through a large area. The frost heaving and thawing of the frozen soil in the cold region lead to the fact that the foundation engineering in the cold region in China is in a normal bad and normal repair state, so that the foundation engineering in the cold region has important influence on the economic construction and the national defense infrastructure construction in China. In order to quantify the deformation characteristics of frozen soil in cold areas and the influence of the deformation of the frozen soil on a basic structure, a plurality of existing methods exist. The first method is to simulate the deformation process of frozen soil in cold areas by adopting an indoor model test, set a plurality of displacement measuring points and reflect the deformation characteristics of the frozen soil in each area by a displacement meter. The method has the obvious defects that (1) the number of displacement meters is limited, the deformation of frozen soil on the surface or at a specific depth can be reflected only, the method belongs to the field of local measurement, the measured data is less, the universality is limited, and (2) continuous and nondestructive measurement cannot be carried out on the growth process of frozen soil ice separating and freezing. The second method is to calculate the thickness of the partial ice by adopting a digital picture analysis method, and the digital picture analysis method relies on manual threshold value distinction to calculate the thickness of the partial ice, so that the method has the defects of large workload, difficult automation, large influence of human factors and the like. The third method, digital image correlation analysis (DIC) is a non-contact full-field deformation observation method, and is widely applied to mechanical structure and hydrodynamic experiments. The core algorithm of the digital image correlation analysis method is a digital image normalization cross-correlation algorithm, and the deformation field is back calculated by analyzing the change of the cross-correlation peak positions of gray pictures before and after the picture deformation in the test process. Because the method requires the surface of the object to be measured to have obvious inherent characteristics so as to obtain obvious correlation peaks, the direct application of the DIC method to fine frozen soil has the following challenges that the surface of fine frozen soil does not have obvious surface textures and cannot obtain stable correlation peaks, ice water phase transformation exists in the deformation process of fine frozen soil, and the searching precision of the correlation peaks can be influenced by gray level change caused by the ice water phase transformation.
Aiming at the problems of the DIC method, the existing solutions comprise an artificial soil substitution method, a single-color tracer particle method and a double-color tracer particle method. The artificial soil replacing method mainly adopts single-color quartz sand grinding to manufacture artificial transparent soil for frost heaving analysis, and the artificial transparent soil has clear surface texture and can be directly used for non-contact measurement. The single-color tracing particle method mainly adopts single-color large-particle-size quartz sand as tracing particles, and increases the surface texture characteristics of the soil body, so that the displacement field of the soil body surface can be inverted. The bicolor tracer particle method is mainly to arrange a layer of black-white bicolor graded quartz sand as tracer particles on an image acquisition surface of a soil body so as to reflect a frost heaving deformation field of frozen soil.
However, the artificial soil substitution method has the defects that the artificial soil is single in property, the particle shape and the grading are greatly different from those of natural frozen soil in the nature, and the freezing expansion test result of the artificial soil cannot objectively represent the segregation deformation characteristic of the frozen soil in the nature. The single-color tracer particle method has the defect that the single-color tracer particle cannot effectively avoid gray characteristic changes generated when pore water freezes, and the DIC algorithm can identify the downward movement process of a freezing front as displacement changes, so that measurement errors are caused. The bicolor tracer particle method has the following defects that bicolor tracer particles can effectively resist the change of the gray scale characteristics of pictures caused by pore water phase change to a certain extent, but the arrangement thickness of the tracer particles is strict, the operation process is complex, and meanwhile, the property change of a soil body to be detected can be caused by the mass doping of the tracer particles, so that the frost heaving characteristic of the original soil body can not be effectively reflected. Therefore, in view of the drawbacks of the existing non-contact measurement methods for the segregation deformation of fine frozen soil. For this reason, it is highly desirable to provide an effective non-contact measurement method to improve the measurement accuracy of fine-grained soil deformation sites.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a measuring method and a measuring device for a segregated frost heaving deformation field. According to the method, the congealing frost heaving deformation field of the frozen soil can be effectively measured without doping any trace particle in the frozen soil, and the precision of non-contact measurement is improved.
In order to achieve the aim, according to a first aspect of the embodiment of the application, a measuring method for a partial freezing and frost heaving deformation field is provided, wherein the method comprises the steps of respectively obtaining all gray images of a frozen soil target area before partial freezing and frost heaving and in the process of partial freezing and frost heaving to form a first gray image sequence, wherein the gray images are provided with a collection time label, carrying out image processing on the gray images for any gray image in the first gray image sequence to obtain a quasi-analysis image, determining a reference time sequence based on a second gray image sequence formed by a plurality of quasi-analysis images, and carrying out updating operation on the reference image in the process of DIC analysis of the second gray image sequence based on triggering of reference time in the reference time sequence to obtain the partial freezing and frost heaving deformation field.
The method comprises the steps of determining a reference time sequence based on a second gray map sequence formed by a plurality of quasi-analysis images, wherein the reference time sequence comprises the steps of calculating the crack area of each crack area in the quasi-analysis image for any quasi-analysis image, determining the total crack area corresponding to the quasi-analysis image based on the crack areas, constructing a crack area-time curve based on the total crack area corresponding to each quasi-analysis image in the second gray map sequence and the acquisition time, and determining the time corresponding to the turning point of the crack area-time curve as the reference time to obtain the reference time sequence.
Optionally, the step of performing an update operation on the reference image in the second gray map sequence DIC analysis process based on the triggering of the reference time in the reference time sequence to obtain the partial freezing and swelling deformation field includes selecting a gray image corresponding to the reference time from the second gray map sequence based on the triggering of the reference time in the reference time sequence, or selecting a gray image corresponding to a time before the reference time and adjacent to the reference time from the second gray map sequence based on the triggering of the reference time in the reference time sequence, and taking the selected gray image as a current reference image in the second gray map sequence DIC analysis process to obtain the partial freezing and swelling deformation field.
Optionally, the image processing is performed on the gray level image to obtain a quasi-analysis image, wherein the image processing is performed on the gray level image to obtain a pre-analysis image, convolution kernel size information of image convolution processing is determined, and on-off operation is performed on the pre-analysis image based on the convolution kernel to obtain the quasi-analysis image.
The method comprises the steps of selecting a gray level image, carrying out image processing on the gray level image to obtain a pre-analysis image, carrying out histogram equalization processing on the gray level image to obtain a processed image, dividing the processed image into a plurality of target areas, carrying out threshold filtering on the target area aiming at any one of the target areas to obtain a filtered image, and splicing the plurality of filtered images to generate the pre-analysis image.
Optionally, the filtering the target area to obtain a filtered image includes obtaining all gray values, average gray values and maximum gray values of the target area, judging whether the gray values are larger than the average gray values for any gray value, updating the gray values to the maximum gray values of the target area if the judging result indicates that the gray values are larger than the average gray values, updating the gray values to zero if the judging result indicates that the gray values are not larger than the average gray values, and obtaining the filtered image based on all gray value updating results of the target area.
Optionally, the method comprises the steps of respectively obtaining all gray level images of a frozen soil target area before and during the process of fractional freezing and frost heave to form a first gray level image sequence, obtaining a first original gray level image corresponding to frozen soil before fractional freezing and frost heave and all second original gray level images corresponding to frozen soil during the process of fractional freezing and frost heave, respectively extracting images of the same target area from the first original gray level image and each second original gray level image to obtain a plurality of gray level images, and labeling the gray level images based on the acquisition time to generate a gray level image with an acquisition time label for any gray level image, and arranging the gray level images with labels according to the sequence of the acquisition time to generate the first gray level image sequence.
In order to achieve the aim, according to a second aspect of the embodiment of the application, a measuring device for a partial freezing and frost heave deformation field is provided, which comprises an acquisition module, an image processing module and a determining module, wherein the acquisition module is used for respectively acquiring all gray maps of a frozen soil target area before partial freezing and frost heave and in the partial freezing and frost heave process to form a first gray map sequence, the gray maps are provided with acquisition time labels, the image processing module is used for carrying out image processing on the gray maps to obtain a quasi-analysis image for any gray map in the first gray map sequence, the determining module is used for determining a reference time sequence based on a second gray map sequence formed by a plurality of quasi-analysis images, and the updating module is used for executing updating operation for the reference image in the second gray map sequence DIC analysis process based on triggering of the reference time in the reference time sequence to obtain the partial freezing and frost heave deformation field.
The determining module comprises a calculating unit, a curve constructing unit and a determining unit, wherein the calculating unit is used for calculating the crack area of each crack area in any quasi-analysis image, determining the total crack area corresponding to the quasi-analysis image based on a plurality of crack areas, the curve constructing unit is used for constructing a crack area-time curve based on the total crack area corresponding to each quasi-analysis image and the acquisition time in a second gray scale image sequence, and the determining unit is used for determining the time corresponding to the turning point of the crack area-time curve as reference time to obtain a reference time sequence.
To achieve the above object, according to a third aspect of embodiments of the present application, there is provided a computer-readable medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method according to the first aspect.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention provides a measuring method and a measuring device for a partial freezing and frost heaving deformation field, wherein the method comprises the steps of firstly, respectively obtaining all gray maps of a frozen soil target area before partial freezing and frost heaving and in the partial freezing and frost heaving process to form a first gray map sequence; the gray level images are provided with acquisition time labels, and then any gray level image in the first gray level image sequence is subjected to image processing to obtain quasi-analysis images, then a reference time sequence is determined based on a second gray level image sequence formed by a plurality of quasi-analysis images, and finally update operation is carried out on the reference images in the DIC analysis process of the second gray level image sequence based on triggering of reference time in the reference time sequence to obtain the partial freezing and swelling deformation field. Therefore, under the condition that trace particles are not needed, non-contact measurement can be carried out on the fine-grained soil segregation frost heave field in the fine-grained soil segregation frost heave process, and the measurement precision is improved.
Drawings
Some specific embodiments of the invention will be described in detail hereinafter by way of example and not by way of limitation with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts or portions. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. In the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 is a flow chart of a measurement method for a partial freezing and swelling deformation field according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a reference time sequence determination process according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a gray scale map and a corresponding gray scale histogram without using histogram equalization before and after partial freezing and swelling deformation, wherein, the map a represents the gray scale map before partial freezing and swelling, the map b represents the gray scale map after partial freezing and swelling, and the map c represents the gray scale histogram;
FIG. 4 is a processed image before and after partial freezing and swelling deformation and a corresponding gray level histogram, wherein FIG. a shows a gray level diagram before partial freezing and swelling, FIG. b shows a gray level diagram after partial freezing and swelling, and FIG. c shows a gray level histogram;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the filtering before and after the partial freezing and swelling deformation and the corresponding gray level histogram, wherein the graph a shows the filtering before the partial freezing and swelling, the graph b shows the filtering after the partial freezing and swelling, and the graph c shows the gray level histogram;
FIG. 6 is a quasi-analytical image of the invention before and after segregation frost heave deformation;
FIG. 7 is a graph of crack area versus time for a second gray scale sequence of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a correspondence between a reference image and a current analysis image in a conventional DIC analysis method;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a correspondence between a reference image and a current analysis image in a method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a differential frost heave deformation field measured based on a conventional DIC analysis method and an embodiment method of the present invention, respectively;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a measurement device for a partial freezing and swelling deformation field according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions according to the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for measuring a partial freezing and swelling deformation field according to an embodiment of the invention.
A method of measuring a partial freezing and expanding deformation field, the method comprising at least the steps of:
s101, respectively acquiring all gray level images of a frozen soil target area before and during the partial freezing and frost heaving process to form a first gray level image sequence, wherein the gray level images have acquisition time labels;
S102, aiming at any gray level image in the first gray level image sequence, performing image processing on the gray level image to obtain a quasi-analysis image;
s103, determining a reference time sequence based on a second gray scale image sequence formed by a plurality of quasi-analysis images;
s104, based on the triggering of the reference time in the reference time sequence, updating operation is carried out on the reference image in the DIC analysis process of the second gray level image sequence, and the partial freezing and swelling deformation field is obtained.
In S101, gray maps of the frozen soil target area before the segregation frost expansion and all gray maps of the frozen soil target area in the segregation frost expansion process are arranged according to the sequence of the acquisition time, so as to generate a first gray map sequence.
Here, each gray map in the first gray map sequence may also be numbered according to the acquisition time sequence. For example, the 1 st gray scale map in the first sequence of gray scale maps is numbered img0001, and the 2 nd gray scale map is numbered img0001, where img is the prefix of the number.
It should be noted that, when taking a gray scale image of a frozen earth target area, it is necessary to ensure that the resolution of the target area is higher than 600×2500 pixels, and also care should be taken to avoid a significant halation in the target area during taking the image.
In S102, for any gray level in the first gray level sequence, histogram equalization processing is carried out on the gray level to obtain a quasi-analysis image, or threshold screening is carried out on the gray level after histogram equalization processing is carried out on the gray level to obtain a pre-analysis image, and then image convolution processing is carried out on the pre-analysis image to obtain the quasi-analysis image.
Therefore, the gray level images in the first gray level image sequence are subjected to image processing, so that crack areas generated by segregation frost heaving can be effectively filtered and highlighted, and further DIC analysis is facilitated.
In S103, the second gray level image sequence is input into a trained recognition model, the recognition model performs recognition analysis on the image features of the quasi-analysis images in the second gray level image sequence, and the last acquisition time when the image features are significantly changed is used as a reference time to be output. Therefore, the reference time for updating the reference image in the DIC analysis process of the second gray level image sequence can be accurately determined, and the accuracy of calculating the partial condensation frost heaving deformation field is improved.
In S104, in the DIC analysis of the second gray scale sequence, a quasi-analysis image corresponding to the reference time is selected from the second gray scale sequence based on the trigger of the reference time in the reference time sequence, the selected quasi-analysis image is used as the current reference image of the DIC analysis, thereby continuously updating the current reference image in the DIC analysis based on the trigger of each reference time in the reference time sequence, and the DIC analysis is performed on all the quasi-analysis images in the second gray scale sequence, thereby finally generating the partial congelation and frost-heave deformation field.
It should be noted that, since there are several reference times in the reference time sequence, the update operation for triggering the current reference image based on the reference time is also performed several times.
The method comprises the steps of carrying out image processing on gray images in a first gray image sequence, enhancing crack characteristics of segregation and frost heaving, determining a reference time sequence for updating a reference image in the DIC analysis process according to crack characteristic change conditions of quasi-analysis images in a second gray image sequence, and finally selecting the quasi-analysis image corresponding to the reference time from the second gray image sequence as a current reference image in the DIC analysis process of the second gray image sequence based on triggering of the reference time in the reference time sequence. Therefore, the embodiment updates the reference image in time at the moment when the image features are obviously changed, is beneficial to reducing the feature difference of the reference image and the current analysis image, ensures that the cross-correlation matrix has obvious correlation peaks, is convenient for searching the partial freezing and expanding deformation field, and improves the accuracy of measuring the partial freezing and expanding field.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating a reference time sequence determination according to an embodiment of the invention.
In a preferred implementation of this embodiment, determining the reference time sequence includes at least the following steps:
S201, aiming at any quasi-analysis image, calculating the crack area of each crack area in the quasi-analysis image;
s202, constructing a crack area-time curve based on the total crack area and the acquisition time corresponding to each quasi-analysis image in the second gray scale image sequence;
s203, determining the time corresponding to the turning point of the crack area-time curve as the reference time, and obtaining a reference time sequence.
The method comprises the steps of counting the crack area of each closed crack area in the quasi-analysis image by using an image convolution algorithm, and summing the crack areas corresponding to all the closed crack areas to obtain the total crack area Sc (unit: pixel 2) of the quasi-analysis image. And drawing a crack area-time curve (Sc-t curve) based on the total crack area of each quasi-analysis image in the second gray map sequence and the corresponding acquisition time. And (3) obtaining a second derivative of the Sc-t curve, and determining the time corresponding to the second derivative equal to 0 as the reference time.
The turning point of the Sc-t curve represents that after the moment, the characteristics of the image cracks start to change, for example, new segregation cracks exist in the freezing process, and the segregation cracks completely close and disappear in the melting process. In the process of frozen soil fractional condensation and frost heaving, as the image features change obviously, when DIC analysis is carried out on the second gray image sequence, the reference image needs to be updated in time at the moment of obvious change of the image features, which is helpful for reducing the feature difference between the reference image and the current analysis image, so that the cross-correlation matrix has obvious correlation peaks, thereby being convenient for searching the fractional condensation and frost heaving deformation field and improving the accuracy of measurement of the fractional condensation and frost heaving field
The traditional method does not update the reference image, and because the gray level image before the partial freezing and swelling is adopted as the reference image in the whole DIC analysis process, the characteristic difference between the reference image and the current analysis image is overlarge, so that the peak value of the cross-correlation matrix disappears, and the measurement failure of the partial freezing and swelling deformation field is caused.
Because the time point when the concave-convex property in the Sc-t curve is obviously changed, that is, the time point when the image characteristics of the frozen soil target area are obviously changed, the time point when the concave-convex property in the Sc-t curve corresponding to the second gray scale image sequence is obviously changed is determined as the reference time, so that the accuracy of determining the reference time is improved.
In a preferred implementation manner of this embodiment, the step of performing an update operation on the reference image in the second gray map sequence DIC analysis process to obtain the partial frost heaving deformation field at least includes the following steps:
S301, selecting a gray image corresponding to a reference time from a second gray image sequence based on triggering of the reference time in the reference time sequence;
S302, taking the selected gray image as a current reference image in the DIC analysis process of the second gray image sequence.
Or alternatively
S301, selecting a gray image which is positioned before the reference time and corresponds to the time adjacent to the reference time from the second gray image sequence based on the triggering of the reference time in the reference time sequence;
S302, taking the selected gray image as a current reference image in the DIC analysis process of the second gray image sequence.
Specifically, based on triggering of a reference time in a reference time sequence, the reference time is used as a time index, whether a gray image corresponding to the reference time exists in a second gray image sequence is inquired, if so, the gray image corresponding to the reference time is selected from the second gray image sequence, if not, the gray image corresponding to the acquisition time which is positioned before the reference time and is adjacent to the reference time is selected from the second gray image sequence, and the selected gray image is used as a current reference image in the DIC analysis process of the second gray image sequence.
According to the embodiment, the gray level image related to the reference time is selected from the second gray level image sequence based on the triggering of the reference time, and the selected gray level image is used as the current reference image in the DIC analysis process of the second gray level image sequence, so that the characteristic difference between the reference image and the current analysis image in the DIC analysis process is reduced, the cross-correlation matrix has obvious related peaks, and the cross-correlation matrix is convenient to search for the partial freezing and swelling deformation field.
In a further preferred implementation of the present embodiment, the obtaining the quasi-analysis image includes at least the following steps:
S401, performing image processing on the gray level image to obtain a pre-analysis image;
s402, determining convolution kernel size information of image convolution processing;
S403, performing opening and closing operation on the pre-analysis image based on the convolution kernel to obtain a quasi-analysis image.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining the crack length of the longest segregation crack and the crack width of the narrowest segregation crack in a pre-analysis image, taking 1/4 of the obtained crack length as the long axis of an elliptic convolution kernel, such as a pixel, and taking the obtained crack width as the short axis of the elliptic convolution kernel, such as bpixel, determining the size information of the elliptic convolution kernel based on the long axis and the short axis, and filtering and highlighting the crack area generated by segregation by effectively utilizing the convolution kernel, so that DIC analysis of a later second gray image sequence is facilitated.
In a further preferred implementation manner of the embodiment, the image processing is performed on the gray level image to obtain a pre-analysis image, and the method at least comprises the following steps of S1, performing histogram equalization processing on the gray level image to obtain a processed image, S2, dividing the processed image into a plurality of target areas, S3, performing threshold filtering on the target area for any target area to obtain a filtered image, and S4, splicing the plurality of filtered images to generate the pre-analysis image.
Specifically, the histogram equalization algorithm does not change the displacement information of the original gray level image, but spreads the gray level distribution curve of the gray level image over the whole gray level value space, namely 0-255, so as to strengthen the contrast of the gray level image and further highlight the detail information of the gray level image.
When histogram equalization processing is performed on the gray level image, the formula is shown in the formula, f is assumed to be a matrix of the gray level image, the size is m r*mc, the numerical range of each element in the matrix is 0~L-1, and L in image analysis is 255:
Where p is a normalized histogram of f, n is any integer in the 0~L-1 range, and p n represents the frequency of occurrence of pixels having a gray scale value of n. floor () is a round-down rounding function. g is the image after histogram equalization and i, j is the index of the pixels in the image.
The histogram equalization algorithm is utilized to perform histogram equalization processing on the gray map, so that the difference of gray characteristic distribution of a frozen soil target area before and after segregation frost heaving deformation can be effectively reduced.
Further, threshold filtering is carried out on the target area to obtain a filtered image, and the method at least comprises the steps of obtaining all gray values, average gray values and maximum gray values of the target area, judging whether the gray value is larger than the average gray value for any gray value, updating the gray value to the maximum gray value of the target area if the judging result represents that the gray value is larger than the average gray value, updating the gray value to zero if the judging result represents that the gray value is not larger than the average gray value, and obtaining the filtered image based on all gray value updating results of the target area.
The target area is subjected to threshold filtering by adopting an adaptive threshold algorithm, and the specific formula is shown in the formula:
wherein m' and m represent the pixel matrix of the original picture and the threshold filtered picture, respectively. (x, y) is that the position index α of each pixel in the matrix is a non-zero integer, suggesting a fetch of 255.T is the pixel threshold and the pixel value is adjusted when it is above this threshold.
Therefore, the filtering value of the processed image is filtered, the influence of ice water phase change can be weakened, the segregation crack characteristics of frozen soil can be clearly reflected in the filtered image, and the statistics of the closed crack area of the rear end is facilitated.
In a further preferred implementation manner of this embodiment, all gray maps of the frozen soil target area before and during the partial freezing and frost heaving are obtained respectively, so as to form a first gray map sequence, which at least includes the following steps:
s1, acquiring a first original gray level image corresponding to frozen soil before fractional condensation and frost heaving and all second original gray level images corresponding to the frozen soil in the fractional condensation and frost heaving process;
s2, respectively extracting images of the same target area from the first original gray level image and each second original gray level image to obtain a plurality of gray level images;
s3, aiming at any gray level image, acquiring the acquisition time of the gray level image, labeling the gray level image based on the acquisition time, and generating a gray level image with an acquisition time label;
S4, arranging a plurality of gray level images with labels according to the sequence of the acquisition time to generate a first gray level image sequence.
It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the sequence numbers of the foregoing processes do not mean the order of execution, and the order of execution of the processes should be determined by the functions and the inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.
At present, in the measurement process of the partial freezing and frost-heaving deformation field, gray level images before partial freezing and frost-heaving are mostly adopted as reference images, direct cross-correlation analysis is carried out on all gray level images in the frost-heaving process, and the partial freezing and frost-heaving deformation field of the frozen soil is reversely calculated according to the peak position of a cross-correlation matrix. However, in the process of fractional condensation and frost heaving of fine soil, one or more fractional condensation cracks with continuously changing widths are often generated, so that the characteristic difference between a reference image and a current analysis image in a pair of images subjected to cross-correlation analysis is too large, and further, a fractional condensation and frost heaving deformation field cannot be effectively acquired.
The method of this embodiment will be described in detail with reference to specific applications, and the specific procedures are as follows.
S1, acquiring a first original gray image corresponding to frozen soil before fractional condensation and frost heaving and all second original gray images corresponding to frozen soil in the process of fractional condensation and frost heaving, respectively extracting images of the same target area from the first original gray image and each second original gray image to obtain a plurality of gray images, acquiring acquisition time of the gray images for any gray image, labeling the gray images based on the acquisition time to generate a gray image with an acquisition time label, and arranging the gray images with the labels according to the sequence of the acquisition time to generate a first gray image sequence.
And S2, carrying out histogram equalization processing on the gray level images aiming at any gray level image in the first gray level image sequence to obtain processed images.
Fig. 3 shows a gray scale map and a gray scale histogram without using a histogram equalization process before and after frost heaving deformation according to the present invention, wherein fig. a shows a gray scale map before partial frost heaving, fig. b shows a gray scale map after partial frost heaving, and fig. c shows a gray scale histogram.
Fig. 4 shows an image after processing before and after frost heaving deformation and a corresponding gray level histogram, wherein fig. a shows a gray level diagram before partial freezing and frost heaving, fig. b shows a gray level diagram after partial freezing and frost heaving, and fig. c shows a gray level histogram.
Therefore, after the histogram equalization treatment, the characteristics of the cracks caused by the frozen soil segregation and frost heaving are more obvious, and the gray scale difference between the upper frozen area and the bottom unfrozen area is further increased.
The method comprises the steps of S3, dividing a processed image into a plurality of target areas, obtaining all gray values, average gray values and maximum gray values of the target areas for any target area, judging whether the gray values are larger than the average gray values or not for any gray values, updating the gray values to the maximum gray values of the target areas if the judging result represents that the gray values are larger than the average gray values, updating the gray values to zero if the judging result represents that the gray values are not larger than the average gray values, and obtaining a filtered image based on all gray value updating results of the target areas.
Fig. 5 shows a filtered image before and after partial freezing and swelling deformation and a corresponding gray level histogram, wherein fig. a shows a filtered image before partial freezing and swelling, fig. b shows a filtered image after partial freezing and swelling, and fig. c shows a gray level histogram.
From the filtered images before and after the segregation frost heaving deformation, the whole image has the speckle characteristic and has no obvious black-white transition area. From the corresponding gray level histogram results, the image gray level statistical characteristics before and after the segregation frost heaving deformation are quite close.
And S4, splicing a plurality of filtered images to generate a pre-analysis image, determining convolution kernel size information of image convolution processing, and performing opening and closing operation on the pre-analysis image based on convolution kernel to obtain a quasi-analysis image.
As shown in fig. 6, the quasi-analysis images before and after the segregation frost heave deformation of the present invention are shown;
From the quasi-analysis images before and after the segregation frost heave deformation, obvious cracks do not appear in the frozen soil before the segregation frost heave, and black transverse lines in the quasi-analysis images are tiny cracks caused by local dry shrinkage of the soil body in the sample preparation process. After segregation frost heaving, the cracks caused by segregation are clearly visible in the quasi-analysis image, and the image convolution algorithm aims at the cracks.
S5, calculating the crack area of each crack area in the quasi-analysis image according to any quasi-analysis image, determining the total crack area corresponding to the quasi-analysis image based on a plurality of crack areas, constructing a crack area-time curve based on the total crack area corresponding to each quasi-analysis image in the second gray scale image sequence, and determining the time corresponding to the turning point of the crack area-time curve as reference time to obtain a reference time sequence.
Fig. 7 shows a crack area-time curve corresponding to the second gray scale sequence in the application example of the present invention. And updating the reference image at the moment corresponding to the turning point of the curve in the analysis process. The turning point of the Sc-t curve represents that after the moment, the characteristics of the image cracks start to change, for example, new segregation cracks are generated in the freezing process, and the segregation cracks are completely closed and disappear in the melting process. These variations in image characteristics can cause excessive differences in the characteristics of the reference image and the current analysis image in the cross-correlation analysis.
And S6, selecting a gray image corresponding to the reference time from the second gray image sequence based on the triggering of the reference time in the reference time sequence, or selecting a gray image which is positioned before the reference time and corresponds to the time adjacent to the reference time from the second gray image sequence based on the triggering of the reference time in the reference time sequence, and taking the selected gray image as the current reference image in the DIC analysis process of the second gray image sequence.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the correspondence between the reference image and the current analysis image in the conventional DIC analysis method, and fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the correspondence between the reference image and the current analysis image in the method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
As can be seen from the mapping relationship between the reference image and the current analysis image in fig. 8, the reference image is always fixed, and the reference image is the initial reference image. As can be seen from the mapping relationship between the reference image and the current analysis image in fig. 9, in the method according to the embodiment of the present invention, the first reference image is an initial reference image, and then the reference image is an updated reference image that changes in real time according to the image crack characteristics. The image change during thawing and refreezing can also be clearly shown according to fig. 9. Comparing fig. 8 and fig. 9, it can be known that the method according to the embodiment of the invention updates the reference image when the frozen soil cooling structure is obviously changed, so as to reduce the characteristic difference of the image pairs in the DIC analysis process, and further can effectively obtain the wind congealing expansion deformation field.
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the differential frost heave strain fields measured based on the conventional DIC analysis method and the method according to the embodiment of the present invention, respectively.
As can be seen from fig. 10, the conventional DIC method directly performs the cross-correlation analysis on the gray image, and this method recognizes the downward movement process of the frozen cover as the deformation process of the frozen soil, resulting in the erroneous result as shown in fig. a. The measurement result conforming to the frost heaving rule shown in the graph b can be obtained by adopting the invention.
Therefore, when the characteristic difference between the reference image and the current analysis image is overlarge, the reference image is updated to reduce the characteristic difference between the reference image and the current analysis image, so that the non-contact high-precision measurement of frost heaving deformation of fine soil is realized, and the error brought to displacement measurement in the process of generating the segregation cracks is effectively overcome.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a measuring device for a partial freezing and swelling deformation field according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device 110 comprises an acquisition module 111 for respectively acquiring all gray images of a frozen soil target area before and during the process of partial freezing expansion to form a first gray image sequence, an image processing module 112 for carrying out image processing on the gray images of any gray image in the first gray image sequence to obtain quasi-analysis images, a determination module 113 for determining a reference time sequence based on a second gray image sequence formed by a plurality of quasi-analysis images, and an updating module 114 for carrying out updating operation on the reference images in the second gray image sequence DIC analysis process based on triggering of reference time in the reference time sequence to obtain the partial freezing expansion deformation field.
In a preferred embodiment, the determining module comprises a calculating unit, a curve constructing unit and a determining unit, wherein the calculating unit is used for calculating the crack area of each crack area in any quasi-analysis image, determining the total crack area corresponding to the quasi-analysis image based on a plurality of crack areas, the curve constructing unit is used for constructing a crack area-time curve based on the total crack area corresponding to each quasi-analysis image in a second gray scale image sequence, and the determining unit is used for determining the time corresponding to the turning point of the crack area-time curve as a reference time to obtain a reference time sequence.
In a preferred embodiment, the updating module comprises a selection unit for selecting a gray image corresponding to the reference time from the second gray image sequence based on the triggering of the reference time in the reference time sequence, or for selecting a gray image corresponding to the time before the reference time and adjacent to the reference time from the second gray image sequence based on the triggering of the reference time in the reference time sequence, and a determination unit for taking the selected gray image as the current reference image in the DIC analysis process of the second gray image sequence.
In a preferred embodiment, the image processing module comprises an image processing unit, a determining unit and an image convolution processing unit, wherein the image processing unit is used for performing image processing on the gray level image to obtain a pre-analysis image, the determining unit is used for determining convolution kernel size information of image convolution processing, and the image convolution processing unit is used for performing opening and closing operation on the pre-analysis image based on the convolution check to obtain a quasi-analysis image.
In a preferred embodiment, the image processing unit comprises a histogram equalization processing subunit, a dividing subunit, a filtering subunit and a generating subunit, wherein the histogram equalization processing subunit is used for carrying out histogram equalization processing on the gray level image to obtain a processed image, the dividing subunit is used for dividing the processed image into a plurality of target areas, the filtering subunit is used for carrying out threshold value filtering on the target area for any one of the target areas to obtain a filtered image, and the generating subunit is used for splicing the plurality of filtered images to generate a pre-analysis image.
In a preferred embodiment, the filtering subunit includes an acquiring unit configured to acquire all gray values, an average gray value, and a maximum gray value of the target area, a gray value updating unit configured to determine, for any one of the gray values, whether the gray value is greater than the average gray value, update the gray value to the maximum gray value of the target area if the determination result indicates that the gray value is greater than the average gray value, update the gray value to zero if the determination result indicates that the gray value is not greater than the average gray value, and obtain a filtered image based on the update result of all the gray values of the target area.
In a preferred embodiment, the acquisition module comprises an acquisition unit for acquiring a first original gray image corresponding to frozen soil before fractional setting and frost heaving and all second original gray images corresponding to frozen soil in the fractional setting and frost heaving process, an extraction unit for respectively extracting images of the same target area from the first original gray image and each second original gray image to obtain a plurality of gray images, a marking unit for acquiring acquisition time of the gray images for any gray image, labeling the gray images based on the acquisition time to generate a gray image with an acquisition time label, and a generation unit for arranging the gray images with labels according to the sequence of the acquisition time to generate a first gray image sequence.
The device can execute the measuring method for the partial freezing and swelling deformation field provided by the embodiment of the invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of executing the measuring method for the partial freezing and swelling deformation field. Technical details which are not described in detail in the present embodiment can be referred to the measurement method for the partial freezing and expanding deformation field provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
The invention also provides electronic equipment, which comprises a processor, a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor, and the processor for reading the executable instructions from the memory and executing the instructions to realize the measuring method for the partial freezing and swelling deformation field.
In addition to the methods and apparatus described above, embodiments of the application may also be a computer program product comprising computer program instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform steps in a method according to various embodiments of the application described in the "exemplary methods" section of this specification.
The computer program product may write program code for performing operations of embodiments of the present application in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computing device, partly on the user's device, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computing device, partly on a remote computing device, or entirely on the remote computing device or server.
Furthermore, embodiments of the present application may also be a computer-readable storage medium, having stored thereon computer program instructions, which when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform steps in a method according to the following embodiments of the present application described in the "exemplary method" section above.
The computer readable storage medium may employ any combination of one or more readable media. The readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. The readable storage medium may include, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or a combination of any of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of a readable storage medium include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
The basic principles of the present application have been described above in connection with specific embodiments, but it should be noted that the advantages, benefits, effects, etc. mentioned in the present application are merely examples and not intended to be limiting, and these advantages, benefits, effects, etc. are not to be construed as necessarily possessed by the various embodiments of the application. Furthermore, the specific details disclosed herein are for purposes of illustration and understanding only, and are not intended to be limiting, as the application is not necessarily limited to practice with the above described specific details.
The block diagrams of the devices, apparatuses, devices, systems referred to in the present application are only illustrative examples and are not intended to require or imply that the connections, arrangements, configurations must be made in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the devices, apparatuses, devices, systems may be connected, arranged, configured in any manner. Words such as "including," "comprising," "having," and the like are words of openness and mean "including but not limited to," and are used interchangeably therewith. The terms "or" and "as used herein refer to and are used interchangeably with the term" and/or "unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term "such as" as used herein refers to, and is used interchangeably with, the phrase "such as, but not limited to.
It is also noted that in the apparatus, devices and methods of the present application, the components or steps may be disassembled and/or assembled. Such decomposition and/or recombination should be considered as equivalent aspects of the present application.
The previous description of the disclosed aspects is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present application. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the scope of the application. Thus, the present application is not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
The foregoing description has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit embodiments of the application to the form disclosed herein. Although a number of example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, a person of ordinary skill in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and subcombinations thereof.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that variations or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method of measuring a partial freezing and swelling deformation field, the method comprising:
Respectively obtaining all gray maps of a frozen soil target area before and during the partial congealing and frost heaving process to form a first gray map sequence, wherein the gray maps are provided with acquisition time stamp labels;
Image processing is carried out on the gray level images to obtain quasi-analysis images aiming at any gray level image in the first gray level image sequence;
determining a reference time sequence based on a second gray scale sequence formed by a plurality of the quasi-analytic images;
based on the triggering of the reference time in the reference time sequence, updating the reference image in the DIC analysis process of the second gray level image sequence to obtain a partial freezing and swelling deformation field;
The method comprises the steps of determining a reference time sequence based on a second gray map sequence formed by a plurality of quasi-analysis images, calculating crack areas of each crack area in the quasi-analysis images for any one of the quasi-analysis images, determining total crack areas corresponding to the quasi-analysis images based on the plurality of crack areas, constructing a crack area-time curve based on the total crack areas corresponding to each quasi-analysis image in the second gray map sequence and an acquisition time stamp, and determining time corresponding to turning points of the crack area-time curve as reference time to obtain the reference time sequence.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing an update operation for the reference image during DIC analysis of the second sequence of gray maps based on the triggering of the reference time in the sequence of reference times comprises:
Selecting a gray image corresponding to the reference time from the second gray image sequence based on the triggering of the reference time in the reference time sequence, or selecting a gray image corresponding to a time which is positioned before the reference time and is adjacent to the reference time from the second gray image sequence based on the triggering of the reference time in the reference time sequence;
and taking the selected gray image as a current reference image in the DIC analysis process of the second gray image sequence.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said image processing said gray scale map to obtain a quasi-analytical image comprises:
performing image processing on the gray level image to obtain a pre-analysis image;
determining convolution kernel size information of image convolution processing;
and performing open-close operation on the pre-analysis image based on the convolution check to obtain a quasi-analysis image.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein image processing the gray scale image to obtain a pre-analysis image comprises:
performing histogram equalization processing on the gray level map to obtain an equalized histogram;
Dividing the equalization histogram into a plurality of target areas;
Performing threshold filtering on the target area to obtain a filtered image;
And splicing the plurality of filtered images to generate a pre-analysis image.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the threshold filtering the target area to obtain a filtered image comprises:
acquiring all gray values, average gray values and maximum gray values of the target area;
Judging whether the gray value is larger than the average gray value or not according to any gray value, if the judging result shows that the gray value is larger than the average gray value, updating the gray value to be the maximum gray value of the target area, and if the judging result shows that the gray value is not larger than the average gray value, updating the gray value to be zero;
and obtaining a filtered image based on the updating result of all gray values of the target area.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the separately obtaining all gray maps of the target region of frozen soil before and during the partial freezing and frost heaving forms a first gray map sequence, comprising:
Acquiring a first original gray level image corresponding to frozen soil before fractional condensation and frost heaving and all second original gray level images corresponding to frozen soil in the fractional condensation and frost heaving process;
respectively extracting images of the same target area from the first original gray level image and each second original gray level image to obtain a plurality of gray level images;
labeling the gray level images based on the acquisition time stamp to generate a gray level image with an acquisition time stamp label;
And arranging a plurality of gray level images with labels according to the sequence of the acquisition time stamps to generate a first gray level image sequence.
7. A measurement device for be directed at segregation frost heaving deformation field, characterized by comprising:
The device comprises an acquisition module, a first gray scale image sequence and a second gray scale image sequence, wherein the acquisition module is used for respectively acquiring all gray scale images of a frozen soil target area before and during the partial freezing and swelling process, and the gray scale images are provided with acquisition time stamp labels;
the image processing module is used for carrying out image processing on the gray level images aiming at any gray level image in the first gray level image sequence to obtain a quasi-analysis image;
a determining module, configured to determine a reference time sequence based on a second gray scale map sequence formed by a plurality of the quasi-analytic images;
The updating module is used for executing updating operation on the reference image in the DIC analysis process of the second gray level image sequence based on the triggering of the reference time in the reference time sequence to obtain a partial freezing and swelling deformation field;
The determining module comprises a calculating unit and a determining unit, wherein the calculating unit is used for calculating the crack area of each crack area in any quasi-analysis image, determining the total crack area corresponding to the quasi-analysis image based on a plurality of crack areas, the curve building unit is used for building a crack area-time curve based on the total crack area corresponding to each quasi-analysis image in a second gray scale image sequence and an acquisition timestamp, and the determining unit is used for determining the time corresponding to the turning point of the crack area-time curve as reference time to obtain a reference time sequence.
8. A computer readable medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any of claims 1-6.
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