DE2264142B2 - Composite metal casting of a steel plate and an aluminum material and method of making the same - Google Patents

Description

of the base metal to which the aluminum material or coating is bonded, during the Metal spray process is roughened, forming numerous joints or cracks in which the Aluminum material or the coating penetrates in the molten state. Even with this one However, complicated precautionary measures are required, otherwise a relatively large one Amount of oxides trapped in the base metal that is during the formation of the sprayed Form base metal. Accordingly, by means of this method, but without regard to the Precautions, composite metal produced generally has a relatively great hardness, but one has relatively low mechanical strength, thereby reducing machinability, and more insufficient thermal conductivity is achieved.

In a third of the usual locking methods a base metal is used, which can be prepared by center punching, scoring or cutting has generated, substantially rectangular projections. The tips of these protrusions are subsequently flattened, for example by working with rollers or presses, to substantially to result in laterally extending protrusions. The base metal is then mechanical Ways are firmly bonded to the aluminum material by injection molding or casting. In this process, the aluminum material penetrates from the during injection molding or casting Base metal surface, the elevations and the projections formed joints or cracks more complicated Shaping a. Accordingly, there can be a relatively strong cohesion between the base metal and the aluminum material or the coating. The number of in the base metal trained surveys is limited for practical reasons, the surveys each have smooth side surfaces and are aligned in the same direction. The attachment capacity and the thermal conductivity therefore remains questionable unless a chemical bond is created, for example by soldering or plating of or with copper. In any case, this requires procedure a greater number of manufacturing steps than the other methods previously carried out.

In a fourth of the previously customary locking methods, the base metal has a surface with a large number of substantially square projections, the side and star surfaces of which by means of powdered glass and graphite adhering to the molding die are roughened. The base metal is then firmly engaged with the aluminum material or coating by injection molding. In this process, however, not only one mold has to be produced before injection molding, which is used to make the base metal with the square protrusions, but it It is also necessary to clean the molding die from the powdered glass and graphite. Farther the bond strength achievable according to this method is relatively weak and the contact area between the base metal and the aluminum material or coating is in view the fact that there is no chemical bond between them, so small that the thermal conductivity is insufficient to the extent that the composite material made according to this method cannot be used satisfactorily for parts of internal combustion engines that are often exposed to heat and mechanical loads.

In either case, a composite metal made according to any of the conventional methods has a variety of nightwear. The present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages.

iv> The invention is essentially to create An improved composite metal directed, which consists of a steel plate, which is in a desired shape is brought and has a plurality of teeth rising from the plate, and. one with this on mechanically firmly connected aluminum material or a coating, without that a soldering technique is used, an indissolubly connected surface coating is obtained that is resistant to abrasion, impact and / or elevated temperatures or has other required or desired properties.

The invention is further directed to an improved composite metal of the aforementioned type, which can be easily manufactured without the need for complicated manufacturing steps required are.

According to the invention in the production of the composite metal coating the steel plate machined to a variety of teeth of suitable thickness, width and elevation by raising portions of the surface of the plate on at least one surface thereof to accomplish. The steel plate is then shaped into the desired shape and covered with the aluminum material inextricably linked by injection molding. For best results the number of Teeth per unit area of the steel plate are preferably large, with each tooth having an appropriate volume has and is equipped with a large number of flaws on its surfaces. Thereby the contact surface, on which the steel plate and the aluminum material during the subsequent injection molding are to be firmly connected to each other, are enlarged. The enlargement of the contact area in fact improves the thermal conductivity as well as the bond between the Steel plate and the aluminum material.

The teeth formed on the steel plate can be arranged in any desired or suitable manner will. For example, the teeth, which are usually at a certain angle in with respect to the plane of the steel plate or base plate, provided the latter is normal or special steel is made in a variety of Groups are arranged, which are of the size of the to be used for a particular purpose, the resulting composite metal. In this case it is advantageous to put the teeth of one group in to tilt one direction and those of the neighboring group in the opposite direction, adjacent groups can be attached at a suitable distance from one another.

Although the sufficient bonding ability and thermal conductivity can be obtained without that any additional processing, e.g. B. soldering or plating, otherwise at the interface must be carried out between the base plate and the aluminum material, the soldering can

5 ⁹ 6th

If the plating is carried out in this case, the contact surface is correspondingly larger if a thermal conductivity is desired between the base plate 1 and a subsequently greater than the bonded aluminum material 3 that can be achieved without soldering or plating. ß ^ßr · I "the consequence is not only the thermal conductivity

The invention is further improved on a method for the 5 speed of the composite metal obtained, son production of the above-mentioned composite metal also determines the bond strength between the one in which a base plate 1 and the aluminum material 3 are used to form each tooth Area of the steel plate excavated and erected volume of each tooth 2 must be such that the heat becomes at the same time the defects arise. capacity of the tooth is small. This requirement is Other objects and advantages of the present invention are of relatively great importance in view of the fact tion will emerge from the following description that molten aluminum material with a Gedie A preferred embodiment is based on pure aluminum or one of its materials. Reference is made to the drawing or to several during the injection molding in men. It shows should be able to penetrate into joints or cracks 4-Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of the part 15, which of the teeth 2 and also in Fueiner Base plate with an arrangement of grooves or cracks, which from the flaws 5 on properly formed teeth, the surface of each tooth are formed, penetrate F i g. Figure 2 is a schematic side view from which the can be seen without the molten material underneath Way it can be seen in which the teeth are at the bottom of the action of heat exchange processes plate are formed, »° solidified before it has sufficiently penetrated.

F i g. 3 is a schematic side view in FIG.

larger scale, from which the shape of each tooth at least one surface la each tooth 2 not only bears

can be seen, to the increased bonding capacity, but rather

F i g. 4 is a photomicrograph in 58 times also showing the increase in the contact area between

enlargement, from which part of the bonding interface 25 of the base plate 1 and the aluminum material 3 at.

between the base plate and the aluminum mate- Furthermore, the bond strength can be compared

rials according to the invention can be seen, to the one trained with the same inclination-

F i g. 5 a photomicrograph in 400-fold vertices are additionally reinforced if the

enlargement of a part of the in F i g. 4 bin teeth 2 shown with different inclinations with respect to

application interface and 30 the plane of the base plate 1 are formed.

Fig. 6 is a schematic sectional view of a following is a method of formation

Injection molding arrangement, which is described for the production of the teeth 2 on the steel base plate 1, Use composite metal casting of the invention, referring to FIG. 2 is referred to. The teeth 2 can be det. be on the base plate 1 in a simple manner

The term used in the following "Defect 35 by using a reciprocating lerstelle" includes wrinkles or warps, cracks, chisel 10 formed which has a cutting edge or cracks, chips, splices, splinters or other 10 a suitable width. Obviously, the surface roughening traces, which in turn, when the chisel 10 is driven back and forth during the formation of the teeth while the base plate 1 is being formed on the base plate. 40 longitudinal direction indicated by arrow X inter-

In the drawings, in particular in FIG. 1 to 5, is moved in a centralized manner or is guided past, a row of a base plate 1 is shown, which is made of steel from teeth 2 can easily be formed. The base plate is formed with a plurality of The cutting edge 10 a of the chisel 10 has a beZähne 2, which are arranged in two rows at a certain angle θ , which is selected in the longitudinal direction of the base plate 1. 45 that, when the chisel approaches the base plate 1, the teeth 2 of one row are moved away in one, whereby the skin or surface of the direction and the teeth 2 of the other row in a plate to form the tooth 2 is raised , in another, especially opposite direction, the flaws form, as the microphotogen tends to. These two teeth on the base plate graphs in FIG. 4 and 5 are clearly seen in relation to one another in such a way. The flaws are formed on the basis that each tooth 2 of the one row of one of the opposite surfaces 2 a of each tooth 2 is arranged on a line which is essentially between the ones that have not previously touched the chisel 10 two adjacent teeth 2 rend the tooth 2 itself extends at a certain angle of the other row, as can be seen in the relation to the plane of the base plate 1 extends F i g. 1 and 3 can be seen. 55 To the resistance to shear

The teeth 2 preferably each have a force to be improved, which act in a special construction that is sufficient to meet the requirements that the base plate 1 and the interlocking with it and to obtain optimal aluminum material 3 relative to each other is sufficient for results ; the number of teeth will be 2, the following applies: If the base plate 1 is 2 mm thick per unit area of the base plate 1 should be relatively large 60, the sum of the thickness α lies on the wort, with each tooth 2 having a suitable volume of each tooth 2 and of the interval c between the two shows. In addition, the flaws, which, like neighboring teeth, are preferably carried out later in the region voi, should be formed on at least one area 0.5 to 2.0 mm, while the height h of each tooth 2 ir each tooth, in a considerable thickness range between 0.5 to 3.0 mm. Preferably and number are present while the teeth are in front of the ratio of the thickness α to the interval c preferably c with respect to the plane of the base plate 1, that is to say because, essentially the same as or less than S, are differently oriented or inclined. and the ratio of the thickness α to the height ft, i.e. r

When the number of teeth per unit area is 2 h / a, is substantially equal to or less than 5.

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The composite metal can be made in spacing (= a + c) 0.75 mm

using the base plate 1, which, at height (= Λ) 1.20 mm

you the by means of the above-mentioned method from- Thickness (= a) 0.45 mm

having formed teeth 2. This base plate 1 width (= b) 2.50 mm

is subsequently in firm engagement with the aluminum 5

brought miniummaterial 3, namely by means of injection-molded details of each tooth formed in this way are made

molding. This injection molding is described in more detail below in the photomicrograph in FIG. 4 can be seen. the

purifies, whereby on F i g. 6 is referred to. The way in which these teeth are formed is already under reference

FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of what has been described in FIG. 2.

Injection molding assembly for use in Herio. The cylinder liner 20 thus formed is through

Positioning a cylinder for an internal combustion injection molding with an aluminum alloy in solid

tion machine. The base plate with the teeth 2 engaged, which according to the Japanese

is shown shaped into a cylinder liner 20, industry standard denoted by AC 4 D. this

which is mounted on a movable injection-molded tube 23 is an equivalent to Alcoa 355 or SAE 333.

is consolidated. The formation of the cylinder liner 20 15 by the engine cylinder 20 is obtained. To

can be achieved by removing the base plate 1 of the motor cylinder 20 from the injection molding

with the teeth on it rolls and then casting arrangement and after its complete removal

cooling their opposite ends together, he made a specimen with a

binds. Length of 10mm, a width of 5mm and a

The injection molding equipment comprises mold halves 22 20 thickness of 50 mm including the thickness (1.5 mm)

and 23 with spray recesses 22 a and 23 a, the steel plate made to the bondability

which form a casting cavity 24. Melted between the steel plate, d. H. the cylinder liner,

nes aluminum material, which increases in the solidification and coating of the aluminum alloy

the casting 3 forms, is measured under pressure over a, by determining the shear strength

Channel 25, which is usually in the solid form.

half 22 is formed, in the casting cavity 24 a The measurement of the shear strength is carried out, guided. The pressure of the molten aluminum by placing the steel plate on the aluminum material must be high enough so that there is a bevel in the longitudinal direction of the minium alloy the teeth 2 and also in those of the error load exerts. As a result of this measurement was set 5 formed on the surface 2 a of each tooth 2- 30 found that the relative displacement between ten joints or cracks can penetrate. the steel plate and aluminum alloy area,

In the following, the invention is illustrated by means of which with the former according to the invention in solid

Embodiments explained in more detail. Intervention takes place when the load reaches a value of 11.6 kg / mm ² . This

35 value is in fact nearly twice as great as the shear strength, according to the above

Example 1 fourth locking method can be achieved.

This value is still above the value of

In the above-described and in FIG. 6 to 10 kg / mm ² , which, however, is difficult to manufacture by means of the manner shown, a cylinder for an internal transplantation method or other internal combustion engine. For this manufacture driving is achievable.

a cylinder liner 20 is used, which in view of the above is obvious-use a steel plate, consisting of cold borrowed that a Moto roll manufactured in this way Steel (SPCC) with a thickness of 1.5 mm, made of cylinders, has excellent operating properties. The steel plate is made with the in the from F i g. 1 45 has the above-mentioned high shear strength clearly arranged teeth, shows which are usually found in machine parts such as Mowelche each of the following conditions must be met:

.f

1 sheet of drawings

509 523/22:

Claims (10)

A method according to claim 9, characterized in that the steel plate is curved and that then its opposite 1. Casting made of composite metal, consisting of ends being connected,
one brought into a desired shape steel 5 plate and one on at least one of the opposing surfaces of the steel plate with this inextricably linked aluminum material, thus identifiable shows that the surface of the steel plate is io
with a plurality of teeth raised from this of suitable thickness, width and height
for the formation of primary joints or cracks
is equipped, with each tooth in one piece The invention relates to a metallic workpiece, at least one having a plurality of defects, in which a steel plate and an aluminum material are each mechanically engaged during formation. Tooth arise and essentially irregular- The invention relates in particular to a casting form moderate joints or cracks, equipped from composite metal, which has made of a steel plate surface, and that the aluminum is 20 , which is mechanically with an aluminum material in the primary and irregular fu- minium material is firmly engaged and the wigen or scratching has penetrated to a firm more resilient to wear, impact or engagement or cohesion between the iron joint and / or elevated temperatures is or plate and the aluminum material to accomplish. their required or desired properties 2. Casting according to claim 1, characterized in that it has 25, ζ. B. good thermal conductivity,
indicates that each tooth is inclined with respect to the hitherto various methods of obtaining steel plate. management of a fixed mechanical engagement of a 3. Casting according to claim 1, characterized by base metal, e.g. made of cast iron or indicates that the teeth are made of at least two steel, with an aluminum material, which is pure Rows are arranged, the teeth of the 30 including aluminum or its alloys, one row has been carried out on the steel plate in one. Direction and the teeth of the other row in one of these procedures, the together one from the direction of the first row in the presence of an intermetallic compound are inclined in different directions. chemical nature achieved. What the automotive indus- 4. Casting according to claim 3, characterized in that it concerns, this method is more satisfactory indicates that the two rows of teeth in the Ab- way in the manufacture of cylinder liners stand from each other. of engines or machines, inner linings or 5. Method for producing a casting brake drums applied, because of the of composite metal according to one of claims 1 strong or firm cohesion, which in Gegenbis 4, characterized in that the intermetallic compound between Each tooth is an area of the steel plate a base metal, which iron as its essential means one chisel excavated and containing upright lent component, and one by injection molding is tet, with the flaws at the same time being from aluminum material or such a material. gene coating can be achieved. This verse 6. The method according to claim 5, thereby driven 45 but requires precautionary measures in order to indicates that the chisel used has a satisfactory cohesion between the Cutting edge with an aluminum material melted to the width of each tooth and having a width corresponding to the base and that can be achieved after a single metal, namely in such a way that the on the other hand, an external force on the cutting base metal of a relatively complicated pretreatment edge opposite chisel end exercised 50 must be subjected to development. In addition, the interwird while the steel plate intermittently pre-metallic connection, which brings about the aluminum becomes, with the faults connecting the main stratification with the base metal, relative neutrally formed weak or fragile on the surface of the tooth, so that the binding capacity that is correspondingly low to the other, with the cutting edge, to the extent that face in contact. 55 that this leads to some problems in the practical 7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, thereby turning. characterized in that the chisel is detuned in a second of the commonly used types Angle to the surface of the steel bolting process is called a "transplant" plate is driven. Procedure became known. This procedure is in 8. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 60 of US Pat. No. 3,083,424 is disclosed. Here to 7, characterized in that the joint is based on the by means of a metal spraying process The base metal made between the steel plate and aluminum - the core is an aluminum material is achieved by injection molding. transferred material or applied by injection molding 9. The method according to any one of claims 5 and such a mechanical coating through 8, characterized in that the steel plate 65 ways firmly engaged. This transplanin a desired shape is brought before the tations process provides a bond that The casting made by casting the aluminum material is larger than the aforementioned method, is trained. due to the fact that the surface