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EP0009660B2 - Method and device for spraying concrete - Google Patents
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EP0009660B2 - Method and device for spraying concrete - Google Patents

Method and device for spraying concrete Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0009660B2
EP0009660B2 EP79103338A EP79103338A EP0009660B2 EP 0009660 B2 EP0009660 B2 EP 0009660B2 EP 79103338 A EP79103338 A EP 79103338A EP 79103338 A EP79103338 A EP 79103338A EP 0009660 B2 EP0009660 B2 EP 0009660B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete
conveying
mixture
water
branch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79103338A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0009660B1 (en
EP0009660A1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Ruedi Egger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
INTRADYM MASCHINEN AG
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INTRADYM MASCHINEN AG
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Priority to AT79103338T priority Critical patent/ATE931T1/en
Publication of EP0009660A1 publication Critical patent/EP0009660A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0009660B1 publication Critical patent/EP0009660B1/en
Publication of EP0009660B2 publication Critical patent/EP0009660B2/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
    • B28C7/04—Supplying or proportioning the ingredients
    • B28C7/0404—Proportioning
    • B28C7/0409—Proportioning taking regard of the moisture content of the solid ingredients; Moisture indicators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
    • B28C7/16—Discharge means, e.g. with intermediate storage of fresh concrete
    • B28C7/162—Discharge means, e.g. with intermediate storage of fresh concrete by means of conveyors, other than those comprising skips or containers, e.g. endless belts, screws, air under pressure
    • B28C7/163—Discharge means, e.g. with intermediate storage of fresh concrete by means of conveyors, other than those comprising skips or containers, e.g. endless belts, screws, air under pressure using a pump
    • B28C7/165—Discharge means, e.g. with intermediate storage of fresh concrete by means of conveyors, other than those comprising skips or containers, e.g. endless belts, screws, air under pressure using a pump using a fluid, e.g. gas
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
    • E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
    • E04G2021/049—Devices for both conveying and distributing concrete mixing nozzles specially adapted for conveying devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for spraying concrete according to the preamble of claim 1 and an apparatus for performing the method.
  • Such a method is used to apply concrete to a base, such as a wall or vault, for example in tunnels, in tunnel construction and in mining.
  • the compressed air serving as the conveying medium must have sufficient pressure to convey the concrete mass through a conveying path from a spraying machine to the spray nozzle. If a sufficient amount of water is added to the concrete mass before this conveying section, then the volume weight of the concrete mass is greater than that of a dry concrete mass and the frictional resistance in the conveying section increases due to the stickiness of the mass, so that the compressed air must have such a high pressure. that blockages of the conveyor hose serving as the conveying section are avoided with certainty.
  • the high pressure of the conveying air means that the concrete mass thrown out of the spray nozzle against the base hits the base with such force that a considerable proportion of the sprayed-on concrete mass bounces off the base and falls to the ground as unusable and disruptive waste .
  • the economy of the spraying process is considerably impaired by the loss of part of the concrete mass, since its proportion in the total concrete mass to be sprayed can be quite high.
  • the concrete mass is conveyed to the spray nozzle in an almost dry state and the required amount of water is only added at the nozzle, then a lower pressure of the conveying air is sufficient, but the exposure time of the water to the concrete mass is too short, so that the concrete mass adheres on the pad is difficult due to insufficient stickiness. In addition, dust develops, which can significantly obstruct the view.
  • the dry mixture is first pre-moistened to a certain moisture content and the pre-moistened mixture is then immediately before Spray nozzle the final amount of water added.
  • the rebound of the mass from the base is also supported in this case by the compressed air emerging from the spray nozzle together with the mass by blowing the mass away from the base again.
  • DE-U-1 766 089 it is therefore known from DE-U-1 766 089 to separate and branch off a portion of the compressed air from the concrete mass before the outlet end of the delivery line.
  • the concrete spraying device working with compressed air described in DE-C-442292 also works according to a similar principle in that, for the purpose of throttling the outlet speed, at least some of the compressed air is discharged at a branching c arranged in the delivery line a at a distance in front of a spray nozzle e, whereby the concrete is moved at an inhibited speed after the air diversion.
  • the problem of transporting the moist mass remains unsolved.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method for spraying concrete in which the rebound of concrete mass from the base is limited to a minimum.
  • the advantage of the method according to the invention lies in particular in the division of the moistening into a pre-moistening taking place in front of the conveying hose and a full moistening taking place at the spray nozzle. Due to the pre-moistening, the concrete mixture is wetted evenly before it reaches the delivery hose, so that the amount of water added to the spray nozzle is absorbed by the concrete mixture considerably faster than if the concrete mixture were still dry at this point. On the other hand, however, the pre-moistening can be kept so low that the transport through the spray line is not impaired to the extent that would be the case with a fully moistened concrete mixture.
  • the pre-moistening according to the invention brings about a more uniform moistening and more even conveying of the concrete mass outside the conveying hose, which results in a more homogeneous spray compound at the spray nozzle. Due to the lower weight of the only pre-moistened concrete mixture and the lower frictional resistance compared to a fully moistened concrete mixture, a lower pressure of the conveying air is sufficient, so that the kinetic energy of the concrete mixture emerging from the spray nozzle is also less high. If a portion of the compressed air is also diverted on the way to the spray nozzle, the rebound of the concrete mass from the surface onto which it is sprayed can actually be reduced to a minimum.
  • the amount of water added to the spray nozzle only needs to be set once to an optimum in order to maintain a constant moistening of the concrete mass to be processed.
  • FIG. 1 An exemplary embodiment of the subject matter of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.
  • the only figure shows a system for spraying concrete.
  • a spray nozzle 10 is connected to a spraying machine 14 via a delivery hose 12, 12 '.
  • the spraying machine 14 has a collecting container 16, in which concrete mass 20 'is conveyed via a belt conveyor 18.
  • a moisture sensor 24 for measuring the moisture or the water content of the dry mixture 20 consisting of cement and additives filled into the collecting funnel 22 is arranged in a collecting container 22 of the belt conveyor 18.
  • an actuator 26 is controlled, which adjusts a valve 32 connected to a water connection 28 via a water line 30. Water is supplied to the dry mixture 20 via the valve 32. The amount of water supplied is metered as a function of the moisture in the dry mixture 20 measured by the moisture sensor 24, so that the moistened mixture or the concrete mass 20 ′ each has a constant water content.
  • the assignment between the measured moisture and the quantity of water supplied is dimensioned such that the water content of the concrete mass 20 'is, for example, 5 or 6%.
  • the pre-moistened concrete mass 20 ′ is conveyed from the spraying machine 14 through the delivery hose 12, 12 ′ to the spray nozzle 10 by means of compressed air supplied via a connection 34.
  • the spray nozzle 10 is connected to the water connection 28 via a metering pump 35, an adjustable water valve 36 and a hose line 38.
  • the metering pump 35 sucks a liquid quick binder from a container 46 via a suction line 44 and mixes it into the water in a metered amount.
  • the water supplied to the spray nozzle and containing the quick binder is added to the concrete mass 20 'during spraying.
  • the amount of water set on the water valve 36 is kept constant.
  • the sprayed concrete mass has an at least approximately constant water content.
  • the level of this water content is adjustable on the water valve 36. It is no longer necessary for the nozzle guide to influence the amount of water to be supplied.
  • a branch 40 is arranged at a pipe intermediate piece 41 inserted in the conveying hose 12, 12 'away from the spray nozzle 10.
  • This branch has a pipe section, which is preferably directed backwards at an angle of approximately 45 ° with respect to the conveying direction and the passage of which can be throttled by an adjusting valve 42.
  • An adjustable amount of the compressed air serving as a conveying means for the concrete mass 20 ′ can be discharged into the atmosphere via the branch 40.
  • the branched pipe section 40 is therefore directed towards the rear in order to prevent concrete mass from escaping as a result. Due to the kinetic energy imposed on it, the concrete mass 20 continues to flow through the delivery line 12, where, however, it is braked due to a lack of drive by the compressed air and friction on the hose walls.
  • the delivery hose in the area between the branch 40 and the spray nozzle 10 can be referred to as a braking section.
  • the concrete mass emerging from the spray nozzle 10 has a lower kinetic energy, so that no significant portion rebounds from the base 48 onto which the concrete mass is sprayed. This significantly reduces the previously unavoidable losses due to the rebound of concrete mass.
  • the pre-moistening of the dry mixture on the belt conveyor 18 enables continuous and uniform moistening, so that the concrete mass 20 'is well wetted.
  • the pre-moistening to a water content of about 5 or 6% is still so low that the conveying of this concrete mass 20 'on the conveying path between the spraying machine 14 and the spray nozzle 10 is not unnecessarily complicated.
  • the pre-moistened concrete mass then ensures that the amount of residual water added to the spray nozzle 10 is well absorbed by the mass, since it is already sufficiently wetted.
  • the quick binder added to the remaining water volume causes the concrete compound sprayed onto the base to set quickly.
  • the distance of the branch 40 from the spray nozzle can be 10 l to 3 m.
  • a screw conveyor can also be used.
  • the pre-moistening of the shotcrete to a constant humidity has the further advantage in connection with the use of a liquid quick binder that it can be added to the shotcrete together with the residual water in a constant, optimally effective amount.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)

Abstract

To reduce the impact velocity of the concrete mass upon a surface, such as a wall, a branch line is arranged at the concrete conveying hose and at a point removed from the spraying nozzle. The branch line is intended to carry compressed air and opens into the surroundings. This branch line has a valve for regulating the quantity of compressed air which is to be withdrawn. By means of the branch or withdrawal line there is appreciably reduced the rebound of the concrete mass at the wall. The concrete mixture is initially pre-moistened to a constant moisture content before it arrives along the spraying or injection path and at the spraying or injection nozzle there is added thereto a constant residual water quantity. This method affords a continuously constant water content and renders possible reduced pressure of the conveying air since the concrete mixture is only pre-moistened at the conveying path.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Spritzen von Beton gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for spraying concrete according to the preamble of claim 1 and an apparatus for performing the method.

Ein solches Verfahren dient zum Auftragen von Beton auf eine Unterlage, wie eine Wand oder ein Gewölbe, beispielsweise in Stollen, bei Tunnelbauten und im Bergbau. Die als Fördermedium dienende Druckluft muss eine ausreichenden Druck aufweisen, um die Betonmasse durch eine Förderstrecke von einer Spritzmaschine bis zur Spritzdüse zu fördern. Wird der Betonmasse bereits vor dieser Förderstrecke eine ausreichende Wassermenge hinzugefügt, dann ist das Volumengewicht der Betonmasse grösser als dasjenige einer trockenen Betonmasse und zudem erhöht sich der Reibungswiderstand in der Förderstrecke infolge der Klebrigkeit der Masse, so dass die Druckluft einen so hohen Druck aufweisen muss, dass Verstopfungen des als Förderstrecke dienenden Förderschlauches mit Sicherheit vermieden werden.Such a method is used to apply concrete to a base, such as a wall or vault, for example in tunnels, in tunnel construction and in mining. The compressed air serving as the conveying medium must have sufficient pressure to convey the concrete mass through a conveying path from a spraying machine to the spray nozzle. If a sufficient amount of water is added to the concrete mass before this conveying section, then the volume weight of the concrete mass is greater than that of a dry concrete mass and the frictional resistance in the conveying section increases due to the stickiness of the mass, so that the compressed air must have such a high pressure. that blockages of the conveyor hose serving as the conveying section are avoided with certainty.

Der hohe Druck der Förderluft hat jedoch zur Folge, dass die aus der Spritzdüse gegen die Unterlage geschleuderte Betonmasse mit so grosser Wucht gegen die Unterlage prallt, dass dabei ein erheblicher Anteil der aufgespritzten Betonmasse von der Unterlage zurückprallt und als unbrauchbar und störender Abfall zu Boden fällt. Die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Spritzverfahrens wird durch den Verlust eines Teiles der Betonmasse erheblich beeinträchtigt, da deren Anteil an der gesamten zu spritzenden Betonmasse recht hoch sein kann.However, the high pressure of the conveying air means that the concrete mass thrown out of the spray nozzle against the base hits the base with such force that a considerable proportion of the sprayed-on concrete mass bounces off the base and falls to the ground as unusable and disruptive waste . The economy of the spraying process is considerably impaired by the loss of part of the concrete mass, since its proportion in the total concrete mass to be sprayed can be quite high.

Wird die Betonmasse hingegen bis zur Spritzdüse in nahezu trockenem Zustand gefördert und die erforderliche Wassermenge erst an der Düse hinzugefügt, dann genügt zwar ein geringerer Druck der Förderluft, die Einwirkungszeit des Wassers auf die Betonmasse ist dabei jedoch zu kurz, so dass die Haftung der Betonmasse auf der Unterlage infolge ungenügender Klebrigkeit erschwert ist. Ausserdem entwickelt sich dabei Staub, welcher die Sicht erheblich behindern kann.If, on the other hand, the concrete mass is conveyed to the spray nozzle in an almost dry state and the required amount of water is only added at the nozzle, then a lower pressure of the conveying air is sufficient, but the exposure time of the water to the concrete mass is too short, so that the concrete mass adheres on the pad is difficult due to insufficient stickiness. In addition, dust develops, which can significantly obstruct the view.

Um eine solche unerwünschte Staubentwicklung zu verhindern, wird im in der DE-C-2 556 797 gezeigten Verfahren bzw. in der Vorrichtung zum Spritzen eines pulverförmigen Trockengemisches mittels Druckluftförderung das Trockengemisch zuerst auf einen bestimmten Feuchtegehalt vorbefeuchtet und dem vorbefeuchteten Gemisch wird dann unmittelbar vor der Spritzdüse die endgültig nötige Wassermenge hinzugefügt. Allerdings wird auch in diesem Fall der Rückprall der Masse von der Unterlage durch die zusammen mit der Masse aus der Spritzdüse austretenden Druckluft unterstützt, indem die Masse von der Unterlage wieder weggeblasen wird. Es ist deshalb aus der DE-U-1 766 089 bekannt, einen Teil der Druckluft vor dem Austrittsende der Förderleitung von der Betonmasse zu trennen und abzuzweigen. Durch die beschriebenen Massnahmen wird zwar die Menge der zusammen mit der Betonmasse aus der Förderleitung austretenden Druckluft reduziert, jedoch bleibt das Problem weiterhin bestehen, dass bei bereits befeuchteter Betonmasse ein erheblich grösserer Druck der Förderluft erforderlich ist, als bei einer Förderung eines trockenen Betongemisches.In order to prevent such undesirable dust formation, in the method shown in DE-C-2 556 797 or in the device for spraying a powdery dry mixture by means of compressed air delivery, the dry mixture is first pre-moistened to a certain moisture content and the pre-moistened mixture is then immediately before Spray nozzle the final amount of water added. However, the rebound of the mass from the base is also supported in this case by the compressed air emerging from the spray nozzle together with the mass by blowing the mass away from the base again. It is therefore known from DE-U-1 766 089 to separate and branch off a portion of the compressed air from the concrete mass before the outlet end of the delivery line. Although the measures described reduce the amount of compressed air emerging from the delivery line together with the concrete mass, the problem still remains that a considerably higher pressure of the conveying air is required when the concrete mass is already moistened than when conveying a dry concrete mixture.

Trotz Verwendung der vorstehend erwähnten Entlüftungseinrichtung wird die Betonmasse mit der vollen kinetischen Energie auf die Unterlage geschleudert, was die bereits erwähnten Nachteile zur Folge hat. Ferner ist diese bekannte Entlüftungseinrichtung kaum dazu geeignet, an einem in der Hand zu haltenden Förderschlauch angeordnet zu werden, da sie einen unhandlichen Pufferbehälter aufweist. Wegen der Verwendung eines druckgesteuerten Ventils bei dieser bekannten Einrichtung ist deren Zuverlässigkeit auch in Frage gestellt, da die Verstopfung der beweglichen Teile dieses Ventils nicht auszuschliessen ist.Despite the use of the above-mentioned venting device, the concrete mass is thrown onto the base with the full kinetic energy, which results in the disadvantages already mentioned. Furthermore, this known venting device is hardly suitable for being arranged on a delivery hose to be held in the hand, since it has an unwieldy buffer container. Because of the use of a pressure-controlled valve in this known device, its reliability is also questioned, since the blockage of the moving parts of this valve cannot be ruled out.

Die in der DE-C-442292 beschriebene, mit Druckluft arbeitende Betonspritzvorrichtung arbeitet auch nach einem ähnlichen Prinzip, indem zwecks Drosselung der Austrittsgeschwindigkeit mindestens ein Teil der Druckluft an einer in der Förderleitung a in Abstand vor einer Spritzdüse e angeordneten Verzweigung c abgeleitet wird, wobei der Beton nach der Luftabzweigung mit gehemmter Geschwindigkeit weiterbewegt wird. Allerdings bleibt auch da das Problem des Transportes der feuchten Masse ungelöst.The concrete spraying device working with compressed air described in DE-C-442292 also works according to a similar principle in that, for the purpose of throttling the outlet speed, at least some of the compressed air is discharged at a branching c arranged in the delivery line a at a distance in front of a spray nozzle e, whereby the concrete is moved at an inhibited speed after the air diversion. However, the problem of transporting the moist mass remains unsolved.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Spritzen von Beton anzugeben, bei welchem der Rückprall von Betonmasse von der Unterlage auf ein Minimum beschränkt ist.The invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method for spraying concrete in which the rebound of concrete mass from the base is limited to a minimum.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruches 1 genannten Merkmale gelöst.The object is achieved according to the invention by the features mentioned in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Der Vorteil des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens liegt insbesondere in der Aufteilung der Befeuchtung in eine vor dem Förderschlauch stattfindende Vorbefeuchtung und eine an der Spritzdüse stattfindende Vollbefeuchtung. Durch die Vorbefeuchtung ist das Betongemisch bereits gleichmässig benetzt, bevor es in den Förderschlauch gelangt, so dass die an der Spritzdüse hinzugefügte Wassermenge vom Betongemisch erheblich rascher aufgenommen wird, als wenn das Betongemisch an dieser Stelle noch trocken wäre. Andererseits kann die Vorbefeuchtung jedoch so gering gehalten werden, dass die durch die Spritzleitung erfolgende Beförderung nicht in dem Mass beeinträchtigt wird, wie das bei einem voll befeuchteten Betongemisch der Fall wäre. Ausserdem bewirkt die erfindungsgemässe Vorbefeuchtung ausserhalb des Förderschlauches eine gleichmässigere Durchfeuchtung und gleichmässigere Förderung der Betonmasse, was an der Spritzdüse in einer homogeneren Spritzmasse resultiert. Durch das geringere Gewicht des nur vorbefeuchteten Betongemisches und den geringeren Reibungswiderstand gegenüber einem voll befeuchteten Betongemisch genügt ein geringerer Druck der Förderluft, so dass dadurch auch die kinetische Energie des aus der Spritzdüse austretenden Betongemisches weniger hoch ist. Wenn zudem noch ein Teil der Druckluft auf dem Weg zur Spritzdüse abgezweigt wird, lässt sich der Rückprall der Betonmasse von der Unterlage, auf welche sie aufgespritzt wird, tatsächlich auf ein Minimum reduzieren.The advantage of the method according to the invention lies in particular in the division of the moistening into a pre-moistening taking place in front of the conveying hose and a full moistening taking place at the spray nozzle. Due to the pre-moistening, the concrete mixture is wetted evenly before it reaches the delivery hose, so that the amount of water added to the spray nozzle is absorbed by the concrete mixture considerably faster than if the concrete mixture were still dry at this point. On the other hand, however, the pre-moistening can be kept so low that the transport through the spray line is not impaired to the extent that would be the case with a fully moistened concrete mixture. In addition, the pre-moistening according to the invention brings about a more uniform moistening and more even conveying of the concrete mass outside the conveying hose, which results in a more homogeneous spray compound at the spray nozzle. Due to the lower weight of the only pre-moistened concrete mixture and the lower frictional resistance compared to a fully moistened concrete mixture, a lower pressure of the conveying air is sufficient, so that the kinetic energy of the concrete mixture emerging from the spray nozzle is also less high. If a portion of the compressed air is also diverted on the way to the spray nozzle, the rebound of the concrete mass from the surface onto which it is sprayed can actually be reduced to a minimum.

Durch die Vorbefeuchtung auf einen konstanten Feuchtegehalt braucht die an der Spritzdüse hinzugefügte Wassermenge nur einmal auf ein Optimum eingestellt zu werden, um eine konstante Befeuchtung der zu verarbeitenden Betonmasse zu erhalten.By pre-moistening to a constant moisture content, the amount of water added to the spray nozzle only needs to be set once to an optimum in order to maintain a constant moistening of the concrete mass to be processed.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 sind in den Ansprüchen 2 bis 7 anfgeführt. In den Ansprüchen 8 bis 10 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens aufgezeigt.Advantageous developments of the method according to claim 1 are set out in claims 2 to 7. In the claims 8 to 10, an apparatus for performing this method is shown.

Anhand der Zeichnung wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Erfindungsgegenstandes näher erläutert. Die einzige Figur zeigt eine Anlage zum Spritzen von Beton. In der Figur ist eine Spritzdüse 10 über einen Förderschlauch 12, 12' mit einer Spritzmaschine 14 verbunden. Die Spritzmaschine 14 weist einen Auffangbehälter 16 auf, in welchen über einen Bandförderer 18 Betonmasse 20' gefördert wird. In einem Auffangbehälter 22 des Bandförderer 18 ist ein Feuchtefühler 24 zum Messen der Feuchte bzw. des Wassergehaltes des in den Auffangtrichter 22 eingefüllten, aus Zement und Zuschlagstoffen bestehenden Trockengemisches 20 angeordnet.An exemplary embodiment of the subject matter of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. The only figure shows a system for spraying concrete. In the figure, a spray nozzle 10 is connected to a spraying machine 14 via a delivery hose 12, 12 '. The spraying machine 14 has a collecting container 16, in which concrete mass 20 'is conveyed via a belt conveyor 18. A moisture sensor 24 for measuring the moisture or the water content of the dry mixture 20 consisting of cement and additives filled into the collecting funnel 22 is arranged in a collecting container 22 of the belt conveyor 18.

Aufgrund der vom Feuchtefühler 24 gemessenen Feuchte des Trockengemisches 20 wird ein Stellglied 26 gesteuert, welches ein mit einem Wasseranschluss 28 über eine Wasserleitung 30 verbundenes Ventil 32 verstellt. Ueber das Ventil 32 wird dem Trockengemisch 20 Wasser zugeführt. Die Dosierung der zugeführten Wassermenge erfolgt in Abhängigkeit von der vom Feuchtefühler 24 gemessenen Feuchte des Trockengemisches 20, so dass das befeuchtete Gemisch bzw. die Betonmasse 20' jeweils einen konstanten Wassergehalt aufweist. Die Zuordnung zwischen gemessener Feuchte und zugeführter Wassermenge wird so bemessen, dass der Wassergehalt der Betonmasse 20' beispielsweise 5 oder 6 % beträgt.On the basis of the moisture of the dry mixture 20 measured by the moisture sensor 24, an actuator 26 is controlled, which adjusts a valve 32 connected to a water connection 28 via a water line 30. Water is supplied to the dry mixture 20 via the valve 32. The amount of water supplied is metered as a function of the moisture in the dry mixture 20 measured by the moisture sensor 24, so that the moistened mixture or the concrete mass 20 ′ each has a constant water content. The assignment between the measured moisture and the quantity of water supplied is dimensioned such that the water content of the concrete mass 20 'is, for example, 5 or 6%.

Von der Spritzmaschine 14 wird die vorbefeuchtete Betonmasse 20' mittels über einen Anschluss 34 zugeführter Druckluft durch den Förderschlauch 12, 12' zur Spritzdüse 10 befördert. Die Spritzdüse 10 ist mit dem Wasseranschluss 28 über eine Dosierpumpe 35, ein einstellbares Wasserventil 36 und eine Schlauchleitung 38 verbunden. Die Dosierpumpe 35 saugt über eine Ansaugleitung 44 einen flüssigen Schnellbinder aus einem Behälter 46 an und mischt ihn dem Wasser in einer dosierten Menge bei. Das der Spritzdüse zugeführte, den Schnellbinder enthaltende Wasser wird der Betonmasse 20' während des Spritzens hinzugefügt. Die am Wasserventil 36 eingestellte Wassermenge wird konstantgehalten Da die Betonmasse 20' bereits auf einen konstanten Wert vorbefeuchtet ist und auch die durch die Spritzdüse geförderte Fördermenge mindestens annähernd konstant ist, weist die gespritzte Betonmasse einen mindestens annähernd konstanten Wassergehalt auf. Die Höhe dieses Wassergehaltes ist am Wasserventil 36 einstellbar. Eine Beeinflussung der zuzuführenden Wassermenge durch den Düsenführer ist nicht mehr erforderlich.The pre-moistened concrete mass 20 ′ is conveyed from the spraying machine 14 through the delivery hose 12, 12 ′ to the spray nozzle 10 by means of compressed air supplied via a connection 34. The spray nozzle 10 is connected to the water connection 28 via a metering pump 35, an adjustable water valve 36 and a hose line 38. The metering pump 35 sucks a liquid quick binder from a container 46 via a suction line 44 and mixes it into the water in a metered amount. The water supplied to the spray nozzle and containing the quick binder is added to the concrete mass 20 'during spraying. The amount of water set on the water valve 36 is kept constant. Since the concrete mass 20 'has already been pre-moistened to a constant value and the delivery quantity conveyed by the spray nozzle is at least approximately constant, the sprayed concrete mass has an at least approximately constant water content. The level of this water content is adjustable on the water valve 36. It is no longer necessary for the nozzle guide to influence the amount of water to be supplied.

Von der Spritzdüse 10 entfernt ist an einem im Förderschlauch 12, 12' eingesetzten Rohrzwischenstück 41 eine Abzweigung 40 angeordnet. Diese Abzweigung weist ein Rohrstück auf, welches vorzugsweise in einem Winkel von etwa 45° in Bezug auf die Förderrichtung nach hinten gerichtet ist und dessen Durchlass durch ein Einstellventil 42 drosselbar ist. Ueber die Abzweigung 40 kann eine einstellbare Menge der als Fördermittel für die Betonmasse 20' dienenden Druckluft in die Atmosphäre abgelassen werden. Das abgezweigte Rohrstück 40 ist deshalb nach hinten gerichtet, um zu vermeiden, dass dadurch Betonmasse austreten kann. Die Betonmasse 20 fliesst durch die ihr aufgezwungene kinetische Energie weiter durch die Förderleitung 12, wo sie jedoch infolge mangelnden Antriebs durch die Druckluft und Reibung an den Schlauchwänden abgebremst wird. Demzufolge kann der Förderschlauch im Bereich zwischen der Abzweigung 40 und der Spritzdüse 10 als Bremsstrecke bezeichnet werden. Durch die Abbremsung weist die aus der Spritzdüse 10 austretende Betonmasse eine geringere kinetische Energie auf, so dass von der Unterlage 48, auf welche die Betonmasse aufgespritzt wird, kein nennenswerter Anteil mehr zurückprallt. Dadurch werden die bisher unvermeidlichen Verluste durch Rückprall von Betonmasse wesentlich vermindert.A branch 40 is arranged at a pipe intermediate piece 41 inserted in the conveying hose 12, 12 'away from the spray nozzle 10. This branch has a pipe section, which is preferably directed backwards at an angle of approximately 45 ° with respect to the conveying direction and the passage of which can be throttled by an adjusting valve 42. An adjustable amount of the compressed air serving as a conveying means for the concrete mass 20 ′ can be discharged into the atmosphere via the branch 40. The branched pipe section 40 is therefore directed towards the rear in order to prevent concrete mass from escaping as a result. Due to the kinetic energy imposed on it, the concrete mass 20 continues to flow through the delivery line 12, where, however, it is braked due to a lack of drive by the compressed air and friction on the hose walls. Accordingly, the delivery hose in the area between the branch 40 and the spray nozzle 10 can be referred to as a braking section. As a result of the braking, the concrete mass emerging from the spray nozzle 10 has a lower kinetic energy, so that no significant portion rebounds from the base 48 onto which the concrete mass is sprayed. This significantly reduces the previously unavoidable losses due to the rebound of concrete mass.

Die auf dem Bandförderer 18 erfolgende Vorbefeuchtung des Trockengemisches ermöglicht eine kontinuierliche und gleichmässige Befeuchtung, so dass die Betonmasse 20' gut benetzt ist. Die Vorbefeuchtung auf einen Wassergehalt von etwa 5 oder 6 % ist andererseits jedoch noch so gering, dass die Förderung dieser Betonmasse 20' auf der Förderstrecke zwischen der Spritzmaschine 14 und der Spritzdüse 10 nicht unnötig erschwert wird. Durch die vorbefeuchtete Betonmasse ist sodann gewährleistet, dass die an der Spritzdüse 10 hinzugefügte Restwassermenge von der Masse gut aufgenommen wird, da diese bereits ausreichend benetzt ist. Durch die derart aufgeteilte Wasserzuführung werden gleich zwei Vorteile erzielt, nämlich erstens, dass der benötigte Druck der Förderluft geringer sein kann, als wenn eine voll befeuchtete Betonmasse zu fördern wäre und zweitens, dass die weitere Befeuchtung an die Spritzdüse nicht die gleichen Nachteile aufweist, wie die Befeuchtung eines bis zu dieser Stelle trockenen Gemisches, welches dans bis zum Auftreffen auf die Unterlage nicht genügend benetzt wäre und daher schwerer auf der Unterlage haften würde.The pre-moistening of the dry mixture on the belt conveyor 18 enables continuous and uniform moistening, so that the concrete mass 20 'is well wetted. On the other hand, the pre-moistening to a water content of about 5 or 6% is still so low that the conveying of this concrete mass 20 'on the conveying path between the spraying machine 14 and the spray nozzle 10 is not unnecessarily complicated. The pre-moistened concrete mass then ensures that the amount of residual water added to the spray nozzle 10 is well absorbed by the mass, since it is already sufficiently wetted. With the water supply divided in this way, two advantages are achieved: firstly, that the required pressure of the conveying air can be lower than if a fully moistened concrete mass would have to be conveyed, and secondly, that further moistening to the spray nozzle does not have the same disadvantages as the Moisten a mixture that is dry up to this point, which would not be sufficiently wetted until it hit the surface and would therefore adhere more heavily to the surface.

Der der Restwassermenge beigegeben Schnellbinder bewirkt ein schnelles Abbinden der auf die Unterlage aufgespritzten Betonmasse.The quick binder added to the remaining water volume causes the concrete compound sprayed onto the base to set quickly.

Die vorerwähnten Massnahmen dienen dazu, den Verlust von Betonmasse durch Rückprall von der Unterlage zu reduzieren. Infolge der dadurch grösseren Wirtschaftlichkeit des genannten Verfahrens können dem Gemisch 20' vor dem Einfüllen in den Auffangbehälter 16 der Spritzmaschine 14 faserartige Metallteilchen hinzugefügt werden, welche die Qualität des Betons verbessern.The aforementioned measures serve to reduce the loss of concrete mass due to rebound from the base. As a result of the greater economic efficiency of the method mentioned, fiber-like metal particles which improve the quality of the concrete can be added to the mixture 20 'before it is filled into the collecting container 16 of the spraying machine 14.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann der Abstand der Abzweigung 40 von der Spritzdüse 10 I bis 3 m betragen.In a preferred embodiment, the distance of the branch 40 from the spray nozzle can be 10 l to 3 m.

Anstatt die Feuchte des Trockengemisches zu messen, ist es auch möglich, die Feuchte der bereits vorbefeuchteten Betonmasse im Auffangbehälter 16 der Spritzmaschine 14 zu messen und die Befeuchtung auf dem Bandförderer 18 zu regeln anstatt zu steuern.Instead of measuring the moisture of the dry mixture, it is also possible to measure the moisture of the already pre-moistened concrete mass in the collecting container 16 of the spraying machine 14 and to regulate the moistening on the belt conveyor 18 instead of controlling it.

Anstelle des Bandförderes 18 kann auch ein Schneckenförderer eingesetzt werden.Instead of the belt conveyor 18, a screw conveyor can also be used.

Die Vorbefeuchtung des Spritzbetons auf eine konstante Feuchtigkeit hat im Zusammenhang mit der Verwendung eines flüssigen Schnellbinders den weiteren Vorteil, dass dieser in einer konstanten, optimal wirksamen Menge dem Spritzbeton zusammen mit dem Restwasser zugefügt werden kann.The pre-moistening of the shotcrete to a constant humidity has the further advantage in connection with the use of a liquid quick binder that it can be added to the shotcrete together with the residual water in a constant, optimally effective amount.

Claims (10)

1. A method of spraying concrete by means of compressed air by adding water to a dry mixture (20) composed of cement and additives and withdrawing at least part of the compressed air through a branch-off location (40) arranged along a conveying hose (12, 12') and spaced from a spray nozzle (10), caracterised in pre-moistening the dry mixture (20) on the way to the spraying machine (14) and outside of the conveying hose (12) to an at least approximately constant moisture content before withrawing the compressed air, the pre-moistened mixture (20') undergoing a braking in the conveying path (12') located between the branch-off location (40) and the spray nozzle (10) and adding to the premoistened mixture (20'), directly at the region of the spray nozzle (10), a constant quantity of water.
2. The method as defined in claim 1, caracterised in premoistening the mixture (20) on the way to the spraying machine (14) during the transport upon a continuously conveying-conveyor element (18).
3. The method as defined in claim 2, caracterised in measuring the moisture content of the dry mixture in a first receiving container (22) arranged in front of the conveyor element (18) ; and controlling an adjustment element (26, 32) which influences the quantity of water used for pre- moistening based upon the measurement result.
4. The method as defined in claim 2, caracterised in measuring the moisture content of the pre- moistened mixture in a second receiving container (16) operatively associated with the beton spraying machine (14) ; and controlling and adjustment element (26, 32) influencing the quantity of water used for the pre-moistening operation based upon the measurement result.
5. The method as defined in claim 1, caracterised in pre-moistening the mixture to a moisture content of about six percent.
6. The method as defined in claim 1, caracterised in that the withdrawn quantity of compressed air is adjustable.
7. The method as defined in claim 1, caracterised in adding a high-speed binder to the water which is infed to the spray nozzle (10).
8. An device for carrying out the method of claim 1 with a conveying means (18) for conveying the concrete mixture (20, 20') to a concrete spraying machine (14) connected with a conveying hose (12, 12') with a spraying nozzle (10) ; with a branch-off location (40) for compressed air, arranged in the conveying hose (12, 12') and leading into the surroundings, said device comprising an moisture feeler (24) for measuring the water content of the concrete mixture (20 or 20') arranged along the conveying path of the concrete mixture to the concrete spraying machine (14) and connected with a dosing device (26, 32) having a first water conduit for infeeding an amount of water necessary for maintaining a constant moisture content for the pre-moistening and a second water conduit (38) connected to the spray nozzle (10).
9. The device of claim 8 wherein the branch-off location (40) is incorporated spaced from spraying nozzle in an conveying hose (12, 12') and the branch-off location (40) has an adjustable opening.
10. The device of claim 9, wherein the branch-off location (40) which is incorporated into the conveying hose (12, 12') includes a tubular intermediate section (41) which is connected with a tube section (40) extending rearwardly inclined in relation to the conveying direction and having a throttle element.
EP79103338A 1978-09-22 1979-09-07 Method and device for spraying concrete Expired EP0009660B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79103338T ATE931T1 (en) 1978-09-22 1979-09-07 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SPRAYING CONCRETE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH9927/78 1978-09-22
CH992778A CH632646A5 (en) 1978-09-22 1978-09-22 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SPRAYING CONCRETE.

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EP0009660A1 EP0009660A1 (en) 1980-04-16
EP0009660B1 EP0009660B1 (en) 1982-04-28
EP0009660B2 true EP0009660B2 (en) 1986-05-07

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US (1) US4275836A (en)
EP (1) EP0009660B2 (en)
JP (1) JPS5544395A (en)
AT (1) ATE931T1 (en)
BR (1) BR7906045A (en)
CH (1) CH632646A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2962635D1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA795004B (en)

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US4275836A (en) 1981-06-30
ATE931T1 (en) 1982-05-15
EP0009660B1 (en) 1982-04-28
JPS5544395A (en) 1980-03-28
ZA795004B (en) 1980-09-24
DE2962635D1 (en) 1982-06-09
BR7906045A (en) 1980-05-27
CH632646A5 (en) 1982-10-29
JPS6351740B2 (en) 1988-10-14
EP0009660A1 (en) 1980-04-16

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