EP1367190B2 - Acoustical system with elastic and damping connection for the building of partitions, claddings and suspended ceilings - Google Patents

Abstract

The insulation system for a structural member such as a self-supporting partition or suspended ceiling with rigid panels (1) e.g. of plasterboard, and metal spacers (2), incorporates at least one layer of mineral wool panels (4) between one of the rigid panels and the spacers. The rigid panels are fastened to the spacers e.g. by self-tapping screws (3). In variants of the design the system can have two layers of mineral wool - one on each side of the spacers, or have a double layer of plasterboard on one side.

Description

Object of the invention

The present invention relates to an acoustic elastic and absorbent connection system for the construction of partitions, ceilings and suspended ceilings, which provides essential innovative features and significant advantages over known means and used for similar purposes in the current state of the art. the technique.

The invention also relates to a construction element, in particular partition or ceiling.

The invention more particularly proposes the development of an acoustic system of resilient and absorbent connection for the construction of partitions or the like, which makes use of sandwich plasterboards or similar joined to the metal structures, and by means of which one provides for the interposition of insulating panels, preferably of mineral wool, between the plasterboards and the metal structure, thereby conferring the desired elasticity and sound absorption for this type of construction, and breaking the acoustic bridge existing in current fixtures of plates without intermediate absorbent panel.
The field of application of the invention is in the building sector in general and, more particularly, in the industrial sector devoted to the manufacture of acoustic and thermal insulating and absorbing elements, for the insulation of buildings and the like. buildings.

Background and summary of the invention

Construction systems using plasterboards sandwiched with a metal structure are now widespread.

• Cloisonnage avec structure métallique,
• Systèmes de parements avec profilés de fixation au mur, et
• Systèmes pour plafonds suspendus avec profilés de fixation à la ferronnerie.

In this sense, the Asociación Técnica y Empresarial del Yeso (ATEDY), has proposed minimum recommendations for the use and application of ordinary construction systems made using sandwich plasterboards (produced, in general, under UNE 102023.98) and metal structures, encompassing three types of systems:

• Partitioning with metal structure,
• Cladding systems with wall mounting profiles, and
• Systems for suspended ceilings with fastening profiles to the ironwork.

The possible applications of the acoustic system of elastic and absorbent connection for the connection of gypsum board to metal structures, by interposing a semi-rigid mineral wool panel between them, are described in the document "La Placa de Yeso" Laminado, características y aplicaciones ", published by the ATEDY.

This type of known building systems generally consists of sandwich plasterboard or rigid plates performing the same function, mechanically fixed to a structure, usually made of metal profiles. The Figure 1 The accompanying drawings show a representation of a prior art system, in which a sectional view of a partition made using a dry mounting system is illustrated with sandwich plasterboard and a structure. metal, and in which the gypsum plasterboards were identified by the reference numeral 1, the vertical metal uprights by the numerical reference 2 and the fastening screws, self-tapping type, by the reference numeral 3 .

With regard to the plates 1, the acoustic system of elastic and absorbent connection also finds an application with the plates intended to be used in a similar way to those of plaster sandwich, as the plates made from plaster mixed with fibrous elements such as fiberglass, cellulose, ..., etc. The application of the elastic and absorbent acoustic connection system is independent of the thickness of the plates or the geometry of their longitudinal edges.

In general, the plates intended for this application normally have a thickness oscillating between 12.5 and 25 mm, the width usually oscillating between 600 and 1250 mm, and the length varying approximately between 2000 and 3600 mm.

As far as the self-supporting structure is concerned, it consists of galvanized steel sheet metal sections, but wood is also used. The various components of the structure are so-called irons, or horizontal elements generally in the shape of "U", and the uprights, or vertical elements in the shape of "C", as those indicated by the reference 2 in said Figure 1 , nestling in the first and on which are screwed the plates. The application of the acoustic system of elastic and absorbent connection is independent of the width of the metal structure (opening of the "C" profile, oscillating between 36 and 150 mm), and the distance between the amounts, which usually varies between 300 and 600 mm.

Finally, the screws used in this type of assemblies are of the same type as those used for fixing the plates to the metal structure. These screws are of the type Plate-Metal self-perforating, with point of nail or Teak and head in trumpet, and with phosphated protection or cadmium. Its length varies between 25 and 100 mm (the minimum length of use for the elastic connection system is however 40 mm).
It is also known to use mineral wool board to ensure sound absorption. The document US 3,324,615 shows for example a set for which a mineral wool panel is sandwiched between a facing constituting a rigid plate and a metal carrying structure, the mineral wool panel being fixed to the facing by bonding means and the entire facing and mineral wool panel being held in position against the structure by gluing and insertion into U-shaped shapes of the structure.

The document US 3,324,615 discloses a construction element having the features of the preamble of claim 1.

In order to improve the acoustic insulation, the present invention proposes another construction element according to claim 1.

According to a preferred embodiment, the fastening means is a screw, in particular a self-tapping type screw.

Preferably the building element comprises a facing consisting of rigid plates fixed to the structure of each side of said structure, to form two faces of the building element.

According to one embodiment the construction element at least one mineral wool panel is disposed on each side of the structure, between said structure and the rigid plates.

According to another embodiment, at least one face of the construction element comprises a facing consisting of two sets of superimposed rigid plates.

According to another embodiment, the other face of the construction element comprises a mineral wool panel located between two rigid plates which are fixed to the structure.

The present invention considerably improves the acoustic insulation characteristic offered by this type of system, and provides, for this purpose, the interposition of a mineral wool panel (such as glass wool or rock wool), between the sandwich plasterboard or the like (thereafter: the plate) and the metal structure, so that the connection between them is rigid only at the connection points of the hardware. The space between the metal structure and the plate is filled by the mineral wool panel, which provides elasticity and sound absorption, breaking the acoustic bridge existing in the plate mounts in the absence of the interposed panel.

Another variation of the system is to place mineral wool panels between plates to make mounts with different layers of plates on each side of the metal structure.

According to the invention, the mineral wool panel includes construction features to ensure the strength of the building solution, having a certain compressive strength and some cohesion, but not exhibit excessive rigidity. Thus, according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, the density of the panel can oscillate between 50 and 150 kg / m ³ for glass wool or rock, the thickness of the panel to be low for the reason indicated above, and will preferably not exceed 25 mm.

In addition, mineral wool panels may be bare or surface-coated with glass films or vapor barrier coatings, as recommended in siding applications.

To ensure a quality assembly, it is advisable to use for the mineral wool panel dimensions similar to those of the plate, especially in the longitudinal direction, to avoid horizontal joints. As for the width of the panels, widths equal to the distances between the axes of the vertical uprights are preferred, although a width equal to that of the plate is recommended.

The invention also relates to a construction method according to claim 11.

According to a preferred embodiment, the fastening means passes through a rigid plate, a mineral wool panel and is anchored in the structure.

Brief description of the drawings

• la Figure 1 (déjà décrite) montre une représentation, en coupe transversale, d'un montage selon l'état actuel de la technique ;
• les Figures 2 à 5 montrent des variantes distinctes selon le système proposé par la présente invention, et
• la Figure 6 est une représentation graphique démonstrative des caractéristiques de comportement acoustique et thermique dans un système selon l'invention.

These and other features and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment, given solely by way of illustrative and nonlimiting example, with reference to the drawings. joints, in which:

• the Figure 1 (already described) shows a representation, in cross section, of an assembly according to the current state of the art;
• the Figures 2 to 5 show distinct variants according to the system proposed by the present invention, and
• the Figure 6 is a demonstrative graphic representation of the acoustic and thermal behavior characteristics in a system according to the invention.

Description of a preferred embodiment

As previously indicated, the detailed description of the preferred embodiment of the invention will be made with the aid of the accompanying drawings, through which the same numerical references are used to designate identical or equivalent elements or parts. . So, with reference first of all to the Figure 2 , it is possible to appreciate a construction solution according to the invention in which, in a similar way to the usual systems (see Figure 1 ), are involved in the construction of gypsum board 1, associated with metal uprights 2, to which they are fixed by means of screws 3 passing through said plates and finally screwed on the components of the metal structure. However, unlike the prior art and in accordance with the system of the invention, other elements are in this case involved, which consist precisely of semi-rigid mineral wool panels, such as glass wool or glass wool. Rockwool. In the Figure 2 , there is shown a single panel, indicated by the reference numeral 4, coating a single face. The screws 3 are here of appropriate length, greater than that of the prior art and sufficient to cross the two elements constituted by the plasterboard 1 and the panel 4 of mineral wool, and finally screw into the metal section 2. It will be appreciated moreover that the connection of the plates 1, 1 'successive does not coincide with the edge of the panel, but is made in an intermediate position thereof.

The Figure 3 shows a solution quite similar to that of the Figure 2 , so that it is applicable to the case in which the elastic connection is made by two internal faces, using the panels 4, 4 'associated with the respective faces and fixed in the same manner as that indicated for the Figure 2 .

However, there are other combinatorial possibilities between plates and panels, as shown by Figures 4 and 5 , in which it will be appreciated, respectively, the application to the case of a construction solution which uses two plates 1 backed, superimposed on each other, combined with a panel disposed on the inner surface of the plate la more interior, while on the other side, there is shown the use of a single panel 4 'associated with the corresponding plate 1, it being understood that this is only a form of representation and in no case a limitation, since a solution of the same type could be envisaged on the second face, using two plasterboards and an inner panel as on the first face, while the Figure 5 shows the panel 4 of the first face interposed between the two plates 1 of plaster. In all cases, screws 3 are used as connecting means between the plates, panels and metal profiles.

To achieve the assembly of the system of the invention, the first step is, like the assemblies without mineral wool panel, to build the metal structure 2 for the partitions, or to fix the profiles 2 to the wall for the facings, or ironwork for suspended ceilings. The mineral wool panels 4 are then placed on one of the faces of the partition, or on the face of the facing or the false ceiling. In the case of siding or false ceilings, before the installation of the panels, care shall be taken to make the connections of the installations and / or the insulation of the rooms.

The panels are temporarily attached to the metal structure by means of fast-drying adhesives (for example, by means of a hot-melt melting gun or polyethylene), double-sided adhesives on a supporting tape, .... The panel 4 can incorporate on one of its faces, in the longitudinal direction, strips of adhesive protected by peelable ribbons. Once these tapes have been removed, the adhesive tape is exposed to allow the temporary fixing, by gluing, of the panel 4 on the vertical uprights 2. Said strips generally coincide with the longitudinal ends of the panel. Once the first face of the panels 4 mineral wool in place, the plates 1 are fixed mechanically. The self-tapping screws 3 have, as has been said, a length greater than the thickness of the mineral wool panel compared to the usual length of the screw for an identical assembly without the elastic connection system. When screwing the screws 3 on the upright 2, the plate 1 compresses the panel 4 of mineral wool in the region of the upright, which ensures the strength of the assembly. The density of the panel is designed so that the compression remains low and the assembly is solid. It is convenient to place the longitudinal joints (vertical) between the panels 4 in uprights 2 which do not coincide with the longitudinal joints (vertical) between the plates. To facilitate this implementation operation, the panels 4 may have longitudinal lines, marked on one of their faces, separated from each other by the usual distances between amounts (300, 400 or 600 mm). For example: in plates of 1200 mm wide, the joints of the mineral wool panels coincide with the middle of the plate, in other words at 600 mm.

In the partitions, it is possible to fill the space between the uprights 2 mineral wool, as is usually done in the usual building solutions. It is also possible, with this system, to move any type of facilities between the amounts, which have orifices for this purpose.

The next step is to set up the next group of panels 4 '(in the double-elastic partition walls), and, finally, to close the partition with the other surface of the plates 1.

Fixtures with various plates 1 on each side of the metal structure ( Figures 4 or 5 ) are made in a similar way by placing the mineral wool panels against the metal structure.

The resilient and absorbent acoustic connection system has certain qualities and advantages over prior art systems. Thus, while sandwich plasterboard construction systems or similar systems provide the building industry with fast, high-quality mounting solutions, one of their main contributions is their excellent acoustic performance, providing significantly higher levels of sound insulation. to those of construction solutions using brickworks or concreting, the weight and thickness of which are greater. The reason for this excellent acoustic behavior does not lie exclusively in the mass law, as is the case with massive or rigid solutions, but, in the case of plate-based construction systems, their insulation is due to the behavior " Mass-Spring-Mass "system, a concept well known in the world of acoustics. Upon closer examination of this principle, the elastic and absorbent acoustic connection system provides exceptional acoustic values due to the improved spring effect, which eliminates the rigidity (acoustic bridge) and resonance present between the metal structure and plate. The exclusive improvement aspect compared to other elements that could be interposed between the uprights and the plates comes from the absorbing capacity of the sound energy of the mineral wool. In addition, in this mounting system, the absorbent surface is maximum and continuous, including the area corresponding to the metal structure.

While the traditional mineral-wool uprights between uprights provide elasticity and sound insulation, the elastic and absorbent acoustic connection system maximizes the phenomenon in that it softens the plate-structure connection surface by incorporating an elastic and absorbent element. the sound waves. The system of the invention makes it possible to obtain acoustic results equivalent to those of assemblies of greater thickness (loss of useful area) or of greater weight. This situation has been graphically represented in relation to the Figure 6 drawings, which serves to explain the acoustic and thermal behavior of an assembly according to the system of the invention.

According to this representation, it is possible to distinguish various clearly differentiated zones in the assembly produced according to the system of the invention, comprising: zones "A" of elastic connection, defined by the connection with the metal supports 2 by means of screws 3 ; zones "B" for extending the sound absorption, such as the extension between the panels 4 of mineral wool or the like; zones "C" of reduction of the resonant frequency, by virtue of the change of medium ensured by the connection between the elements constituted by the panels 4 and the plaster plates 1; and, finally, zones "D", or intermediate spaces may be lined with mineral wool to ensure maximum sound insulation.

Furthermore, in applications requiring thermal insulation, the system offers the additional advantage of eliminating the thermal bridge of the metal structure. It is possible to build a continuous vapor barrier if the mineral wool panels have a vapor barrier coating, the vertical joint between the panels being sealed with a tape.

For this purpose, by reference once again to the above mentioned areas in relation to the acoustic insulation, it will be appreciated that the zones "A" make it possible to eliminate the thermal bridge; zones "B" constitute a seal for the vapor barrier (as explained in the previous paragraph); zones "C" allow a vapor barrier coating of the mineral wool panel 4 and, finally, the "D" zones allow, again, the lining with mineral wool to ensure optimal thermal insulation.

Finally, the fact that the panels 4, 4 'of mineral wool have a certain density makes it possible to obtain improvements in the fire resistance of the building solutions that incorporate the system, whether in their variant of elastic connection to a face, or faces. This aspect should be evaluated in this case by means of relevant tests, according to each particular solution.

It is not considered useful to extend the content of the present description to allow an expert in the field to understand its scope and the benefits derived from the invention, and to develop and put into practice its object.

That said, it is understood that the invention has been described according to a preferred embodiment thereof, so that it may be subject to modifications without in any way impairing the basis of said invention, these modifications that can be made in particular to the shape, dimensions and / or materials of manufacture of the elements involved in the system of the invention as defined in the claims.

Claims (13)

1. Construction element, in particular a partition or ceiling, composed of :

   - a structure (2), in particular a self-supporting structure, composed of metal structural sections or similar structural sections,

   - at least one facing, composed of rigid boards (1) of plaster or of plaster comprising a load, and forming one face of the construction element, the rigid boards (1) of plaster or of plaster comprising a load of the said facing being associated with the structure (2) using fixing means (3), and

   - at least one mineral wool panel (4, 4'), which is arranged between a rigid board (1) of plaster or of plaster comprising a load and the structure (2), the mineral wool panel (4, 4') being placed against the structural sections of the structure (2),
   the fixing means (3) compressing the panel at the structural sections of the structure by crossing the rigid board (1) of plaster or of plaster comprising a load, the mineral wool panel (4), and anchoring themselves in the structural sections of the structure (2) .
2. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fixing means (3) is a screw, in particular a self-tapping screw.
3. Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a facing composed of rigid boards (1) fixed to the structure (2) on each of the sides of the said structure (2) to form two faces of the construction element.
4. Construction element according to Claim 3, characterized in that at least one mineral wool panel (4) is arranged on each of the sides of the structure (2) between the said structure and the rigid boards (1).
5. Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one face of the construction element comprises a facing composed of two superposed sets of rigid boards (1).
6. Construction element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the other face of the construction element comprises a mineral wool panel (4,) located between two rigid boards (1), which are fixed to the structure (2).
7. Construction element according to Claim 3, characterized in that the internal space ("D") between the two faces of the construction element can incorporate a mineral wool filler to guarantee maximum thermal and acoustic insulation.
8. Construction element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, as an additional improvement, the mineral wool panels (4, 4') are capable of incorporating on one and/or the other of their faces, coverings made of glass films or coverings forming a vapour barrier to prevent condensation effects, which can occur in applications in which the construction element is required to ensure thermal insulation.
9. Construction element according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it facilitates temporary securing of the mineral wool panel (4) to the metal structure (2), before fixing of the sandwich or fibre-reinforced plasterboard (1), by using mineral wool panels (4) capable of incorporating an adhesive strip on the surface superposed on the uprights and against the vertical longitudinal edges of the panel, such that the said self-adhesive strip is kept protected by a transfer tape suitable for removal at the time of application of the mineral wool panel (4) against the upright (2).
10. Construction element according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it facilitates installation of the sandwich plasterboards (1) by using the mineral wool panels (4) likely to comprise longitudinal lines marked on the surface to remain superposed on the board and spaced between themselves and between the longitudinal edges of the mineral wool panel (4) according to the usual spacings between the axes of the uprights (2).
11. Construction process for a construction element, in particular a partition or a ceiling, comprising the following stages:

    - a self-supporting structure (2) composed of metal structural sections or similar structural sections is built,

    - mineral wool panels (4, 4') are arranged on at least one of the faces of the structural sections of the structure,

    - rigid boards (1) of plaster or of plaster comprising a load are arranged on the mineral wool panels (4, 4'),

    - the construction element is assembled with fixing means (3), which compress the panel at the structural sections of the structure (2) by crossing the rigid board (1) of plaster or of plaster comprising a load, the mineral wool panel (4) and anchoring themselves in the structural sections of the structure (2).
12. Construction process according to Claim 11, characterized in that the fixing means (3) crosses a rigid board (1) and a mineral wool panel (4, 4'), and anchors itself in the structural sections of the structure (2).
13. Use of construction elements according to one of Claims 1 to 10 for constructing buildings, in particular dwellings or commercial buildings.

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