DE2044516B2 - METAL EXTRACTION METHOD - Google Patents

Description

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a carbon monoxide-containing gas under conditions basic stages of the formation of an ammoniacal gas

brings to implementation, in which the nickel under solution or slurry and then

Formation of nickel carbonyl is reduced, the treatment with a carbon monoxide gas is applicable

Nickel carbonyl from the aqueous solution or Auf- are:

sludge separated and then to nickel 5

metal is decomposed. The nickel solution is made using reduced oxide ores,

obtained by aqueous leaching of nickel concentrate. an extract obtained by acid leaching of

The aqueous leaching can obtain an oxidative am- laterite ore,

be moniacal leaching, in which the nickel-ferronickel alloy concentrates,

source with an ammoniacal ammonium salt io raw metal concentrates or stones,

solution is treated while being treated with an ore concentrate, e.g. B. a pentlandite chalco

brings oxygen-containing gas into contact, whereby pyrite concentrate,

nickel salts are obtained, which in the aqueous phase nickel-iron stone,

are resolved. Scrap metals and

An alternative 15 manganese sea tuber used in certain cases,
aqueous leaching consists in treatment
an ore concentrate with a strong acid, typically sulfuric acid, which in turn gives the overall process operations in which the nickel is given an aqueous phase containing the metal salt of the deconcentrate materials of the foregoing species. The free acid content will be neutralized, 20 forms are described below. Next, and ammonia is used to make a basic, follow the characteristics of the basic ammonia leaching solution or slurry stages of treating a nickel salt solution or slurry which is treated with a carbon monoxide slurry with carbon monoxide as well as the sustained gas as previously indicated. closing separation of the nickel carbonyls for

A preferred method of separating the in the 25 formation of nickel.

Process obtained nickel carbonyls consists in, It can be numerous embodiments or

that one this in a solvent, preferably uses from the finding of the invention

a hydrocarbon that dissolves, with the aqueous derived that a practically complete

Leaching solution is immiscible, then here- conversion and separation of nickel and of

from the nickel carbonyl evaporates and is possible with the formation of copper and cobalt, if necessary,

of finely divided metallic nickel pyrolytically if one uses an ammonium salt solution of these metals,

decomposed. drawn from a number of different source materials

Another very effective method of abatement is with a carbon monoxide-containing gas

separation of the nickel carbonyl consists in being treated under conditions in which the nickel

the aqueous phase to pass a stripping gas, the 35 and cobalt contents, if they are present, under

thereby the nickel carbonyl content for the further processing of metal carbonyl compounds and copper

processing evaporates. The stripping gas can be reduced from an inert to metallic copper. In further

Gas or a supply aspect made in excess is according to the teachings of the invention

carbon monoxide-containing gas, which is actually used for the reduction of copper salts to copper metal

the carbonylation stage is used. 40 borrowed by the presence of nickel carbonyl,

As stated above, the present manganese carbonyl or cobalt carbonyl is promoted. It

Invention particularly effective in such cases, in which it was further established that it is unnecessary to use copper

which the nickel contents by noticeable, however, before the extraction of the nickel in the process

Separate smaller amounts of other valuable metals in particular. The reduction in nickel salts too

which copper and cobalt, are accompanied. How after- 45 Nickel carbonyl is produced by certain catalysts,

is explained in more detail below, the present creates namely ligands that a cyanide, sulfide, cysteine

Invention is a particularly effective improvement or a tartrate, promoted,

in the additional extraction of such metal - A property of the basic or common

hold. seed stage of all forms or applications of the

In addition to the main features of the present invention, it is an aqueous amden Invention as set forth above, including alkaline solution or slurry of They continue to form various processes including nickel salts. The nickel can be in shape lent the carbonylation and Nickelcarbonylabtren- soluble nickel salts, such as nickel acetate, nickel ammonium, As already mentioned, in connection with additional sodium chloride, nickel ammonium sulfate, nickel bromide, borrowed procedural stages. The additional process- 55 nickel chloride, nickel fluoride, nickel iodide or nickel stages consist in being the initial source for the sulfate. But nickel can also be used in a nor-nickel in a form which is insoluble for treatment with the carbon monster, the low-oxide-containing form Gas particularly susceptible or suitably partially dissolved by an agent such as ammonia Transfer form and / or concentration. can be borrowed. To these Nickelverbin-These Overall process sequences differ with 60 fertilizers include nickel carbonate, basic nickel dem present primary or starting nickel carbonate, nickel oxide, nickel phosphate, nickel hydroxide material and in the initial stages up to carbony etc.

lation treatment of an aqueous metal salt solution If the nickel is already in a water-soluble or slurry. The usefulness of the form, the aqueous reaction liquid must be improved The nickel recovery process does not necessarily contain any ammonium salt, but there are set. The range of its applicability gives salts to solubilize an insoluble nickel itself from the following list of nickel concentration compounds is desirable. At suitable office rates or nickel-containing materials to which the monium salts belong ammonium chloride, ammonium

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nium carbonate, ammonium sulphate, ammonium charge from the pressure, the charge and the desired phate, ammonium bromide, ammonium iodide, ammots reaction rate. As general benium phosphite, ammonium sulfite, ammonium cyanide, rich for temperatures at which the carbonylation of ammonium fluoride, ammonium sulfide and the like can be carried out, 50 to about finally their mixtures. Good results will apply to 5250 ° C with a preferred range of obtained when the aqueous ammonium salt concentrate is from about 100 to about 175 ° C. Tration is about 2 to 20 percent by weight. It has been found that the reaction of the carbons is a preferred range of about 3 to 10 percent by weight of ammoniacal salt solution containing monoxide. The excess amount of ammonia the presence of certain promoters is accelerated, is not critical and may be present as NH ₃ approximately 1 to 40 overall io The method by which weight percent of this acceleration, with a preferred taking place is not fully understood. However, the range of 2 to 20 weight percent, and particularly the rate of carbonylation, becomes noticeable through which is 2 to 10 weight percent. Addition of certain promoters increased. The amount of ammonium salt in the aqueous was found to be such promoters as ligands. The reaction medium should be at least sufficient, e.g. B. Alkolatanionen, anions of organic acids, on an equivalent basis an amount of anions to anions of inorganic acids and / or inorganic form that the amount of nickel, Kup anions present. A preferred group of ligands that corresponds to ferrous or cobalt metal. Preferably, those found to be effective as promoters for the anan-carbonylation process formed by the ammonium salt are cysteine ion levels versus the equivalents of the an- 20 and tartrate, sulfide and cyanide. A preferred presence of nickel, copper or cobalt metals in the motor ligand is the cyanide ion. Be the type of introduction excess. A suitable range, based on the promoter in the reaction medium, is not limited to the equivalents of the nickel, copper tables present and it is only necessary that the selected and cobalt metals, the stoichiometric amount of catalyst is soluble in the reaction medium. From up to about 100 anion equivalents per equivalent of the preferred amount of promoter or ligand catalyst of the above metals. A metal stone with a lower lysator with a catalyst-to-nickel-ver-sulfur content will require more ammonium salt in the ratio of 0.01 to 1 mole of promoter per mole of nickel, aqueous reaction medium than a preferred range is 0.01 to 0, 5MoI. It is a metal stone with a high sulfur content, because it is clear that the respective catalyst concentration of and thereby the supply of more anions by the reaction system used and that for the ammonium salt for dissolving or leaching will contain more metal in the metallic state that can be used in the process according to the invention of the carbonylation intended feedstock stone is required. is dependent.

When the nickel is at least partially dissolved, the duration of the reaction is a function of the amount used The resulting solution or slurry will be 35 carbonylation provided system and may become treated with a gas containing carbon monoxide. with the pressure, the temperature, the nature of the Be-One Amount of carbon monoxide containing gas, the filing and the solubilizing agent and the is at least sufficient to change with the nickel and use a catalyst. By doing the metals occurring together with it were to widen the range of the conditions used can bind into solution by means of numerous carbonylation reaction times up to about driving can be initiated. The respective procedure found 10 hours. However, is among the frontrunners Introduction is not critical; It is only necessary conditions to make the reaction essential lent that intimate contact of the solution and the ceased after about 2 hours. In fact, at carbon monoxide-containing gas is achieved. A use of a catalyst is the main part of the Preferred gas containing carbon monoxide is the carbon reaction ended within the first half an hour, monoxide itself. However, it can also be synthesis gas, the termination of the reaction is indicated by a sharp a combination of hydrogen and carbon mono- Decrease in the rate of pressure drop in the oxide, can be used. A preferred method, reaction vessel recognizable. It should be pointed out The solution to handling consists in the fact that the reaction time is not a completely independent one monoxide-containing gas under Uber atmospheric pressure. 50 is variable and within the framework of excessive demands to introduce. Carbon monoxide pressures can be changed from 3.5 to approximately in the individual reaction system Approximately 210 ata can be used, where one can.

preferred pressure range is 3.5 to about 130ata. In a preferred method, the nickel The pressure is not a completely independent and the associated metals after Variable but depends on the sy- 55 they are in solution in an ammonium salt solution star off, d. L, the type of ore and the type of carbonylated. A particularly preferred embodiment saline solution has an impact on the pressure required to form the use of an aqueous am feedthrough an effective carbonylation ammonium carbonate solution, in which is required. Ammonia and carbon dioxide to an aqueous temperature at which the carbonylation 60 medium are added, which is used to leach the If the procedure is carried out, nickel and the associated metals should be made from their can be selected that a desirable reaction raw material is used. Generally used speed make it easier and also use the solutions a ratio of ammonia to medication A simple process device allows from 0 to 1 to about borrowed. The temperatures depend on the type of 65 100 moles of ammonia per mole of metal, preferably from 0 to Feed and that in the carbonylation 50 and especially 0 to 10 moles of ammonia per depart from the aqueous reaction medium used. Moles of metal in solution. In many cases, therefore, the temperature depends on the reaction of the carbon monoxide

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term gas and nickel carbonyl solution formed by the nickel, the metal ions, ζ. Β. Nickel, copper, cobalt

can contain from the reaction solution by being absorbed in, etc., is fed to the reaction vessel,

a water-immiscible, essentially The catalyst (e.g. cyanide ion) is added and

inert solvent for nickel carbonyl or through the reaction vessel with gas containing carbon monoxide

Rinse the reaction vessel with additional carbon 5 pressurized. Anyone can do it in the cycle

monoxide-containing gas are separated. led electricity, the recovered metal ions from the

The exact nature of the solvent is solution or contains the residue, if not mentioned beforehand critical, as long as it is immiscible with water, or it can contain additional amine solution, insofar as it is is, nickel carbonyl dissolves and essentially under to adjust the concentration of the reaction Reaction conditions is inert. In a pre-io solution are required to be fed. The reacted Embodiment is a solvent with tion vessel is brought to the reaction temperature a lower density than water. Nickel and the solution stirred mechanically. The beginning of the carbonyl is present in many organic solvents, as is caused by the decrease in pressure of the reaction Paraffins, their mixtures, benzene, toluene and gas containing carbon monoxide are recognizable. The termini-carbon tetrachloride, soluble. The preferred solution for the reaction can be seen from the aftermath are paraffin fractions, such as ligroin, gasoline, let the pressure drop. The nickel carbonyl will Kerosene and paraffins, such as cyclohexane, heptane, then separated from the solution and absorbing octane, Nonane and the like supplied to normal or branched paraffin vessels. From which the Kobaltcarbonylverfine As well as their mixtures, solutions containing bonds can also be used will. A particularly preferred solvent is the metals obtained. All copper metal present Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon such as hexane is deposited in the reaction vessel and can Heptane, octane, nonane, decane, dodecane, their can be obtained from them. When other impurities branch-chain Derivatives, their mixtures, and the like, are present in the solution, can result

The amount of solvent used is to form residue from which the copper is separated

not critical. It is only necessary that the quantity of Lö- 25 must be.

Solvent to use to the desired amount This general procedure can be done without of the

To dissolve nickel carbonyl. There is no upper limit of the scope of the invention to deviate, be changed,

in terms of the amount of the organic solution, for example, as described above, as well

means, since this is purely from a point of view, a solvent for nickel carbonyl the reaction

such as economic considerations, size of the reaction mixture are added. Whose purpose is that

tion vessel, easy separation of the nickel carbonyl formed nickel carbonyl to dissolve selectively and here-

and the like. In general, being made possible by its removal from the system

0.1 to 2, in particular from 0.1 to 0.5 volume organically borrowed. The reaction can also take place continuously

nical solvent per unit volume of aqueous suitable modifications to maintain the pressure,

Reaction medium used. 35 the temperature and the reaction rate

As already stated above, the Nik- can be carried out. In such a case, the reaction solution withdrawn from the reaction medium must also be separated off in order to remove it by processing an unconverted metal and passing the oxide-containing gas through the solution and feeding it back into the reactor itself.
Nickel carbonyl turns into carbon monoxide-containing gas 40. The process is further vaporized by the following. When the reaction is complete, examples are illustrated in which all parts by weight of nickel carbonyl are both in the vapor phase and unless otherwise specified.
Reaction solution as well as dissolved in the solution itself.
available. When the pressure is reduced, Example 1 becomes
The autoclave containing the carbon monoxide-containing gas and the vapor phase lined with vapor and steamed back and forth was discharged with 5.0 g of copper sulfate from a nickel carbonyl recovery zone, for example pentahydrate, 5.25 g of nickel sulfate hexahydrate, 21 ml from a thermal decomposition zone . Concentrated ammonia, 25 ml of water and 10 ml of additional gas containing carbon monoxide are fed through the heptane. The autoclave was introduced with 45 ata solution and nickel carbonyl was pressed into the gas 50 hydrogen and 84 ata carbon monoxide, evaporated and heated from the reaction vessel in the win and then 2 hours at 150 ° C,
tion zone. In this way a mixture is obtained which consisted of an essentially complete removal of the nickel-colorless heptane phase, copper metal and a slight carbonyl. That used to clean the nickel-blue aqueous solution. The heptane phase was siphoned off carbonyl's carbon monoxide-containing gas 55 and with the subsequent heptane can be the same as that combined for the conversion of the extracts of the aqueous phase. The nickel was used. As stated above, nickel carbonyl and the heptane solution were preferred carbon monoxide-containing gases with carbon monoxide, excess bromine in carbon tetrachloride and synthesis gases. The amount of trades. The resulting mixture was filtered, purge gas is not critical and depends on the 60 washed with carbon tetrachloride and dried. Size of the reaction vessel, the temperature, and 2.55 g of nickel bromide were obtained. This corresponds to the pressure of the system. In general, there is a 5-8% yield of nickel carbonyl, based on the risk of 1 to 1000 volumes of carbon monoxide-containing, based on the starting nickel sulfate.
Gas sufficient. The copper metal was filtered, washed and

Any gel can be dried under vacuum for reductive carbonylation, making 0.90 g of copper suitable Reaction vessel received within the limits tech- fermetall. This result corresponds to a Nischer and economic principles used 71% yield, based on the starting copper being. A feed of aqueous ammine sulfate.

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This example explains that the copper present in an am-centered NH ₄ OH, 25 ml of water and 10 ml of heptane is charged with a mono-alkaline aqueous solution. The autoclave was pressed with 44 ata hydrogen ferrous salts copper metal in the presence of hydrogen and 84 ata carbon monoxide, then 2 hours and carbon monoxide can also form when heated at 150 ° C. The reaction mixture consisted of nickel salts in the mother liquor. It 5 consists of a colorless upper phase, copper metal and also explains that nickel (II) and salts in aqueous a slightly blue aqueous solution. The heptane ammoniacal solution of nickel carbonyl in phase was siphoned off and formed with the subsequent presence of copper amines. This is a heptane extract of the aqueous phase taken together as another aspect of this example. The copper-given. The organic solution was treated with overmetal and nickel carbonyl were treated without an overt bromine in carbon tetrachloride, removing visible contamination of one of the products. The resulting mixture was filtered, with bar even when hydrogen gas was washed in the reducing carbon tetrachloride and dried. Atmosphere was present. This example illustrates. 2.55 g of light yellow-brown powder were obtained, which was further identified as being possible for nickel carbonyl with nickel bromide. The isolated amount of an essentially water-immiscible solution corresponded to 11.7MMoI Ni (CO) ₄ , corresponding to a solution to be extracted, during reductions instead of a 58% yield, based on the starting NiSO ₄ . Find. Copper metal was isolated as above. From-

Another characteristic of the invention is the yield was 0.90 g, 14.2MMoI (71% based on the finding that nickel carbonyl caused the formation of the CuSO ₄ starting material). The preceding copper from ammoniacal solutions of copper example can be repeated in such a way that ammines catalyzes. Therefore, if you use carbon monoxide:
oxide, provide ammoniacal solu- ■ -, _ ■,

Solutions of the copper salts copper detail. When the copper concentrations are from 0.001 g per 1 to the

the same reaction conditions are used saturated solution,

and at the same time nickel carbonyl in the system pre-25 nickel concentrations of 0.001 g per 1 to is available, the yield of copper metal saturated solution, _

increases. This is demonstrated by the following example to ammomak concentrations of 1 to 10 moles

shown per mole of metal,

Hydrogen pressures from 0 to 84 ata, Example 2 \ _q temperatures from 100 to 250 ° C

A glass-lined shaking autoclave was used

used with 9.99 g CuSO ₄ · 5H ₂ O, 16 ml concentrated Am-. However, it should be noted

charged monium hydroxide and 35 ml of water. That the copper concentration is not critical. Before-

Autoclave was made with 42 ata carbon monoxide and added copper concentrations are from 1 to 100 g

42 ata hydrogen pressed. The resulting 35 per 1. Preferred nickel concentrations from 1 to

The mixture was heated at 150 ° C. for 2 hours. 150 g per 1. Preferred concentrations of ammonia

The resulting reaction mixture consisted of ranging from 1 to 10 moles per mole of metal, a colorless aqueous phase (which, according to the air, is preferred carbon monoxide pressures of 14 to 28 ata. expose dark blue colored) and copper metal. A preferred temperature range is from 100 to Metal was filtered off with aqueous ammonia, 40-200 ° C- The reaction times are not critical, ever-water and washed methanol. After drying, times of 1 to 4 hours are usually over 0.56 g of copper (22%) was obtained in vacuo. reaching. The presence of an immiscible

In another experiment, the vitreous organic solvent is not essential. As a lined vessel with 5.0 g (20MMoI) CuSO ₄ · 5H _? O, but this embodiment leads to a substantial 5.25 g (20 MMoI) NiSO ₄ - 6H ₂ O, 16 ml concentrating -Heptane loaded. The autoclave was comfortably preferred with 42 ATA, this embodiment was pressed through with hydrogen and carbon monoxide waiting for a solvent for nickel carbonyl and heated at 150 ° C. for 2.5 hours. Feed that to yourself. The reaction mixture resulting in solvents suitable for this purpose consisted of an aqueous layer, copper metal and a colorless organic layer, and amounts have already been given. The nickel carbonyl does not have to be formed in situ. Previously produced nickel carbonyl can be added to the

The copper metal was removed by filtration, adding an ion mixture,

washed and dried under vacuum. Another embodiment of this invention is

held 0.74 g of copper, a 58% yield. 55 the catalytic effect of manganese carbony in the

The nickel yield, determined by treating the production of copper from the carbon monoxide reduction

the heptane layer with bromine in CCl ₄ , was 52%>. tion of ammoniacal copper amine solutions.

Similar results were obtained when heptane This is explained by the following example,

was omitted. . .

A copper sample obtained by the preceding 60 Example 4

Process was obtained in which nickel was mixed in with a glass-lined shaking autoclave

Reaction mixture present contained 0.01 to approximately 300 ml

0.1% nickel. with

BeisDiel3 CuSO ₄ -5H ₂ O 9.9 g

^BeiSpie13 6 _S Mn ₂ (CO) ₁₀ ² 0.80g

A reaction vessel lined with glass was concentrated. NH ₄ OH 16 ml

with 5.0g, 20MMoI, CuSO ₄ ■■■ 5H ₂ O, 5.25g, water 35ml

20.0 MMoI, NiSO ₄ ■ 6H ₂ O, 21 ml, 320 MMoI, kon- n-heptane 10 ml

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loaded. The autoclave was filled with 42 ata hydrogen. The following experiments show that manganese

and 42 ata carbon monoxide pressed, then 2.5 hours carbonyl as well as the formation of nickel carbonyl heated at 150 ° C. The reaction mixture was catalyzed,
from a colorless aqueous phase, copper metal, ice board 5

solid Mn ₂ (CO) ₁₀ and a yellow organic 5

Phase. The heptane layer was siphoned off and a glass-lined reaction vessel became

the remaining catalyst was extracted with heptane and with 10.5 g, 40 MMoI, NiSO ₄ · 6H ₂ 0.0.80 g, 2.05 MMoI, ether. After working up the organic Mn ₂ (CO) ₁₀ , 21 ml of concentrated NH ₄ OH (about extracts were obtained 0.59 g of Mn ₂ (CO) ₁₀ (74% from 320 MMoI), 25 ml of water and 10 ml of heptane yield) . The copper metal was filtered off and sent with water. The autoclave was washed with 57.7 ata H ₂ and red ammonia, water and methanol. 9.14 ata CO was pressed off, then at 150 ° C. for 2.5 hours. After drying under vacuum, 1.03 g of copper were heated, cooled and obtained (16.2MMoI, 40.5% yield) through a dry ice trap. permit. The reaction mixture consisted of one

The previous experiment was carried out using a blue aqueous phase and a yellow organic mixture of the same reaction conditions and phase. The heptane layer was siphoned off and the same amount of reactants was repeated, but the aqueous phase with approximately 30 ml of heptane-hexane, Mn ₂ (CO) ₁₀ and heptane were omitted. The solution is extracted. The combined organic solution held 0.56 g, 8.9 MMoI, copper metal, equal to 22%, was obtained under vacuum in a dry ice-cooled yield. The aqueous phase of the reaction was container distilled.

colorless, but became dark blue after exposure to air. yielded 0.53 g, 136MMoI, Mn ₂ (CO) ₁₀ , equal to 67%

Because Mn ₂ (CO) _{10 is} a solid, it is preferred to prey. The distillate, which contained Ni (CO) ₄ , was carried out with the process being carried out in the presence of an organic solvent of -76 ° C with bromine-carbon tetrachloride solution. In contrast, until no more gas is formed, Ni (CO) _{4 is} a liquid and there is no solution in which the mixture contained bromine in excess. The sweetener required for this to act as a catalyst when the pension was filtered and washed with carbon tetrachloride. After drying under vacuum they were left. 5.93 g of nickel dibromide were obtained. The yield at

The example given above can be repeated so nickel carbonyl was 27.1 MMoI or 68%.
and there are increased yields of copper 30. When the experiment was repeated, those were obtained if: the same amounts of starting materials as in the

Copper concentrations of 0.001 g per 1 up to previous experiment used except that no saturated solution Mn ₂ (CO) _{10 was added} in this case. Of the

Manganese carbonyl copper ratios of 0.001 Autoclave was _{printed with 56 ata H 2} and 84 ata CO from 0 5 35 and heated at 150 ° C for 2.5 hours. To

Ammonia concentrations of 1 to 10 moles from this work-up procedure yielded 486 grams of NiBr ₂ per mole of metal. This corresponds to 22.2 MMoI Ni (CO) ₄ ,

Hydrogen pressures of 7 to 84 ata, equal to 5 6 »/ 0 yield. ^ ₁₁ .

Carbon monoxide pressures of 14 to 84 ata, ^the previously explained carbon dioxide

Temperatures of 100 to 250 ° C ⁴ ° ^{are part of many} overall process sequences

used in metal or metal content extraction. However, it should be noted that the reversible. Every cycle begins with some concentration of An-copper is not critical. Preferred catch or base material of the nickel type. In number copper concentrations are from 1 to 30 g per 1. The rich embodiments is a simultaneous preferred manganese carbonyl-to-copper ratio is 45 subject to the extraction of metals with 0.01 to 0.4. Preferred ammonia concentrations occur together as metals that contain nickel are in the range from 2 to 4. Preferred carbon amounts are present in such a way that they can be obtained by titration monoxide pressures are 14 to 28 ata. A preferred end is, and such metals are usually copper, Temperature range is 150 to 200 ° C. Reactive cobalt or both.

times are not critical; Times from 1 to 4 hours 50 These multi-step procedures then include various usually sufficient. Various, more or less, the skilled person is familiar with the catalytic effect of the initial stages and serve the purpose of the nickelbaltcarbonyl in the production of copper metal content in concentrated form of some type so too from the carbon monoxide reduction of ammoniacal form that the carbonylation processes are economical Copper amine solutions. For example, 55 Hch are applicable, and such combinations Similar results to the manganese carbonyl offer a number of simplifications and value catalysis of Example 4 obtained when cobalt- full advantages over the earlier expiry of the carbonyl in place of manganese carbonyl used process steps as in the starting or will. Primary metal material have found application.

Claims (2)

1 2 especially of nickel steels and stainless steels, claims: is used. For the extraction of nickel from the various 1. Process for the extraction of nickel from which ores various processes of a starting material, such as ore concentrates, 5 have been proposed. While the initial stages of stones, ferronickel, scrap and the like are similar in that most of these multi-stage processes are characterized by the fact that an aqueous ammoniacal system is formed in the further process stages, the nickel salts differences. These differences are to be ascribed to the different and possibly copper and cobalt salts resulting from compositions and metallurgical holds, then this system with a carbon mono- io properties of the ores,
Oxide-containing gas at an elevated temperature ores of commercial interest are treated according to their type and pressure and the nickel is converted to nickel after sulfidic or oxidic, and the carbonyl used converts the nickel carbonyl from the process differ according to the local techwäßigen system separating and forming niches or commercial problems. To cause the deterioration of nickel metal to decay. 15 to explain driving style is, for example, in 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in a sulphide ore the hydrometallurgical refining, that process from the aqueous system, which is often called the Sherritt-Gordon process copper precipitated by carbon monoxide is used, which is used for the extraction of the is separated. Nickel content from concentrates of pentlandite (Ni, 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that 30Pe) ₉ S ₈ enables. This ore is labeled with carbonic acid that formed during the treatment- ammonia solution leached. As a result, the cobalt tetracarbonyl anion is dissolved into solid hydrati-nickel and which is generally dissolved together with sated cobalt dioxide by contacting the copper and cobalt sulfides occurring there as an aqueous system with an oxygen-containing ammine, the iron in the residue being converted as a gas and the hydrated cobalt dioxide being hydrated Iron (III) oxide remains. Copper is separated from the aqueous system and subsequently precipitated, and the lead formation of cobalt dioxide is heated, the given nickel solution is reduced to cobalt metal with destruction of SuKafalls. mat oxidizes. The solution is “hydrogen under” 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized ge pressure and elevated temperature to form a indicates that the aqueous system thereby treats relatively pure nickel that is manufactured in briquettes is that one is sintered an oxygen-containing. Gas in an aqueous ammoniacal am- When the other processing methods are used Moniumsalzaufsehlämmung the starting material - with the sulfide ores the successive stages as initiates. of roasting, melting and converting 5. Preparation of the aqueous system according to 35 applied to the formation of a nickel stone, which for Claim 1, characterized in that further refining is carried out by means of electrolytic nickel-nickel ore subjected to acid extraction suitable for driving with formation of pure metal. Excess acid neutralizes and ammonia The processing of oxide ore can be more economical admits. by hydrometallurgical or carbonyl processes 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that characterized by the formation of nickel of high purity, that the nickel carbonyl are led out of the. In some cases, an ore of aqueous system is removed in that oxidic or laterite type to form a an excess of carbon monoxide-containing ferronickel material is processed. · Gas passes through. Without the majority in this point 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the nickel carbonyl from which the metallurgical process can be repeated 45 of the numerous step processes are available aqueous system by means of an insoluble in water can generally be established that the work comparisons organic solvent is removed. driving are complicated, time consuming and expensive. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that some difficulties and problems occur in that the reaction of the carbon bond with necessity, or at least with oxide-containing ammoniacal salt solution on request that the method should be suitable, Presence of certain promoters, such as ligands, other metal contents, especially copper and cobalt, consisting of cyanide, sulfide, cysteine or tar- which are often found in significant amounts in nickel-containing entered, is carried out. Ores occur economically to extract. 55 The properties of the various nickel-containing Ores and the previously used metallurgical __ Procedures are described in detail in the literature ben. Particularly interesting descriptions of the state of the art can be found in Kirk-Othmer, 60 »Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology«, 2nd edition This invention relates to a method for winning, vol. 6, p. 131, and in the textbook "The nung von Nichtfermetallen und especially a Winning of Nickel" by Boldt Jr. et al, D. Van methods for the recovery of nickel from various- Nostrand Co., New York, NY (1967), given,
those nickel-containing materials. According to the present invention, an am- It is well known that nickel is metallurgically 65 moniacal solution or slurry of Is of great value and obtained for example for coin-operated nickel salts by one of the embossing, plating, for corrosion-resistant materials - numerous nickel concentrates one treatment alien as such or as a component of alloys, subjected to the solution or slurry with