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EP0670960B2 - Piston-cylinder assembly of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
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EP0670960B2 - Piston-cylinder assembly of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Piston-cylinder assembly of an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0670960B2
EP0670960B2 EP93921822A EP93921822A EP0670960B2 EP 0670960 B2 EP0670960 B2 EP 0670960B2 EP 93921822 A EP93921822 A EP 93921822A EP 93921822 A EP93921822 A EP 93921822A EP 0670960 B2 EP0670960 B2 EP 0670960B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
cylinder
cylinder assembly
working
assembly according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93921822A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0670960A1 (en
EP0670960B1 (en
Inventor
Christoph Hannig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle GmbH
Original Assignee
Mahle GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Mahle GmbH filed Critical Mahle GmbH
Publication of EP0670960A1 publication Critical patent/EP0670960A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0670960B1 publication Critical patent/EP0670960B1/en
Publication of EP0670960B2 publication Critical patent/EP0670960B2/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/10—Pistons  having surface coverings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
    • F05C2201/0448—Steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • F05C2203/0865—Oxide ceramics
    • F05C2203/0882—Carbon, e.g. graphite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a piston-cylinder device an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1, as known from MTZ Motortechnische Zeitschrift 34 (1973), pages 49 to 51.
  • piston-cylinder pairings of these known Type is the piston running layer regularly metallic and applied galvanically.
  • From US-A-3,935,797 is for example one Piston-cylinder device known in which the cylinder tread through a cylinder liner made of aluminum alloy is formed and in which the piston from a Aluminum alloy is the basic material and on at least 80% of its tread with a running layer is provided, which layer consists of iron.
  • Such a piston-cylinder device with a Cylinder barrel made of an aluminum alloy and a coated piston is also from JP-A-01 253 553 known.
  • the invention is based on this with the problem of an overall more economical to produce To create piston-piston ring-cylinder construction.
  • the R a value specified in the claims is a value determined according to the ISO standard and denotes the arithmetic average value of the peak heights of the surface peaks forming the roughness.
  • the piston-cylinder pairing according to the invention should be used in particular in internal combustion engines for lawn mowers, brush cutters, brushcutters and stationary engines.
  • JP-A-41 89 465 which is a cylinder block with a tread roughness of 0.8-1.2 microns affects as well to EP-A-0466 978, in the as coating composition for a piston a mixture of graphite powder and one Resin is provided, and on JP-A-63 289 373, from which a steel piston ring is known.
  • the piston 1 has a diameter of approximately 42 mm and is in a cylinder 2 of a two-stroke engine guided.
  • the base material of the piston consists of an aluminum-silicon alloy with the following composition, given in percent by weight: Si 17-19 Cu 0.8-1.5 mg 0.8-1.3 Ni 0.8-1.3 Fe less than or equal to 0.7 Mn less than or equal to 0.2 Ti less than or equal to 0.2 Zn less than / equal to 0.3 AI rest
  • Running layer 4 can be on the above the only one here Piston ring groove 5 lying top land area of the piston 1 be applied.
  • the running layers 3, 4 have both in the shaft valley a thickness of approximately also in the top land area 20 microns.
  • the structure and composition of the running layers 3,4 are as follows.
  • the layer in question is after that on this Field known screen printing applied.
  • the gratit is in curable Integrated polyimide as a binder.
  • the Graphite content within the hardened layer is about 40 weight percent.
  • a solvent for example N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) can be.
  • NMP N-methyl-pyrrolidone
  • the proportion of the solvent in the layer starting material to be applied is about 50 percent by weight.
  • the particle size of the graphite incorporated in the layer lies between 1 and 10 microns.
  • the in the screen printing process applied layer is at about 200 ° C cured for about 15 minutes.
  • the material forming the counter-race of the cylinder 1 is an aluminum alloy with the following composition, given in percent by weight. Si 16.0 ... 18.0 mg 0.4 ... 0.7 Cu 4.0 ... 5.0 Fe less than or equal to 0.7 AI rest
  • the piston ring 6 inserted into the piston ring groove 5 consists of an STD material of the following composition, given in weight percent: C 3.5-3.9 P 0.3-0.6 Cu maximum 0.5 Si 2.4 - 3.1 S 0.15 maximum Mn 0.5-0.9 Cr maximum 0.4 rest Fe
  • the tread geometry of the piston ring 6 is crowned.
  • Such a piston ring is for the one used here Dimension of 42 mm x 1.5 mm determined by the German standard DIN 70910 DI T1 B.
  • the piston-cylinder device described above with a piston of a diameter of about 42 mm is used for a performance range in the order of about 20-40 kilowatts / liter certainly.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Abstract

In a piston-cylinder assembly of an internal combustion engine, especially a two-stroke engine, at least the piston-sliding surface of the cylinder is made of an aluminium alloy. Moreover, the basic material of the piston (1) is an alluminium alloy and at least 80 % of its sliding surface is given a sliding coating (3, 4). The sliding coating (3, 4) on the piston (1) is usually metallic and galvanically applied. The aim is to provide an economically producible piston coating with properties at least as good as those of the former galvanically applied coatings. To this end the cylinder sliding surface has a roughness Ra of less than 1 mu m, while the piston sliding surface consist of resin-bound graphite. The piston rings (6) are made of cast iron or steel and have a convex sliding surface.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kolben-Zylinder-Vorrichtung eines Verbrennungsmotors nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1, wie aus der MTZ Motortechnische Zeitschrift 34 (1973), Seiten 49 bis 51 bekannt.The invention relates to a piston-cylinder device an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1, as known from MTZ Motortechnische Zeitschrift 34 (1973), pages 49 to 51.

Bei Kolben-Zylinder-Paarungen dieser bekannten Art ist die Kolbenlaufschicht regelmäßig metallischer Art und galvanisch aufgebracht.In piston-cylinder pairings of these known Type is the piston running layer regularly metallic and applied galvanically.

Aus der US-A-3,935,797 ist beispielsweise eine Kolben-Zylinder-Vorrichtung bekannt, bei der die Zylinderlauffläche durch eine Zylinderbuchse aus Aluminiumlegierung gebildet ist und bei der der Kolben aus einer Aluminiumlegierung als Grundmaterial besteht und auf zumindest 80% seiner Lauffläche mit einer Laufschicht versehen ist, wobei diese Schicht aus Eisen besteht.From US-A-3,935,797 is for example one Piston-cylinder device known in which the cylinder tread through a cylinder liner made of aluminum alloy is formed and in which the piston from a Aluminum alloy is the basic material and on at least 80% of its tread with a running layer is provided, which layer consists of iron.

Eine derartige Kolben-Zylinder-Vorrichtung mit einer Zylinderlauffläche aus einer Aluminiumlegierung und einem beschichteten Kolben ist auch aus der JP-A-01 253 553 bekannt.Such a piston-cylinder device with a Cylinder barrel made of an aluminum alloy and a coated piston is also from JP-A-01 253 553 known.

Hiervon ausgehend beschäftigt sich die Erfindung mit dem Problem, eine insgesamt wirtschaftlicher erzeugbare Kolben-Kulbenring-Zylinder-Konstruktion zu schaffen.The invention is based on this with the problem of an overall more economical to produce To create piston-piston ring-cylinder construction.

Eine Lösung dieses Problems gibt die Lehre nach dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 an.The teaching gives way to a solution to this problem the characterizing part of claim 1.

Weitere zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.Further expedient refinements are the subject of subclaims.

Der in den Ansprüchen angegebene Ra-Wert ist ein nach der ISO-Norm festgelegter Wert und bezeichnet den arithmetischen Durchschnittswert der Spitzenhöhen der die Rauhheit bildenden Oberflächenspitzen.The R a value specified in the claims is a value determined according to the ISO standard and denotes the arithmetic average value of the peak heights of the surface peaks forming the roughness.

Die erfindungsgemäße Kolben-Zylinder-Paarung soll insbesondere Anwendung finden bei Verbrennungsmotoren für Rasenmäher, Freischneider, Motorsensen und Stationärmotoren.The piston-cylinder pairing according to the invention should be used in particular in internal combustion engines for lawn mowers, brush cutters, brushcutters and stationary engines.

Zum Stand der Technik ist noch hinzuweisen auf die JP-A-41 89 465, die einen Zylinderblock mit einer Laufflächenrauhheit von 0,8 - 1,2 Mikrometer betrifft sowie auf die EP-A-0466 978, in der als Beschichtungsmasse für einen Kolben eine Mischung aus Grafitpulver und einem Harz vorgesehen ist, und auf die JP-A-63 289 373, aus der ein Kolbenring aus Stahl bekannt ist.Regarding the state of the art, reference should also be made to the JP-A-41 89 465, which is a cylinder block with a tread roughness of 0.8-1.2 microns affects as well to EP-A-0466 978, in the as coating composition for a piston a mixture of graphite powder and one Resin is provided, and on JP-A-63 289 373, from which a steel piston ring is known.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt, die einen Schnitt durch eine Kolben-Zylinder-Paarung zeigt.An embodiment is shown in the drawing, a section through a piston-cylinder pairing shows.

Der Kolben 1 besitzt einen Durchmesser von etwa 42 mm und ist in einem Zylinder 2 eines Zweitakt-Motors geführt.The piston 1 has a diameter of approximately 42 mm and is in a cylinder 2 of a two-stroke engine guided.

Das Grundmaterial des Kolbens besteht aus einer Aluminium-Silizium-Legierung folgender in Gewichtsprozent angegebener Zusammensetzung: Si 17-19 Cu 0,8-1,5 Mg 0,8-1,3 Ni 0,8-1,3 Fe kleiner/gleich 0,7 Mn kleiner/gleich 0,2 Ti kleiner/gleich 0,2 Zn kleiner/gleich 0,3 AI Rest The base material of the piston consists of an aluminum-silicon alloy with the following composition, given in percent by weight: Si 17-19 Cu 0.8-1.5 mg 0.8-1.3 Ni 0.8-1.3 Fe less than or equal to 0.7 Mn less than or equal to 0.2 Ti less than or equal to 0.2 Zn less than / equal to 0.3 AI rest

Auf die in Druck- und Gegendruckrichtung gegenüberliegenden Tragbereiche des Kolbenschaftes sind jeweils eine Laufschicht 3 aus in Harz gebundenem Grafit aufgebracht. Eine entsprechende zusätzliche Laufschicht 4 kann auf den oberhalb der hier einzigen Kolbenringnut 5 liegenden Feuerstegbereich des Kolbens 1 aufgebracht sein.On the opposite in the pressure and counter pressure direction Support areas of the piston skirt are each a running layer 3 made of resin bound Graphite applied. A corresponding additional Running layer 4 can be on the above the only one here Piston ring groove 5 lying top land area of the piston 1 be applied.

Auf die Laufschicht 4 im Feuerstegbereich kann gegebenenfalls auch verzichtet werden.If necessary, on the running layer 4 in the top land area also be dispensed with.

Bei Vorhandensein mehrerer Ringnuten 5 können auch die einzelnen Ringstege beschichtet sein.In the presence of several ring grooves 5 can the individual ring webs should also be coated.

Die Laufschichten 3, 4 besitzen sowohl im Schaftals auch im Feuerstegbereich jeweils eine Dicke von etwa 20 Mikrometer.The running layers 3, 4 have both in the shaft valley a thickness of approximately also in the top land area 20 microns.

Der Aufbau und die Zusammensetzung der Laufschichten 3,4 sind wie folgt.The structure and composition of the running layers 3,4 are as follows.

Die betreffende Schicht wird nach dem auf diesem Gebiet bekannten Siebdruckverfahren aufgebracht.The layer in question is after that on this Field known screen printing applied.

Innerhalb der Laufschichten ist das Gratit in aushärtbarem Polyimid als Bindemittel eingebunden. Der Grafitgehalt innerhalb der ausgehärteten Schicht beträgt etwa 40 Gewichtsprozent. In dem zur Erzeugung der Schicht im Siebdruckverfahren aufzutragenden Material befindet sich ein Lösemittel, das beispielsweise N-Methyl-Pyrrolidon (NMP) sein kann. Der Anteil des Lösemittels in dem aufzutragenden Schichtausgangsmaterial liegt bei etwa 50 Gewichtsprozent. Die Partikelgröße des in der Schicht eingebundenen Grafits liegt zwischen 1 und 10 Mikrometer. Die in dem Siebdruckverfahren aufgetragene Schicht wird bei etwa 200°C über etwa 15 Minuten ausgehärtet.Within the running layers, the gratit is in curable Integrated polyimide as a binder. The Graphite content within the hardened layer is about 40 weight percent. In the generation the layer to be applied using the screen printing process there is a solvent, for example N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) can be. The proportion of the solvent in the layer starting material to be applied is about 50 percent by weight. The particle size of the graphite incorporated in the layer lies between 1 and 10 microns. The in the screen printing process applied layer is at about 200 ° C cured for about 15 minutes.

Das die Gegenlaufbahn des Zylinders 1 bildende Material ist eine Aluminiumlegierung folgender in Gewichtsprozenten angegebener Zusammensetzung. Si 16,0 ... 18,0 Mg 0,4 ... 0,7 Cu 4,0 ... 5,0 Fe kleiner/gleich 0,7 AI Rest The material forming the counter-race of the cylinder 1 is an aluminum alloy with the following composition, given in percent by weight. Si 16.0 ... 18.0 mg 0.4 ... 0.7 Cu 4.0 ... 5.0 Fe less than or equal to 0.7 AI rest

Die Lauffläche des Zylinders 2 ist feingebohrt und besitzt eine Rauhigkeit von Ra = max. 0,3 Mikrometer.The running surface of cylinder 2 is finely bored and has a roughness of R a = max. 0.3 microns.

Der in die Kolbenringnut 5 eingesetzte Kolbenring 6 besteht aus einem STD - Material folgender in Gewichtsprozenten angegebener Zusammensetzung: C 3,5-3,9 P 0,3-0,6 Cu maximal 0,5 Si 2,4 - 3,1 S maximal 0,15 Mn 0,5-0,9 Cr maximal 0,4 Rest Fe The piston ring 6 inserted into the piston ring groove 5 consists of an STD material of the following composition, given in weight percent: C 3.5-3.9 P 0.3-0.6 Cu maximum 0.5 Si 2.4 - 3.1 S 0.15 maximum Mn 0.5-0.9 Cr maximum 0.4 rest Fe

Die Laufflächengeometrie des Kolbenringes 6 ist ballig. Ein solcher Kolbenring ist für die hier eingesetzte Abmessung von 42 mm x 1,5 mm festgelegt durch die deutsche Norm DIN 70910 DI T1 B.The tread geometry of the piston ring 6 is crowned. Such a piston ring is for the one used here Dimension of 42 mm x 1.5 mm determined by the German standard DIN 70910 DI T1 B.

Die vorstehend beschriebene Kolben-Zylinder-Einrichtung mit einem Kolben eines Durchmessers von etwa 42 mm ist zum Einsatz für einen Leistungsbereich in der Größenordnung von etwa 20 - 40 Kilowatt/Liter bestimmt.The piston-cylinder device described above with a piston of a diameter of about 42 mm is used for a performance range in the order of about 20-40 kilowatts / liter certainly.

Claims (9)

  1. A piston-cylinder assembly of an internal combustion engine, particularly a two-stroke engine, wherein at least the working surfaces of the cylinder consist of an aluminium alloy and in which furthermore the piston (1) consists of an aluminium alloy as the basic material and has a working coating (3, 4) over at least 80% of its working surfaces and in which the piston comprises at least one piston ring (6), wherein said at least one piston ring (6) consists of steel or cast metal,
    characterised in that
    a) the cylinder working surface has a roughness of Ra ≤ 0,3 µm,
    b) the working coating (3, 4) of the piston is resin-bonded graphite,
    c) the piston ring (6) is a barrel-shaped working surface,
    d) the working surface of the cylinder is finely bored.
  2. A piston-cylinder assembly according to claim 1, characterised in that the aluminium alloy constituting the working surfaces of the cylinder is an aluminium silicon alloy with a silicon content of > 8% by weight.
  3. A piston-cylinder assembly according to claim 1, characterised in that the aluminium alloy constituting the working surfaces of the cylinder is an Al-Si-Zn alloy in which the silicon part is > 5% by weight while the Zn part is > 2% by weight.
  4. A piston-cylinder assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the working coating of the piston has a thickness of between 10 and 20 microns.
  5. A piston-cylinder assembly according to claim 4, characterised in that in the working coating of the piston, the graphic particles are present in a size of between 1 and 10 microns and preferably between 1 and 5 microns.
  6. A piston-cylinder assembly according to claim 5, characterised in that the graphite fraction is between 30 and 60% and preferably between 40 and 60%.
  7. A piston-cylinder assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the binder with which the graphic particles are bonded in the working coating of the piston is hardenable polyimide.
  8. A piston-cylinder assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the temperature for hardening the working coating of the piston is 150 to 200°C and that the hardening process takes place over a period of between 10 and 30 minutes.
  9. A piston-cylinder assembly according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the basic aluminium material of the piston is an aluminium-silicon alloy.
EP93921822A 1992-11-28 1993-10-12 Piston-cylinder assembly of an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0670960B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4240050 1992-11-28
DE4240050A DE4240050A1 (en) 1992-11-28 1992-11-28 Piston-cylinder device of an internal combustion engine
PCT/DE1993/000977 WO1994012783A1 (en) 1992-11-28 1993-10-12 Piston-cylinder assembly of an internal combustion engine

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0670960A1 EP0670960A1 (en) 1995-09-13
EP0670960B1 EP0670960B1 (en) 1996-07-17
EP0670960B2 true EP0670960B2 (en) 2002-06-05

Family

ID=6473890

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93921822A Expired - Lifetime EP0670960B2 (en) 1992-11-28 1993-10-12 Piston-cylinder assembly of an internal combustion engine

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5560283A (en)
EP (1) EP0670960B2 (en)
JP (1) JPH08503528A (en)
DE (2) DE4240050A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1994012783A1 (en)

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DE59303279D1 (en) 1996-08-22
EP0670960A1 (en) 1995-09-13
DE4240050A1 (en) 1994-06-01
US5560283A (en) 1996-10-01
JPH08503528A (en) 1996-04-16
EP0670960B1 (en) 1996-07-17

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