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EP0223922B2 - Procédé de fabrication de feuilles de papier imprégnées avec des résines artificielles sous forme de solutions et dispersions - Google Patents
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EP0223922B2 - Procédé de fabrication de feuilles de papier imprégnées avec des résines artificielles sous forme de solutions et dispersions - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de feuilles de papier imprégnées avec des résines artificielles sous forme de solutions et dispersions Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0223922B2
EP0223922B2 EP86110511A EP86110511A EP0223922B2 EP 0223922 B2 EP0223922 B2 EP 0223922B2 EP 86110511 A EP86110511 A EP 86110511A EP 86110511 A EP86110511 A EP 86110511A EP 0223922 B2 EP0223922 B2 EP 0223922B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
paper
dispersion
process according
paper web
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86110511A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0223922A1 (fr
EP0223922B1 (fr
Inventor
Bernd Dr. Ing. Reinhardt
Helmut Ing. Grad. Dottermusch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kammerer GmbH
Original Assignee
Kammerer GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6286484&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0223922(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Kammerer GmbH filed Critical Kammerer GmbH
Priority to AT86110511T priority Critical patent/ATE59416T1/de
Publication of EP0223922A1 publication Critical patent/EP0223922A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0223922B1 publication Critical patent/EP0223922B1/fr
Publication of EP0223922B2 publication Critical patent/EP0223922B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H17/41—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups
    • D21H17/42—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups anionic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of paper webs impregnated with course resins in the form of solutions and dispersions.
  • PVC films are e.g. B. glued on chipboard and then are made of this composite material in accordance with furniture principles furniture parts or housing in one operation, d. H. that one cuts into the chipboard V-shaped grooves and then folds or bends the plates in these grooves and so produces housing, furniture part or the like in one operation.
  • a disadvantage of this process is that the PVC film must be subjected to a corresponding surface treatment, for example a corona treatment, before it can be used directly and in order to achieve good printability.
  • the chipboard must have a very clean and smooth surface so that economically justifiable results can be achieved (application of thin foils).
  • the PVC film has a very unfavorable dimensional stability (expansion / shrinkage behavior) when there are temperature changes, has low tear resistance, has low light stability and has high electrostatic chargeability and softening at 75 to 85 ° C .
  • the PVC film has a very unfavorable dimensional stability (expansion / shrinkage behavior) when there are temperature changes, has low tear resistance, has low light stability and has high electrostatic chargeability and softening at 75 to 85 ° C .
  • DE-OS 2 034 263 discloses a modified anionic paper sizing agent for surface sizing with good flowability even at concentrations> 20%, which contains a mixture of polymer latices and copolymer salts containing succinimide units.
  • the copolymer latices serve as diluents for those composed of imide groups anionic sizing agent based on solutions.
  • DE-OS 30 24 394 describes a method for producing a plastic tournament in a paper machine, in which the paper web in the dryer section is provided with an impregnation which is carried out in the size press.
  • the impregnation of the paper web with the impregnation liquid which is not described in more detail, in the However, the press is only complete when the paper web is already pre-impregnated, so that additional facilities are also required here.
  • a plastic veneer is known, which is produced by resin impregnation of a paper fiber mass with paper fibers with a freeness of more than 25 ° SR, the fiber mass containing approximately the same proportion by weight of long fibers as of short fibers.
  • a mixture of a urea-formaldehyde resin and a self-crosslinking acrylic resin dispersion is proposed for the impregnation.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a paper impregnation process with which a sheet-like, synthetic resin-containing sheet-like material is obtained which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above and has good flexibility and layer strength.
  • the web-shaped material should have water resistance and resistance to solvents and good dimensional stability under the influence of moisture and temperature changes and should be able to be produced economically from economical raw materials, if possible without additional process steps, with the exception of the production of the smoothed paper web itself.
  • This object is achieved by a process for producing paper webs impregnated with synthetic resins from a cellulose fiber mixture of high absorbency and strength from eucalyptus cellulose and pine wood sulphate cellulose in a ratio of 50:50 to 10:90, preferably 30:70 to 15:85, to the a grinding degree of at most 35 ° SR is ground or subjected to a cutting grinding up to a grinding degree of 15 to 25 ° SR, optionally formed in combination with synthetic fiber materials, an impregnating liquid comprising a mixture of aqueous, anionic copolymer dispersions being applied to the paper web obtained the basis of acrylic acid, acrylic acid esters, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate and / or styrene with an average particle size of less than 0.2 microns of low to medium film hardness and a minimum film formation temperature of below 30 ° C and conventional aqueous, anionic solutions of copolymers based on maleic anhydride or maleic acid with st
  • the fillers are to be understood as white pigments, e.g. B. TiO 2 , chalk, kaolin.
  • Formaldehyde-free wet strength agent in an amount of 1 to 5% by weight, based on the dry fibrous material, in the form of, for example, polyamideamine-epichlorohydrin resin and the addition of a synthetic resin dispersion, for example based on acrylic acid ester, has proven particularly advantageous in the sense of the invention or styrene-butadiene in an amount of 1 to 20%, based on dry fiber, and a small addition of surfactants for better wettability of the paper in an amount of ⁇ 0.5% based on dry fiber.
  • plastics for. B. styrene-butadiene copolymers, polyurethane or polyolefin dispersions and impregnating resin solutions based on urea or melamine-formaldehyde resins in portions of the impregnating substance.
  • the brittle character of the impregnated paper can be reduced by using the mixture according to the invention with a portion of impregnating resin solution.
  • auxiliaries such as wetting agents, viscosity regulators, non-stick and penetration aids, pigments, dyes and defoamers can also be added to these impregnation substance mixtures.
  • Substances are used as wetting and penetration agents, which change the interfacial tension between liquid phase and solid phase, e.g. B. surfactants and emulsifiers.
  • the penetration of the impregnation liquid can be advantageously influenced by a combination of aqueous, anionic solutions of copolymers based on maleic anhydride or maleic acid with styrene, acrylic acid and acrylic acid esters and these substances which change the interfacial tension.
  • the most complete impregnation and impregnation of the base paper is therefore only possible according to the invention if, in addition to the selection of a suitable application or impregnation device, the properties of the paper, such as, for. B. grinding condition and degree of grinding, absorbency of the fibrous materials, porosity and surface roughness on the properties of the impregnation or. the coating mixture, d. H. whose surface tension, viscosity, charge status and solids content are coordinated.
  • this impregnating substance is in the form of a mixture of aqueous, anionic copolymer dispersions based on acrylic acid, acrylic acid esters, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate and / or styrene and aqueous, anionic solutions of copolymers based on maleic anhydride or maleic acid with styrene, acrylic acid and acrylic acid esters with a Solids content of 5 to 60% used, the viscosity between 10 and 60 s (according to DIN cup, 4 mm).
  • This impregnation and coating mixture is applied to the nonwoven within the paper machine in a roller application device (size press).
  • a roller application device size press
  • the nonwoven fabric with a dry matter content of 98 to 92% is fed through a size press and the mutual impregnation is carried out.
  • a further one-sided or double-sided surface covering ie. H. Coating, the nonwoven within the paper machine with the same or a similarly constructed copolymer mixture are carried out, with an intermediate drying should take place between the two individual process stages.
  • a subsequently applied coating on one side of the dried web results in a denser surface which is easier to print or coat or laminate. If only a further one-sided surface coating is carried out, this can be carried out by means of a doctor application device. One-sided rolling of the coated paper web can be avoided by an additional application on the back.
  • Such an application can be, for example, a strongly aqueous solution of starch or CMC.
  • An additional smoothing of the impregnated and coated on one side z. B. with known machine smoothing equipment or in a separate operation in a calender increases the desired printability and paintability of the coated side.
  • This fibrous film produced in this way of different thickness and different bulk density, depending on the pressure used in the manufacture of nonwovens and smoothing of the impregnated and coated web, is particularly suitable in a firm bond with a relatively rigid and rigid base, e.g. B. chipboard, as a decorative and protective covering of furniture parts such. B. television and radio housings or hi-fi towers (housing casing).
  • a relatively rigid and rigid base e.g. B. chipboard
  • the fiber-containing film produced according to the invention of high flexibility, dimensional stability in the event of a change in temperature and with good barrier properties against water and solvent is also excellently suitable for other purposes such as, for. B. as the base material of high quality sanding paper for wet sanding, printing and advertising media, decorative wall material (e.g. flame retardant pigmented or unpigmented dimensionally stable wallpaper), adhesive tapes, backing paper z. B. for floor coverings.
  • decorative wall material e.g. flame retardant pigmented or unpigmented dimensionally stable wallpaper
  • adhesive tapes e.g. flame retardant pigmented or unpigmented dimensionally stable wallpaper
  • This base paper with a mass per unit area of 90 g / m 2 was impregnated on both sides with the synthetic resin mixture of dispersion and solution in a ratio of 20: 1 in a size press.
  • the surprisingly strong impregnation effect with this synthetic resin mixture according to the invention, particularly characterized by the layer strength and rigidity, taking into account the water absorption which arises, is probably due to a synergistic effect of the dispersion and solution used, which, when used alone, are far from the same desired good Let paper properties achieve.
  • a pure synthetic resin dispersion reduces the water absorption most strongly due to its good film-forming properties, but the penetration into the base paper is insufficient. This is demonstrated by the only slightly improved values with regard to layer strength and rigidity
  • wet strength agent does not significantly change the properties of the impregnated paper.
  • the medium-hard synthetic resin dispersion (5) was replaced by a hard dispersion with a particle size of approximately 0.15 ⁇ m, minimum film-forming temperature approximately 25 ° C.
  • This dispersion was an aqueous copolymer dispersion based on acrylic acid ester and styrene.
  • Combinations of synthetic resin dispersions and impregnating resins such as. B. urea-formaldehyde resin, as are common for the impregnation of decorative base papers in separate impregnation plants, lead to the improvement of the properties of the base paper.
  • the type of synthetic resin dispersion used essentially determines the liquor absorption, porosity, water absorption and layer strength of the paper (see recipes 8 and 10).

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
  • Accommodation For Nursing Or Treatment Tables (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé pour la préparation de feuilles continues de papier, imprégnées de résines synthétiques, à partir d'un mélange de fibres cellulosiques présentant un pouvoir absorbant et une résistance élevés, formé à partir de cellulose d'Eucaliptus et de cellulose de bois de pin au sulfate, selon un rapport de 50:50 à 10:90, de préférence de 30:10 à 15:85, le mélange étant trituré jusqu'à un indice d'égouttage maximum de 35 °SR ou soumis à un triturage avec découpage jusqu'à un indice de 15 à 25 ° SR, éventuellement en combinaison avec des matières fibreuses synthétiques, dans lequel sur la feuille de papier continue on applique un liquide d'imprégnation constitué d'un mélange de dispersions aqueuses de copolymères anioniques à base d'acide acrylique, d'acrylonitrile, d'acétate de vinyle et/ou de styrène présentant une granulométrie moyenne inférieure à 0,2 µm, une dureté faible à moyenne à l'état de film et une température minimale pour la formation d'un film inférieure à 30°C, en combinaison avec d'autres solutions anioniques usuelles de copolymères à base d'anhydride maléique ou d'acide maléique avec du styrène, de l'acide acrylique et/ou des esters d'acide acrylique selon un rapport de 100 jusqu'à 10:1, compté sur la substance active, avec une valeur de pH entre 7,5 et 10, dans une presse encolleuse dans la sécherie de la machine à papier.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le pH est ajusté de préférence sur un intervalle compris entre 8 et 9.
  3. Procédé selon les revendications 1 et 2 caractérisé en ce que l'on ajoute à la matière fibreuse de la feuille continue d'autres adjuvants chimiques, comme des agents régulateurs de pH, des agents assurant la résistance à l'état humide et à, l'état sec, des dispersions de résines synthétiques, des précipitants (fixatifs), des tensioactifs, des colorants, des matières de charge et assimilé.
  4. Procédé selon les revendication 1 à 3 caractérisé en qu'on applique un rapport de dispersions aqueuses de copolymères anioniques de dureté faible à moyenne à l'état de film avec une température minimale pour la formation d'un film inférieure à 30°, aux solutions anioniques de copolymère, égal de 25 à 15, et on ce qu'on utilise des additifs additionnels comme des agents de durcissement, de régulation, de viscosité, antiadhésion ou d'adjuvants à la pénétration ainsi que des pigments ou colorants.
  5. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le mélange de la dispersion et de la solution contient en outre un certain pourcentage d'un tensioactif.
  6. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le pourcentage de tensioactif rapporté au mélange de la dispersion et de la solution est de 0,05 à 1,5 %
  7. Procédé selon les revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'imprégnation de la nappe de fibres de la feuille continue s'effectue des deux côtés par application au rouleau au cours d'une première étape dans la machine à papier, un couchage s'effectuant dans une deuxième étape, d'un seul côté, par une application à la racle, qui est suivie d'un lissage superficiel de la feuille continue.
  8. Procédé selon le revendications 1 à 7 caractérisé en ce que la feuille continue, quand sont terminés le séchage et le lissage superficiel, est soumise à un traitement superficiel supplémentaire sur un côté, par exemple un couchage, une impression et/ou un laquage.
  9. Utilisation d'une feuille continue de papier séchée, fabriquée selon les revendications 1 à 8, pour gainer des parties de meubles (enrobage de boîtier), par collage de la feuille sur un support rigide, puis traitement ultérieur d'un matériau composite ainsi obtenu, par application de coupes biaises et d'un pliage dans la zone des coupes biaises pour obtenir des éléments de meuble tridimensionels (éléments pliants).
EP86110511A 1985-11-21 1986-07-30 Procédé de fabrication de feuilles de papier imprégnées avec des résines artificielles sous forme de solutions et dispersions Expired - Lifetime EP0223922B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86110511T ATE59416T1 (de) 1985-11-21 1986-07-30 Verfahren zur herstellung von mit kunstharzen in form von loesungen und dispersionen impraegnierten papierbahnen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3541187 1985-11-21
DE3541187A DE3541187C2 (de) 1985-11-21 1985-11-21 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer mit Kunstharzen imprägnierten Papierbahn sowie deren Verwendung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0223922A1 EP0223922A1 (fr) 1987-06-03
EP0223922B1 EP0223922B1 (fr) 1990-12-27
EP0223922B2 true EP0223922B2 (fr) 1997-10-29

Family

ID=6286484

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86110511A Expired - Lifetime EP0223922B2 (fr) 1985-11-21 1986-07-30 Procédé de fabrication de feuilles de papier imprégnées avec des résines artificielles sous forme de solutions et dispersions

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0223922B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0726355B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE59416T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1329072C (fr)
DD (1) DD259885A5 (fr)
DE (2) DE3541187C2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2000141A6 (fr)
FI (1) FI86902C (fr)
NO (1) NO174725C (fr)
PT (1) PT83153B (fr)

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3631835A1 (de) * 1986-09-19 1988-03-24 Kaemmerer Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung vergilbungsresistenter papiere, insbesondere gegenueber hitzeeinwirkung
DE4413619C2 (de) * 1993-12-02 1996-09-26 Wkp Wuerttembergische Kunststo Verfahren zum Herstellen von Papier und von Laminaten
DE19758479C2 (de) * 1997-07-02 2002-07-11 Koehler Decor Gmbh & Co Kg Imprägnierflotte
DE19728250C2 (de) * 1997-07-02 2002-01-17 Koehler Decor Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Vorimprägnats, das damit erhaltene Vorimprägnat und dessen Verwendung zur Herstellung von Dekorverbundgebilden
DE19946151C5 (de) * 1999-09-27 2010-02-04 Koehler Decor Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Vorimprägnats, das danach hergestellte Vorimprägnat sowie dessen Verwendung
DE10016810A1 (de) 2000-04-05 2001-10-11 Basf Ag Polymerdispersion zum Imprägnieren von Papier
DE10104820C1 (de) * 2001-02-01 2002-08-08 Erfurt & Sohn Kg Wandbekleidung
WO2002079571A1 (fr) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-10 Kronospan Technical Company Ltd. Papier permettant la realisation de panneaux, et procede de production de papier
RU2318943C1 (ru) * 2006-07-12 2008-03-10 Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Гознак" (Фгуп "Гознак") Способ изготовления бумаги, устойчивой к загрязнению
DE102008041296A1 (de) 2007-08-22 2009-03-19 Basf Se Wässriges Imprägniermittel für Rohpapier
NL1036705C2 (nl) 2009-03-13 2010-09-14 Trespa Int Bv Werkwijze ter vervaardiging van een met hars geïmpregneerd decorpapier alsmede een decorpaneel.
DE102009043958A1 (de) * 2009-09-07 2011-03-17 Michael Wiederschein Imprägnierter Werkstoff sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines imprägnierten Werkstoffs
DE102010016864B4 (de) † 2010-05-10 2018-09-27 Papierfabrik Julius Schulte Söhne GmbH & Co. KG Faserstoffhaltiges Kernpapier, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und dessen Verwendung
NL2007494C2 (nl) 2011-09-28 2013-04-02 Trespa Int Bv Werkwijze ter vervaardiging van een decoratieve film alsmede een decorpaneel.
DE102011122012B4 (de) * 2011-12-22 2017-04-06 Neenah Gessner Gmbh Imprägniertes Schleifrohpapier, Verfahren zur Herstellung von imprägniertem Schleifrohpapier und dessen Verwendung
DE102013114420A1 (de) 2012-12-23 2014-06-26 Michael Jokiel Imprägnierflotte zur Imprägnierung eines Rohpapieres
NL2011719C2 (en) 2013-11-01 2015-05-04 Trespa Int Bv A decorative panel.
NL2014060B1 (en) 2014-12-24 2016-09-30 Trespa Int Bv A method for producing a printed decorative paper.
CN109489104A (zh) * 2017-09-11 2019-03-19 南京新莱尔材料科技有限公司 一种可供室内供暖的发热墙纸及其制造方法

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US3026217A (en) 1958-04-11 1962-03-20 Kimberly Clark Co Fiber products and methods of manufacturing comprising base sheet of cellulose fibers saturated with a mixture comprising elastomeric polymer and polar adjunct polymer having carboxylic acid functional group
GB1358296A (en) * 1970-07-10 1974-07-03 Bayer Ag Anionic papersizing agents
DE2254781C2 (de) * 1972-11-09 1980-10-16 Roehm Gmbh, 6100 Darmstadt Verwendung kationischer Kunststoffdispersionen zur Stoffleimung von Papier
JPS5324106B2 (fr) * 1974-05-25 1978-07-19
SE417849B (sv) 1974-11-20 1981-04-13 Billingsfors Bruks Ab Forfarande for tillverkning av impregnerad och ytbehandlad folie
DE2550980C3 (de) * 1975-11-13 1979-12-13 Roehm Gmbh, 6100 Darmstadt Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Imprägnieren von saugfähigen Rohpapieren
JPS5942303B2 (ja) * 1976-05-25 1984-10-13 株式会社巴川製紙所 第二原図用紙
JPS54120713A (en) * 1978-03-06 1979-09-19 Hoechst Gosei Kk Treating agent and method for rendering paper transparent
DE2949306A1 (de) * 1979-12-07 1981-06-11 Letron GmbH, 8750 Aschaffenburg Kunststoff-furnier sowie verfahren zur herstellung eines kunststoff-furnieres
DE3015733C2 (de) * 1980-04-24 1982-07-01 Beiersdorf Ag, 2000 Hamburg Verfahren zur Herstellung imprägnierter glatter oder gekreppter Papiere in einem Arbeitsgang auf der Papiermaschine und deren Verwendung als Trägermaterial für druckempfindliche Klebstoffschichten
DE3024394A1 (de) * 1980-06-28 1982-01-21 Letron GmbH, 8750 Aschaffenburg Verfahren zur herstellung eines kunststoff-furnieres in einer papiermaschine
DE3202122A1 (de) * 1982-01-23 1983-07-28 Röhm GmbH, 6100 Darmstadt Verfahen zum verfestigen von fasergebilden mittels waessriger kunststoffdispersionen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1329072C (fr) 1994-05-03
FI863177L (fi) 1987-05-22
FI86902C (fi) 1992-10-26
EP0223922A1 (fr) 1987-06-03
JPH0726355B2 (ja) 1995-03-22
ES2000141A6 (es) 1987-12-16
JPS62125097A (ja) 1987-06-06
NO174725C (no) 1994-06-22
NO863075D0 (no) 1986-07-30
NO174725B (no) 1994-03-14
ATE59416T1 (de) 1991-01-15
DD259885A5 (de) 1988-09-07
NO863075L (no) 1987-05-22
PT83153A (en) 1986-09-01
PT83153B (pt) 1988-07-29
EP0223922B1 (fr) 1990-12-27
DE3676648D1 (de) 1991-02-07
DE3541187C1 (de) 1987-06-11
DE3541187C2 (de) 1994-10-06
FI863177A0 (fi) 1986-08-04
FI86902B (fi) 1992-07-15

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