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EP1119689B2 - Ensemble commande des soupapes - Google Patents
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EP1119689B2 - Ensemble commande des soupapes - Google Patents

Ensemble commande des soupapes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1119689B2
EP1119689B2 EP99970148A EP99970148A EP1119689B2 EP 1119689 B2 EP1119689 B2 EP 1119689B2 EP 99970148 A EP99970148 A EP 99970148A EP 99970148 A EP99970148 A EP 99970148A EP 1119689 B2 EP1119689 B2 EP 1119689B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rocker arm
assembly
fulcrum
rocker
carrier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99970148A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1119689A1 (fr
EP1119689B1 (fr
Inventor
Majo Cecur
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eaton SRL
Original Assignee
Eaton SRL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Eaton SRL filed Critical Eaton SRL
Publication of EP1119689A1 publication Critical patent/EP1119689A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1119689B1 publication Critical patent/EP1119689B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
    • F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
    • F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
    • F01L1/2405—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically by means of a hydraulic adjusting device located between the cylinder head and rocker arm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/181—Centre pivot rocking arms
    • F01L1/182—Centre pivot rocking arms the rocking arm being pivoted about an individual fulcrum, i.e. not about a common shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L1/185—Overhead end-pivot rocking arms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/02—Valve drive
    • F01L1/04—Valve drive by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like
    • F01L1/047—Camshafts
    • F01L1/053—Camshafts overhead type
    • F01L2001/0537—Double overhead camshafts [DOHC]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L2001/187—Clips, e.g. for retaining rocker arm on pivot
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/12—Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve
    • F01L1/18—Rocking arms or levers
    • F01L2001/188—Fulcrums at upper surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L2305/00—Valve arrangements comprising rollers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a valve train assembly for an internal combustion engine, and to rocker arms for such an assembly.
  • the invention is particularly but not exclusively related to arrangements in which the number of parts in the assembly is reduced, in which various parts can be pre-assembled to facilitate engine assembly, and in which various pans are made more simply.
  • JP58-88412 describes a valve train assembly comprising: a valve train carrier having a plurality of individual rocker arm fulcra each of which forms part of a hydraulic lash adjuster; and a plurality of rocker arms, each rocker arm being attached to a respective fulcrum to form a self-supporting assembly and being pivotable about the fulcrum; wherein the assembly has been manufactured and then pre-assembled separately from, but is operatively attachable to, an internal combustion engine having a camshaft such that the rocker arms are movable by cams of the camshaft in order to operate valves of the engine, wherein each rocker arm has a part-spherical surface for mating with a corresponding surface of the fulcrum to which it is attached.
  • valve train assembly of claim 1 According to the invention there is provided the valve train assembly of claim 1.
  • a valve train assembly for a internal combustion engine comprises a valve train carrier having a plurality of individual rocker arm fulcra, and a rocker arm attached to each fulcrum.
  • the carrier may also have one or more camshafts mounted thereto.
  • Such an arrangement can be provided as a pre-assembled unit for fitting to a cylinder head having valves mounted therein. thus substantially facilitating the assembly of an engine.
  • Each fulcrum may form part of a hydraulic lash adjuster. Accordingly, since the lash adjusters would be fixedly mounted to the carrier, they are more easily supplied with oil, so that a smaller oil pump producing relatively low pressure can be used.
  • each rocker arm and its associated fulcrum have co-operating part-spherical surfaces which permit not only the pivoting motion required for operating the valves, but also a degree of rotation about the length of the rocker arm, to provide a self-adjusting function.
  • the rocker arm has a part-spherical recess into which a part-spherical projection is located.
  • the profile of the recess may comprise several, e.g. three, spherical segments of slightly different diameter tangential to each other, sometimes referred to as a gothic socket.
  • the rocker arm may be attached to the projection by means of a clip, possibly made of spring steel. which is fitted over the head of the projection.
  • rocker arms do not need to be fitted to rocker axles, they may be made smaller and lighter compared to existing aluminium or steel rockers.
  • the rockers are made of pressed sheet metal (with the final thickness possibly increased or decreased by the pressing operation to provide suitable weight/strength properties), and their lightness enables the use of lighter valve springs resulting in lower energy consumption.
  • rockers of equal length for all the valves. Accordingly, the rockers can be substantially identical, thereby reducing manufacturing costs.
  • Fig. 1 shows a prior art rocker (B') made of pressed aluminium, and comprising a lever of the first order mounted on a fixed axle (70), which also carries other rockers arranged in a row.
  • One end of the rocker (B') is in contact with a cam (C) by means of a roller (R'), while the other end has a reciprocating and pivoting hydraulic lash adjuster, referred to also as a tappet (80).
  • the tappet has a spigot or projection (81) at the base acting on the head of a valve (V).
  • a double row of camshafts (A') acts on convex surfaces of rollers (R').
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of a rocker arm arrangement according to the present invention.
  • the rocker (B) of the present invention is again a lever of the first order, i.e. it is a centre-pivoted rocker arm.
  • the rocker (B) is mounted on a tappet (4) placed between a first end of the rocker (B), which is fitted with a roller (R) displaced and pushed against a cam (C) on the camshaft, and a second end, which transmits the pressure to open the poppet valve (V) against the resilient force of a spring (M).
  • the rocker (B) shown in Figs. 3 to 6 is made up of two lateral flanges (12) and (12'), linked by an upper plate (13), with which it forms a U-shaped section, and is formed by bending or stamping a sheet of steel.
  • a hemispherical recess (14) is formed in the plate (13), suitable for mating with the hemispherical head (41) of a spigot or projection (42) which is part of a lash adjuster or tappet (4).
  • the tappet (4) is fitted in its own fixed seat (45, Fig. 7 ) formed by boring an aluminium cover (L) of the engine head.
  • the cover (L) constitutes a valve train carrier, and is discussed further below.
  • this spigot forms a fulcrum about which the rocker arm (B) can reciprocate in order to operate the valve (V), and around which the rocker arm may be laterally turned. It will be noted in particular that the rocker arm can rotate about an axis X ( Fig. 4 ) and about the axis of the spigot (42), to provide a degree of self-adjustment for the purposes set out below.
  • Rocker (B) comprises at one end a transverse opening (15) into which a pivoting trunnion (16) is fitted, the trunnion (16) having opposing recesses (17), one of which presses onto the head of the stem of the valve (V), adjusting itself in accordance with the relative movement of the rocker arm (B) of the valve shaft, which may vary depending on the type of engine.
  • roller (R) having needle bearings and located on an axle (20) extending through openings (22) provided in flanges (12) and (12').
  • Roller (R) is very simple, with a straight cylindrical outside surface which closely fits the outside surface of cam (C) since as described above the rocker, with its fulcrum on the hemispherical recess (14), automatically compensates for any imperfection in transverse movement, thus making a convex outside surface, as required in customary design, unnecessary.
  • a resilient sheet (25) is used with flanges (26) folded back on themselves so that the lower section can be attached to the rocker flanges (see Fig. 5 ).
  • the resilient sheet has an inlet (27) at the top for the purpose of lubricating the trunnion (16).
  • the sheet (30) may be made of spring steel, and has an aperture which allows the rocker arm (B) to be easily snap-fitted over the head (41) of the spigot (42) and thus attached to the cover (L). The sheet (30) thus retains the rocker arm (B) on the cover (L) without inhibiting any intended operational movement of the rocker arm.
  • the projection or spigot (42) has a relatively narrow neck leading to the enlarged, part-spherical head (41), so that the aperture in the sheet (30), which has a diameter slightly larger than that of the neck, can be used to hold the rocker arm in place.
  • the aperture is elongate, with its longitudinal axis extended substantially parallel to the length of the rocker arm, so as to facilitate fitting the rocker arm to the tappet (4), and to permit a degree of freedom of movement in the longitudinal direction to ensure proper engagement with the cam shaft and valve.
  • alternative arrangements are possible.
  • the rocker arm could be fastened to the head (41) by means of a rivet or other member extending through the rocker arm into a recess at the end of the head (41), possibly engaging therein by means of a screw thread or by a resilient enlarged portion which engages in an annular ridge within the recess.
  • the means attaching the rocker arm to the fulcrum be fairly loose, and arranged so as not to inhibit the intended operational movement of the rocker arm.
  • Fig. 7 is a detailed view of the tappet (4), which keeps rocker (B) pressed against one end of the valve head (V) by means of the pivoting trunnion (16), and at the other end against the cam (C) by means of roller (R).
  • Within the lower part of the chamber (43) is a high pressure tappet chamber (47), whilst above is a plunger (48) which houses a low-pressure oil reservoir (49). The oil is supplied through the inlet (50) and channels (51) in the cover (L).
  • Inlets (46) and (46') are provided in the spigot (42) for the purpose of lubricating the hemispherical end (41) which acts as the fulcrum.
  • FIGs. 8 and 9 show from the side and from above, respectively, the arrangement of a valve control train using rockers (B1), (B2), ... as described above, for operating valves V1, V2, ... in an internal combustion engine with a single central camshaft (A).
  • the engine cylinder head has a lower head part (65) into which the valves (V1) and (V2) are installed. Their springs (M) are located in recesses (60) of the lower head (65).
  • valve train carrier formed by the cover (L) has fitted thereto the rocker arms (B1) and (B2), together with any other rocker arms required for the engine (see Fig. 9 ).
  • This therefore forms a self-supporting assembly which can be manufactured and sold separately from the rest of the engine and provided in a pre-assembled state ready for fitting to the engine.
  • the individual fitting of the rocker arms can be carried out as a separate operation, so the final assembly of the engine is significantly simpler.
  • valve carrier can supply different versions of the valve carrier, all for fitting to the same engine head, but made to different specifications.
  • one version may have hydraulic lash adjusters and rocker arms provided with rollers, and another, less-expensive one may have mechanical lash adjusters and a fixed cam-engaging surface on the rocker arms rather than rollers. This facilitates the production of different types of engines, suited to the customer, while still enabling a simple assembly procedure.
  • the location of the respective fulcra on the cover (L) can be selected such that all the rocker arms may have the same length, and therefore can if desired be constructed identically.
  • the camshaft is also fitted to the cover (L) during pre-assembly.
  • Figs. 10 and 11 show an alternative embodiment of the invention, in which twin camshafts (A1, A2) drive respective rows of rocker arms (B).
  • the aluminium valve train carrier (L) is best illustrated in Fig. 11 , which shows identical rocker arms (B) mounted in two lines, the arms within each line being positioned in a staggered arrangement so that they are suitably located for driving the inlet and outlet exhaust valves.
  • the camshafts (A1, A2) are also preferably mounted to the carrier (L) before the entire assembly is fitted to the lower cylinder head of the engine.
  • the carriers (L) of either embodiment may have channels for distributing oil to the valve trains; indeed, all the required oil channels may be located in the carrier.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
  • Electrically Driven Valve-Operating Means (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Un assemblage constitutif d'un train de soupapes comportant :
    Figure imgb0001
    un support de train de soupapes présentant une pluralité d'axes individuels de culbuteurs dont chacun fait partie d'un dispositif de rattrapage de jeu hydraulique ; et
    Figure imgb0002
    une pluralité de culbuteurs, chaque culbuteur étant respectivement fixé sur un axe respectif au moyen d'une feuille élastique perforée qui est montée par pression sur l'axe, afin de former un assemblage autoporteur et pouvant pivoter autour dudit axe, la fixation étant agencée pour ne pas empêcher le mouvement réciproque de pivotement autour d'un premier axe pour permettre le fonctionnement ou la rotation de la soupape autour d'un second axe le long de la longueur du culbuteur pour permettre l'auto-ajustement, dans lequel chaque culbuteur a une surface partiellement sphérique pour correspondre à une surface correspondante de l'axe sur lequel il est fixé dans lequel l'assemblage a été fabriqué et pré-assemblé séparément d'un moteur à combustion interne, mais est fixable opérationnellement à celui-ci, de telle sorte que les culbuteurs soient mis en mouvement par les cames pour actionner les soupapes du moteur.
  2. Assemblage selon la revendication 1, dans lequel chaque culbuteur constitue un levier de premier ordre.
  3. Assemblage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel chaque culbuteur a été formé par déformation d'une feuille.
  4. Assemblage selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel chaque culbuteur a été formé par la déformation d'une feuille, ladite déformation formant également la surface partiellement sphérique pour correspondre à la surface correspondante de l'axe sur lequel le culbuteur est fixé.
  5. Assemblage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les culbuteurs sont sensiblement tous de la même longueur.
  6. Assemblage selon la revendication 5, dans lequel les culbuteurs sont sensiblement identiques.
  7. Assemblage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel chaque culbuteur a un élément pivotant pour la mise en prise d'une soupape.
  8. Assemblage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, l'assemblage ayant également monté sur celui-ci au moins un arbre à cames.
  9. Assemblage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le support ayant formé à l'intérieur de celui-ci des canaux pour transporter de l'huile jusqu'aux axes.
  10. Assemblage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel chaque culbuteur supporte un rouleau pour la mise en prise avec une came d'un arbre à cames, et dans lequel chaque rouleau a une surface externe cylindrique sensiblement plate.
  11. Assemblage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le support supportant des culbuteurs pour les soupapes d'entrée et d'échappement pour une pluralité de cylindres.
  12. Moteur à combustion interne ayant un assemblage constitutif de train de soupapes selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, le moteur comprenant une pluralité de cylindres ayant chacun des soupapes d'entrée et d'échappement, ledit support supportant des culbuteurs pour lesdites soupapes d'entrée et d'échappement.
  13. Procédé pour assembler un moteur à combustion interne, le procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à :
    (a) prévoir un assemblage constitutif de train de soupapes qui a été fabriqué et préassemblé séparément du moteur à combustion interne, l'étape consistant à :
    (i) prévoir un support de train de soupapes ayant une pluralité d'axes individuels de culbuteur, dont chacun fait partie d'un dispositif de rattrapage de jeu hydraulique ; et
    (ii) fixer un culbuteur sur chaque axe au moyen d'une feuille élastique perforée qui est montée par pression sur l'axe afin d'obtenir un assemblage autoporteur, la fixation étant agencée pour ne pas empêcher le mouvement réciproque de pivotement autour d'un premier axe pour permettre le fonctionnement et la rotation de la soupape autour d'un second axe le long de la longueur du culbuteur pour permettre l'auto-ajustement et dans lequel chaque culbuteur a une première surface partellement sphérique pour correspondre à une surface correspondante de l'axe sur lequel il est fixé, et
    (b) monter ensuite le support avec le culbuteur fixé sur une culasse du moteur à combustion interne de sorte que chaque culbuteur est amené en relation fonctionnelle avec une soupape de moteur respective.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, le procédé comprenant l'étape consistant à monter au moins un arbre à cames sur le support avant de monter le support sur la culasse.
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 14, comprenant l'étape consistant à former chaque culbuteur par déformation d'une feuille.
  16. Procédé selon la revendication 15, comprenant l'étape consistant à former la surface partiellement sphérique sur chaque culbuteur par déformation de ladite feuille pour correspondre à la surface correspondante d'un axe.
EP99970148A 1998-10-05 1999-10-05 Ensemble commande des soupapes Expired - Lifetime EP1119689B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1998MI002136A IT1302601B1 (it) 1998-10-05 1998-10-05 Bilanciere dotato di elemento idraulico nel fulcro per un treno dicomando di valvole.
ITMI982136 1998-10-05
PCT/IB1999/001699 WO2000020730A1 (fr) 1998-10-05 1999-10-05 Ensemble commande des soupapes

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1119689A1 EP1119689A1 (fr) 2001-08-01
EP1119689B1 EP1119689B1 (fr) 2004-01-21
EP1119689B2 true EP1119689B2 (fr) 2010-04-07

Family

ID=11380809

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99970148A Expired - Lifetime EP1119689B2 (fr) 1998-10-05 1999-10-05 Ensemble commande des soupapes

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1119689B2 (fr)
JP (1) JP4558938B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE258271T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR9914635A (fr)
DE (1) DE69914348T3 (fr)
IT (1) IT1302601B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000020730A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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DE102022109243A1 (de) 2022-04-14 2023-10-19 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verbrennungskraftmaschine für ein Kraftfahrzeug sowie Kraftfahrzeug

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EP1881166A1 (fr) * 2006-07-21 2008-01-23 Schaeffler KG Mécanisme d'actionnement de soupape commutable pour un moteur à combustion interne
EP1881165A3 (fr) * 2006-07-21 2009-12-16 Schaeffler KG Commande de soupape embrayable pour un moteur à combustion interne
JP4611964B2 (ja) * 2006-12-05 2011-01-12 株式会社オティックス ロッカアーム組付モジュール
DE102008022601A1 (de) 2008-05-07 2009-11-12 Schaeffler Kg Hebelartiger Nockenfolger
US8375909B2 (en) * 2009-01-30 2013-02-19 Eaton Corporation Rocker arm retention
ATE530738T1 (de) * 2009-03-10 2011-11-15 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh Kipphebelträger für einen ventiltrieb einer brennkraftmaschine
JP5345075B2 (ja) * 2010-01-08 2013-11-20 株式会社オティックス ロッカアームの製造方法
DE102010013942A1 (de) 2010-04-06 2011-10-06 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Hebelartiger Nockenfolger
DE102011005851A1 (de) 2011-03-21 2012-09-27 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Ventiltriebsystem für eine Brennkraftmaschine
GB2501876A (en) 2012-05-08 2013-11-13 Eaton Srl Hydraulic lash adjuster
US9482120B2 (en) * 2013-03-25 2016-11-01 GT Technologies Retention device for valve actuating mechanism
DE102014215129A1 (de) * 2014-08-01 2016-02-04 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Hebel für die Ventilbetätigung einer Brennkraftmaschine
DE112016001680T5 (de) * 2015-05-07 2018-02-15 Eaton Corporation Ventiltriebbaugruppe mit Deaktivierung
WO2016179578A1 (fr) * 2015-05-07 2016-11-10 Eaton Corporation Ensemble de commande de soupapes
US9863291B2 (en) 2015-05-14 2018-01-09 GT Technologies Locator for use in a valvetrain of a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine
ITUA20163586A1 (it) * 2016-04-29 2017-10-29 Gnutti Carlo Spa Apparato di azionamento delle valvole in motore endotermico
DE112017002052T5 (de) * 2016-05-10 2019-01-03 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Modularer kipphebel
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JP4558938B2 (ja) 2010-10-06
BR9914635A (pt) 2001-07-03
ITMI982136A1 (it) 2000-04-06
JP2002526707A (ja) 2002-08-20
EP1119689A1 (fr) 2001-08-01
WO2000020730A1 (fr) 2000-04-13
DE69914348T2 (de) 2004-11-04
IT1302601B1 (it) 2000-09-29
DE69914348D1 (de) 2004-02-26
EP1119689B1 (fr) 2004-01-21
DE69914348T3 (de) 2011-02-03
ATE258271T1 (de) 2004-02-15

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