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EP0512658B2 - Plant for treatment of liquid steel and process for running the same - Google Patents
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EP0512658B2 - Plant for treatment of liquid steel and process for running the same - Google Patents

Plant for treatment of liquid steel and process for running the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0512658B2
EP0512658B2 EP92250092A EP92250092A EP0512658B2 EP 0512658 B2 EP0512658 B2 EP 0512658B2 EP 92250092 A EP92250092 A EP 92250092A EP 92250092 A EP92250092 A EP 92250092A EP 0512658 B2 EP0512658 B2 EP 0512658B2
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Prior art keywords
vacuum
melt
treatment
generating
time
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EP92250092A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0512658A1 (en
EP0512658B1 (en
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Schönewolf Dr.-Ing. Georg
Jürgen Ing. Dörpinghaus
Horst Dieter Dr.-Ing. Schöler
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Vodafone GmbH
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Mannesmann AG
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/10Handling in a vacuum

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the secondary metallurgical treatment of molten steel under vacuum.
  • the size of the individual parts of the system or their capacity is coordinated so that for one a certain amount of production ensures a smooth flow of materials within the process chain.
  • Figure 2 shows the original treatment sequence at just one vacuum level.
  • the on Variant 2 shown in Figure 3 shows the final treatment of the melt in a separate rinsing station in front.
  • Variant 3 ( Figure 4) contains a second treatment stand.
  • a further reduction in the clock sequence is limited by the availability of the conventional vacuum pump system, usually existing from water ring pumps and steam jets.
  • the invention is based on a known VOD system. This usually consists of a Combination of water ring pumps and the actual core of the vacuum system, the steam jets.
  • Fig. 6 the usual one is in the first line, labeled VAK-Stand 1 (container 1) Treatment process of a melt shown in a VOD system, as it results from Fig. 1, only with the modification that the treatment section F was moved to a conditioning stand.
  • VAK-Stand 1 container 1
  • the pretreatment is also carried out the melt in container 1 'is completed.
  • the first melt is now in a form not shown in FIG Condition level transferred and finished.
  • Container 1 is now ready to hold one third ladle available while the container 1 'by appropriate actuation of shut-off devices can be subjected to a low vacuum.
  • the purpose of the solution according to the invention is to increase the time utilization of the previous and downstream melting and casting equipment by z.
  • Fig. 5 is a timing diagram of the solution according to the invention including an electric arc furnace or converter and a continuous caster shown, the cycle time of the vacuum system Is 55 minutes.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to plant for the secondary metallurgical treatment of molten steel, which is arranged within a production chain consisting of a melting device, such as an electric furnace or converter, and a casting device, in particular a continuous casting device. A solution is to be found which, at the lowest possible cost, ensures a high degree of flexibility and an adaptation of the VOD transformation time to the cycle times of the upstream and/or downstream melting and casting devices. For this purpose, the plant is designed with two stands for in each case one vessel (1, 1') which can be evacuated and contains a steel melt, which contain devices (6, 6') for feeding oxygen and devices (7, 7') for adding additives to the melt, and with pipes (3) which connect the vessels (1, 1') to a device for generating a vacuum, a device consisting of a water ring pump station (5') for generating a moderate vacuum and a device (4, 5) consisting of water ring pumps (4) and steam ejectors (5) for generating a deep vacuum being provided, and the vessels being selectively connectable only to the device for generating a moderate vacuum (5') or to the device for generating a deep vacuum (4, 5). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur sekundärmetallurgischen Behandlung von Stahlschmelze unter Vakuum.The invention relates to a method for the secondary metallurgical treatment of molten steel under vacuum.

Anlagen dieser Art sind im Prinzip und hinsichtlich der technischen AusGestaltung der einzelnen Aggregate und Verfahrensstufen bekannt, z. B. aus Stahl u. Eisen 109 (1989), Nr. 22, Seite 1047 bis 1056. Die Rohstahlerzeugung wird dabei entweder in einem Elektrolichtbogenofen oder einem Konverter vorgenommen. Daran anschließend wird der flüssige Stahl einer Station zur sekundärmetallurgischen Behandlung zugeführt und fertiggemacht und letztlich auf einer Stranggießanlage bzw. als Blockstahl vergossen.Systems of this type are in principle and with regard to the technical design of the individual Aggregates and process stages are known, e.g. B. made of steel u. Eisen 109 (1989), No. 22, pages 1047 to 1056. The crude steel is produced either in an electric arc furnace or in a converter. Then the liquid steel becomes a station for secondary metallurgical treatment fed and finished and finally cast on a continuous caster or as block steel.

Eine derartige Prozeßkette ist auch aus einem Prospekt der Mannesmann Demag Hüttentechnik 6.15.3.11 E 08.90.2000 bekannt. Als Aggregat zur sekundärmetallurgischen Behandlung kommt hier eine VOD-Anlage zum Einsatz, s. Fig. 11 mit Beschreibung.Such a process chain is also from a brochure from Mannesmann Demag Hüttentechnik 6.15.3.11 E 08.90.2000 known. One comes here as an aggregate for secondary metallurgical treatment VOD system for use, see 11 with description.

Die Größe der einzelnen Anlagenteile bzw. deren Kapazität ist so aufeinander abgestimmt, daß für eine bestimmte Erzeugungsmenge ein reibungsloser Materialfluß innerhalb der Prozeßkette gewährleistet ist.The size of the individual parts of the system or their capacity is coordinated so that for one a certain amount of production ensures a smooth flow of materials within the process chain.

Der Verfahrensablauf innerhalb der VOD-Station wird anhand von Bild 1 erläutert. Er gliedert sich in die Abschnitte A - F:

  • A - entspricht der Zeit für die Zuführung der Pfanne zum Ort der Behandlung sowie die Vorbereitung durch Inertgasanschluß und -einstellung der Spülintensität sowie Abdeckung mittels mit Feuerfestmaterial ausgekleidetem oder wassergekühltem Deckel. Letzterer reduziert die Zeit bei vorliegendem Beispiel um mehr als die Hälfte.
  • B - enthält das eigentliche Vakuumfrischen. Angenommen wurden Eingangs-C-Gehalte von 0,60 % und Si-Gehalte von 0,20 % für die Stahlgüte V2A. Entsprechend einer sich ändernden Analyse sind kürzere oder längere Zeiten in Rechnung zu stellen.
  • C - beinhaltet die Auskochzeit im Anschluß an das Sauerstofffrischen.
  • D - ist die Zeit für die Aufgabe der Schlackenbildner und der Reduktionsmittel. Im Falle des zum Einsatz gelangten Deckels mit ff-Material ist dieser zu diesem Zeitpunkt zu entfernen, was im Unterschied zu dem in der Anlage installierten wassergekühlten Deckel einen zeitlichen Mehrbedarf beansprucht.
  • E - umfaßt die Reduktionszeit, deren Dauer von Erfordernissen wie Reduktion, Entgasung, Entschwefelung abhängig ist.
  • F - bezieht sich auf die Analysenkorrektur sowie die Temperaturmessung mit den Einzelaktivitäten wie Probenahme, Temperaturmessung, Legierung, Kühlschrottzugabe, Abdecken der Pfanne.
  • The procedure within the VOD station is explained using Figure 1. It is divided into sections A - F:
  • A - corresponds to the time for the pan to be brought to the treatment site and the preparation by means of an inert gas connection and adjustment of the purging intensity and cover by means of a lid lined with refractory material or water-cooled lid. The latter reduces the time in the present example by more than half.
  • B - contains the actual vacuum refresh. Inlet C contents of 0.60% and Si contents of 0.20% were assumed for the steel grade V2A. According to a changing analysis, shorter or longer times have to be charged.
  • C - includes the boil-out time following the oxygen freshening.
  • D - is the time for the abandonment of slag formers and reducing agents. In the case of the lid used with ff material, this must be removed at this time, which, in contrast to the water-cooled lid installed in the system, requires additional time.
  • E - includes the reduction time, the duration of which depends on requirements such as reduction, degassing, desulfurization.
  • F - refers to the analysis correction and the temperature measurement with the individual activities such as sampling, temperature measurement, alloy, addition of cooling scrap, covering the pan.
  • Im Kontext mit den vor- bzw. nachgeschalteten Produktionseinrichtungen sind dabei die in den Bildern 2 bis 4 dargestellten Varianten möglich und bekannt.In the context of the upstream or downstream production facilities are those in the pictures 2 to 4 shown variants possible and known.

    Bild 2 (Variante 1) gibt die ursprüngliche Behandlungsfolge an nur einem Vakuumstand wieder. Die auf Bild 3 dargestellte Variante 2 sieht die Schlußbehandlung der Schmelze in einem gesonderten Spülstand vor.Figure 2 (variant 1) shows the original treatment sequence at just one vacuum level. The on Variant 2 shown in Figure 3 shows the final treatment of the melt in a separate rinsing station in front.

    Variante 3 (Bild 4) enthält einen zweiten Behandlungsstand. Eine weitere Reduzierung der Taktfolge ist begrenzt durch die Verfügbarkeit des herkömmlichen einen Vakuumpumpensystems, üblicherweise bestehend aus Wasserringpumpen und Dampfstrahlern.Variant 3 (Figure 4) contains a second treatment stand. A further reduction in the clock sequence is limited by the availability of the conventional vacuum pump system, usually existing from water ring pumps and steam jets.

    Diese bekannten Konzepte der Prozeßkette Schmelzeinrichtung - VOD-Anlage - Gießeinrichtung stellen keine grundsätzlichen Lösungen dar, die niedrigen Taktzeiten von Schmelz- und Gießeinrichtungen auch nur näherungsweise zu erreichen oder eine Anpassung aneinander vorzunehmen. Veränderungen innerhalb der einmal festgelegten Linie wären nur durch Einbeziehung einer kostenaufwendigen, zusätzlichen metallurgischen Einrichtung oder der Verlagerung der Fertigmachzeit der Schmelzen nach der Reduktionsbehandlung in einen gesonderten Spülstand möglich. Auch ist das Gesamtsystem unflexibel in bezug auf Änderungen metallurgischer oder gießtechnischer Verfahrensweisen, die sich auf die Taktzeit der einzelnen Stufen im Sinne einer Verkürzung dieser Taktzeiten auswirken.These known concepts of the process chain melting device - VOD plant - pouring device the basic cycle times of melting and pouring devices are not basic solutions either only approximate or to adapt to each other. Changes within the once established line would only be by including a costly, additional metallurgical Establishment or relocation of the finishing time of the melts after the reduction treatment possible in a separate flushing station. The overall system is also inflexible in terms of Changes in metallurgical or casting techniques that affect the cycle time of each Levels in the sense of shortening these cycle times.

    Zum Stand der Technik wird ferner auf das Buch H. Knüppel "Desoxidation UND Vakuumbehandlung von Stahlschmelzen", Bd. II "Grundlagen der Pfannenmetallurgie", Verlag Stahleisen m.b.H., 1983, Düsseldorf, DE, Textteil: S.257-260, S.306-309 und Bildteil: Abbildungen 4.53 und 4.60 verwiesen.The state of the art is further referred to the book H. Knüppel "Deoxidation AND vacuum treatment von Stahlschmelzen ", Vol. II" Basics of ladle metallurgy ", Verlag Stahleisen m.b.H., 1983, Düsseldorf, DE, text part: S.257-260, S.306-309 and picture part: Figures 4.53 and 4.60 referenced.

    Zum Stand der Technik gehört auch noch eine offenkundig vorbenutzte Anlage in Siegen/Geisweid.The state of the art also includes an obviously pre-used system in Siegen / Geisweid.

    Diese war für die Aufnahme von zwei Kesseln ausgelegt. Das Tiefvakuum wurde durch dreistufige Dampfstrahlpumpen sowie zwei parallel laufende Wasserringpumpen erzeugt. Bei Erreichung eines bestimmten Druckes (10 Torr) konnte eine der Wasserringpumpen abgetrennt und für die Erzeugung eines mittleren Vakuums in dem zweiten Behälter eingesetzt werden.This was designed to hold two boilers. The low vacuum was through three-stage steam jet pumps and two water ring pumps running in parallel. When a certain pressure (10 Torr) was reached, one of the water ring pumps could separated and for the creation of a medium vacuum in the second container be used.

    Eine gleichzeitige Erzeugung des Tiefvakuums und des mittleren Vakuums konnte aus vorrichtungstechnischen Gründen, d.h. durch den notwendigen gemeinsamen Einsatz der beiden Wasserringpumpen nicht erfolgen.A simultaneous generation of the low vacuum and the medium vacuum could device-related reasons, i.e. through the necessary joint effort of two water ring pumps do not take place.

    Das Problem besteht also darin, eine Lösung zu finden, die mit geringstmöglichem Aufwand ein hohes Maß an Flexibilität und eine Anpassung der VOD-Behandlungszeit an die Taktzeiten der vor- bzw. nachgeschalteten Schmelz- und Gleßeinrichtungen gewährleistet.So the problem is finding a solution that is high with the least possible effort Degree of flexibility and an adjustment of the VOD treatment time to the cycle times of the previous or downstream melting and casting facilities guaranteed.

    Die Erfindung geht von einer bekannten VOD-Anlage aus. Diese besteht im Regelfall aus einer Kombination von Wasserringpumpen und dem eigentlichen Kern der Vakuumanlage, den Dampfstrahlern. The invention is based on a known VOD system. This usually consists of a Combination of water ring pumps and the actual core of the vacuum system, the steam jets.

    Nachfolgend soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden, wobei Bezug genommen wird auf die Fig. 6 und 7.The invention will be explained in more detail below, reference being made to FIGS. 6 and 7.

    In Fig. 6 ist zunächst in der ersten Zeile, mit VAK-Stand 1 (Behälter 1) bezeichnet, der übliche Behandlungsablauf einer Schmelze in einer VOD-Anlage dargestellt, wie er sich aus Fig. 1 ergibt, lediglich mit der Abwandlung, daß der Behandlungsabschnitt F in einen Konditionierungsstand verlegt wurde.In Fig. 6, the usual one is in the first line, labeled VAK-Stand 1 (container 1) Treatment process of a melt shown in a VOD system, as it results from Fig. 1, only with the modification that the treatment section F was moved to a conditioning stand.

    Nach Abschluß aller vorbereitenden Arbeiten (Zeitabschnitt A) wird im Behälter 1 gemäß Fig. 7 durch Einschalten der Wasserringpumpen 5' bei geschlossener Absperrvorrichtung 9, 9', 12 über die Saugleitung 10, 11' bei geöffneter Absperrvorrichtung 12' ein mittleres Vakuum von z.B. 180 mbar erzeugt. In diesem Zeitabschnitt B wird auf die Schmelze in der Gießpfanne 2 durch die Einrichtung zur Sauerstoffzufuhr 6' Sauerstoff auf die Schmelze aufgeblasen. Die Sauerstoffzufuhr kann auch über eine abbrennbare Lanze erfolgen.After completion of all preparatory work (period A) in container 1 as shown in FIG Switching on the water ring pumps 5 'with the shut-off device 9, 9', 12 closed via the suction line 10, 11 'with the shut-off device 12' open, an average vacuum of e.g. 180 mbar generated. In this Time period B is applied to the melt in the ladle 2 by the device for supplying oxygen 6 ' Inflated oxygen on the melt. The oxygen supply can also be done via a burnable lance respectively.

    Gegen Ende dieses Abschnittes B, bei geringer werdendem Gasanfall aus der Schmelze, wird die Absperrvorrichtung 9' geöffnet und dafür die Absperrvorrichtung 12' geschlossen, so daß nunmehr der Behälter 1 von den Wasserringpumpen 5 und den Dampfstrahlern 4 auf ein gewünschtes Tiefvakuum bestimmter Größe gefahren wird. Während dieser Zeit kann weiterhin Sauerstoff geblasen werden. Nach Beendigung der Sauerstoffzufuhr schließen sich die Behandlungsschritte bzw. Behandlungsabschnitte C - Auskochen - und E = Reduzieren - (unter Einleiten von Spülgasen) an.Towards the end of this section B, when the amount of gas from the melt decreases, the Shut-off device 9 'opened and the shut-off device 12' closed, so that now the Container 1 from the water ring pumps 5 and the steam jets 4 to a desired low vacuum certain size is driven. Oxygen can still be blown during this time. After When the oxygen supply is ended, the treatment steps or treatment sections C - Boil out - and E = reduce - (by introducing purge gases).

    Während dieser Behandlung im Behälter 1 wird in den VAK-Stand 2 (Behälter 1') eine weitere Pfanne 2 eingesetzt und es erfolgt eine Behandlung nach der für die erste Pfanne beschriebenen Art, d. h. es wird die Absperrvorrichtung 12 geöffnet, so daß im Behälter 1' ein mittleres Vakuum mit Hilfe der Wasserringpumpen 5' über die Rohrleitungen 10, 11 erzeugt wird.During this treatment in container 1, another pan 2 is placed in VAK stand 2 (container 1 ') used and there is a treatment in the manner described for the first pan, d. H. it will the shut-off device 12 opened so that a medium vacuum in the container 1 'with the aid of the water ring pumps 5 'is generated via the pipes 10, 11.

    Mit Abschluß der Behandlungszeit E für die erste Pfanne im Behälter 1 ist gleichzeitig die Vorbehandlung der Schmelze im Behälter 1' abgeschlossen.At the end of the treatment time E for the first pan in the container 1, the pretreatment is also carried out the melt in container 1 'is completed.

    Bei dem gewählten Beispiel wird nun die erste Schmelze in einem in Fig. 7 nicht dargestellten Konditionsierungsstand überführt und fertiggemacht. Der Behälter 1 steht jetzt für die Aufnahme einer dritten Gießpfanne zur Verfügung, während der Behälter 1' durch entsprechende Betätigung von Absperrvorrichtungen einem Tiefvakuum unterworfen werden kann.In the example chosen, the first melt is now in a form not shown in FIG Condition level transferred and finished. Container 1 is now ready to hold one third ladle available while the container 1 'by appropriate actuation of shut-off devices can be subjected to a low vacuum.

    In dem vorliegenden Beispiel werden zwar stets als Einrichtungen für die Erzeugung eines mittleren Vakuums Wasserringpumpen benutzt und für die Erzeugung des Tiefvakuums eine Kombination von Wasserringpumpen und Dampfstrahlern, jedoch kann auch für das mittlere Vakuum eine Dampfstrahlanlage entsprechender Auslegung benutzt werden.In the present example, it is true that they are always used as means for generating an average Vacuum water ring pumps are used and a combination of for generating the low vacuum Water ring pumps and steam jets, however, a steam jet system can also be used for medium vacuum appropriate interpretation can be used.

    Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung wird der Zweck verlolgt, eine höhere zeitliche Auslastung der vor- und nachgeschalteten Schmelz- und Gießeinrichtungen durch z. B. Sequenzguß beim Stranggießen bei höherer Schmelzleistung oder verringerter Größe der Ölen zu erreichen.The purpose of the solution according to the invention is to increase the time utilization of the previous and downstream melting and casting equipment by z. B. Sequence casting in continuous casting achieve higher melting capacity or reduced size of the oils.

    Die erzielten Vorteile stellen sich dar als Produktionssteigerung der Anlage bei verringerten Investitions- und Betriebskosten, einer erhöhten Auslastung der Vakuumeinrichtung und erhöhte Anpassungsmöglichkeit der VOD-Behandlungen an die Taktfolge der Schmelz- bzw. Gießeinrichtungen.The advantages achieved are shown as an increase in production of the plant with reduced investment and operating costs, increased utilization of the vacuum device and increased adaptability the VOD treatments to the cycle sequence of the melting or casting equipment.

    In Fig. 5 ist ein Zeitablaufsschema der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung unter Einbeziehung eines Elektrolichtbogenofens bzw. Konverters und einer Stranggießanlage dargestellt, wobei die Taktzeit der Vakuumanlage 55 min beträgt.In Fig. 5 is a timing diagram of the solution according to the invention including an electric arc furnace or converter and a continuous caster shown, the cycle time of the vacuum system Is 55 minutes.

    Die durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung möglichen Effekte sind der nachfolgenden Übersicht zu entnehmen mit ihren Auswirkungen auf Behandlungszeit, Produktivität bzw. Anlagengröße. Auswirkungen auf Veränderung der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung (Var. 4) gegenüber den vorbekannten Lösungen Var. 1 100 % bzw.t Var. 2 100 % bzw.t Var. 3 100 % bzw.t Behandlungszeit 37 % 50 % 54 % Produktivität 269 %/t 200 %/t 186 %/t Anlagengröße 37 t 50 t 54 t The effects possible with the solution according to the invention can be seen in the following overview with their effects on treatment time, productivity and plant size. consequences on Modification of the solution according to the invention (Var. 4) compared to the previously known solutions Var. 1 100% ort Var. 2 100% ort Var. 3 100% ort Treatment time 37% 50% 54% productivity 269% / t 200% / t 186% / t Plant size 37 t 50 t 54 t

    Dabei ist zu ergänzen, daß - gleiche Taktzeit vorausgesetzt - diese Effekte auch bei den vor- und nachgeschalteten Schmelz- und Gießeinrichtungen eintreten. Beispielsweise könnte im Vergleich mit Var. 3 (Fig. 4) bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung - gleiche Produktionshöhe vorausgesetzt - die Anlagengröße von 100 auf 54 t reduziert werden, dies sowohl im Hinblick auf Schmelzeinrichtung, Vakuum- und Stranggießanlage.It should be added that - assuming the same cycle time - these effects also with the previous and downstream melting and pouring equipment. For example, in comparison with Var. 3rd (Fig. 4) in the solution according to the invention - provided the same level of production - the size of the system be reduced from 100 to 54 t, both with regard to the melting device, vacuum and Continuous caster.

    Claims (1)

    1. A method for the secondary-metallurgical treatment of molten steel under vacuum, comprising the process steps
      1. refining the melt with simultaneous supply of oxygen (time portion B),
      2. boiling-out of the melt following the supply of oxygen (time portion C),
      3. addition of reducing agents with subsequent treatment time for degasification and desulphurisation of the melt (time portion D and E) and
      4. analysis correction and alloying (time portion F),
      in which at least one process step is effected with the simultaneous introduction of an additional gas, in particular of inert gases, into the melt and two melts are simultaneously subjected to a vacuum in two vessels, wherein the melt in one vessel, which had previously been subjected to a vacuum treatment at medium vacuum, is subjected to a deep vacuum by a means consisting of water ring pumps and steam-jet ejectors, and during this time the melt in the other vessel is subjected to a medium vacuum by means of a separate water ring pump station, the times being staggered such that at the end of the treatment time E of the melt in one vessel under deep vacuum, the pretreatment of the melt in the other vessel is finished under medium vacuum, the medium vacuum being 1 bar to 200 mbar and the deep vacuum being below 200 mbar.
    EP92250092A 1991-05-02 1992-04-23 Plant for treatment of liquid steel and process for running the same Expired - Lifetime EP0512658B2 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE4114613 1991-05-02
    DE4114613A DE4114613A1 (en) 1991-05-02 1991-05-02 PLANT FOR TREATING LIQUID STEEL AND METHOD FOR OPERATING SUCH A PLANT

    Publications (3)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0512658A1 EP0512658A1 (en) 1992-11-11
    EP0512658B1 EP0512658B1 (en) 1995-03-01
    EP0512658B2 true EP0512658B2 (en) 1998-07-01

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    US (1) US5242484A (en)
    EP (1) EP0512658B2 (en)
    JP (1) JP3387522B2 (en)
    AT (1) ATE119210T1 (en)
    DE (2) DE4114613A1 (en)
    ES (1) ES2068672T3 (en)

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    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US5520718A (en) * 1994-09-02 1996-05-28 Inland Steel Company Steelmaking degassing method
    CN103305662A (en) * 2013-05-31 2013-09-18 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 Vacuum system for vacuum melting
    CN110295269B (en) * 2019-06-21 2021-11-26 敬业钢铁有限公司 Vacuumizing method using vacuumizing device of refining furnace

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    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    DE1062432B (en) * 1957-05-11 1959-07-30 Wiegand Appbau G M B H Degassing of metal melts by means of steam jet devices
    US3467167A (en) * 1966-09-19 1969-09-16 Kaiser Ind Corp Process for continuously casting oxidizable metals
    DE2043861A1 (en) * 1970-09-04 1972-03-09 Rheinstahl AG Anlagentechnik, 4300 Essen Steel makin g - pre-heated scrap iron in electric furnaces and staged refining
    JP3125050U (en) 2006-06-26 2006-09-07 パイロットインキ株式会社 Writing instrument cap

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    JPH05148528A (en) 1993-06-15
    EP0512658A1 (en) 1992-11-11
    EP0512658B1 (en) 1995-03-01
    DE59201502D1 (en) 1995-04-06
    US5242484A (en) 1993-09-07
    DE4114613A1 (en) 1992-11-05
    ES2068672T3 (en) 1995-04-16
    DE4114613C2 (en) 1993-07-08
    ATE119210T1 (en) 1995-03-15
    JP3387522B2 (en) 2003-03-17

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