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EP1448271B2 - Respiratory protection mask for a compressed air breathing apparatus - Google Patents
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EP1448271B2 - Respiratory protection mask for a compressed air breathing apparatus - Google Patents

Respiratory protection mask for a compressed air breathing apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1448271B2
EP1448271B2 EP02772058A EP02772058A EP1448271B2 EP 1448271 B2 EP1448271 B2 EP 1448271B2 EP 02772058 A EP02772058 A EP 02772058A EP 02772058 A EP02772058 A EP 02772058A EP 1448271 B2 EP1448271 B2 EP 1448271B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
control membrane
air outlet
membrane
lid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02772058A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1448271A1 (en
EP1448271B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Kling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MSA Auer GmbH
Original Assignee
MSA Auer GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=7707806&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1448271(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by MSA Auer GmbH filed Critical MSA Auer GmbH
Publication of EP1448271A1 publication Critical patent/EP1448271A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1448271B1 publication Critical patent/EP1448271B1/en
Publication of EP1448271B2 publication Critical patent/EP1448271B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B18/00—Breathing masks or helmets, e.g. affording protection against chemical agents or for use at high altitudes or incorporating a pump or compressor for reducing the inhalation effort
    • A62B18/08—Component parts for gas-masks or gas-helmets, e.g. windows, straps, speech transmitters, signal-devices
    • A62B18/10—Valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a respirator for SCBA, with an automatic regulator, which is controlled by a control membrane, and an exhalation valve with air outlet.
  • Respiratory masks are usually operated in conjunction with a compressed air breathing apparatus with a lung machine, which is connected via a screw or plug connection with the mask body.
  • This understandably highly sensitive, thin membrane made of an elastic material is extremely sensitive to the environmental influences caused by extreme temperatures and aggressive media.
  • the functionality of the membrane can be impaired, for example, by reducing the elasticity at low temperatures and thereby the breathing resistance and the sensitivity is adversely affected or the membrane material of aggressive gases such as hydrogen sulfide or phosgene, penetrated, destroyed or at least impaired in its mechanical properties.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, an A temschutzmnaske of the type mentioned in such a way that the function of the control diaphragm is not affected by temperature influences and aggressive media and a long life is guaranteed.
  • the basic idea of the invention consists in the arrangement of an air outlet of the exhalation valve and the control membrane together cross-cap, which has at the opposite, that is, remote from the air outlet side, air outlet openings.
  • a flushing chamber or flushing channel is created above the control membrane, flows uniformly tempered, clean exhaled air of the mask wearer from the air outlet of the respirator over the surface of the control diaphragm to the air outlet opening in the cap and thereby flushes away the aggressive gases and at the same time the control diaphragm on a constant Temperature keeps or cools or heats according to the outside temperature. This ensures undisturbed functionality and a long service life of the control diaphragm.
  • DE 11 53 258 is formed above the control diaphragm a partitioned by an intermediate wall space in which the exhaled air flows through a connecting piece and from which the exhaled air flows through openings to the outside.
  • an exhalation valve is arranged at a small distance from the center of the membrane. Rinsing and tempering of the entire surface of the membrane is not possible with this arrangement, since no flushing channel is formed above the membrane.
  • the mask body 1 of a respirator has an automatic regulator 2 for supplying the air provided by a compressed air reservoir via a pressure reducer and a medium pressure line 3 to the mask wearer.
  • the control of the air supply according to the respiratory rhythm via an actuated by inhalation control membrane 4, which is connected via a lever system with a control valve (not shown) for releasing the medium-pressure line 3 during inhalation.
  • the arrows A, B and C show the path of the inhaled air from the medium pressure line 3 via the chamber 5 and the air inlet 6 of the lung machine and along the mask discs 12 to the mask wearer, while the spent air in the direction of arrows D. , E and F via the exhalation valve 7 enters the outside.
  • the exhaled air from the mask wearer but not directly into the open air, but via an air outlet 8 in the limited by a cap 9 Spülraum 10 above the control diaphragm 4. That is, at each Ausatemzyklus uniformly tempered, clean purging air , namely the exhalation air of the mask wearer, passed over the surface of the control membrane 4. Regardless of the outside temperature, the control diaphragm 4 is thus always uniformly tempered and thus limited in its functionality either by too high or too low outdoor temperatures: The control diaphragm 4 is neither too stiff nor too soft, but retains its predetermined mechanical properties. The breathing conditions for the mask wearer thus remain optimal even under extreme conditions.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a respiratory protection mask for a compressed air breathing apparatus comprising a pulmonary machine which is controlled by a control membrane when the wearer of the mask breathes in. According to the invention, the air outlet of the expiratory valve and the control membrane are covered by a common cover, forming a rinsing area on the outside of the control membrane through which homogeneously temperate, clean rinsing air flows from the air outlet to the air discharge openings in the cover, thereby ensuring high functionality and high service life of the membrane-controlled pulmonary machine despite extreme environmental conditions.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Atemschutzmaske für Preßluftatmer, mit einem Lungenautomaten, der von einer Steuermembran gesteuert wird, und einem Ausatemventil mit Luftauslaß.The invention relates to a respirator for SCBA, with an automatic regulator, which is controlled by a control membrane, and an exhalation valve with air outlet.

Atemschutzmasken werden in Verbindung mit einem Preßluftatmer üblicherweise mit einem Lungenautomaten betrieben, der über einen Schraub- oder Steckanschluß mit dem Maskenkörper verbunden ist. Die Steuerung der Luftzufuhr von einem Druckminderer über eine Mitteldruckleitung erfolgt über eine durch das Einatmen des Maskenträgers betätigte Steuermembran, die über mechanische Verbindung auf ein Steuerventil wirkt, das die Mitteldruckleitung bedarfsabhängig freigibt. Diese verständlicherweise hochempfindliche, dünne Membran aus einem elastischen Material ist gegenüber den durch extreme Temperaturen und aggressive Medien bedingten Umwelteinflüssen äußerst empfindlich. Die Funktionsfähigkeit der Membran kann beeinträchtigt werden, indem beispielsweise bei tiefen Temperaturen die Elastizität verringert und dadurch der Atemwiderstand und die Sensitivität negativ beeinflußt wird oder der Membranwerkstoff von agressiven Gasen, wie Schwefelwasserstoff oder Phosgen, durchdrungen, zerstört oder zumindest in seinen mechanischen Eigenschaften beeinträchtigt wird.Respiratory masks are usually operated in conjunction with a compressed air breathing apparatus with a lung machine, which is connected via a screw or plug connection with the mask body. The control of the air supply from a pressure reducer via a medium pressure line via an actuated by the inhalation of the mask wearer control membrane, which acts via mechanical connection to a control valve, which releases the intermediate pressure line as needed. This understandably highly sensitive, thin membrane made of an elastic material is extremely sensitive to the environmental influences caused by extreme temperatures and aggressive media. The functionality of the membrane can be impaired, for example, by reducing the elasticity at low temperatures and thereby the breathing resistance and the sensitivity is adversely affected or the membrane material of aggressive gases such as hydrogen sulfide or phosgene, penetrated, destroyed or at least impaired in its mechanical properties.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine A-temschutzmnaske der eingangs erwähnten Art so auszubilden, daß die Funktion der Steuermembran durch Temperatureinflüsse und aggressive Medien nicht beeintächtigt und eine lange Lebensdauer gewährleistet ist.The invention is therefore based on the object, an A temschutzmnaske of the type mentioned in such a way that the function of the control diaphragm is not affected by temperature influences and aggressive media and a long life is guaranteed.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe mit einer Atemschutzmaske gemäß den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Aus den Unteransprüchen ergeben sich vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.According to the invention the object is achieved with a respirator according to the features of claim 1. From the dependent claims, advantageous developments of the invention.

Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht in der Anordnung einer den Luftauslaß des Ausatemventils und die Steuermembran gemeinsam übergreifenden Abdeckkappe, die an der gegenüberliegenden, das heißt, von dem Luftauslaß entfernten Seite, Luftaustrittsöffnungen aufweist. Auf diese Weise wird oberhalb der Steuermembran ein Spülraum oder Spülkanal geschaffen, in dem gleichmäßig temperierte, saubere Ausatemluft des Maskenträgers vom Luftauslaß der Atemschutzmaske über die Oberfläche der Steuermembran zur Luftaustrittsöffnung in der Abdeckkappe strömt und dabei die aggressiven Gase wegspült und gleichzeitig die Steuermembran auf einer gleichbleibenden Temperatur hält bzw. entsprechend der Außentemperatur jeweils abkühlt oder erwärmt. Dadurch ist eine ungestörte Funktionsfähigkeit und eine lange Lebensdauer der Steuermembran gewährleistet.The basic idea of the invention consists in the arrangement of an air outlet of the exhalation valve and the control membrane together cross-cap, which has at the opposite, that is, remote from the air outlet side, air outlet openings. In this way, a flushing chamber or flushing channel is created above the control membrane, flows uniformly tempered, clean exhaled air of the mask wearer from the air outlet of the respirator over the surface of the control diaphragm to the air outlet opening in the cap and thereby flushes away the aggressive gases and at the same time the control diaphragm on a constant Temperature keeps or cools or heats according to the outside temperature. This ensures undisturbed functionality and a long service life of the control diaphragm.

Beim Stand der Technik gemäß DE 27 20 681 wird die Ausatemluft beliebig in einen relativ großvolumigen Ausatembeutel aus flexiblem Material eingeblasen und ungerichtet um den Lungenautomaten herum- und aus Ausatemöffnungen herausgeführt. Es ist kein Spülraum bzw. Spülkanal in im Wesentlichen gleichbleibendem, geringen Abstand oberhalb der Steuermembran vorgesehen. Daher erfolgt auch keine gezielte Spülung der Oberfläche der Steuermembran.According to the prior art DE 27 20 681 the exhaled air is blown into any relatively voluminous exhalation bag made of flexible material and passed undirected around the regulator and out of exhalation. There is no flushing chamber or flushing channel provided in a substantially constant, small distance above the control diaphragm. Therefore, there is no targeted flushing of the surface of the control membrane.

Beim Stand der Technik gemäß DE 11 53 258 ist oberhalb der Steuermembran ein durch eine Zwischenwand unterteilter Raum gebildet, in den die Ausatemluft durch einen Anschlussstutzen einströmt und aus dem die Ausatemluft durch Öffnungen ins Freie abströmt. In der Zwischenwand ist ein Ausatemventil in einem geringen Abstand zum Zentrum der Membran angeordnet. Ein Spülen und Temperieren der gesamten Oberfläche der Membran ist mit dieser Anordnung nicht möglich, da oberhalb der Membran kein Spülkanal ausgebildet ist.According to the prior art DE 11 53 258 is formed above the control diaphragm a partitioned by an intermediate wall space in which the exhaled air flows through a connecting piece and from which the exhaled air flows through openings to the outside. In the intermediate wall, an exhalation valve is arranged at a small distance from the center of the membrane. Rinsing and tempering of the entire surface of the membrane is not possible with this arrangement, since no flushing channel is formed above the membrane.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung, in deren einziger Figur eine Atemschutzmaske mit einem an dieser angebrachtem Lungenautomat teilweise im Schnitt dargestellt ist, näher erläutert.An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, in the single figure of a respirator with a pulmonary attached to this partially in section.

Der Maskenkörper 1 einer Atemschutzmaske verfügt über einen Lungenautomaten 2 zur Zuführung der von einem Preßluftreservoir über einen Druckminderer und eine Mitteldruckleitung 3 bereitgestellten Atemluft zum Maskenträger. Die Steuerung der Luftzufuhr entsprechend dem Atmungsrhythmus erfolgt über eine durch das Einatmen betätigte Steuermembran 4, die über ein Hebelsystem mit einem Steuerventil (nicht dargestellt) zur Freigabe der Mitteldruckleitung 3 beim Einatmen verbunden ist. Entlang der stark strichlierten Linie zeigen die Pfeile A, B und C den Weg der Einatemluft von der Mitteldruckleitung 3 über die Kammer 5 und den Lufteinlaß 6 des Lungen-automaten sowie entlang der Maskenscheiben 12 zum Maskenträger, während die verbrauchte Luft in Richtung der Pfeile D, E und F über das Ausatemventil 7 ins Freie gelangt. Wie aus der Zeichnung ersichtlich ist, strömt die vom Maskenträger ausgeatmete Luft aber nicht unmittelbar ins Freie, sondern über einen Luftauslaß 8 in den durch eine Abdeckkappe 9 begrenzten Spülraum 10 oberhalb der Steuermembran 4. Das heißt, bei jedem Ausatemzyklus wird gleichmäßig temperierte, saubere Spülluft, nämlich die Ausatemluft des Maskenträgers, über die Oberfläche der Steuermembran 4 geleitet. Unabhängig von der Außentemperatur ist die Steuermembran 4 somit immer gleichmäßig temperiert und dadurch weder durch zu hohe noch durch zu tiefe Außentemperaturen in ihrer Funktionsfähigkeit eingeschränkt: Die Steuermembran 4 wird weder zu steif noch zu weich, sondern behält ihre vorgegebenen mechanischen Eigenschaften bei. Die Atembedingungen für den Maskenträger bleiben somit auch bei extremen Bedingungen optimal. Darüber hinaus werden aggressive, toxische Gase, wie zum Beispiel Schwefelwasserstoff oder Phosgen, die relativ schnell durch die dünne Steuermembran in den Atemluftbereich diffundieren und den Geräteträger schädigen können, durch die Ausatemluft kontinuierlich von der Steuermembran 4 weggespült, so daß auch diesbezüglich keine Beeinträchtigung der Steuermembran zu befürchten ist, sondern eine lange Lebensdauer und Reinheit der Atemluft gewährleistet ist. Über Luftaustrittsöffnungen 11 in der Abdeckkappe 9 gelangt die Ausatemluft (Spülluft) ins Freie.The mask body 1 of a respirator has an automatic regulator 2 for supplying the air provided by a compressed air reservoir via a pressure reducer and a medium pressure line 3 to the mask wearer. The control of the air supply according to the respiratory rhythm via an actuated by inhalation control membrane 4, which is connected via a lever system with a control valve (not shown) for releasing the medium-pressure line 3 during inhalation. Along the dashed line, the arrows A, B and C show the path of the inhaled air from the medium pressure line 3 via the chamber 5 and the air inlet 6 of the lung machine and along the mask discs 12 to the mask wearer, while the spent air in the direction of arrows D. , E and F via the exhalation valve 7 enters the outside. As can be seen from the drawing, the exhaled air from the mask wearer but not directly into the open air, but via an air outlet 8 in the limited by a cap 9 Spülraum 10 above the control diaphragm 4. That is, at each Ausatemzyklus uniformly tempered, clean purging air , namely the exhalation air of the mask wearer, passed over the surface of the control membrane 4. Regardless of the outside temperature, the control diaphragm 4 is thus always uniformly tempered and thus limited in its functionality either by too high or too low outdoor temperatures: The control diaphragm 4 is neither too stiff nor too soft, but retains its predetermined mechanical properties. The breathing conditions for the mask wearer thus remain optimal even under extreme conditions. In addition, aggressive, toxic gases, such as hydrogen sulfide or phosgene, which diffuse relatively quickly through the thin control membrane in the breathing air and can damage the equipment carrier, continuously flushed away by the exhaled air from the control diaphragm 4, so that in this respect no impairment of the control membrane is to be feared, but a long life and purity of the air is guaranteed. About air outlet openings 11 in the cap 9, the exhaled air (purge air) enters the outside.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Maskenkörpermask body
22
Lungenautomatregulator
33
MitteldruckleitungMedium pressure line
44
Steuermembrancontrol membrane
55
Kammerchamber
66
Lufteinlaßair intake
77
Ausatemventilexhalation valve
88th
Luftauslaßair outlet
99
Abdeckkappecap
1010
SpülraumWash cabinet
1111
LuftaustrittsöffnungenAir outlet openings
1212
Maskenscheibenmask discs
Pfeilearrows
A-B-C Weg der EinatemluftA-B-C Path of inhaled air
Pfeilearrows
D-E-F Weg der AusatemluftD-E-F Path of exhaled air

Claims (3)

  1. Respirator mask for a compressed air breathing apparatus with a lung machine (2) controlled by a control membrane (4) and an expiratory valve (7) with an air outlet (8), characterized by a lid (9), that covers both the air outlet (8) and the control membrane (4),
    that restricts a purging space (10) above the control membrane (4),
    that runs at an essentially equal small distance above the control membrane (4) to separate it from the ambient atmosphere to form a purging channel (10) and
    that comprises air discharge openings (11) on the side of the air outlet (8) that faces away from the air outlet (8) of the expiratory valve (7),
    whereby the purging channel (10) is formed between the lid (9) and the control membrane (4) to uniformly purge and moderate the surface of the control membrane (4) with exhaled air and
    whereby in the purging channel (10) uniformly moderated, clean exhaled air flows from the air outlet (8) over the surface of the control membrane (4) to the air discharge openings (11) in the lid (9).
  2. Respirator mask according to claim 1, characterized in that the lid (9) is an integral part of the lung machine (2).
  3. Respirator mask according to claim 1, characterized in that the lid (9) is separately attached to the lung machine (2).
EP02772058A 2001-11-27 2002-09-10 Respiratory protection mask for a compressed air breathing apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP1448271B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10159219A DE10159219B4 (en) 2001-11-27 2001-11-27 Respiratory mask for a compressed air breathing apparatus
DE10159219 2001-11-27
PCT/DE2002/003420 WO2003047698A1 (en) 2001-11-27 2002-09-10 Respiratory protection mask for a compressed air breathing apparatus

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1448271A1 EP1448271A1 (en) 2004-08-25
EP1448271B1 EP1448271B1 (en) 2006-03-01
EP1448271B2 true EP1448271B2 (en) 2009-10-07

Family

ID=7707806

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02772058A Expired - Lifetime EP1448271B2 (en) 2001-11-27 2002-09-10 Respiratory protection mask for a compressed air breathing apparatus

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (2) US7673630B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1448271B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE318647T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002336904A1 (en)
DE (2) DE10159219B4 (en)
ES (1) ES2259100T5 (en)
WO (1) WO2003047698A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10159219B4 (en) * 2001-11-27 2005-09-29 Msa Auer Gmbh Respiratory mask for a compressed air breathing apparatus
US20060048774A1 (en) * 2002-12-11 2006-03-09 Paul Townsend Breathing apparatus
US10159856B1 (en) * 2013-11-07 2018-12-25 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Apparatus and method for replacing an air filter of an air filtration mask
DE102015204645B4 (en) 2015-03-13 2020-04-23 Msa Europe Gmbh Respirator
CN107822232B (en) * 2017-12-05 2023-08-22 王冬艳 Electric mask back flushing integrated machine

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB934213A (en) † 1959-04-04 1963-08-14 L V A S Soc An Lavoraz Varie A An improved air delivery unit for underwater respirators
DE1153258B (en) † 1961-05-16 1963-08-22 Draegerwerk Ag Compressed gas breathing apparatus with lung-controlled breathing gas supply valve
US3957044A (en) † 1974-11-11 1976-05-18 Nasa Self-contained breathing apparatus
DE2720681B1 (en) † 1977-05-07 1978-11-02 Auergesellschaft Gmbh Respirator with a respirator that serves as a breathing port

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE695492C (en) 1935-01-16 1940-08-26 Draegerwerk Heinr U Bernh Drae Exhalation valve for gas masks
DE1945462U (en) * 1965-03-17 1966-09-01 Draegerwerk Ag RESPIRATORY MASK FOR RESPIRATORY DEVICES WITH COMPRESSED GAS SUPPLY AND A LUNG-CONTROLLED VALVE ON THE MASK.
DE1708045A1 (en) 1967-06-03 1972-01-05 Draegerwerk Ag Respirator with exhalation valve antechamber and speech membrane
DE1945462A1 (en) * 1969-09-08 1971-03-11 Schieck Karl Dipl Ing Track, e.g. Rail or tram and the like.
DE2852016A1 (en) * 1978-12-01 1980-06-04 Draegerwerk Ag DIAPHRAGM FOR BREATH-CONTROLLED DOSING VALVE
US4856120A (en) 1988-01-25 1989-08-15 Undersea Industries, Inc. Dive mask
IT1216459B (en) * 1988-02-26 1990-03-08 Ind Pirelli S P A Milano Minis PROTECTIVE MASK FOR OPERATIONAL INTERVENTIONS IN CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENTS.
DE4237294C1 (en) * 1992-11-05 1993-11-25 Draegerwerk Ag Breathing mask with positive pressure inside the mask
CA2255040C (en) * 1996-06-05 2003-04-01 Scott Technologies, Inc. Breathing apparatus
US5787882A (en) * 1996-06-21 1998-08-04 Computer Assisted Engineering Demand valve resuscitator
DE10159219B4 (en) * 2001-11-27 2005-09-29 Msa Auer Gmbh Respiratory mask for a compressed air breathing apparatus

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB934213A (en) † 1959-04-04 1963-08-14 L V A S Soc An Lavoraz Varie A An improved air delivery unit for underwater respirators
DE1153258B (en) † 1961-05-16 1963-08-22 Draegerwerk Ag Compressed gas breathing apparatus with lung-controlled breathing gas supply valve
US3957044A (en) † 1974-11-11 1976-05-18 Nasa Self-contained breathing apparatus
DE2720681B1 (en) † 1977-05-07 1978-11-02 Auergesellschaft Gmbh Respirator with a respirator that serves as a breathing port

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7673630B2 (en) 2010-03-09
DE10159219B4 (en) 2005-09-29
DE10159219A1 (en) 2003-06-12
US20050066966A1 (en) 2005-03-31
WO2003047698A1 (en) 2003-06-12
DE50205957D1 (en) 2006-04-27
ES2259100T3 (en) 2006-09-16
ES2259100T5 (en) 2009-12-28
EP1448271A1 (en) 2004-08-25
US8245712B2 (en) 2012-08-21
AU2002336904A1 (en) 2003-06-17
US20110226251A1 (en) 2011-09-22
EP1448271B1 (en) 2006-03-01
ATE318647T1 (en) 2006-03-15

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