CN116198658B - Elastic sealing device between cargo tank and ship body and ship - Google Patents

Abstract

The application provides an elastic sealing device between a cargo tank and a ship body and a ship. The elastic sealing device comprises a transitional structure, a skirt structure and a covering piece which are all annular and conductive, and a sealing ring which is elastic and annular. The transition structure is arranged around a circle near the top of the cargo tank and is in sealing connection with the outer wall of the cargo tank. The skirt edge structure is connected with the ship body in a sealing way and forms an annular opening with the transition structure. The annular inner side of the sealing ring is in sealing connection with the transition structure, the annular outer side is in sealing connection with the skirt structure. The cover piece covers the sealing ring and is provided with a bending part along the annular circumference of the sealing ring, the annular inner side of the cover piece is in sealing connection with the transition structure and forms an electric passage, the annular outer side of the cover piece is in sealing connection with the skirt structure and forms an electric passage, and a sealing cavity is formed between the cover piece and the sealing ring. According to the technical scheme, static electricity generated by the cargo tank can be effectively released, the cargo tank space area can be sealed, and buffering is provided for position movement and expansion and contraction of the cargo tank.

Description

Elastic sealing device between cargo tank and ship body and ship

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of ship liquid tank construction, in particular to an elastic sealing device between a liquid tank and a ship body and a ship.

Background

In a liquefied gas carrier ship built with independent cargo tanks, a ship body is manufactured to form a cargo tank structure, and then the cargo tanks are installed and placed in the cargo tank structure.

The cargo tank stores LPG, LEG, LNG various low-temperature cargo tanks for a long time, and the cargo tank can generate static phenomenon, so that the risk of static ignition exists. In order to eliminate static electricity, a cargo tank is generally connected with a ship body structure by using a cable, so that static electricity generated by the cargo tank is released, and the risk of static electricity ignition is reduced. However, in the long-term use of the cable, the interface may be aged and fall off, which may cause unexpected electrostatic ignition accidents. In addition, the cable routing is relatively messy and is not conducive to achieving convenient and tidy construction requirements.

Further, since the independent cargo tank is not completely fixed in the cargo tank structure of the hull, and is affected by the ship sailing load and the loading and unloading temperature change load, the cargo tank is moved in a certain position or expands and contracts with heat, so that a certain SPACE is usually left between the cargo tank and the cargo tank structure in order to buffer the above-mentioned generated displacement or expansion and contraction in the prior art, which is called a cargo SPACE area (HOLD SPACE). The cargo space-air cabin area provides buffer space for position movement and expansion and contraction of the cargo tank. Meanwhile, in order to isolate a dangerous air source, the cargo space area is required to be always in a sealed dry or inerting state, and nitrogen or inert gas is supplemented into the cargo space area by utilizing an air supplementing system, so that the cargo space area is kept in a micro-positive pressure state.

In conventional technical scheme, generally utilize annular sealing ring to seal the open position in goods air cargo area to guarantee that goods air cargo area is in confined state, but under the effect of cargo tank repeated displacement, extrude the gas in the goods air cargo area, thereby produce repeated impact to the sealing ring, and then probably lead to the life-span of sealing ring to reduce.

Meanwhile, the displacement of the cargo tank may pull the cable for discharging static electricity, which may cause damage to the cable, thereby increasing the risk of static electricity ignition.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application aims to provide an elastic sealing device between a cargo tank and a ship body and a ship, which can effectively release static electricity generated by the cargo tank, can seal a cargo space region and simultaneously provide buffering for position movement, thermal expansion and cold contraction of the cargo tank.

In a first aspect, an elastic sealing device between a cargo tank and a ship hull is provided, comprising a conductive transition structure, a conductive skirt structure, an elastic sealing ring and a conductive covering piece.

The conductive transition structure is integrally annular, is arranged around the top of the cargo tank and is in sealing connection with the outer wall of the cargo tank. The conductive skirt structure is in a ring shape and is arranged around the cargo tank, the skirt structure is connected with the ship body in a sealing way, and the skirt structure and the transition structure form an annular opening. The elastic sealing ring is integrally annular, the annular inner side of the elastic sealing ring is in sealing connection with the transition structure, and the annular outer side of the elastic sealing ring is in sealing connection with the skirt structure, so that the sealing ring seals the annular opening. The conductive covering piece is in a ring shape and is provided with at least one bending part extending along the periphery of the ring shape for bearing deformation, the sealing ring is covered by the covering piece, the inner side of the covering piece is in sealing connection with the transition structure and forms a circuit path, the outer side of the covering piece is in sealing connection with the skirt structure and forms a circuit path, and a sealing cavity extending along the ring shape is formed between the covering piece and the sealing ring.

In one embodiment, the covering member includes two transition sections located in the middle, the two transition sections are connected at a predetermined angle to form a bending portion, and the predetermined angle at the connection position of the two transition sections faces the sealing ring.

In one embodiment, the portion of the sealing ring between the annular openings is configured as an arch, the convex side of the arch facing the cover.

In one embodiment, the section of the portion of the sealing ring between the annular openings is configured as a curve.

In one embodiment, the top of the cargo tank is provided with a surrounding wall structure, the upper part of the surrounding wall structure is covered with an air chamber platform plate, the edge of the air chamber platform plate exceeds the edge of the surrounding wall structure, the elastic sealing device further comprises an annular protection plate, the upper end of the protection plate is connected with the part of the air chamber platform plate exceeding the edge of the surrounding wall structure, and the lower end of the protection plate extends from the outer side of the covering piece to the position close to the skirt structure so as to cover the covering piece and the sealing ring.

In one embodiment, the cross section of the protection plate has a stepped structure, and the lower side of the stepped structure is located closer to the outer ring side than the upper side.

In one embodiment, a supporting toggle plate is arranged between the air chamber platform plate and the transition structure, the upper side of the toggle plate is connected with the lower surface of the air chamber platform plate, the lower side of the toggle plate is connected with the transition structure, and the side edge of the toggle plate is connected with the outer side of the surrounding wall of the top of the cargo tank.

In one embodiment, a top plate of the air chamber is arranged at a preset depth in the surrounding wall structure and used for closing the cargo tank, a groove is formed by surrounding the surrounding wall structure and the top plate of the air chamber, and a heat insulation material is filled in the groove to form an air chamber heat insulation layer.

In one embodiment, the wall structure is triangular in cross-section.

In one embodiment, the seal chamber formed between the cover and the seal ring is filled with nitrogen or an inert gas.

In one embodiment, the elastic sealing device further comprises a pressure detection device, wherein the pressure detection device is communicated into the sealing cavity and used for detecting pressure change in the sealing cavity, and the covering piece is provided with an openable and closable air port.

In one implementation scheme, the elastic sealing device further comprises an air source device and a controller, wherein the air source device is communicated with the air port, the controller is in signal connection with the air source device and the pressure detection device, and the controller receives a pressure signal sent by the pressure detection device and controls the air source device to charge a preset amount of air into the sealing cavity or extract a preset amount of air according to preset settings through the air port.

According to a second aspect of the application there is also provided a vessel comprising the flexible sealing means between the cargo tank and the hull of the aforesaid arrangement.

Compared with the prior art, the application has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The annular opening formed by the skirt edge structure and the transition structure is sealed by the annular sealing ring, so that the cargo space cabin area is sealed, and the effect of isolating a dangerous air source is achieved. Because the sealing ring has elasticity, when the liquid cargo tank is displaced due to vibration or expands with heat and contracts with cold, the gas pressure in the cargo space region is changed or the size of the annular opening at a certain side is changed, and then the sealing ring is deformed so as to adapt to the gas pressure change in the cargo space region or the size change of the annular opening, and therefore a good buffering effect is achieved.

(2) Because form the sealed chamber of extending along the annular between covering piece and the sealing washer, when the gas pressure in the goods air compartment region is great, the sealing washer warp towards the annular opening outside, can extrude the gas in the sealed chamber to play certain buffering resistance effect to the deformation of sealing washer, in order to prevent the excessive deformation of sealing washer, reduce the deformation impact to the sealing washer, thereby can prolong the life of sealing washer relatively.

(3) The transition structure and the skirt structure are connected to the electrically conductive covering piece, so that a circuit path between the cargo tank and the ship body is realized, when static electricity is generated in the cargo tank, the static electricity is directly transferred to the ship body through the electrically conductive covering piece and then transferred to seawater, and accordingly the danger of static electricity ignition or explosion generated by the independent cargo tank can be reduced to the minimum degree, and the anti-static and anti-explosion effect is achieved. The conductive covering piece completely replaces the traditional cable connection mode, is neat and orderly, has large contact area and effectively ensures the effect of releasing electrostatic transmission.

(4) The conductive covering piece is equivalent to covering the sealing ring, can also play a role in covering and protecting the sealing ring, and basically isolates the damage of external foreign matters to the sealing ring, thereby relatively prolonging the service life of the sealing ring.

(5) When the liquid cargo tank is displaced due to vibration or the annular opening is changed in size due to expansion and contraction, the bending part of the covering piece can be deformed to a certain extent so as to adapt to the change of the size of the annular opening.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a top view of an elastic sealing device between a cargo tank and a hull of a ship according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a middle-longitudinal cross-sectional view of an elastic sealing device between a cargo tank and a hull according to an embodiment of the application;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a partial structure at A in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of an elastic sealing device with a curved seal ring cross-section according to an embodiment of the present application;

Fig. 5 is a partial schematic view of a seal chamber inflatable elastomeric seal in accordance with an embodiment of the application.

In the figure, 10, a transition structure, 20, a skirt structure, 30, a sealing ring, 31, an arch part, 40, a covering piece, 401, a bending part, 41, a transition section, 42, an air port, 50, a protection plate, 60, a pressure detection device, 70, an air source device, 80, a controller, 100, a cargo tank, 101, a surrounding wall structure, 102, an air chamber platform plate, 103, a toggle plate, 104, an air chamber top plate, 105, an air chamber heat preservation layer, 200, a ship body, 300, an annular opening and 400, and a sealing cavity.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. The components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the application, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.

In a first aspect, as shown in fig. 1,2 and 3, an embodiment of the present application provides an elastic sealing device between a cargo tank and a ship hull, which includes a conductive transition structure 10, a conductive skirt structure 20, an elastic sealing ring 30 and a conductive covering member 40.

As shown in fig. 3, the conductive transition structure 10 is in a ring shape, and is arranged around the top of the cargo tank 100, and the transition structure 10 is connected with the outer wall of the cargo tank 100 in a sealing manner. The electrically conductive skirt structure 20 is generally annular and is disposed around the cargo tank 100 with the skirt structure 20 sealingly connected to the hull 200, and the skirt structure 20 and the transition structure 10 define an annular opening 300. The elastic sealing ring 30 is annular in shape as a whole, the annular inner side of the elastic sealing ring is in sealing connection with the transition structure 10, and the annular outer side of the elastic sealing ring is in sealing connection with the skirt structure 20, so that the annular opening 300 is closed by the sealing ring 30. The conductive cover member 40 is in a ring shape as a whole, at least one bending part 401 extending along the circumference of the ring shape is arranged for bearing deformation, the sealing ring 30 is covered by the cover member 40, the inner side of the cover member 40 is in sealing connection with the transition structure 10 and forms a circuit path, the outer side of the cover member 40 is in sealing connection with the skirt structure 20 and forms a circuit path, and a sealing cavity 400 extending along the ring shape is formed between the cover member 40 and the sealing ring 30.

When the technical scheme of the embodiment is used, the annular opening 300 formed by the skirt structure 20 and the transition structure 10 is closed by the annular sealing ring 30, so that the cargo space cabin area is sealed, and a dangerous air source is isolated. Because the seal ring 30 has elasticity, when the cargo tank 100 is displaced due to vibration or expands with heat and contracts with cold, the gas pressure in the cargo space region is changed or the size of the annular opening 300 on one side is changed, so that the seal ring 30 is deformed to adapt to the gas pressure change in the cargo space region or the size change of the annular opening 300, and a better buffering effect is realized.

Meanwhile, because the sealing cavity 400 extending along the ring shape is formed between the cover piece 40 and the sealing ring 30, when the gas pressure in the cargo space is large, the sealing ring 30 deforms towards the outer side of the annular opening 300 and can squeeze the gas in the sealing cavity 400, so that a certain buffering and resisting effect is achieved on the deformation of the sealing ring 30, the excessive deformation of the sealing ring 30 is prevented, the deformation impact on the sealing ring 30 is reduced, and the service life of the sealing ring 30 can be relatively prolonged.

Further, the conductive cover 40 connects the transition structure 10 and the skirt structure 20, thereby realizing a circuit path between the cargo tank 100 and the ship 200, and when static electricity is generated in the cargo tank 100, the static electricity is directly transferred to the ship 200 through the conductive cover 40 and then transferred to the sea water, so that the risk of static electricity ignition or explosion generated in the independent cargo tank 100 itself can be minimized, and an anti-static and anti-explosion effect is achieved. The conductive covering member 40 completely replaces the conventional cable connection mode, is neat and orderly, has a large contact area, and effectively ensures the effect of releasing electrostatic transmission.

Still further, the conductive covering member 40 is equivalent to covering the sealing ring 30, and can also cover and protect the sealing ring 30, so as to substantially isolate the damage of external foreign matters to the sealing ring 30, thereby relatively prolonging the service life of the sealing ring 30.

Still further, when the liquid cargo tank 100 is displaced by vibration or the annular opening 300 is changed in size due to expansion or contraction, the bending portion 401 of the covering member 40 is deformed to adapt to the change in size of the annular opening 300.

In summary, the covering member 40 is not only used for discharging static electricity, but also forms a sealing cavity 400 with the sealing ring 30 to buffer deformation of the sealing ring 30, and the covering member 40 also can form a covering protection for the sealing ring 30 and can bear a certain deformation to adapt to the change of the size of the annular opening 300.

As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the covering member 40 preferably includes two intermediate transition sections 41, where the two transition sections 41 are connected at a predetermined angle to form a bent portion 401, and the predetermined angle at the connection of the two transition sections 41 faces the sealing ring 30, so that, on one hand, the two transition sections 41 form a predetermined angle that is non-planar and can withstand local elastic deformation, and on the other hand form sharp corners to block foreign objects and the like. The covering member 40 is preferably made of stainless steel plate material.

As shown in fig. 3, in this embodiment, the portion of the seal ring 30 between the annular openings 300 may be configured as an arch 31, with the convex side of the arch 31 facing the cover 40, so as to better withstand the gas pressure from the cargo space area and also to help accommodate the change in the size of the annular openings 300.

In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the cross-section of the portion of the seal ring 30 between the annular openings 300 may also be configured as a curvilinear shape, thereby also helping to accommodate variations in the size of the annular openings 300.

As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, at the top of the cargo tank 100 is a surrounding wall structure 101, and the upper portion of the surrounding wall structure 101 is covered with an air chamber platform plate 102, and the edge of the air chamber platform plate 102 exceeds the edge of the surrounding wall structure 101. The resilient sealing means may also comprise an annular shield plate 50. The upper end of the protection plate 50 is connected with the part of the air chamber platform plate 102 beyond the edge of the surrounding wall structure 101, and the lower end of the protection plate 50 extends from the outer side of the cover piece 40 to the position close to the skirt edge structure 20 so as to cover the cover piece 40 and the sealing ring 30, play a role in retaining water and preventing sun, and help to improve the service life of the sealing ring 30 and the cover piece 40.

In this embodiment, the cross section of the protection plate 50 is a slope-type or stepped structure, as shown in fig. 3, preferably a stepped structure, and the lower side of the stepped structure is closer to the outer ring side than the upper side, so that the structural strength can be increased, and the drainage is facilitated. Meanwhile, the protection plate 50 is detachably connected with the air chamber platform plate 102, so that later disassembly is facilitated, and the sealing ring 30 and/or the covering piece 40 are convenient to check, maintain and replace.

As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, a support toggle plate 103 is provided between the air chamber platen 102 and the transition structure 10, the upper side of the toggle plate 103 is connected to the lower surface of the air chamber platen 102, the lower side of the toggle plate 103 is connected to the transition structure 10, and the side of the toggle plate 103 is connected to the outside of the surrounding wall of the top of the cargo tank 100. The toggle plate 103 has a reinforcing function, prevents excessive deformation from being locally generated, and reduces the influence of the deformation on the sealability of the seal ring 30 and the cover member 40.

In the embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, an air chamber top plate 104 is arranged at a predetermined depth in the surrounding wall structure 101, the air chamber top plate 104 is used for closing the cargo tank 100, a groove is formed by surrounding the surrounding wall structure 101 and the air chamber top plate 104, and a heat insulation layer 105 of air chamber is formed by filling foaming polyurethane and other heat insulation materials in the groove, so that the cargo tank 100 is insulated, cold spots are avoided as much as possible, and safety is affected.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the cross section of the surrounding wall structure 101 is triangular, and compared with the conventional quadrilateral, the triangular surrounding wall reduces one stress structure point, which helps to reduce the possibility of damage to the structure, thereby improving the structural stability. Meanwhile, the construction amount of the triangular surrounding wall is small, and the construction is relatively simple.

In this embodiment, the sealing cavity 400 formed between the covering member 40 and the sealing ring 30 may be filled with nitrogen or inert gas, so as to form a two-layer gas sealing barrier together with nitrogen or inert gas in the cargo space region, thereby further improving the isolation effect on the dangerous gas source. In addition, the sealing ring 30 is surrounded by inactive gas, so that the oxidation reaction of the sealing ring 30 is greatly reduced, the aging speed of the sealing ring 30 is slowed down, and the service life of the sealing ring 30 is prolonged.

Meanwhile, after filling the seal chamber 400 with nitrogen or inert gas, it is preferable to balance the pressure in the seal chamber 400 with the pressure in the cargo space region in a stationary state.

Further, as shown in fig. 5, the elastic sealing device may further include a pressure detecting device 60, wherein the pressure detecting device 60 is connected to the inside of the sealing chamber 400 to detect a pressure change in the sealing chamber 400, and the cover member 40 is provided with an openable and closable air port 42. If the seal chamber 400 is slowly leaked in long-term use, although the leakage is very slow, the nitrogen or inert gas in the seal chamber 400 is reduced in long-term use. At this time, the pressure of the gas in the sealed cavity 400 can be obtained by the pressure detecting device 60, so as to determine whether to leak, and if leak, the gas can be supplied to the sealed cavity 400 through the gas port 42. The gas in the seal cavity 400 can be extracted through the gas port 42 for replacement.

Further, as shown in fig. 5, the elastic sealing device further comprises a gas source device 70 and a controller 80, wherein the gas source device 70 is communicated with the gas port 42, the controller 80 is in signal connection with the gas source device 70 and the pressure detection device 60, and the controller 80 receives a pressure signal sent by the pressure detection device 60 and controls the gas source device 70 to charge a predetermined amount of gas into the sealing cavity 400 or to extract a predetermined amount of gas according to a predetermined setting through the gas port 42.

Specifically, the controller 80 may be set with a first standard pressure range, a second standard pressure range, and an initial pressure value, the lower limit value of the first standard pressure range being greater than the upper limit value of the second standard pressure range, the initial pressure value being between the lower limit value of the first standard pressure range and the upper limit value of the second standard pressure range, the initial pressure value being the air pressure value in the seal chamber 400 when the cargo tank 100 is substantially in a stationary state.

In the first working process, if the air pressure in the cargo space area is increased, the sealing ring 30 is extruded, and then the sealing ring 30 extrudes the sealing cavity 400, so that the air pressure value of the sealing cavity 400 starts to increase from the initial pressure value, the controller 80 receives the pressure detection device 60, and when judging that the air pressure value of the sealing cavity 400 is increased and falls within the first standard pressure range, the controller 80 can control the air source device 70 to introduce a predetermined amount of nitrogen or inert gas into the sealing cavity 400 through the air port 42, so that the air pressure in the sealing cavity 400 is further increased, the deformation of the sealing ring 30 is resisted, the sealing ring 30 can be prevented from being excessively deformed outwards, and a reaction force can be formed on the sealing ring 30 to enable the sealing ring 30 to recover to the initial state as soon as possible, so that the air pressure in the cargo space area is helped to be quickly stabilized.

In the second working process, if the air pressure in the cargo space area is reduced, the sealing ring 30 is deformed towards the cargo space area, so that the air pressure value of the sealing cavity 400 starts to drop from the initial pressure value, and when the controller 80 receives the pressure detection device 60 and judges that the air pressure value of the sealing cavity 400 drops within the second standard pressure range, the controller 80 can control the air source device 70 to continuously extract nitrogen or inert gas from the sealing cavity 400 through the air port 42, so as to form a vacuumizing effect, resist the deformation of the sealing ring 30, not only can prevent the sealing ring 30 from being deformed downwards too much, but also can form a reaction force on the sealing ring 30, so that the sealing ring 30 deformed towards the cargo space area side can recover to the initial state as soon as possible, and the air pressure in the cargo space area is helped to be quickly stabilized.

Since the cargo tank 100 can cause the air pressure in the cargo space to be suddenly increased or reduced due to shaking during the voyage, the states of the two working processes can be alternately appeared and circulated, so that the shaking of the cargo tank 100 can be stabilized as soon as possible.

It should be noted that, as shown in fig. 1, the air chamber platform board 102 may be a panel with triangular openings, the openings are symmetrically arranged, the opening area may be provided with a detachable grid for walking, and the panel may be provided with a liquid cargo pipe unit commonly used for a gas ship, a spray pipe bracket for fire extinguishment, and the like.

According to a second aspect of the application there is also provided a vessel comprising the flexible sealing means between the cargo tank and the hull of the aforesaid arrangement.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (12)

1. An elastic sealing device between a liquid cargo tank and a ship's hull, comprising: A conductive transition structure (10) is generally annular and is arranged around the top of the liquid cargo tank (100), and the transition structure (10) is sealed to the outer wall of the liquid cargo tank (100). A conductive skirt structure (20) is generally annular and is arranged around the liquid cargo tank (100), and the skirt structure (20) is sealed to the hull (200); the skirt structure (20) and the transition structure (10) form an annular opening (300). The elastic sealing ring (30) is annular in shape. Its inner side is sealed to the transition structure (10), and its outer side is sealed to the skirt structure (20), so that the sealing ring (30) closes the annular opening (300). A conductive cover (40) is generally annular and has at least one bend (401) extending around its circumference to withstand deformation. The cover (40) covers the sealing ring (30), and the inner annular side of the cover (40) is sealed to the transition structure (10) to form a circuit path, and the outer annular side is sealed to the skirt structure (20) to form a circuit path. A sealing cavity (400) extending along the annular shape is formed between the cover (40) and the sealing ring (30). Wherein, a certain space is left between the liquid cargo tank (100) and the cargo tank structure of the hull (200) to form an empty cargo tank area, which is filled with inert gas; The sealing cavity (400) formed between the cover (40) and the sealing ring (30) is filled with inert gas. 2. The elastic sealing device between the liquid cargo tank and the hull according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover (40) includes two transition sections (41) located in the middle, the two transition sections (41) are connected at a predetermined angle to form the bend (401), and the predetermined angle at the connection of the two transition sections (41) is directed toward the sealing ring (30). 3. The elastic sealing device between the liquid cargo tank and the hull according to claim 2, characterized in that the portion of the sealing ring (30) between the annular opening (300) is configured as an arched portion (31), the protruding side of the arched portion (31) facing the cover (40). 4. The elastic sealing device between the liquid cargo tank and the hull according to claim 2, characterized in that the cross section of the portion of the sealing ring (30) located between the annular openings (300) is configured as curved. 5. The elastic sealing device between the liquid cargo tank and the hull according to claim 1, wherein the top of the liquid cargo tank (100) is a wall structure (101), the upper part of the wall structure (101) is covered with an air chamber platform plate (102), the edge of the air chamber platform plate (102) extends beyond the edge of the wall structure (101), characterized in that the elastic sealing device further includes an annular protective plate (50). The upper end of the protective plate (50) is connected to the portion of the air chamber platform plate (102) that extends beyond the edge of the enclosure structure (101), and the lower end of the protective plate (50) extends from the outside of the cover (40) to near the skirt structure (20) to cover the cover (40) and the sealing ring (30). 6. The elastic sealing device between the liquid cargo tank and the hull according to claim 5, characterized in that the cross-section of the protective plate (50) is a stepped structure, and the lower side of the stepped structure is closer to the outer ring than the upper side. 7. The elastic sealing device between the liquid cargo tank and the hull according to claim 5, characterized in that a support elbow plate (103) is provided between the air chamber platform plate (102) and the transition structure (10), the upper side of the elbow plate (103) is connected to the lower surface of the air chamber platform plate (102), the lower side of the elbow plate (103) is connected to the transition structure (10), and the side of the elbow plate (103) is connected to the outer side of the top enclosure of the liquid cargo tank (100). 8. The elastic sealing device between the liquid cargo tank and the hull according to claim 5, characterized in that an air chamber top plate (104) is provided at a predetermined depth inside the enclosure structure (101), and the air chamber top plate (104) is used to seal the liquid cargo tank (100). The enclosure structure (101) and the air chamber top plate (104) form a groove, and the groove is filled with thermal insulation material to form an air chamber insulation layer (105). 9. The elastic sealing device between the liquid cargo tank and the hull according to claim 5, characterized in that the cross-section of the enclosure structure (101) is triangular. 10. The elastic sealing device between the liquid cargo tank and the hull according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic sealing device further includes a pressure detection device (60), the pressure detection device (60) being connected to the sealing cavity (400) for detecting pressure changes within the sealing cavity (400); The cover (40) is provided with an air vent (42) that can be opened and closed. 11. The elastic sealing device between the liquid cargo tank and the hull according to claim 10, characterized in that the elastic sealing device further includes a gas source device (70) and a controller (80), the gas source device (70) is connected to the air port (42), and the controller (80) is signal connected to the gas source device (70) and the pressure detection device (60); The controller (80) receives the pressure signal sent by the pressure detection device (60) and controls the gas source device (70) to fill or extract a predetermined amount of gas into the sealed cavity (400) through the gas port (42) according to a predetermined setting. 12. A ship, characterized in that it includes an elastic sealing device between the liquid cargo tank and the hull as described in any one of claims 1-11.