DE2061055B2 - CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR RAPID CHARGING AN ACCUMULATOR - Google Patents

Description

and the mains voltage side of the switch. This difficulty mainly occurs with

At least one a diode (D 1) and a resistance low-performance gas-tight or semi-gas-tight lead-acid battery (R 1) containing circuit is arranged. mulators with a limited electrical

2. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1, 30 working lytvorrat and an internal resistance, characterized in that the switch has one that is several times as large as that of a controllable silicon rectifier (TI) . normal accumulator. In addition, the interior

3. Circuit arrangement according to the claims resistance depending on the temperature and can 1 and 2, characterized in that the control from battery to battery considerably electrode of the silicon rectifier (Γ1) with the 35 vary, according to the amount of electrolyte emitter of a third transistor ( T 2) connected in the individual elements, in the case of the lead-acid battery, the base of which on the collector of the first transmitter corresponds to the degree of sulfation of the plates,
stors (Γ3) of the discriminator element is known that gas-tight accumulators such. B. is closed. Nickel cadmium cells, within a short time on their

4. Circuit arrangement according to one of the Anode 40 full capacity can be charged, provided that measures speak 2 or 3, characterized in that it is made that the cell voltage at short the anode of the controllable silicon rectifier interruption of the charging current, i.e. in a current (T 1 ) with its control electrode over a pause, not exceeding a certain limit value circuit of a diode (D 2) and a resistor. Also, the temperature should be connected during the charge stand (R 2). 45 increase only slightly.

5. Circuit arrangement according to one of the to accumulators within a short time at only 1 to 4, characterized in that a slight increase in temperature to be able to charge between the collector of the first transistor and a reliable, only little from the inside (T 3) and the emitter of the second transistor resistance-dependent display of the state of charge of the (T 4) of the discriminator element to receive a capacitor 50 accumulator, it has been arranged as advantageous sator (C 1). proven to be a half-wave or bridge rectifier

6. Circuit arrangement according to one of the current obtained without any smoothing as languages 2 to 5, characterized in that charging current is to be used. During the alternating parallel to the anode-cathode path of the control half-waves or in the periods between the silicon rectifier (Γ1) a series 55 point in time at which the instantaneous voltage falls below the connection of a diode (D 3) and a resistor battery voltage and the point in time , on which the (R 8) is arranged. if it exceeds this again, no charging current flows.

7. Circuit arrangement according to one of the during these periods, the voltage corresponds to 1 to 6, characterized in that a residual polarization on the accumulator, which follows the second switch (T 11) between the transfer 60 previous charging current pulse and can mator and the The positive pole of the accumulator is arranged as an indicator for the state of charge of the accumulator. can be used. The control of the charging current

8. Circuit arrangement according to claim 7, da- mes takes place in the known fast charging circuits, characterized in that the control electrode is usually by an electronic switch, for example the second switch (Γ11) also with the 65 a transistor or a controllable silicon emitter of the third transistor ( T 2) connected rectifier. The reduction or termination of the charging current is carried out, for example, according to FIG

9. Circuit arrangement according to one of the Andeutsche Oifenlegungsschrift 1 937 282

- Hatred is a circuit parallel to the accumulator, which contains a capacitor and a wise electronic switch, is switched to the accumulator via a capacitor during the low-current interruption and the capacitor is connected to a voltage-sensitive order via the silicon rectifier blocked as soon as de. Capacitor a given span-shallow In this German Openemegungsscbrift S voltage on the capacitor with a SoU which is given by a Zener diode, Schen. This is not a bista- ^ KiDD circuit. When fast charging gas-SÄS accumulators, however, a cut-off at a maximum voltage is indispensable, _since extremely dense Ni-Cd accumulators can be chilled if they are charged with a constant voltage (runaway effect). The salt voltage in a full Ni-Cd battery pack must be divided with an accuracy of approx. 1%, ie in the case of the present circuit Sn le relevant components must be selected with a high degree of accuracy.

The disadvantage of such a circuit arrangement is the high cost of components, since, so that the cut-off voltage can be set precisely, for S vSich An Sol? and actual value a Kor, of the first transistor in each case with the collector and the base of the second transistor verbtmdeii sma, aau the emitter of the second transistor via the disconnection of a partial resistance of a potentiometer

and a resistor is connected to the negative pole and the other partial resistance of the potentiometer is connected to the positive pole of the accumulator and that between the connection point of this Wd «position with the potentiometer and the ™

nion side of the splitter F "? ^^^, ^^^ and the circuit containing a resistor

The order is rs-n ^ Armo <άηή

Advantageous further developments of the invention are explained in the sub-statements In the following, on the basis of Fig. 1b «5 de Subject of the present invention tert erlau closer

Show:

Fig. 1 a ^^ f
, opening for snow loading

a pulsating sttom that

direction is gained. _rt "» _nlino, however

Fig. 2 shows the same circuit arrangement, however

with a bridge in front. _{ße Exec} .

Fig. 3 a ^^, ^ "^ JSung for quick

* ₅

rungsvananu a Sch ™ & ^s ^ jf _och charge of accumulators, but with switched bridges. "*

_before .

tion of the gas separation and the accumulator template to achieve, it has already been proposed

^^ ⁰ ^ ¹⁵⁶ " ^{a discharge} ;; mulators
over a

will! Circuit

p ^ nSa ^ ;;

The Russian patent specification 180 224 already describes a method for rapid charging of lead-acid batteries known, in which the plates of the accumulators in certain time intervals so be polarized so that they serve on the one hand as aaode and on the other hand as a cathode. an asymmetrical alternating voltage is applied to the plates. In this Russian patent specification is a certain ratio for the amplitudes of the current strengths (Lpxiestrom strength and discharge current strength) and for the duration of the two current impulses

^8e Furthermore, according to the German Offenlegungsschrift 1935 201, a device for rapid charging of batteries is known which enables the discharge current path to be switched on within the time interval between two consecutive direct current pulses supplied to the battery. A Zener diode is also used as a voltage standard in this device.

The object of the present invention is a circuit arrangement for rapid charging of accumulators with a pulsating current and optionally with a discharge circuit "" twidbdn, which has the disadvantages of the pulsating current used in the known devices as discriminator elements
According to Fig. Ι

ter

sistoder

₅₅ tied J ^E
Tap emes j
rtandR 7 ^ t deffl

the transformed Net, vech- ^ _{lektronischen} switch before ^ nteuerbaren Siliziumgleichrichr ^ ^ ebensteue _{half wave}

to ^ ⁿ _half-wave ^P _enstrom derBatterie desired utilization of the

J ^ STother combinations also _{in Ver} .

^ BrucKe ^ g _hihter

The criminal element that encompasses the e consists of the tran ^e . ' _{parallel mm} accumulator

S. and ^P the emitter of the Tran is operated with the ^ ^. ^ _{T 4 yer} .

The transistor T _{4 is potentiornetet} via the ^ _{P t and a} cons-accumulator

_Ί f _st ^P _{via the} series connection.

1 and a DiodeDl with the ^ _d

lators with different terminal voltages can be used.

_{6rinQ of every} half-wave as soon as the instantaneous transformed mains voltage reduces the voltage

Resistance R 2 receives a control signal, ignited. Bridge or a midpoint circuit corresponding to the same length across the resistor Rl and FIGS. 3 and 4 is used, then fiction DiodeDl the half-wave voltage at RT, which is designed according to the cathode of the then additionally used that the voltage at the discriminator controllable Silicon rectifier TIl galvanically with element below the breakdown voltage of the t of the cathode of the controllable silicon rectifier base-emitter path of the transistor T 3 and connected to Tl, while the control electrodes of each discriminator element is blocked, so there is because of diodes D 5 and D 6 with the emitter but also the base of the transistor T 2, which are connected to the KoI transistor T 2,
According to FIG. 5, a circuit according to the invention can be used for emitter potential and the transistor T 2 is also blocked for rapid charging of accumulators. At the end of each half-wave the ren will be provided with a pulsating current with an additional holding current of the controllable silicon rectifier T1 borrowed discharge circuit. This falls below this and this locks Now the discharge circuit consists of the series connection voltage on the accumulator of a residual polarization following the charging current of a capacitor C 2 and a controllable SiIiimpuls, which is used as a display 15 and is used in parallel to the accumulator for the state of charge of the accumulator arranged. This controllable silicon can be equalized and which is only slightly dependent on the internal resistance judge T 6 via a parallel to the accumulator of the accumulator. arranged transistor T 7 controllable. The anode

With the decrease in the instantaneous value of the half of the controllable silicon rectifier T 6 is over wave voltage, the potential at 20 two diodes Dl, D 4 and a resistor R 9 with the emitter of transistor T 4 shifts in the negative direction. The mains voltage side of the controllable silicon voltage on the discriminator element rises and is connected to rectifier T1, while its control unit is only galvanically connected to the collector of the transition of the battery voltage or one on the potentiometer T 7 after switching off switch T1. Its base is on the tap meter Pl adjustable fraction of the battery voltage 25 of a potentiometer P 2, which is between the emitter of the voltage. The discriminator element can therefore only be active in transistor T 4 and the negative pole of the accumulator during the current breaks and this is only switched

When the partial voltage of the battery applied to it- At the beginning of a half-wave, the transistor T 7 is the breakdown voltage of the base- opened because an emitter path of the transistor T 3 is exceeded via the potentiometers P1 and P 2. 30 Current flows and the voltage drop at the tap of The behavior of this discriminator element ent- P 2 due to the increased terminal voltage speaks the voltage current characteristic of a four-accumulator is sufficient to the transistor T 7 layered diode with a low threshold voltage. As soon as to steer through. So that the control is the breakdown voltage of the base-emitter path electrode of the silicon rectifier T 6 on which the transistor T 3 is reached, a lower 35 cathode potential flows and this is blocked via the current in the base of the transistor T 4 and opens the- Series connection of the diodes D 1, D 4 and the resistor. The current through the transistor T 4 calls at the booth R 9, the capacitor C 2 is charged. Resistance R 3 results in a voltage drop, where at the end of a half-wave the silicon evenly locks through the transistor T 3, whose collector is now the rectifier Tl, so the voltage on the potentio roll of the emitter also takes over controlled 40 mieren P1 and P 2 on the The value of the idle span will be. This increases the base current of the battery voltage. Sufficient this idle transistor T 4 and this is further controlled voltage is not yet sufficient to control the discriminator and in turn controls the transistor T 3 on. By this feedback, the discriminator tap of the potentiometer P 2 is no longer sufficient to keep the element suddenly turned on. The transistor 45 keeps the transistor T 7 turned on. This T 2 is also passed through and the control locks and opens the silicon rectifier T 6. The electrode of the summing rectifier T1 with the mini capacitor C 2 is now discharged or recharged, the terminal of the accumulator is connected. It is connected to the accumulator

This completes the charging process, because when the exponentially decaying current is drawn until the next half-wave, the controllable silicon holding current of the controllable silicon rectifier rectifier Γ1 remains blocked, because the other control element is undershot and it suddenly blocks
trode kern control signal is available In the event that the battery has its intended capacity, so that the charge has not reached due to external influences, e.g. Discriminator 55 on potentiometer P2 is switched by the additional element a capacitor Gi . It also increased by the current flowing so that the Tranparallel for discriminating element is a Tastschal- sistor Γ remains open and 7 derSüiziumgleichrichter ter T α arranged »6 further inhibits a manual reactivation T

.ten of the snow loading process enables the advantages of a circuit according to the invention

■ Through the series connection of a diode D 3 and 60 arrangement for fast charging of accumulators

a resistor R β parallel to the anode-cathode can be seen in particular in the fact that the effort

den-stretch of; controllable silicon rectifier on components kept small and that on the

T1, the self-discharge of a permanent can be dispensed with the turning of a voltage norm

Charger connected accumulator can compensate. In addition, the discriminator

be sated. 65 a temperature adapted to the accumulator

Has a semi-controlled coefficient for rectification

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (1)

sprüdie 1 to 8, characterized in that the capacitor (Cl) is bridged with a push button switch (T β) 1. Circuit arrangement for rapid charging of a 5th cumulaors with a pulsating stream, at which between the transformer or between a rectifier connected to this and the accumulator at least one The invention relates to a circuit switch is arranged and this switch via io arrangement for fast charging of an accumulator with a discriminator element that determines the voltage of a pulsating current, in which detected between the lators in the current flow pauses, transformer or between a connected to this, characterized, closed rectifier and the accumulator that the at least one switch connected in parallel to the accumulator is arranged and this discriminator element consists of two transistors (T 3, 15 Switch via a discriminator element, which consists of T 4) , that the base and the emitter of the voltage of the accumulator in the current flow pauses of the first transistor (T 3) are each detected with the coil and can be controlled. and the base of the second transistor (T 4) with normal constant voltage chargers are bound that the emitter of the second Tran AC voltage input, in which the Steuervorrichsistor (r 4) via the series connection of a part ao lines are connected directly to the battery to be charged resistor of a potentiometer (P 1) and a potentiometer (P 1) and a resistor, the input voltage and resistance (RJ) with the negative pole and accordingly the charging time vary within wide limits with the other partial resistance of the potentiometer the resistance of the accumulator, since the (P 1) connected to the positive pole of the accumulator has a considerable influence on the voltage and that between the connection point »5, which develops on the accumulator during each of this resistance (R 7) with the potentiometer charging current surge.