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EP0521637B2 - Dispositif et procédé de remodelage de récipients - Google Patents
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EP0521637B2 - Dispositif et procédé de remodelage de récipients - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de remodelage de récipients Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0521637B2
EP0521637B2 EP92305604A EP92305604A EP0521637B2 EP 0521637 B2 EP0521637 B2 EP 0521637B2 EP 92305604 A EP92305604 A EP 92305604A EP 92305604 A EP92305604 A EP 92305604A EP 0521637 B2 EP0521637 B2 EP 0521637B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
container
mold
double seam
reshaping
end member
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92305604A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0521637A1 (fr
EP0521637B1 (fr
Inventor
John Pawel Bilko
Stephen Robert Arnell
Andrew James Boyd
Perry Adrian Goodwin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Crown Packaging Technology Inc
Original Assignee
CarnaudMetalbox PLC
Metal Box PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=27265748&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0521637(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from GB919114444A external-priority patent/GB9114444D0/en
Application filed by CarnaudMetalbox PLC, Metal Box PLC filed Critical CarnaudMetalbox PLC
Publication of EP0521637A1 publication Critical patent/EP0521637A1/fr
Publication of EP0521637B1 publication Critical patent/EP0521637B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0521637B2 publication Critical patent/EP0521637B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/049—Deforming bodies having a closed end
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/26—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects cans or tins; Closing same in a permanent manner
    • B21D51/2669—Transforming the shape of formed can bodies; Forming can bodies from flattened tubular blanks; Flattening can bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D83/00—Containers or packages with special means for dispensing contents
    • B65D83/14—Containers for dispensing liquid or semi-liquid contents by internal gaseous pressure, i.e. aerosol containers comprising propellant
    • B65D83/38—Details of the container body

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for, and a method of, reshaping containers.
  • CH-A-388887 describes an apparatus for reshaping a hollow container comprising a body member having first and second ends, at least one of said first and second ends being open, said apparatus comprising mold having an inner surface which defines a chamber for accomodating the container, first holding means for holding the container at said first end thereof with respect to the mold, second holding means for holding the container at said second end thereof with respect to the mold means for sealing the or each open end of the container, and means for supplying a fluid under pressure to the interior of the container so as to expand the container outwardly onto the inner surface of the mold.
  • an apparatus for reshaping a hollow container comprising a body member having first and second ends; at least one of said first and second ends being open, and at least one end member being joined to the body member by a double seam
  • said apparatus comprising a mold having an inner surface which defines a chamber for accommodating the container, means for sealing the or each open end of the container, and means for supplying a fluid under pressure to the interior of the container such as to expand the container outwardly onto the inner surface of the mold, characterised by first holding means for holding the container at said first end thereof with respect to the mold, second holding means for holding the container at said second end thereof with respect to the mold; said first and second holding means being separate one from the other, and clamping means for gripping the or each double seam to prevent deformation thereof during expansion of the container; the clamping means comprising a first member for supporting one side of the or each double seam, and a second member for supporting the opposite side of the or each double seam.
  • a method of reshaping a hollow container comprising a body member having first and second ends, at least one of said first and second ends being open, said container comprising at least one end member joined to the body member by a double seam
  • said method comprising the steps of placing the container in a mold having an inner surface which defines a chamber for accommodating the container, holding the container at said first end thereof with respect to the mold, holding the container at said second end thereof with respect to the mold, sealing the or each open end of the container, supplying a fluid under pressure to the interior of the container so as to expand the container outwardly onto the inner surface of the mold, and gripping the or each double seam to prevent deformation during expansion of the container.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 there is shown an apparatus for reshaping a container.
  • the apparatus comprises a mold 10 and this is shown together with a container 12.
  • the container 12 is shown, respectively, before and after reshaping.
  • the container 12 comprises a hollow cylindrical body member 14, a closed dome-shaped member 16 joined to the lower end of the body member 14 by a double seam 17 and an open cone-shaped end member 18 joined to the upper end of body member 14 by a double seam 19.
  • the body member 14 is formed from a rectangular piece of steel sheet which is welded, in well known manner, into a cylindrical shape.
  • the end members 16 and 18 are both formed from steel sheet.
  • the various parts of the container 12 may be coated with stretchable lacquer or paint or polymer coating prior to reshaping.
  • the container 12 is destined to form part of an aerosol dispensing container. In later stages of manufacture of the container, a valve cup is crimped to the upper end of the end member 18, a valve is clinched in place inside the valve cup and the container is filled with a product to be dispensed and a suitable propellant.
  • the mold 10 is of the split type.
  • the mold 10 comprises an upper sleeve 22, an outer sleeve 24, an inner sleeve 26 and a liner 28.
  • the inner surface 29 of liner 28 defines both a chamber to receive the container 12 and also the eventual desired outer shape of the container 12 after reshaping.
  • the container 12 expands outwardly through the cavity 30 onto the inner surface 29 of liner 28.
  • the apparatus also includes a mandrel 34 which has a head 36 and a shaft 38 located inside the mold.
  • a passage 40 extends through the mandrel 34 along an axis 42 which is central both to the mandrel 34 and the mold 10.
  • the single passage 40 may be replaced by several, for example three, passages.
  • a deep groove 44 is formed in the head 36 adjacent the upper end of the shaft 38 and this groove 44 is arranged to receive the end member 18.
  • the apparatus further includes a lower clamping member 48 for clamping the lower end of the container 12 to the mold 10, and a pair of upper clamping members 50,52 for clamping the upper end of container 12 to the mold.
  • the upper sleeve 22 and the upper clamping members 50,52 are arranged so that they can slide axially with respect to the mandrel 34 and the inner sleeve 26. In order to limit their axial movement, there is provided a spacer ring 54.
  • the upper sleeve 22 and the upper clamping members 50,52 may slide freely or, preferably, be caused to slide in a controlled manner by a cam mechanism.
  • the apparatus At its lower end, the apparatus includes a support member 58, the upper surface of which is complementary to the outer surface of the dome-shaped member 16 and which is brought into engagement therewith.
  • the lower clamping member 48 engages the outer side of the double seam 17 and the support member 58 engages the inner side of the double seam 17.
  • the double seam 17 is gripped between the lower clamping member 48 and the support member 58.
  • the lower clamping member 48 has an inwardly directed rib 49 which engages the outer part of the root of the double seam 17. Consequently, the root of the double seam 17 is gripped between the lower clamping member 48 and the support member 58.
  • the support member 58 prevents the dome-shaped end member 16 from deforming during reshaping.
  • the apparatus also includes a pair of sealing rings 60,62 which together serve to seal the upper end of the container 12.
  • the clamping member 50 and the sealing ring 62 engage the container 12 at the double seam 19 between the body member 14 and the end member 18.
  • the end member 18 and the double seam 19 are prevented from deforming during reshaping.
  • the mold 10 is of the split type.
  • the upper sleeve 22, the outer sleeve 24, the inner sleeve 26 and the liner 28 are each formed in two halves.
  • the lower clamping member 48, the upper clamping members 50,52 and the spacer ring 54 are also each formed in two halves. The two halves of the mold 10 together with the associated components are mounted so that they can open to receive the container 12 and then close and lock together.
  • the two halves of the mold 10 are opened and the container 12 is placed on the mandrel 34.
  • the two halves of the mold are then closed.
  • the two halves are locked together by a locking mechanism and the locking mechanism provides the clamping force which is necessary to clamp the container 12 in position.
  • Air under pressure is then supplied from an air supply system through the passage 40 to the interior of the container 12. This creates a pressure difference across the wall of the body member 14. Consequently, the container 12 is reshaped because the body member 14 expands outwardly into engagement with the inner surface of liner 28.
  • the upper sleeve 22 and the clamping members 50,52 together with the sealing rings 60,62 slide downwardly (freely or in a controlled manner) until the clamping member 52 engages the spacer ring 54.
  • the liner 28 and clamping member 48 are arranged so as to leave a cavity 66 after reshaping. The presence of the shaft 38 of mandrel 34 inside the container 12 during reshaping reduces the amount of air that has to be supplied.
  • the reduction in the height of the container reduces thinning of the material of the body member 12 in the vicinity of its ends during reshaping. It also ensures that the body member 12 is not drawn out of the clamping members 48,50 and 52.
  • the reduction in height (negative axial strain) together with wall thinning (negative body material thickness strain) enables greater diameter expansion (positive hoop strain). Consequently, there is a saving in material.
  • Containers having a relatively large diameter can be formed by reshaping containers made from relatively thin material and with relatively small diameter ends.
  • the reduction in material thinning during reshaping also makes it easier to use anisotropic materials as well as materials with grain direction oriented axially along the wall of the body member.
  • the amount of energy required to reshape the container is reduced because the energy is expended only in circumferential stretching of the container body and not on axial stretching.
  • the apparatus described in Figures 1 and 2 also makes it possible to produce reshaped containers of various sizes and shapes from the same size and shape of container before reshaping. There is also a reduction in the number of parts that have to be changed when modifying the apparatus from producing one type of reshaped container to another type. Furthermore, stock holding of a variety of types of reshaped containers can be eliminated in favour of stock holding of a limited number of types of containers before reshaping.
  • FIGs 3 and 4 there is shown another apparatus for reshaping containers which is generally similar to that shown in Figure 1 and like parts are denoted by the same reference numerals preceded by number "1".
  • the apparatus is shown in Figures 3 and 4 with a container 12, respectively, before and after reshaping.
  • the upper sleeve 122 and the outer sleeve 124 are formed integrally. Consequently, the upper end of body member 14 does not move during reshaping.
  • the clamping member 48 of Figure 1 is replaced by clamping members 150 and 152 which are arranged for sliding axial movement inside the lower end of the inner sleeve 126. Their axial movement is limited by a spacer ring 154.
  • the lower end of the outer sleeve 124 is provided with a bearing sleeve 170 and the support member 158 is arranged to move axially inside the bearing sleeve 170 and the inner sleeve 126.
  • the support member 158 and the clamping members 150,152 may slide freely or, preferably, be caused to slide in a controlled manner by a cam mechanism.
  • the double seam 17 is gripped between the support member 158 and the clamping member 150.
  • FIGs 5 and 6 there is shown a further and preferred apparatus for reshaping containers.
  • the apparatus shown in Figures 5 and 6 is generally similar to that shown in Figure 1 and like parts are denoted by the same reference numerals preceded by number "2".
  • the apparatus is shown in Figures 5 and 6 with a container 12, respectively, before and after reshaping.
  • the upper sleeve 222 and the upper clamping members 250,252 slide along the inner surface of the liner 228.
  • the axial movement of the upper sleeve 222 is limited by a spacer ring 270.
  • a lower clamping member 272 which is guided for axial sliding movement by the outer sleeve 224 and the inner surface 229 of the liner 228.
  • the support member 258 is arranged to move together with the lower clamping member 258.
  • the double seam 17 is gripped between the lower clamping member 272 and the support member 258.
  • the lower clamping member 272 has an inwardly directed rib 274 and the root of the double seam 17 is gripped between the rib 274 and the support member 258.
  • the upper clamping members 250,252 and the lower clamping member 272 move inwardly and towards each other during reshaping of the container 12.
  • each apparatus may be used to reshape a container of the type comprising a hollow container body having a rectangular cross-section, a closed end member, and an open end member which is provided with a screwthread for receiving a threaded cap.
  • Each apparatus may be used for reshaping a container of the type in which the closed end member and the body member are formed integrally by a drawing process.
  • the air supply system comprises a three stage compressor 300 which supplies compressed air to an accumulator 302.
  • the output of the accumulator 302 is connected through an adjustable restrictor 304, a solenoid operated valve 306 and a one-way valve 308 to the mandrel 34.
  • the mandrel is also connected through a one-way valve 310 and a solenoid operated valve 312 to the input of compressor 300.
  • valve 306 is opened and the container 12 is subjected to a pressure of, for example 50-60 bar, so that it takes up its shape inside the mold 10.
  • the valve 306 is then closed and the valve 312 is opened so as to return the compressed air to the compressor 300.
  • Air represents a particularly convenient type of fluid for reshaping containers. However, it is to be appreciated other types of fluid may be used in place of air.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Supplying Of Containers To The Packaging Station (AREA)
  • Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Closing Of Containers (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Dispositif pour remodeler un récipient creux (12) comprenant un corps (14) présentant une première et une seconde extrémités (16, 18) ; au moins l'une (18) desdites première et seconde extrémités étant ouverte, et au moins un élément d'extrémité (16, 18) étant joint au corps (14) par un double pli (17, 19), ledit dispositif comprenant un moule (10) présentant une surface interne (29) qui définit une chambre permettant de recevoir le récipient (12), un moyen (60, 62) permettant de fermer hermétiquement la ou chaque extrémité ouverte du récipient, et un moyen (34) permettant d'alimenter l'intérieur du récipient en fluide sous pression de telle façon que ce fluide dilate le récipient vers l'extérieur jusqu'à la surface interne (29) du moule, caractérisé par un premier moyen de maintien (50, 52) permettant de maintenir le récipient (12) sur ladite première extrémité de celui-ci par rapport au moule, un second moyen de maintien (48) permettant de maintenir le récipient au niveau de la seconde extrémité de celui-ci par rapport au moule ; lesdits premier et second moyens de maintien étant séparés l'un de l'autre, et un moyen de serrage (50, 62 ; 48, 58) permettant de saisir le ou chaque double pli (17, 19) afin d'empêcher la déformation de celui-ci lors de la dilatation du récipient (12) ; le moyen de serrage comprenant un premier élément (22, 48) permettant de supporter un côté du ou de chaque double pli, et un second élément (36, 58) permettant de supporter l'autre côté du ou de chaque double pli.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, comportant un moyen (58) permettant de supporter la surface externe d'un élément d'extrémité fermé (16) joint au récipient de façon à empêcher la déformation dudit élément d'extrémité fermé lorsque le récipient (12) se dilate vers l'extérieur jusqu'à la surface interne du moule (10).
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel au moins l'un desdits premier et second moyens de maintien est agencé de façon à se déplacer vers l'intérieur, en direction de l'autre moyen de maintien, lorsque le récipient se dilate.
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, dans lequel les deux moyens de maintien sont agencés de façon à se déplacer vers l'intérieur, en direction l'un de l'autre, lorsque le récipient (12) se dilate vers l'extérieur.
  5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel au moins l'un desdits premier et second moyens de maintien est agencé de façon à coulisser vers l'intérieur le long de la surface interne du moule (29) en direction de l'autre moyen de maintien lorsque le récipient se dilate vers l'extérieur.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, dans lequel les deux moyens de maintien sont agencés de façon à coulisser vers l'intérieur le long de la surface interne du moule (29) en direction l'un de l'autre, lorsque le récipient (12) se dilate vers l'extérieur.
  7. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant un mandrin (34) situé dans la chambre et présentant un passage (40) formé dans celui-ci afin d'alimenter en fluide l'intérieur du récipient.
  8. Procédé de remodelage d'un récipient creux (12) comprenant un corps (14) ayant une première et une seconde extrémités (16,18), dont l'une (18) au moins desdites première et seconde extrémités est ouverte, ledit récipient (12) comprenant au moins un élément d'extrémité relié au corps (14) par un double pli (17,19), ledit procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à placer le récipient dans un moule dont la surface interne définit une chambre pour recevoir le récipient (12), à maintenir le récipient (12) par rapport au moule (10) au niveau de ladite première extrémité, à maintenir le récipient (12) par rapport au moule (10) au niveau de ladite seconde extrémité, à fermer hermétiquement la ou chaque extrémité ouverte du récipient (12), à injecter un fluide sous pression à l'intérieur du récipient (12) de façon à dilater le récipient vers l'extérieur jusqu'à la surface interne du moule (10), et à serrer le ou chaque double pli pour éviter la déformation pendant la dilatation du récipient.
  9. Procédé de remodelage d'un récipient creux selon la revendication 8, dans lequel l'extrémité du récipient (12) contient un élément d'extrémité ouvert (18) relié au corps (14) par un double pli (17,19) au niveau de ladite première extrémité du récipient (12), dans lequel le récipient (12) est serré et fermé hermétiquement au voisinage du double pli (17,19) entre ledit élément d'extrémité ouvert (18) et le corps (14) du récipient, de façon à pouvoir ainsi mettre en oeuvre ladite étape consistant à serrer le double pli (17,19) entre ledit élément d'extrémité ouvert (18) et le corps (14) du récipient pour éviter la déformation pendant la dilatation du récipient.
  10. Procédé de remodelage d'un récipient creux selon la revendication 8 ou la revendication 9, dans lequel l'extrémité du récipient comporte un élément d'extrémité fermé (16) relié au corps (14) par un double pli (49) au niveau de ladite seconde extrémité du récipient, et où, dans ladite étape consistant à maintenir ladite seconde extrémité du récipient, les parois du double pli (49) entre ledit élément d'extrémité fermé (16) et le corps (14) du récipient sont serrées ensemble, de façon à mettre en oeuvre ladite étape consistant à serrer le double pli (49) entre ledit élément extrémité fermé (16) et le corps (14) du récipient pour éviter la déformation pendant la dilatation du récipient (12).
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, comprenant l'étape consistant à supporter la surface d'extrémité externe dudit élément d'extrémité fermé (16) du récipient, de façon à éviter la déformation dudit élément d'extrémité fermé (16) lorsque le récipient se dilate vers l'extérieur jusqu'à la surface interne du moule (10).
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 11, comprenant l'étape consistant à autoriser au moins une extrémité du moule (10) à se déplacer à l'intérieur vers l'autre extrémité pendant que le récipient (12) se dilate vers l'extérieur jusqu'à la surface interne du moule (10).
EP92305604A 1991-07-04 1992-06-18 Dispositif et procédé de remodelage de récipients Expired - Lifetime EP0521637B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB919114444A GB9114444D0 (en) 1991-07-04 1991-07-04 Apparatus and method for reshaping containers
GB9114444 1991-07-04
GB9212687 1992-06-15
GB9212687A GB2257073B (en) 1991-07-04 1992-06-15 Apparatus and method for reshaping containers
SG137394A SG137394G (en) 1991-07-04 1994-09-27 Apparatus and method for reshaping containers

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0521637A1 EP0521637A1 (fr) 1993-01-07
EP0521637B1 EP0521637B1 (fr) 1994-08-10
EP0521637B2 true EP0521637B2 (fr) 1997-09-03

Family

ID=27265748

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92305604A Expired - Lifetime EP0521637B2 (fr) 1991-07-04 1992-06-18 Dispositif et procédé de remodelage de récipients

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0521637B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE109695T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69200315T3 (fr)
DK (1) DK0521637T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2057961T5 (fr)
GB (1) GB2257073B (fr)
GR (1) GR3025278T3 (fr)
HK (1) HK136394A (fr)
SG (1) SG137394G (fr)

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EP2366472A1 (fr) 2010-02-23 2011-09-21 Impress Group B.V. Pré-conteneur métallique, conteneur métallique formé par soufflage
EP2359953B1 (fr) 2010-02-23 2017-08-09 Ardagh MP Group Netherlands B.V. Procédé de soufflage d'un pré-conteneur en un conteneur métallique
EP2592011A1 (fr) 2011-11-08 2013-05-15 Crown Packaging Technology, Inc Récipient et bouchon
EP2859966A1 (fr) * 2013-10-08 2015-04-15 Ardagh MP Group Netherlands B.V. Récipient métallique façonné et son procédé de fabrication
RU2684130C1 (ru) * 2017-12-06 2019-04-04 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "ИРНИТУ") Способ формообразования эластичной средой листовых деталей с элементами типа "подсечка"
RU2733613C1 (ru) * 2019-10-25 2020-10-05 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет" Способ пневмотермической формовки листовой заготовки

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GB8820585D0 (en) * 1988-08-31 1988-09-28 Metal Box Plc Pneumatic reshaping of cans

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DE69200315T3 (de) 1997-11-27
DE69200315T2 (de) 1994-12-01
ES2057961T5 (es) 1997-10-16
DE69200315D1 (de) 1994-09-15
ES2057961T3 (es) 1994-10-16
GB2257073A (en) 1993-01-06
DK0521637T3 (da) 1994-09-26
HK136394A (en) 1994-12-09
EP0521637A1 (fr) 1993-01-07
GB2257073B (en) 1994-02-23
EP0521637B1 (fr) 1994-08-10
GR3025278T3 (en) 1998-02-27
SG137394G (en) 1995-01-13
GB9212687D0 (en) 1992-07-29
ATE109695T1 (de) 1994-08-15

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