CN201004207Y - Computer device with overvoltage protection function - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a computer unit with overvoltage protection function. The device is electrically connected between a Central Processing Unit (CPU) and a power supply to protect the CPU from damage in the event of an over-voltage fault. The device comprises a first voltage comparison unit, a reference voltage unit, a second voltage comparison unit, a trigger unit and a circuit switch unit. The first voltage comparison unit compares the output voltage of the power supply, a preset lower limit voltage value and an upper limit voltage value and outputs a first level signal. The reference voltage unit outputs a reference voltage value according to the first level signal. The second voltage comparison unit compares the core voltage of the CPU with the reference voltage value, and outputs a second level signal when the core voltage of the CPU is greater than the reference voltage value. The trigger unit receives the trigger of the second level signal and outputs a first trigger signal and a second trigger signal. The circuit switch unit receives the trigger of the second trigger signal to close the electric connection between the CPU and the power supply.

Description

Computer device with overvoltage protection

technical field

The invention relates to a computer device with an overvoltage protection function, in particular to the overvoltage protection of a central processing unit in the computer device to prevent it from being burned in the event of an overvoltage fault.

Background technique

In traditional computer devices, the commonly used power supply method is pulse width modulation (PulseWidth Modulation, PWM) to reduce the input voltage (such as 5V or 12V) to the voltage required by each component (such as 1.05 ~ 1.825V or 1.3~3.5V). The components used in the PWM circuit mainly include: PWM chips, metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs), inductance coils and filter capacitors. However, during the actual operation of the computer device, due to the continuous conduction of large current on the main board, the components on the main board are easy to heat up. At this time, if the components do not have a good heat sink to dissipate heat, they will burn out. In fact, in the prior art, during the use of the motherboard, the MOSFET components (especially High-Side-MOS) are easily burned due to excessive temperature. At this time, the motherboard will perform its own protection function and shut down, but if it is turned on , the voltage of the central processing unit (CPU) will increase synchronously with the voltage (12V) supplied by the power supply, and finally the CPU will cause the voltage to be too high due to an overvoltage fault, and then burn out. In addition, the various protection functions of the power supply have relatively long time delays and cannot be protected in time. According to the prior art, a complete solution cannot be proposed for the overvoltage protection of the CPU, and there is still a lot of room for improvement.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to improve the deficiency of the traditional computer device, and prevent the central processing unit inside the computer device from being burned due to overvoltage when an overvoltage fault occurs.

To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention provides a computer device with an overvoltage protection function, including: a central processing unit; a power supply, at least used to supply the power required by the central processing unit, and accepting the triggering of the first trigger signal And turn off the power supply. The overvoltage protection device is electrically connected between the CPU and the power supply, and is used to protect the CPU from being damaged in the event of an overvoltage fault. The overvoltage protection device includes: a first voltage comparison unit for comparing the output voltage of the power supply with a preset lower limit voltage value and a preset upper limit voltage value, and outputs a first level signal. The reference voltage unit is used for outputting a reference voltage value according to the first level signal. The second voltage comparing unit is used for comparing the core voltage of the central processing unit with a reference voltage value, and outputs a second level signal when the core voltage of the central processing unit is greater than the reference voltage value. The trigger unit is used for receiving the trigger of the second level signal, and outputting the first trigger signal and the second trigger signal. The circuit switch unit is used for receiving the trigger of the second trigger signal to close the electrical connection between the CPU and the power supply.

According to the computer device of the present invention, wherein the first voltage comparison unit includes a first voltage comparator, wherein the positive input terminal of the first voltage comparator receives the upper limit voltage value, and its output terminal is connected to the reference The input terminal of the voltage unit, and the second voltage comparator, wherein the positive input terminal of the second voltage comparator is connected with the negative input terminal of the first voltage comparator and the output terminal of the power supply, and its negative The input terminal receives the lower limit voltage value, and the output terminal of the second voltage comparator is connected to the input terminal of the reference voltage unit.

The computer device according to the present invention, wherein the reference voltage unit comprises a first bipolar junction transistor, wherein the base of the first bipolar junction transistor is connected to the output of the first voltage comparator through a voltage divider circuit terminal and the output terminal of the second voltage comparator.

According to the computer device of the present invention, wherein the second voltage comparison unit is a third voltage comparator, and the negative input terminal of the third voltage comparator is connected to the collector of the first bipolar junction transistor, and The positive input terminal of the third voltage comparator receives the core voltage of the CPU.

According to the computer device of the present invention, wherein the trigger unit is a D-type flip-flop, and the clock pulse control terminal of the D-type flip-flop is connected to the output end of the third voltage comparator, and the D-type flip-flop The input terminal is connected to high level.

According to the computer device of the present invention, wherein the circuit switch unit includes a second bipolar junction transistor, wherein the base of the second bipolar junction transistor is connected to the output terminal of the D-type flip-flop, and a photocoupler wherein the input of the optocoupler is connected to the collector of the second bipolar junction transistor, and the output of the optocoupler is connected to the output of the power supply through a resistor, and Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, wherein the gate of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is connected to the output terminal of the photocoupler, and its source is connected to the output terminal of the power supply, and its drain Pole is connected to the power input terminal of the central processing unit.

According to the computer device of the present invention, wherein the complementary output terminal of the D-type flip-flop is connected to the on/off control terminal (PS_ON#) of the power supply through a transistor switch circuit.

According to the computer device of the present invention, wherein the transistor switch circuit is composed of a plurality of bipolar junction transistors.

In order to enable those skilled in the art to understand the purpose, features and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below through the following specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1A is a block diagram showing a preferred embodiment to which the present invention is applied.

Fig. 1B is a block diagram showing another preferred embodiment to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a detailed circuit diagram showing the overvoltage protection device in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B .

Wherein, the reference signs are explained as follows:

1 computer device

10 power supply

12 Overvoltage protection device

14 CPU

16 motherboard

160 Sleep signal

20 The first voltage comparison unit

200 first level signal

22 reference voltage unit

24 Second voltage comparison unit

240 second level signal

26 trigger unit

260 first trigger signal

262 Second trigger signal

28 circuit switch unit

29 Transistor switch circuit

Detailed ways

Fig. 1A is a block diagram showing a preferred embodiment to which the present invention is applied. Fig. 1B is a block diagram showing another preferred embodiment to which the present invention is applied. The computer device 1 with overvoltage protection function of the present invention mainly includes a power supply 10 , an overvoltage protection device 12 and a central processing unit 14 located on a motherboard 16 . The power supply 10 in the figure is at least used to supply the power required by the central processing unit 14, and the overvoltage protection device 12 is connected to the central processing unit 14 and the power supply 10 to protect the central processing unit 14 in the event of an overvoltage fault. circumstances will not be damaged.

1A and 1B, since the overvoltage protection device 12 is interposed between the power supply 10 and the central processing unit 14, when an overvoltage fault occurs in the computer device 1, the overvoltage protection device 12 is in the central processing unit 14. It is one of the main spirits of the present invention to take protective measures before being destroyed, thereby preventing the central processing unit 14 from being affected. Furthermore, the reason why the overvoltage protection device 12 of the present invention can carry out overvoltage protection measures in advance is due to the feedback circuit formed by both the overvoltage protection device 12 and the central processing unit 14, and the feedback circuit is simultaneously a function of the present invention. an important technical feature. As for the main difference between FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, the overvoltage protection device 12 in FIG. It is outside the motherboard 16 and can be a separate electronic device. It is specifically stated here that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments are only two of the embodiments of the present invention, so those skilled in the art should be able to make various equivalent changes.

FIG. 2 shows a detailed circuit diagram of the overvoltage protection device 12 in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B . As shown in FIG. 2 , the overvoltage protection device 12 includes: a first voltage comparison unit 20 , a reference voltage unit 22 , a second voltage comparison unit 24 , a trigger unit 26 and a circuit switch unit 28 . The functions and circuits of each unit are described in detail below.

In FIG. 2 , the symbol VCC5SB represents a 5V standby (Standby) voltage, and these voltage sources can come from the power supply 10 .

The first voltage comparing unit 20 is used for comparing the output voltage V0 of the power supply 10 , the preset lower limit voltage V2 and the preset upper limit voltage V1 , and outputs a first level signal 200 . The first voltage comparison unit 20 mainly includes: a first voltage comparator A1 and a second voltage comparator A2. The positive input terminal of the first voltage comparator A1 receives the upper limit voltage value V1 , and the output terminal thereof is connected to the input terminal of the reference voltage unit 22 . The positive input terminal of the second voltage comparator A2 is connected to the negative input terminal of the first voltage comparator A1 and the output terminal V0 of the power supply 10 , and the negative input terminal of the second voltage comparator A2 receives the lower limit voltage value V2. In the actual application of the present invention, the power supply 10 supplies 12V as a specific embodiment of the output voltage V0, the upper limit voltage V1 can be preset as 5V, and the lower limit voltage V2 can be preset as 0.88V.

The reference voltage unit 22 is used for outputting a reference voltage value V3 according to the first level signal 200 . The reference voltage unit 22 mainly includes: a first bipolar junction transistor bipolar junction transistor (BipolarJunction Transistor, BJT) Q1, wherein the base of the first bipolar junction transistor bipolar junction transistor Q1 passes through a resistor R1 and The voltage dividing circuit formed by the resistor R2 is connected to the output terminal of the first voltage comparator A1 and the output terminal of the second voltage comparator A2. Because the 12V voltage provided by the power supply 10 needs a certain time to rise from 0V to 12V, in the present invention, when the 12V voltage supplied by the power supply 10 is between the upper limit voltage value V1 (5V) and the lower limit voltage value V2 (0.88V) between, thus turning on transistor Q1. On the other hand, when the 12V voltage supplied by the power supply 10 is not between the upper limit voltage V1 (5V) and the lower limit voltage V2 (0.88V), the transistor Q1 cannot be turned on. The reference voltage value V3 can have two values according to the first level signal 200 output by the first voltage comparison unit 20: when the first level signal 200 is at a high level, the transistor Q1 is in the conduction state, and the reference voltage value V3 is 1.32V; when the first level signal 200 is at low level, the transistor Q1 is in a non-conducting state, and the reference voltage V3 is 5V.

The second voltage comparison unit 24 is used for comparing the reference voltage value V3 and the core voltage (Vcore) V4 used by the central processing unit 14, and if the core voltage V4 of the central processing unit 14 is greater than the reference voltage value V3, it will output the second level signal 240 . The specific means of the second voltage comparison unit 24 is to use the third voltage comparator A3, and the negative input terminal of the third voltage comparator A3 is connected to the collector of the first bipolar junction transistor Q1, and the third voltage comparator A3 The positive input end of the positive input terminal receives the core voltage V4 of the CPU 14 .

The trigger unit 26 is used for receiving the trigger of the second level signal 240 to output the first trigger signal 260 and the second trigger signal 262 . The trigger unit 26 is a D-type flip-flop D1, and the clock pulse control terminal (CLK) of the D-type flip-flop D1 is connected to the output terminal of the third voltage comparator A3. The complementary output terminal Q' of the D-type flip-flop D1 is connected to the start/stop control terminal (PS_ON#) of the power supply 10 through a transistor switch circuit 29 composed of bipolar junction transistors Q5 and Q6, so that the power supply The switch 10 can receive the trigger of the first trigger signal 260 to turn off the power supply.

Furthermore, the base of the bipolar junction transistor Q6 can receive the sleep signal 160 from the main board, so whether the enable/disable control terminal (PS_ON#) is generated or not can be determined by the first trigger signal 260 and the sleep signal 160 .

The circuit switch unit 28 is used for receiving the trigger of the second trigger signal 262 to close the connection between the CPU 14 and the power supply 10 , so that the power supply 10 interrupts the power supply to the CPU 14 . As shown in FIG. 2 , the circuit switch unit 28 mainly includes: a second bipolar junction transistor Q2 , a photocoupler (photocoupler) Q3 and a MOSFET Q4 . The base of the second bipolar junction transistor Q2 is connected to the output terminal Q of the D-type flip-flop D1. The input terminal of the photocoupler Q3 is connected to the collector of the second bipolar junction transistor Q2 , and the output terminal of the photocoupler Q3 is connected to the output terminal of the power supply 10 through the resistor R3 . The gate of MOSFET Q4 is connected to the output terminal of optocoupler Q3 , the source is connected to the output of power supply 10 , and the drain is connected to the power input terminal of CPU 14 .

The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows. The present invention can avoid CPU burnout caused by false soldering of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor elements in the manufacturing process or damage of MOSFET elements during production line testing. In addition, it can also avoid damage to the MOSFET caused by improper use by the user (such as overclocking), thus burning the CPU. Furthermore, the computer device of the present invention can effectively protect the CPU even in a working environment with poor heat dissipation, and can react immediately if there is a sudden abnormal phenomenon in the operation of the computer device. In addition to the above functions, the present invention has the advantages of simple realization, reliable function, low cost and the like.

Although the present invention has been disclosed above with specific embodiments, the disclosed specific embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and any person skilled in the art may make various changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The changes and modifications made by it all belong to the category of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims as the criterion.

Claims (8)

1. A computer device with an overvoltage protection function, characterized in that it comprises: CPU; The power supply is at least used to supply the power required by the central processing unit, and is triggered by the first trigger signal to turn off the power supply; The overvoltage protection device is electrically connected between the CPU and the power supply, and is used to protect the CPU from being damaged in the event of an overvoltage fault, including: The first voltage comparison unit is electrically connected to the power supply, and is used to compare the output voltage of the power supply with a preset lower limit voltage value and a preset upper limit voltage value, and output a first level signal ; a reference voltage unit, electrically connected to the first voltage comparison unit, for outputting a reference voltage value according to the first level signal; The second voltage comparison unit is electrically connected to the reference voltage unit, and is used to compare the core voltage of the central processing unit with the reference voltage value, and when the core voltage of the central processing unit is greater than the reference voltage value, output the second level signal; a trigger unit, electrically connected to the second voltage comparison unit, for receiving the trigger of the second level signal and outputting the first trigger signal and the second trigger signal; and The circuit switch unit is electrically connected to the trigger unit, the central processing unit and the power supply, and is used to receive the trigger of the second trigger signal to close the connection between the central processing unit and the power supply. electrical connection. 2. The computer device according to claim 1, wherein the first voltage comparison unit comprises: A first voltage comparator, wherein the positive input terminal of the first voltage comparator receives the upper limit voltage value, and its output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the reference voltage unit; and The second voltage comparator, wherein the positive input terminal of the second voltage comparator is connected to the negative input terminal of the first voltage comparator and the output terminal of the power supply, and the negative input terminal of the second voltage comparator The input terminal receives the lower limit voltage value, and the output terminal of the second voltage comparator is connected to the input terminal of the reference voltage unit. 3. The computer device according to claim 2, wherein the reference voltage unit comprises: A first bipolar junction transistor, wherein the base of the first bipolar junction transistor is connected to the output terminal of the first voltage comparator and the output terminal of the second voltage comparator through a voltage divider circuit. 4. The computer device according to claim 3, wherein the second voltage comparison unit is a third voltage comparator, and the negative input terminal of the third voltage comparator is connected to the first bipolar junction The collector of the type transistor, and the positive input terminal of the third voltage comparator receives the core voltage of the central processing unit. 5. The computer device according to claim 4, wherein the trigger unit is a D-type flip-flop, and the clock pulse control end of the D-type flip-flop is connected to the output of the third voltage comparator, And the input end of the D-type flip-flop is connected to a high level. 6. The computer device according to claim 5, wherein the circuit switch unit comprises: a second BJT, wherein the base of the second BJT is connected to the output of the D-type flip-flop; an optocoupler, wherein the input of the optocoupler is connected to the collector of the second bipolar junction transistor, and the output of the optocoupler is connected to the output of the power supply through a resistor ;as well as Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor, wherein the gate of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor is connected to the output terminal of the photocoupler, and its source is connected to the output terminal of the power supply, and its drain Pole is connected to the power input terminal of the central processing unit. 7. The computer device as claimed in claim 5, wherein the complementary output terminal of the D-type flip-flop is connected to the enable/disable control terminal of the power supply through a transistor switch circuit. 8. The computer device as claimed in claim 7, wherein the transistor switch circuit is composed of a plurality of bipolar junction transistors.

Images