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EP0234299B2 - Starter bar head for a steel band casting machine - Google Patents
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EP0234299B2 - Starter bar head for a steel band casting machine - Google Patents

Starter bar head for a steel band casting machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0234299B2
EP0234299B2 EP87101021A EP87101021A EP0234299B2 EP 0234299 B2 EP0234299 B2 EP 0234299B2 EP 87101021 A EP87101021 A EP 87101021A EP 87101021 A EP87101021 A EP 87101021A EP 0234299 B2 EP0234299 B2 EP 0234299B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
connecting element
chill mould
mold
connector
strip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87101021A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0234299A2 (en
EP0234299B1 (en
EP0234299A3 (en
Inventor
Horst Grothe
Peter Boese
Manfred Kolakowski
Hermann Lax
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thyssen Stahl AG
SMS Siemag AG
Original Assignee
SMS Schloemann Siemag AG
Thyssen Stahl AG
Schloemann Siemag AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6293220&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0234299(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by SMS Schloemann Siemag AG, Thyssen Stahl AG, Schloemann Siemag AG filed Critical SMS Schloemann Siemag AG
Priority to AT87101021T priority Critical patent/ATE75172T1/en
Publication of EP0234299A2 publication Critical patent/EP0234299A2/en
Publication of EP0234299A3 publication Critical patent/EP0234299A3/en
Publication of EP0234299B1 publication Critical patent/EP0234299B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0234299B2 publication Critical patent/EP0234299B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/08—Accessories for starting the casting procedure
    • B22D11/081—Starter bars
    • B22D11/083—Starter bar head; Means for connecting or detaching starter bars and ingots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/08—Accessories for starting the casting procedure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a starting head for a Steel strip caster, one with a top lower part that can be inserted into the mold a sealing paint made of refractory material is covered and protrusions reaching into the mold space are provided.
  • US-A 3,262,161 is a start-up line known for slab formats, two in its head Rows of connecting bolts side by side are attached by anchor pins. On the surface the start-up line is a flexible, heat-resistant Painted considerably on the edges protrudes from the head and when inserted into the mold in a space on all sides is pressed in and seals it. The painting is through on the head of the start-up line held a metal plate. The between plate and The gap remaining in the mold walls is heat-resistant Material filled and can be with scrap covered on the walls.
  • the object of the invention is to create a Starting head for steel strip casting molds with one outside the mold quickly, easily and precisely secure seal to be attached, being without Using refrigerated scrap is a faster resilient Connection to cast tape formed becomes.
  • the steel strip casting mold with all-round Distance filling connecting element with upper projections while saving Sealing material and difficult manual work inside a narrow mold space without using Refrigerated scrap a quick and firm sprue connection to the first flowing liquid steel educated. It was surprisingly found that through the cold surfaces of the connector a stronger cooling effect is achieved than due to the low mass of the due to its air inclusion first of all isolating cooling scrap.
  • the connecting element with the matching flat gasket and steel plate to the casting format connected in one operation to the lower part one exact centering is guaranteed by the screws. Due to the steel plate, the seal is when inserted into the Mold held securely and protected when poured on. The connecting element leads to a through its large cooling volume rapid cooling and thus an immediately resilient connection between the start head and the cast belt. Another The advantage is that only the outermost edge of the seal comes into contact with the melt, so that a multiple use is possible.
  • Form in the illustrated steel strip casting mold two opposite broad side walls 1, 2 and two between parallel side areas of the Broad side walls 1, 2 arranged narrow side walls 3, 4 the molding space. For cooling, they are Broad side walls 1, 2 and the narrow side walls 3, 4 provided with channels 5.
  • the broad side walls 1, 2 form an extended pouring area in the middle 6 into which a pouring tube 7 projects.
  • transverse grooves 14 of the lower part 8 are screws 15 held with their heads by the corresponding gaskets provided with flat holes 11, steel plate 12 and connecting element 9 are clamped by means of nuts 16. The screws 15 are used to solve the lower part 8 of connecting element connected to the cast steel strip 9 sideways from the transverse grooves 14 driven out.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Preliminary Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

Means are provided for connecting the proximal end of a dummy strip to the distal (i.e. leading) end of a strip casting, in which a throw-away element serving both as a connector and a heat sink for chilling the metal adjacent to the connector is removably mounted on the proximal end of the dummy strip, with a slightly resilient sealing element holding both the dummy strip and the connector-heat sink element centrally of the mold cavity, and with the connector-heat sink spaced from the walls of the mold by a narrow gap and also having means for both chilling and positively interlocking with the metal of the distal end of the cast strip when it congeals.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Anfahrkopf für eine Stahlbandgießanlage, wobei ein mit einer Oberseite teilweise in die Kokille einbringbares Unterteil mit einer abdichtenden Malte aus feuerfestem Material bedeckt ist und in den Kokillenraum reichende Vorsprünge vorgesehen sind.The invention relates to a starting head for a Steel strip caster, one with a top lower part that can be inserted into the mold a sealing paint made of refractory material is covered and protrusions reaching into the mold space are provided.

Durch die US-A 3 262 161 ist ein Anfahrstrang für Brammenformate bekannt, in dessen Kopf zwei Reihen von Verbindungsbolzen nebeneinander durch Ankerstifte befestigt sind. An der Oberfläche des Anfahrstranges befindet sich eine flexible, wärmebeständige Malte, die beträchtlich an den Rändern des Kopfes übersteht und beim Einschieben in die Kokille in einem allseitigen Zwischenraum hineingedrückt wird und diesen abdichtet. Die Malte wird auf dem Kopf des Anfahrstranges durch eine Metallplatte gehalten. Der zwischen Platte und den Kokillenwänden verbleibende Spalt ist mit wärmebeständigem Material gefüllt und kann mit Kühlschrott an den Wänden erhöht überdeckt werden.US-A 3,262,161 is a start-up line known for slab formats, two in its head Rows of connecting bolts side by side are attached by anchor pins. On the surface the start-up line is a flexible, heat-resistant Painted considerably on the edges protrudes from the head and when inserted into the mold in a space on all sides is pressed in and seals it. The painting is through on the head of the start-up line held a metal plate. The between plate and The gap remaining in the mold walls is heat-resistant Material filled and can be with scrap covered on the walls.

Die Verwendung von Kühlschrott verlängert die Vorbereitungszeit und führt zum Verkratzen der Kokillenwände und nachgeordneter Stützführungselemente. Darüber hinaus ist der bekannte aufwendige Anfahrkopf für Kokillen von Stahlbandgießanlagen wegen der formatbedingt schlechten Zugänglichkeit und Kontrollmöglichkeit nicht geeignet.The use of refrigerated scrap extends the Preparation time and leads to scratching the Mold walls and downstream support guide elements. In addition, the well-known start-up head for molds of steel strip caster because of the format-related poor accessibility and Control option not suitable.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Schaffung eines Anfahrkopfes für Stahlbandgießkokillen mit einer außerhalb der Kokille schnell, einfach und exakt anzubringenden sicheren Abdichtung, wobei ohne Verwendung von Kühlschrott eine schneller belastbare Verbindung zu gegossenen Band gebildet wird.The object of the invention is to create a Starting head for steel strip casting molds with one outside the mold quickly, easily and precisely secure seal to be attached, being without Using refrigerated scrap is a faster resilient Connection to cast tape formed becomes.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch den Anfahrkopf nach Anspruch 1 gelöst.This task is carried out by the start head Claim 1 solved.

Bei einem derartigen Anfahrkopf wird durch das die Stahlbandgießkokille mit allseitigem Abstand ausfüllende Verbindungselement mit oberen Vorsprüngen bei Einsparung von Dichtmaterial und schwieriger Handarbeit innerhalb eines engen Formraumes ohne Verwendung von Kühlschrott eine schnelle und feste Angießverbindung zu dem zuerst einströmenden flüssigen Stahl gebildet. Überraschend wurde festgestellt, daß durch die kalten Oberflächen des Verbindungselements eine stärkere Kühlwirkung erzielt wird als durch die geringe Masse des aufgrund seines Lufteinschlusses zuerst isolierend wirkenden Kühlschrotts. With such a start-up head, the steel strip casting mold with all-round Distance filling connecting element with upper projections while saving Sealing material and difficult manual work inside a narrow mold space without using Refrigerated scrap a quick and firm sprue connection to the first flowing liquid steel educated. It was surprisingly found that through the cold surfaces of the connector a stronger cooling effect is achieved than due to the low mass of the due to its air inclusion first of all isolating cooling scrap.

Bei dem neuen Anfahrkopf wird das Verbindungselement mit der zum Gießformat passenden Flachdichtung und der Stahlplatte in einem Arbeitsgang mit dem Unterteil verbunden, wobei eine exakte Zentrierung durch die Schrauben gewährleistet ist. Durch die Stahlplatte ist die Dichtung beim Einführen in die Kokille sicher gehalten und beim Angießen geschützt. Das Verbindungselement führt durch sein großes Kühlvolumen zu einer schnellen Abkühlung und damit zu einer sofort belastbaren Verbindung zwischen Anfahrkopf und gegossenem Band. Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, daß nur der äußerste Rand der Dichtung mit der Schmelze in Kontakt kommt, so daß eine mehrfache Benutzung möglich ist.With the new start head, the connecting element with the matching flat gasket and steel plate to the casting format connected in one operation to the lower part, one exact centering is guaranteed by the screws. Due to the steel plate, the seal is when inserted into the Mold held securely and protected when poured on. The connecting element leads to a through its large cooling volume rapid cooling and thus an immediately resilient connection between the start head and the cast belt. Another The advantage is that only the outermost edge of the seal comes into contact with the melt, so that a multiple use is possible.

Es wurde festgestellt, daß der flüssige Stahl bereits in dem Spalt zwischen Verbindungselement und Kokillenwand erstarrt und nur in geringem Maße bis zur Dichtung fließt. It was found that the molten steel was already in the The gap between the connecting element and the mold wall solidifies and only flows to a small extent to the seal.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Ansprüchen 2 und 3.Further configurations of the invention result themselves from claims 2 and 3.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
den Querschnitt einer Stahlbandgießkokille mit eingeschobenem Anfahrkopf und
Fig. 2
eine Innenansicht in Richtung einer Breitseitenwand mit davorstehendem Anfahrkopf.
In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown. Show it
Fig. 1
the cross section of a steel strip casting mold with inserted start-up head and
Fig. 2
an interior view in the direction of a broad side wall with the starting head protruding.

Bei der dargestellten Stahlbandgießkokille bilden zwei gegenüberliegende Breitseitenwände 1, 2 und zwei zwischen parallelen Seitenbereichen der Breitseitenwände 1, 2 angeordnete Schmalseitenwände 3, 4 den Formraum. Zur Kühlung sind die Breitseitenwände 1, 2 und die Schmalseitenwände 3, 4 mit Kanälen 5 versehen. Die Breitseitenwände 1, 2 formen zu ihrer Mitte einen erweiterten Eingießbereich 6 in den ein Gießrohr 7 hineinragt.Form in the illustrated steel strip casting mold two opposite broad side walls 1, 2 and two between parallel side areas of the Broad side walls 1, 2 arranged narrow side walls 3, 4 the molding space. For cooling, they are Broad side walls 1, 2 and the narrow side walls 3, 4 provided with channels 5. The broad side walls 1, 2 form an extended pouring area in the middle 6 into which a pouring tube 7 projects.

Zum Verschließen der Kokille und als Auszugsverbindung befindet sich im unteren Teil der Kokille ein aus einem Unterteil 8 und einem Verbindungselement 9 bestehender Anfahrkopf. Der mit einem Auszugselement 10 verbundene Unterteil 8 des Anfahrkopfes füllt die Kokille mit geringem Spiel aus. Auf der ebenen Oberfläche des Unterteils 8 liegt eine Flachdichtung 11, die durch eine dem Format des Unterteils 8 entsprechende Stahlplatte 12 gehalten ist. Die als Keramikfasermatte ausgebildete Flachdichtung 11 weist einen geringen Überstand gegenüber der Kokillenöffnung auf, so daß innerhalb der Kokille eine allseitig dichtende Anlage gewährleistet ist.To close the mold and as a pull-out connection is in the lower part of the mold one of a lower part 8 and a connecting element 9 existing start-up head. The one with a lower part 8 connected to a pull-out element 10 of the start-up head fills the mold with little Game over. On the flat surface of the lower part 8 is a flat gasket 11, which by a steel plate corresponding to the format of the lower part 8 12 is held. The ceramic fiber mat trained flat seal 11 has a low Protruding from the mold opening, so that an all-round seal inside the mold Facility is guaranteed.

Auf der Stahlplatte 12 ist das Verbindungselement 9 aufgesetzt, das einen allseitigen Abstand a zu den Kokillenwänden 1, 2, 3, 4 hat und an seiner Oberseite mit pilzartigen Vorsprüngen 13 versehen ist. In Quernuten 14 des Unterteils 8 sind Schrauben 15 mit ihren Köpfen gehalten, durch die mit entsprechenden Bohrungen versehenen Flachdichtungen 11, Stahlplatte 12 und Verbindungselement 9 mittels Muttern 16 verspannt sind. Die Schrauben 15 werden zur Lösung des Unterteils 8 vom mit dem gegossenen Stahlband verbundenen Verbindungselement 9 seitwärts aus den Quernuten 14 herausgetrieben.On the steel plate 12 is the connecting element 9 placed, the all-round distance a to the mold walls 1, 2, 3, 4 and on his Provide the top with mushroom-like projections 13 is. In transverse grooves 14 of the lower part 8 are screws 15 held with their heads by the corresponding gaskets provided with flat holes 11, steel plate 12 and connecting element 9 are clamped by means of nuts 16. The screws 15 are used to solve the lower part 8 of connecting element connected to the cast steel strip 9 sideways from the transverse grooves 14 driven out.

Claims (3)

  1. Starting head for a steel strip casting plant, wherein a lower part (8), which is partly introducible by an upper side into the chill mould and which fills up the chill mould with a small play, is covered by a sealing mat (11) of fireproof material, wherein the sealing mat is held, with a small projection all round relative to the chill mould opening, by a steel plate (12), which corresponds with the format of the lower part (8), and projections (13) reaching into the chill mould chamber are provided, characterised in that the projections (13) are disposed at a connecting element (9) which is detachably clamped on the lower part (8) and which is placed on the steel plate (12), that the connecting element (9) fills up the chill mould by a spacing (a) at all sides and that the connecting element (9) consists of a base plate with upper mushroom-shaped projections.
  2. Starting head according to claim 1, characterised in that the spacing a of the connecting element (9) relative to the chill mould walls (1, 2, 3, 4) amounts to about 5 to 15 millimetres.
  3. Starting head according to claim 1, characterised in that the connecting element (9) is connected with the lower part (8) by screws (15), the heads of which are held in transverse grooves (14) in the lower part (8).
EP87101021A 1986-02-03 1987-01-26 Starter bar head for a steel band casting machine Expired - Lifetime EP0234299B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87101021T ATE75172T1 (en) 1986-02-03 1987-01-26 STARTING HEAD FOR A STEEL STRIP CASTING PLANT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863603190 DE3603190A1 (en) 1986-02-03 1986-02-03 START-UP HEAD FOR A STEEL TAPE CASTING SYSTEM
DE3603190 1986-02-03

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0234299A2 EP0234299A2 (en) 1987-09-02
EP0234299A3 EP0234299A3 (en) 1989-03-01
EP0234299B1 EP0234299B1 (en) 1992-04-22
EP0234299B2 true EP0234299B2 (en) 1999-07-28

Family

ID=6293220

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87101021A Expired - Lifetime EP0234299B2 (en) 1986-02-03 1987-01-26 Starter bar head for a steel band casting machine

Country Status (17)

Country Link
US (1) US4719960A (en)
EP (1) EP0234299B2 (en)
JP (1) JPH06102260B2 (en)
KR (1) KR960002405B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1007325B (en)
AT (1) ATE75172T1 (en)
BR (1) BR8700462A (en)
CA (1) CA1281529C (en)
DD (1) DD253387A5 (en)
DE (2) DE3603190A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2030396T5 (en)
GR (1) GR3004450T3 (en)
IN (1) IN169621B (en)
MX (1) MX166838B (en)
SU (1) SU1554756A3 (en)
UA (1) UA6337A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA87321B (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021213770A1 (en) 2021-12-03 2023-06-07 Sms Group Gmbh Sealing system for a continuous casting plant
WO2024094846A1 (en) 2022-11-04 2024-05-10 Sms Group Gmbh Sealing system for use with a dummy bar head of a continuous casting system and method for producing a metal product by means of continuous casting using the sealing system

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DE3742190A1 (en) * 1987-12-12 1989-06-22 Schloemann Siemag Ag START-UP HEAD FOR A STEEL TAPE CASTING SYSTEM
DE3801932A1 (en) * 1988-01-23 1989-08-03 Schloemann Siemag Ag METHOD FOR CASTING A STEEL STRIP IN A STEEL STRIP CASTING SYSTEM
DE3834410A1 (en) * 1988-10-10 1990-04-12 Schloemann Siemag Ag START-UP DEVICE FOR A STEEL TAPE CASTING SYSTEM
DE4124014C2 (en) * 1991-07-19 1999-03-11 Schloemann Siemag Ag Starting device for a steel strip caster
AT399834B (en) * 1993-02-12 1995-07-25 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen START-UP HEAD FOR A CONTINUOUS CASTING SYSTEM
US6315497B1 (en) 1995-12-29 2001-11-13 Shell Oil Company Joint for applying current across a pipe-in-pipe system
AT411822B (en) * 2002-09-12 2004-06-25 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen METHOD AND DEVICE FOR STARTING A CASTING PROCESS
ES2400704T3 (en) * 2008-05-23 2013-04-11 Concast Ag Cold bar head sealing system in a shell of a continuous casting installation for casting large format preliminary profiles
KR20130088841A (en) * 2010-06-30 2013-08-08 지멘스 브이에이아이 메탈스 테크놀로지스 게엠베하 Initial casting part, dummy bar head, and dummy bar for a continuous casting machine for casting preliminary profiles
CN102380590B (en) * 2011-11-14 2013-06-26 振石集团东方特钢股份有限公司 Method for pouring plate blank stainless steel
CN102836981B (en) * 2012-08-17 2014-04-30 秦皇岛首秦金属材料有限公司 Design method for adjustment of driving roller of thick slab continuous casting machine
JP2019166724A (en) 2018-03-23 2019-10-03 セイコーエプソン株式会社 Recording method and inkjet recording device
CN115055655A (en) * 2022-05-14 2022-09-16 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 A pouring device and method for large-sized continuous casting round billets
CN115106487A (en) * 2022-05-14 2022-09-27 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 Method for placing cold material of ultra-large-specification continuous casting round billet seal dummy ingot
DE102023210885A1 (en) 2022-11-04 2024-05-08 Sms Group Gmbh Sealing system for use with a cold strand head of a continuous casting plant and method for producing a metallic product by continuous casting using the sealing system

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BE649902A (en) * 1963-06-27
US3338297A (en) * 1964-03-06 1967-08-29 United States Steel Corp Apparatus for bending a casting having a liquid core
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AT352924B (en) 1978-03-25 1979-10-10 Voest Ag ACCESS LINE FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING PLANTS
CH659016A5 (en) 1982-12-20 1986-12-31 Concast Service Union Ag METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SEALING A STARTING HEAD IN A CONTINUOUS CASTING COIL.
DE3306186C2 (en) * 1983-02-23 1985-08-08 Mannesmann AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Method and device for casting in horizontal continuous casting
DE3400220A1 (en) * 1984-01-05 1985-07-18 SMS Schloemann-Siemag AG, 4000 Düsseldorf CHOCOLATE FOR CONTINUOUSLY STEEL STRIP

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021213770A1 (en) 2021-12-03 2023-06-07 Sms Group Gmbh Sealing system for a continuous casting plant
WO2023099141A1 (en) 2021-12-03 2023-06-08 Sms Group Gmbh Sealing system for a continuous casting plant
WO2024094846A1 (en) 2022-11-04 2024-05-10 Sms Group Gmbh Sealing system for use with a dummy bar head of a continuous casting system and method for producing a metal product by means of continuous casting using the sealing system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GR3004450T3 (en) 1993-03-31
EP0234299A2 (en) 1987-09-02
EP0234299B1 (en) 1992-04-22
ES2030396T5 (en) 2000-01-16
JPH06102260B2 (en) 1994-12-14
DE3603190A1 (en) 1987-08-06
CN87100519A (en) 1987-08-19
ATE75172T1 (en) 1992-05-15
CN1007325B (en) 1990-03-28
ES2030396T3 (en) 1992-11-01
DD253387A5 (en) 1988-01-20
IN169621B (en) 1991-11-23
EP0234299A3 (en) 1989-03-01
BR8700462A (en) 1987-12-08
MX166838B (en) 1993-02-09
UA6337A1 (en) 1994-12-29
US4719960A (en) 1988-01-19
ZA87321B (en) 1987-10-28
DE3778394D1 (en) 1992-05-27
JPS63165051A (en) 1988-07-08
KR870007739A (en) 1987-09-21
CA1281529C (en) 1991-03-19
SU1554756A3 (en) 1990-03-30
KR960002405B1 (en) 1996-02-17

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