EP0674135B2 - Gas burners for industrial furnaces - Google Patents
Gas burners for industrial furnaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0674135B2 EP0674135B2 EP95400603A EP95400603A EP0674135B2 EP 0674135 B2 EP0674135 B2 EP 0674135B2 EP 95400603 A EP95400603 A EP 95400603A EP 95400603 A EP95400603 A EP 95400603A EP 0674135 B2 EP0674135 B2 EP 0674135B2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- burner
- holes
- series
- air
- gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
- F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
- F23D14/24—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other at least one of the fluids being submitted to a swirling motion
Definitions
- the invention relates to a gas burner, of the type used in industrial ovens, for example in furnaces for heating steel products, such as slab ovens, or heat treatment ovens, etc ...
- burners are high power burners, of the order of 1000 to 6000 therms or more, supplied in particular in steel gas (mixed gas, coke oven gas ...) under low pressure ( ⁇ 1 bar).
- burners of this type which generally have multiple channels fuel gas concentric and air, opening at the level of the burner nose, downstream from which combustion takes place.
- burners with a central supply channel in combustible gas, surrounded by two annular channels concentric air supply we know also other burners, studied to improve the mixture of combustible and oxidizing gases, and therefore the combustion, in which the combustible gas reaches the burner nose through an annular channel located between a channel central and a peripheral annular canal, these two channels for the supply of combustion air.
- the object of the invention is therefore to reduce the level of nitrogen oxide in the combustion gases, while ensuring good combustion and a good flame structure , and this despite the variations in power which may be necessary during the implementation of burners.
- the invention has for object a gas burner, as described in claim 1.
- the combination of the divergent flow of combustion gases and the swirling flow of combustion air leads, when these two flows meet near the burner nose, to a strong mixing of the gas and the air and therefore homogenization of the mixture and improved combustion.
- the gas jets coming from the gas outlet orifices and directed towards the outside tend to widen the flame by giving it a flared, cup-shaped shape of small thickness, the high temperature zone of the flame being formed only by the wall of this cup.
- the residence time of the combustion products in this high temperature zone is reduced, compared to a more concentrated flame which defines a high temperature zone in the form of a substantially cylindrical full volume, in which the combustion products combustion stay longer.
- the burner nose comprises, at the center of the first series of gas passage orifices, a part protruding outwards from the burner , relative to the substantially planar front surface, perpendicular to the axis of the burner, where open the said first and second series of orifices.
- This protruding part prevents the recirculation of the combustion products, which would disturb the gas outlet, to occur in the immediate vicinity of the gas orifices. On the other hand, it promotes this recirculation at a greater distance from the burner nose, which tends to rapidly remove the combustion products from the zone at high temperature, and therefore to further reduce the amount of nitrogen oxides formed. .
- the burner 1 comprises a supply box 2 in combustible gas and air, formed of a channel central gas supply 3, oriented in the direction axial X of the burner, surrounded by a first annular channel 4 for air intake, and a second annular channel 5 device also supplied with air. These three channels coaxials are supplied with gas respectively and in air through respective supply conduits 6, 7, 8.
- the burner 1 also includes a nose 10, also called a diffuser, generally made in one ceramic material.
- the nose 10 consists of a plate 11 thick covering the axial ends of the different channels ensuring sealing between them, and which is inserted in a housing fitted out in the internal lining of the furnace 12, while being maintained there by fixing means, not shown, on the wall 13 from the oven.
- the front of the burner nose has a flat front surface 17 into which the orifices 14 for the passage of gas and the orifices 15, and a peripheral annular part, 18 prominent relative to to the said front surface, on the surface of which open the holes 16.
- the gas passage orifices 14 are inclined relative to the axial direction X of the burner, forming with it an angle ⁇ between 15 and 25 °.
- the air passage openings 15 are made so that the axis of each hole is located in a plane parallel to the axial direction of the burner and tangent to circle C2, and inclined in this plane, by an angle ⁇ from 15 to 25 ° with respect to said axial direction (see figure 2).
- the orifices 15 are therefore oriented in a helix, so that the air flow which escapes from it has a movement of rotation around the X axis of the burner.
- the orifices 16 are inclined by an angle ⁇ between 0 ° and 10 ° from the axis and preferably about 5 °. A too steep angle leads in fact to a shortening flame such as, in some cases, elements or furnace components near the burner may undergo too high a temperature rise.
- the burner nose has, in its part central, between the orifices 14, a frustoconical part 19 protruding from the front surface 17, the trunk of cone having its large base at the level of this frontal surface. Between the frusto-conical part 19 and the part protruding 18 is thus formed an annular groove 20 of trapezoidal section, into which open the gas passage orifices 14 and the orifices 15 of the first series of air passage orifices.
- the orifices 14 for passage gases emerge at the front surface 17 in a angular position intermediate between the outlets of two adjacent air passage orifices 15 (FIG. 3).
- the swirling air flow coming from the orifices 15 intersects the gas flow from the orifices 14 nearby direct from the front surface 17, thus creating a strong mixing of gas and air, and therefore a homogeneous mixture ensuring very good combustion.
- the inclination of the passage openings 14 gas causes the air-gas mixture to tend to form a curtain in the form of a flared cup, in which the temperature due to combustion is maximum.
- the central zone of this section in the axis of the burner, is relatively clear and allows downstream of the burner a recirculation of the combustion products which can quickly leave the hottest area, which, as mentioned above, is favorable for reducing the level of nitrogen oxide formed.
- the orifices 16 for peripheral air passage have a chamfer on the side of the supply channel conical 21, with an angle at the apex close to 30 °, which widens the entrance to these holes and has the effect of reducing pressure losses in the circuit formed by the channel peripheral 5 and the said orifices, and therefore to increase, at constant pressure, the air outlet speed.
- the distribution of the air flow rates in the annular 4 and peripheral 5 channels makes it possible to adjust the length of the flame as required. Indeed, for a given total air flow, for example 3900 Nm 3 / h, in the case of a burner supplying 3500 therms / hour, if this flow is distributed between the two channels 4 and 5 and therefore between the two series of orifices 15 and 16, for example 1900 Nm 3 / h for the peripheral air (passing through orifices 16) and 2000 Nm 3 / h for the central air (passing through orifices 15) the speeds at the outlet of these orifices are substantially equal, of the order of 95 m / s. Under these conditions, combustion will start, as indicated above, in the immediate vicinity of the nose 10, and a short flame will be obtained.
- the speed air ejected through these orifices will be significant, for example of 170 m / s.
- This high speed allows to train ambient combustion products (more cold) and thus create a natural recirculation on the periphery of the flame, which limits production NOx.
- the combustion will occur further away from the nose of the burner, because the gas will not meet the peripheral air that relatively far from the burner, and secondly, it will continue away from the burner, due to the high speed air, thus forming a long flame.
- an intermediate length flame can be obtained by adapting correctly the ratio of air flows between central air and air peripheral.
- the central air flow will however be limited to no more than 50% of the total air flow to avoid a too short flame whose hot point is too close to the oven wall or the side members slab support.
- the invention makes it possible to obtain very good combustion and low content nitrogen oxide from combustion products.
- the air flows are improved, especially compared to conventional arrangements where air enters the channels in a radial direction and hits the walls facing the incoming pipe before dividing into the canals.
- the finish side is determined to cause air rotation in channel 4 in the same direction that the rotation induced by the inclination of the orifices 15 of the burner nose.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Gas Burners (AREA)
- Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne un brûleur à gaz, du type utilisé dans des fours industriels, par exemple dans des fours de réchauffage de produits sidérurgiques, tels que des fours à brames, ou des fours de traitements thermiques, etc...The invention relates to a gas burner, of the type used in industrial ovens, for example in furnaces for heating steel products, such as slab ovens, or heat treatment ovens, etc ...
Ces brûleurs sont des brûleurs de forte puissance, de l'ordre de 1000 à 6000 thermies ou plus, alimentés en particulier en gaz sidérurgique (gaz mixte, gaz de fours à coke...) sous faible pression (< 1 bar).These burners are high power burners, of the order of 1000 to 6000 therms or more, supplied in particular in steel gas (mixed gas, coke oven gas ...) under low pressure (<1 bar).
On connaít déjà différents brûleurs de ce type, qui comportent de manière générale plusieurs canaux concentriques d'alimentation en gaz combustibles et en air, débouchant au niveau du nez du brûleur, en aval duquel se produit la combustion. Par exemple, on connaít des brûleurs comportant un canal central d'alimentation en gaz combustible, entouré par deux canaux annulaires concentriques d'alimentation en air. On connaít également d'autres brûleurs, étudiés pour améliorer le mélange des gaz combustible et comburant, et donc la combustion, dans lesquels le gaz combustible arrive au nez du brûleur par un canal annulaire situé entre un canal central et un canal annulaire périphérique, ces deux canaux servant à l'alimentation en air comburant.We already know different burners of this type, which generally have multiple channels fuel gas concentric and air, opening at the level of the burner nose, downstream from which combustion takes place. For example, we know burners with a central supply channel in combustible gas, surrounded by two annular channels concentric air supply. We know also other burners, studied to improve the mixture of combustible and oxidizing gases, and therefore the combustion, in which the combustible gas reaches the burner nose through an annular channel located between a channel central and a peripheral annular canal, these two channels for the supply of combustion air.
Mais les brûleurs industriels actuels produisent par combustion des gaz ayant des teneurs élevées en oxyde d'azote NOx, notamment supérieures à 300 ppm pour une teneur en oxygène de l'ordre de 2 % dans les fumées, ce qui est un inconvénient dans la plupart des fours, ainsi que pour l'environnement, ces oxydes d'azote étant rejetés dans l'atmosphère avec les fumées du four.But today's industrial burners produce by combustion of gases having high contents in nitrogen oxide NOx, in particular greater than 300 ppm for an oxygen content of the order of 2% in the fumes, which is a drawback in most ovens, as well as for the environment, these oxides of nitrogen being released into the atmosphere with the fumes from the oven.
Pour réduire la teneur en oxyde d'azote des gaz de combustion, il est connu de procéder à des combustions étagées ou des combustions dégradées, mais ceci se fait au détriment du rendement de combustion, et donc du coût du réchauffage des produits.To reduce the nitrogen oxide content of combustion gases, it is known to carry out combustions storied or degraded combustions but this is done at the expense of combustion efficiency, and therefore the cost of reheating the products.
L'invention a donc pour but de réduire le taux d'oxyde d'azote dans les gaz de combustion, tout en assurant une bonne combustion et une bonne structure de flamme, et ceci malgré les variations de puissance qui peuvent être nécessaires lors de la mise en oeuvre des brûleurs. The object of the invention is therefore to reduce the level of nitrogen oxide in the combustion gases, while ensuring good combustion and a good flame structure , and this despite the variations in power which may be necessary during the implementation of burners.
Avec ces objectifs en vue, l'invention a pour objet un brûleur à gaz, tel que décrit dans la revendication 1.With these objectives in view, the invention has for object a gas burner, as described in claim 1.
Grâce à l'invention, la combinaison du flux divergent de gaz de combustion et du flux tourbillonnaire d'air de combustion conduit, lors de la rencontre de ces deux flux à proximité du nez du brûleur, à un fort brassage du gaz et de l'air et donc à une homogénéisation du mélange et à une amélioration de la combustion.Thanks to the invention, the combination of the divergent flow of combustion gases and the swirling flow of combustion air leads, when these two flows meet near the burner nose, to a strong mixing of the gas and the air and therefore homogenization of the mixture and improved combustion.
Par ailleurs, les jets de gaz issus des orifices de sortie de gaz et dirigés vers l'extérieur, tendent à élargir la flamme en lui donnant une forme évasée, en forme de coupe de faible épaisseur, la zone à haute température de la flamme étant constituée seulement par la paroi de cette coupe. Il en résulte que le temps de séjour des produits de combustion dans cette zone à haute température est réduit, par rapport à une flamme plus concentrée qui définit une zone à haute température sous forme d'un volume plein sensiblement cylindrique, dans lequel les produits de combustion séjournent plus longtemps.Furthermore, the gas jets coming from the gas outlet orifices and directed towards the outside tend to widen the flame by giving it a flared, cup-shaped shape of small thickness, the high temperature zone of the flame being formed only by the wall of this cup. As a result, the residence time of the combustion products in this high temperature zone is reduced, compared to a more concentrated flame which defines a high temperature zone in the form of a substantially cylindrical full volume, in which the combustion products combustion stay longer.
Du fait de cette durée de séjour réduite à haute température, la formation d'oxyde d'azote, qui est favorisée par les hautes températures et le temps de séjour, est elle-même réduite.Due to this reduced length of stay at high temperature, the formation of nitrogen oxide, which is favored by the high temperatures and the residence time, is itself reduced.
Le nez du brûleur comporte, au centre de la première série d'orifices de passage du gaz, une partie en protubérance, vers l'extérieur du brûleur, par rapport à la surface frontale sensiblement plane, perpendiculaire à l'axe du brûleur, où débouchent les dites première et deuxième séries d'orifices. Cette partie en protubérance évite que se produise, à proximité directe des orifices de gaz, une recirculation des produits de combustion qui perturberait la sortie du gaz. Par contre, elle favorise cette recirculation à une plus grande distance du nez du brûleur, ce qui tend à faire sortir rapidement les produits de combustion de la zone à haute température, et donc à réduire encore plus la quantité d'oxydes d'azote formés.The burner nose comprises, at the center of the first series of gas passage orifices, a part protruding outwards from the burner , relative to the substantially planar front surface, perpendicular to the axis of the burner, where open the said first and second series of orifices. This protruding part prevents the recirculation of the combustion products, which would disturb the gas outlet, to occur in the immediate vicinity of the gas orifices. On the other hand, it promotes this recirculation at a greater distance from the burner nose, which tends to rapidly remove the combustion products from the zone at high temperature, and therefore to further reduce the amount of nitrogen oxides formed. .
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages ressortiront de la description qui va être faite d'un brûleur de forte puissance conforme à l'invention, pour un four de réchauffage de brames en acier.Other features and advantages will emerge of the description which will be made of a high power according to the invention, for a reheating of steel slabs.
On se reportera aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :
- la figure 1 est une vue en coupe axiale du brûleur à gaz, implanté sur la paroi latérale du four de réchauffage,
- la figure 2 est une vue en coupe à échelle agrandie, du nez du brûleur,
- la figure 3 est une demi vue frontale du nez du brûleur,
- la figure 4 est une vue en coupe selon la ligne IV-IV de la figure 1.
- FIG. 1 is a view in axial section of the gas burner, installed on the side wall of the reheating furnace,
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view on an enlarged scale, of the burner nose,
- FIG. 3 is a half front view of the burner nose,
- Figure 4 is a sectional view along line IV-IV of Figure 1.
Le brûleur 1 comporte un caisson 2 d'alimentation
en gaz combustible et en air, formé d'un canal
central 3 d'amenée du gaz, orienté selon la direction
axiale X du brûleur, entouré d'un premier canal annulaire
4 d'amenée d'air, et d'un deuxième canal annulaire 5
périphérique également alimenté en air. Ces trois canaux
coaxiaux sont alimentés respectivement en gaz et
en air par des conduits d'alimentation respectifs 6, 7, 8.The burner 1 comprises a
Le brûleur 1 comporte également un nez 10,
encore appelé diffuseur, généralement réalisé en un
matériau céramique. Le nez 10 est constitué d'une plaque
11 épaisse qui recouvre les extrémités axiales des
différents canaux en assurant l'étanchéité entre ceux-ci,
et qui est insérée dans un logement aménagé dans
le revêtement interne du four 12, en y étant maintenue
par des moyens de fixation, non représentés, sur la paroi
13 du four.The burner 1 also includes a
La plaque 11 est traversée par une pluralité d'orifices de sortie du gaz et de l'air :
- une première série d'orifices 14, répartis sur un cercle
C1 débouchent du côté de la face arrière 9 de
la
plaque 11 dans lecanal 3 d'alimentation en gaz, - une seconde série d'orifices 15, répartis sur un cercle C2, débouchent de même dans le canal annulaire 4, et
- une troisième série d'orifices 16, répartis sur un cercle C3, débouchent dans le canal périphérique 5.
- a first series of
orifices 14 distributed over a circle C1 open on the side of the rear face 9 of theplate 11 in thegas supply channel 3, - a second series of
orifices 15, distributed over a circle C2, also open out into theannular channel 4, and - a third series of
orifices 16, distributed over a circle C3, open into theperipheral channel 5.
La face avant du nez du brûleur comporte une
surface frontale 17 plane dans laquelle débouchent les
orifices 14 de passage de gaz et les orifices 15, et une
partie annulaire périphérique, 18 proéminente par rapport
à la dite surface frontale, à la surface de laquelle
débouchent les orifices 16.The front of the burner nose has a
Les orifices 14 de passage de gaz sont inclinés
par rapport à la direction axiale X du brûleur, en formant
avec celle-ci un angle α compris entre 15 et 25°.The
Les orifices 15 de passage d'air sont réalisés
de manière que l'axe de chaque orifice soit situé dans
un plan parallèle à la direction axiale du brûleur et tangent
au cercle C2, et incliné dans ce plan, d'un angle β
de 15 à 25° par rapport à la dite direction axiale (voir
figure 2). Les orifices 15 sont donc orientés en hélice,
de manière que le flux d'air qui s'en échappe ait un mouvement
de rotation autour de l'axe X du brûleur. Les orifices
16 sont inclinés d'un angle γ compris entre 0° et
10° par rapport à l'axe et de préférence d'environ 5°. Un
angle trop accentué conduit en effet à un raccourcissement
de la flamme tel que, dans certains cas, des éléments
ou des organes du four proches du brûleur peuvent
subir une élévation trop forte de température.The
Le nez du brûleur comporte, dans sa partie
centrale, entre les orifices 14, une partie tronconique 19
en protubérance par rapport à la surface frontale 17, le
tronc de cône ayant sa grande base au niveau de cette
surface frontale. Entre la partie tronconique 19 et la partie
proéminente 18 est ainsi formée une rainure annulaire
20 de section trapézoïdale, dans laquelle débouchent
les orifices 14 de passage de gaz et les orifices
15 de la première série d'orifices de passage d'air.The burner nose has, in its part
central, between the
Préférentiellement, les orifices 14 de passage
de gaz débouchent à la surface frontale 17 dans une
position angulaire intermédiaire entre les débouchés de
deux orifices 15 de passage d'air adjacent (figure 3).
Ainsi, le flux d'air tourbillonnant issu des orifices 15 intersecte
le flux de gaz issu des orifices 14 à proximité
directe de la surface frontale 17, créant ainsi un fort
brassage du gaz et de l'air, et donc un mélange homogène
assurant une très bonne combustion.Preferably, the
De plus, l'inclinaison des orifices 14 de passage
du gaz a pour effet que le mélange air-gaz tend à
former un rideau en forme de coupe évasée, dans lequel
la température due à la combustion est maximale. Par
contre, la zone centrale de cette coupe, dans l'axe du
brûleur, est relativement dégagée et permet en aval du
brûleur une recirculation des produits de combustion qui
peuvent ainsi quitter rapidement la zone la plus chaude,
ce qui, comme indiqué précédemment, est favorable
pour la diminution du taux d'oxyde d'azote formé.In addition, the inclination of the
Les orifices 16 de passage d'air périphérique
comportent, du côté du canal d'alimentation, un chanfrein
conique 21, d'angle au sommet voisin de 30°, qui
élargit l'entrée de ces orifices et a pour effet de réduire
les pertes de charges dans le circuit formé par le canal
périphérique 5 et les dits orifices, et donc d'augmenter,
à pression constante, la vitesse de sortie de l'air.The
Il est à noter que la répartition des débits d'air
dans les canaux annulaire 4 et périphérique 5 permet
d'ajuster la longueur de la flamme en fonction des besoins.
En effet, pour un débit d'air total donné, par exemple
3900 Nm3/h, dans le cas d'un brûleur fournissant
3500 thermies/heure, si ce débit est réparti entre les
deux canaux 4 et 5 et donc entre les deux séries d'orifices
15 et 16, par exemple 1900 Nm3/h pour l'air périphérique
(passant par des orifices 16) et 2000 Nm3/h
pour l'air central (passant par les orifices 15) les vitesses
en sortie de ces orifices sont sensiblement égales, de
l'ordre de 95 m/s. Dans ces conditions, la combustion
s'amorcera, comme indiqué précédemment, à proximité
directe du nez 10, et l'on obtiendra une flamme courte.It should be noted that the distribution of the air flow rates in the annular 4 and peripheral 5 channels makes it possible to adjust the length of the flame as required. Indeed, for a given total air flow, for example 3900 Nm 3 / h, in the case of a burner supplying 3500 therms / hour, if this flow is distributed between the two
Par contre, si tout ce débit est envoyé dans le
canal périphérique et donc dans les orifices 16, la vitesse
de l'air éjecté par ces orifices va être importante, par
exemple de 170 m/s. Cette grande vitesse permet d'entraíner
des produits de combustion ambiants (plus
froids) et de créer ainsi une recirculation naturelle sur la
périphérie de la flamme, ce qui permet de limiter la production
de NOx. Dans ces conditions, d'une part la combustion
se produira à plus grande distance du nez du
brûleur, du fait que le gaz ne rencontrera l'air périphérique
que relativement loin du brûleur, et d'autre part, elle
se poursuivra loin du brûleur, du fait de la vitesse élevée
de l'air, en formant ainsi une flamme longue.However, if all this debit is sent to the
peripheral channel and therefore in the
Bien évidemment, une flamme de longueur intermédiaire pourra être obtenue en adaptant correctement le rapport des débits d'air entre air central et air périphérique. Préférentiellement, le débit d'air central sera toutefois limité à 50 % au plus du débit d'air total pour éviter une flamme trop courte dont le point chaud se situerait trop près de la paroi du four ou des longerons de support des brames.Obviously, an intermediate length flame can be obtained by adapting correctly the ratio of air flows between central air and air peripheral. Preferably, the central air flow will however be limited to no more than 50% of the total air flow to avoid a too short flame whose hot point is too close to the oven wall or the side members slab support.
Quelle que soit la longueur de flamme ou le régime thermique du brûleur, l'invention permet d'obtenir une très bonne combustion et une faible teneur en oxyde d'azote des produits de combustion.Regardless of the flame length or thermal regime of the burner, the invention makes it possible to obtain very good combustion and low content nitrogen oxide from combustion products.
Pour réduire au maximum les pertes de charges
dans les circuits d'alimentation en air, il est prévu
d'amener l'air dans les canaux 4 et 5 selon une direction
tangentielle. A cette fin, les conduits d'alimentation 7 et
8 sont réalisés de manière à déboucher tangentiellement
dans les dits canaux, ainsi que représenté sur la
figure 4.To minimize pressure losses
in the air supply circuits, provision is made
to bring air into
De la sorte, les écoulements d'air sont améliorés,
notamment par rapport aux dispositions classiques
où l'air arrive dans les canaux selon une direction radiale
et frappe les parois situées face à la conduite d'arrivée
avant de se répartir dans les canaux. De plus, en ce qui
concerne le conduit 7 d'alimentation en air central, le
côté d'arrivée est déterminé de manière à provoquer
une rotation de l'air dans le canal 4 dans le même sens
que la rotation induite par l'inclinaison des orifices 15 du
nez du brûleur.In this way, the air flows are improved,
especially compared to conventional arrangements
where air enters the channels in a radial direction
and hits the walls facing the incoming pipe
before dividing into the canals. In addition, with regard to
relates to the central
Il va de soi que l'invention ne se limite pas aux exemples décrits, mais peut présenter de multiples variantes ou équivalents dans la mesure où sont respectées les caractéristiques énoncées dans les revendications jointes.It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to examples described, but may have multiple variations or equivalent as far as are respected the features set out in the claims attached.
Par exemple, si on le souhaite, il est possible de réduire plus encore le taux d'oxyde d'azote dans les fumées de combustion en prévoyant des moyens pour injecter dans l'air comburant des gaz de combustion, notamment par recirculation partielle des fumées produites par le brûleur lui-même après filtration pour diminuer les éventuels résidus solides en suspension.For example, if desired, it is possible to further reduce the level of nitrogen oxide in the combustion fumes, providing means for inject combustion gases into the combustion air, in particular by partial recirculation of the fumes produced by the burner itself after filtration to reduce any solid residues in suspension.
Claims (11)
- High-power gas burner, especially for industrial furnaces, which has a central channel (3) for supplying combustible gas and two concentric annular channels (4, 5) for supplying air, and a burner head (10) comprising:a first series of holes (14) through which the gas flows, these being arranged in a circle and communicating with the central channel (3),a second series of holes (15) through which air flows, these being arranged in a circle around the gas flow holes and communicating with a first (4) of the two annular channels,and a third series of holes (16) through which air flows, these being arranged in a circle and communicating with a second (5) of the two annular channels, this one being located at the periphery, characterized in that the holes (14) of the first series are inclined with respect to the axial direction (X) of the burner head and diverge towards the outside of the burner, in order to create a divergent gas flow, and the holes (15) of the second series are oriented in a helix in order to create a turbulent air flow which intersects the gas flow, and in that the said burner includes means for varying the distribution of the air between the second series of holes (15) and the third series of holes (16), the head (10) of the burner including, at the centre of the first series of gas flow holes (14), a part (19) which protrudes towards the outside of the burner, with respect to a front surface (17) of the head, which is substantially plane, perpendicular to the axis of the burner, from which the said first and second series of holes emerge.
- Burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the angle of inclination (α) of the gas flow holes (14) with respect to the axis of the burner is between 15 and 25°.
- Burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the angle of inclination (β) of the air flow holes (15) of the second series of holes with respect to the axial direction of the burner is between 15 and 25°.
- Burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the angle of inclination (γ) of the air flow holes (16) of the third series of holes with respect to the axial direction of the burner is between 0 and 10°.
- Burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the said protruding part (19) is substantially in the form of a truncated cone, the large base of which is level with the said front surface (17).
- Burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the angular position of each gas flow hole (14), with respect to a front surface (17) of the head, which is substantially plane, perpendicular to the axis of the burner, from which the said first and second series of holes emerge, is intermediate between the respective angular positions of the outlets of the two adjacent holes of the second series of holes (15).
- Burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that the holes (16) of the third series of holes have, at their ends facing the peripheral channel (5), a conical bevel (21).
- Burner according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it includes air supply lines (7, 8) which emerge tangentially in the annular channels (4, 5).
- Burner according to Claim 8, characterized in that the supply line (7) of the first channel (4) emerges in the said channel in a direction such that the rotation of the air caused by its tangential entry into the channel is in the same sense as the rotation induced by the helical orientation of the said holes (15) of the second series.
- Burner according to Claim 1, characterized in that means are provided for injecting flue gases into the oxidizer air.
- Burner according to Claim 10, characterized in that it is fitted with means for partially recirculating the flue gases in the oxidizer air.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9403633 | 1994-03-24 | ||
| FR9403633A FR2717884B1 (en) | 1994-03-24 | 1994-03-24 | Gas burner for industrial ovens. |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0674135A1 EP0674135A1 (en) | 1995-09-27 |
| EP0674135B1 EP0674135B1 (en) | 1999-06-23 |
| EP0674135B2 true EP0674135B2 (en) | 2002-08-21 |
Family
ID=9461507
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95400603A Expired - Lifetime EP0674135B2 (en) | 1994-03-24 | 1995-03-20 | Gas burners for industrial furnaces |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0674135B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE181593T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69510395T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2132550T5 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2717884B1 (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6846175B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2005-01-25 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Burner employing flue-gas recirculation system |
| US6866502B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2005-03-15 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Burner system employing flue gas recirculation |
| US6869277B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2005-03-22 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Burner employing cooled flue gas recirculation |
| US6877980B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2005-04-12 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Burner with low NOx emissions |
| US6887068B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2005-05-03 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Centering plate for burner |
| US6890172B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2005-05-10 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Burner with flue gas recirculation |
| US6890171B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2005-05-10 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents, Inc. | Apparatus for optimizing burner performance |
| US6893251B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2005-05-17 | Exxon Mobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Burner design for reduced NOx emissions |
| US6893252B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2005-05-17 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Fuel spud for high temperature burners |
| US6986658B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2006-01-17 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents, Inc. | Burner employing steam injection |
| US7025587B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2006-04-11 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Burner with high capacity venturi |
| US7322818B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2008-01-29 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Method for adjusting pre-mix burners to reduce NOx emissions |
| US7476099B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2009-01-13 | Exxonmobil Chemicals Patents Inc. | Removable light-off port plug for use in burners |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2741702B1 (en) * | 1995-11-23 | 1997-12-26 | Lorraine Laminage | GAS BURNER FOR OVEN FOR HEATING STEEL PRODUCTS |
| GB2316161A (en) * | 1996-08-05 | 1998-02-18 | Boc Group Plc | Oxygen-fuel swirl burner |
| AT408796B (en) * | 1999-04-29 | 2002-03-25 | Dumag Ohg | BURNER |
| RU2186294C2 (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2002-07-27 | Акционерное общество закрытого типа "Молдавский металлургический завод" | Multi-nozzle end-piece for melting unit |
| ITMI20020611A1 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2003-09-22 | Danieli Off Mecc | BURNER |
| RU2237218C2 (en) * | 2002-12-11 | 2004-09-27 | Московский государственный институт стали и сплавов (технологический университет) | Method of control of sizes of gas torch and gas burner for realization of this method |
| FR2930626B1 (en) * | 2008-04-28 | 2010-05-21 | Fives Pillard | BURNER WITH PERIPHERAL AIR FLOW INJECTION POINTS |
| CN102012024A (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2011-04-13 | 新兴能源装备有限公司 | Gas burner for active lime rotary kiln producer |
| WO2013091634A1 (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-27 | Flsmidth A/S | A method and a burner for introducing fuel into a burning zone of a kiln |
| CN104136851A (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2014-11-05 | 通用电气公司 | A combustor nozzle and method of supplying fuel to a combustor |
| US10197269B2 (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2019-02-05 | Nuvera Fuel Cells, LLC | Burner assembly with low NOx emissions |
| CN105588118B (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-10-17 | 浙江尚鼎工业炉有限公司 | A kind of gas-fired heater |
| CN106287705A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-04 | 郭玉 | A kind of gas gun |
| RU169821U1 (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2017-04-03 | Акционерное общество "ЕВРАЗ Объединенный Западно-Сибирский металлургический комбинат", АО "ЕВРАЗ ЗСМК" | MULTI-DIPPER HEAD OF A GAS OXYGEN BURNER |
| EP3336428B1 (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2021-02-17 | Fives Pillard | Low nox burner |
| CN106765216A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2017-05-31 | 洛阳明远石化技术有限公司 | Burner and tail gas burning facility |
| CN114963174B (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2026-01-02 | 安徽全柴动力股份有限公司 | A three-channel swirl burner |
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| US3209811A (en) * | 1963-03-28 | 1965-10-05 | Loftus Engineering Corp | Combination high velocity burner |
| US4728284A (en) * | 1987-02-12 | 1988-03-01 | Maxon Corporation | Adjustable combustion rate air/fuel proportioned burner assembly |
| IT1235361B (en) * | 1988-04-05 | 1992-06-30 | Termo Tecnica Ceramica Spa | AIR AND GAS MIXED NOZZLE FOR GAS BURNERS, IN PARTICULAR BURNERS WITH SMALL THERMAL POWER FOR COOKING OVENS |
-
1994
- 1994-03-24 FR FR9403633A patent/FR2717884B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-03-20 AT AT95400603T patent/ATE181593T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-03-20 EP EP95400603A patent/EP0674135B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-20 ES ES95400603T patent/ES2132550T5/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-20 DE DE69510395T patent/DE69510395T3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| F. Schneider, "Betriebserfahrungen mit dem KHD PYRO-JET Brenner", KHD Symposium '90, Volume 1, "Moderne Rollenpressen-Technik", pp. 97-99, KHD Humboldt Wedag AG, Köln, 1991 † |
| H. Lederer: "Neuartiger Drehofenbrenner mit nur einer Primärluftzuführung", extrait de la revue "Zement-Kalk-Gips International", 46ème année (1993), pages 779-783, Bauverlag GmbH, Wiesbaden † |
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6846175B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2005-01-25 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Burner employing flue-gas recirculation system |
| US6866502B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2005-03-15 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Burner system employing flue gas recirculation |
| US6869277B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2005-03-22 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Burner employing cooled flue gas recirculation |
| US6877980B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2005-04-12 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Burner with low NOx emissions |
| US6887068B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2005-05-03 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Centering plate for burner |
| US6890172B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2005-05-10 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Burner with flue gas recirculation |
| US6890171B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2005-05-10 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents, Inc. | Apparatus for optimizing burner performance |
| US6893251B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2005-05-17 | Exxon Mobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Burner design for reduced NOx emissions |
| US6893252B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2005-05-17 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Fuel spud for high temperature burners |
| US6902390B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2005-06-07 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents, Inc. | Burner tip for pre-mix burners |
| US6986658B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2006-01-17 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents, Inc. | Burner employing steam injection |
| US7025587B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2006-04-11 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Burner with high capacity venturi |
| US7322818B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2008-01-29 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Method for adjusting pre-mix burners to reduce NOx emissions |
| US7476099B2 (en) | 2002-03-16 | 2009-01-13 | Exxonmobil Chemicals Patents Inc. | Removable light-off port plug for use in burners |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE181593T1 (en) | 1999-07-15 |
| DE69510395T3 (en) | 2003-04-17 |
| FR2717884B1 (en) | 1996-06-07 |
| EP0674135B1 (en) | 1999-06-23 |
| ES2132550T5 (en) | 2002-12-16 |
| FR2717884A1 (en) | 1995-09-29 |
| DE69510395T2 (en) | 2000-01-13 |
| ES2132550T3 (en) | 1999-08-16 |
| DE69510395D1 (en) | 1999-07-29 |
| EP0674135A1 (en) | 1995-09-27 |
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