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EP1027767B2 - Convertisseur d'impulsions en duree a frequence de fonctionnement variable et eolienne comportant ledit convertisseur - Google Patents
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EP1027767B2 - Convertisseur d'impulsions en duree a frequence de fonctionnement variable et eolienne comportant ledit convertisseur - Google Patents

Convertisseur d'impulsions en duree a frequence de fonctionnement variable et eolienne comportant ledit convertisseur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1027767B2
EP1027767B2 EP98955466A EP98955466A EP1027767B2 EP 1027767 B2 EP1027767 B2 EP 1027767B2 EP 98955466 A EP98955466 A EP 98955466A EP 98955466 A EP98955466 A EP 98955466A EP 1027767 B2 EP1027767 B2 EP 1027767B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pulse
inverter
controlled inverter
alternating current
wind power
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP98955466A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1027767B1 (fr
EP1027767A1 (fr
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Aloys Wobben
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Definitions

  • Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram of such a wind turbine, with a directly driven by the rotor, variable speed synchronous generator is provided with a downstream frequency converter.
  • the variable frequency current generated by the generator is first rectified and then fed into the grid via the frequency converter.
  • variable-speed synchronous generator with DC intermediate circuit is therefore very common today in the wind turbine technology.
  • the newer inverters have a significant share in this.
  • pwm inverters With so-called "pulse width modulated (pwm) inverters" the disturbing harmonics are largely eliminated.
  • pwm inverters have a constant switching frequency or cycle time (also called pulse frequency) and the ratio of the on or off time of two switches S1 and S2, the desired sine wave of the alternating current to be fed is formed.
  • the cycle time within which the switches S1 and S2 are switched on and off is, as mentioned, constant and limited by the power loss of the inverter. In known inverters, the losses can amount to as much as 2% or more of the total electrical power generated, which can be considerable given the high cost of a wind turbine.
  • the switching frequency is lowered, then the power loss can be minimized, but this increases the content of the interfering harmonics. If the switching frequency is increased, the power loss increases, as mentioned, but then the harmonics are largely eliminated.
  • Out DE 32 04 266 is a method and apparatus for operating a pulse inverter present, in which a synchronized with the desired inverter output voltage AC voltage compared with a delta voltage and a equalization of both voltages, a switching signal for the inverter switch is generated. To increase the output voltage amplitude, the ratio of the control voltage amplitude and the triangular voltage amplitude is raised to a disproportionate value.
  • Out DE 32 07 440 is a method for optimizing the voltage control of three-phase pulse-controlled inverters known in which a constant DC voltage, in particular by a DC link, is supplied.
  • a constant DC voltage in particular by a DC link
  • to optimize the voltage control of the three-phase pulse inverter circuit patterns are generated, which allow a continuous adjustment of the fundamental voltage with the lowest possible harmonic effect.
  • off DE 32 30 055 a control set for a pulse inverter for generating an output AC voltage with a predetermined frequency control by a predetermined frequency and a predetermined by an amplitude control voltage target amplitude known.
  • the tax rate allows an inverter to specify an optimized output voltage in terms of voltage utilization and harmonic content in a simple way.
  • Out " Modern Power Electronics ", BK Bose IEEE Press, 1992 is a pulse inverter according to the preamble of claim 1 is known.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge of a pulse inverter with a static switching frequency or cycle time, as from the prior Technology and out Fig. 2 known to completely move away and make the switching frequency variable, depending on the alternating current to be generated.
  • the switching frequency In the area of the zero crossing of the generated alternating current, the switching frequency is maximum, ie the cycle time is minimal; in the range of the maximum amplitudes of the alternating current, the switching frequency is minimal, ie the maximum cycle time.
  • Fig. 1 shows a switch S1 and a switch S2 and a downstream inductance L.
  • the switch S1 is connected to the positive pole and the switch S2 to the negative pole of the supplied DC voltage.
  • Fig. 2 shows in a) the result of the pulse-alternating direction in a known pulse-controlled inverter Fig. 1 ,
  • a switch S1 is on for a period of time t1 and a switch S2 is on for a period of time t2.
  • appropriate specifications and variations of the switching times t1 and t2 or the corresponding turn-off of the switches S1 and S2 can be seen from the supplied DC sinusoidal AC-see Fig. 2
  • the sinusoidal profile can be optimized Fig.
  • the switching frequency for the current i to be fed in Fig. 3 a) is designed to be variable and that the switching frequency in the region of the zero crossings of the alternating current to be generated i maximum and in the range of the maximum amplitudes of the alternating current to be generated i is minimal.
  • the switching frequency f s is in the range of maximum amplitudes of the alternating current i to be generated at a maximum of about 16 kHz and a minimum of about 1 kHz.
  • Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram of a driven by a rotor R, variable speed synchronous generator SG with a downstream rectifier G and a pulse inverter PWR - s.
  • Fig. 5 - as it is known, for example, in the wind turbine ENERCON type "E-40".
  • the synchronous machine in the generator developed for the type "E-40” is an electrically excited synchronous machine with 84 poles.
  • the diameter is about 4.8 m.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)
  • Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

Il est classique de doter les éoliennes d'un alternateur synchrone et, pour assurer le fonctionnement à vitesse de rotation variable dudit alternateur, d'une connexion courant continu ainsi que d'un convertisseur d'impulsions en durée connecté en aval et servant de convertisseur de fréquence. L'invention a donc pour objectif de proposer un convertisseur d'impulsions en durée destiné à une éolienne, qui ne présente pas les inconvénients ci-dessus et qui diminue de manière générale la perte de puissance avec un pourcentage d'harmoniques minimal. Elle permet d'obtenir ce résultat avec un convertisseur d'impulsions en durée possédant les caractéristiques de la revendication 1. Un mode de réalisation avantageux est décrit dans la revendication 2. Une éolienne possédant un convertisseur du type décrit dans la revendication 1 ou dans la revendication 2 est décrite dans la revendication 3. Un agencement constitué de plusieurs éoliennes du type décrit dans la revendication 3, connectées en parallèle, est décrit dans la revendication 4. L'idée à la base de l'invention est de fabriquer un convertisseur totalement différent des convertisseurs classiques à fréquence de fonctionnement ou durée d'impulsion statique, du type existant ou décrit dans la figure 2, et de lui donner une fréquence de fonctionnement variable en fonction du courant alternatif que l'on veut produire. Dans la plage du passage par zéro dudit courant, la fréquence est maximale et donc la durée d'impulsion minimale, tandis que dans la plage des amplitudes maximales du courant, la fréquence est minimale et donc la durée d'impulsion maximale.

Claims (4)

  1. Convertisseur d'impulsion (PWR) à fréquence variable des impulsions pour la génération d'un courant alternatif sinusoïdal,
    - le changement de la fréquence des impulsions dépendant du courant alternatif (i) à générer, la fréquence des impulsions (fs) au point zéro du courant alternatif à générer (i) étant plus importante que dans la zone de l'amplitude maximale du courant alternatif (i)
    caractérisé en ce que la fréquence des impulsions (fs) dans la zone des points zéro du courant alternatif (i) à générer est d'environ 14 - 18 kHz et, se situe entre environ 500 Hz et 2 kHz dans la zone de l'amplitude maximale du courant.
  2. Installation à énergie éolienne avec un convertisseur d'impulsion (PWR) selon la revendication 1.
  3. Dispositif composé de plusieurs installations à énergie éolienne selon la revendication 2 branchées en parallèle les unes aux autres.
  4. Branchement en parallèle de plusieurs convertisseurs d'impulsion selon la revendication 1.
EP98955466A 1997-11-03 1998-10-16 Convertisseur d'impulsions en duree a frequence de fonctionnement variable et eolienne comportant ledit convertisseur Expired - Lifetime EP1027767B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19748479 1997-11-03
DE19748479A DE19748479C1 (de) 1997-11-03 1997-11-03 Pulswechselrichter mit variabler Pulsfrequenz und Windenergieanlage mit einem Pulswechselrichter
PCT/EP1998/006570 WO1999023745A1 (fr) 1997-11-03 1998-10-16 Convertisseur d'impulsions en duree a frequence de fonctionnement variable et eolienne comportant ledit convertisseur

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1027767A1 EP1027767A1 (fr) 2000-08-16
EP1027767B1 EP1027767B1 (fr) 2003-03-05
EP1027767B2 true EP1027767B2 (fr) 2008-08-06

Family

ID=7847435

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98955466A Expired - Lifetime EP1027767B2 (fr) 1997-11-03 1998-10-16 Convertisseur d'impulsions en duree a frequence de fonctionnement variable et eolienne comportant ledit convertisseur

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US6256212B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1027767B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP3494987B2 (fr)
AR (1) AR015476A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE233968T1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI9813908B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2306074C (fr)
DE (2) DE19748479C1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1027767T4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2191354T5 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ503406A (fr)
PT (1) PT1027767E (fr)
TR (1) TR200000680T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999023745A1 (fr)

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DE10011929B4 (de) * 2000-03-11 2004-07-01 Wobben, Aloys, Dipl.-Ing. Synchrongenerator
DE10059018C2 (de) * 2000-11-28 2002-10-24 Aloys Wobben Windenergieanlage bzw. Windpark bestehend aus einer Vielzahl von Windenergieanlagen
FR2821391B1 (fr) * 2001-02-23 2003-06-27 Jeumont Ind Procede et dispositif de regulation d'une installation de production d'energie electrique comportant une eolienne
DE10145346A1 (de) * 2001-09-14 2003-04-03 Abb Research Ltd Windparkanlage
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US7816801B2 (en) 2006-03-16 2010-10-19 International Components Corporation, Inc. Speed sensing circuit for a wind turbine generator
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JP6062946B2 (ja) 2011-09-22 2017-01-18 インゲチーム パワー テクノロジー エス アー 電気エネルギー変換システム及び方法
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3494987B2 (ja) 2004-02-09
BRPI9813908B1 (pt) 2015-08-25
DK1027767T4 (da) 2008-11-17
DE19748479C1 (de) 1999-04-15
US6256212B1 (en) 2001-07-03
CA2306074A1 (fr) 1999-05-14
PT1027767E (pt) 2003-07-31
DE59807406D1 (de) 2003-04-10
TR200000680T2 (tr) 2000-07-21
BR9813908A (pt) 2005-05-10
EP1027767B1 (fr) 2003-03-05
EP1027767A1 (fr) 2000-08-16
ES2191354T5 (es) 2008-12-16
ATE233968T1 (de) 2003-03-15
NZ503406A (en) 2003-02-28
JP2001522218A (ja) 2001-11-13
AR015476A1 (es) 2001-05-02
WO1999023745A1 (fr) 1999-05-14
DK1027767T3 (da) 2003-06-30
ES2191354T3 (es) 2003-09-01
CA2306074C (fr) 2004-06-29

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