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EP1477678B2 - Détection anticipée de pannes dans les soupapes de pompes - Google Patents
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EP1477678B2 - Détection anticipée de pannes dans les soupapes de pompes - Google Patents

Détection anticipée de pannes dans les soupapes de pompes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1477678B2
EP1477678B2 EP04011109.8A EP04011109A EP1477678B2 EP 1477678 B2 EP1477678 B2 EP 1477678B2 EP 04011109 A EP04011109 A EP 04011109A EP 1477678 B2 EP1477678 B2 EP 1477678B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
valve
valves
generated
signal level
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04011109.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1477678B1 (fr
EP1477678A3 (fr
EP1477678A2 (fr
Inventor
Eberhard Prof. Dr. Schlücker
Ralf Benken
Michael Stritzelberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lewa GmbH
Original Assignee
Lewa GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Lewa GmbH filed Critical Lewa GmbH
Publication of EP1477678A2 publication Critical patent/EP1477678A2/fr
Publication of EP1477678A3 publication Critical patent/EP1477678A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1477678B1 publication Critical patent/EP1477678B1/fr
Publication of EP1477678B2 publication Critical patent/EP1477678B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B51/00—Testing machines, pumps, or pumping installations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring and automatic early fault detection of the valves, in particular the suction and / or pressure valves, an oscillating positive displacement pump, in particular a diaphragm metering pump, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out this method according to the preamble of claim 8.
  • the pump valves in particular the suction and pressure valves, have a decisive influence on the pump function.
  • suction and pressure valves are subject to constant wear, which has a negative effect on the pump capacity and on their dosing accuracy.
  • valves fail prematurely. This causes unwanted consequential damage due to the then necessary immediate service interruption.
  • Out GB 2 314 412 A is already a method for state and performance evaluation of pumps of any type with the aid of acoustic measurements known.
  • the ratio of current measurements to reference values is used as a measure of the performance of the pump.
  • averaged sound levels and peak values are used during certain periods.
  • additional measured values such as the absorbed power, the delivery head and the pump speed, can be used.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to eliminate the disadvantages described to provide a method and a device by which it is possible to monitor the valves of a pump of the generic type such that there is an automatic early fault detection of the valves, so that valve damage be recognized in time and a shutdown of the pump can be planned.
  • the invention also provides an apparatus provided for carrying out this method, the features of which are listed in claim 8
  • the inventive method is based on the essential idea to use the increased operating noise generated by a leaking valve due to the backflow of the conveying fluid in the closed valve state as a measure of the leakage of the valve.
  • the generated effective signal level is continuously monitored and compared with a reference signal level formed by the operating sound of the intact-valve pump, and at a predetermined level deviation due to increased operating noise, an early fault indication is triggered.
  • both the effective signal level and the reference signal level are averaged over a predetermined period of time, that the one used during a fraction of the Pumpenhubzyklus as a predetermined averaging period and that further to form the average value of the respective signal level, a trigger signal at a defined time during the Pump stroke cycle is used.
  • the invention thus makes use of the effect in an advantageous manner that a certain background noise can be seen with an intact pump. At the same time, some discrete typical individual noises occur. These have various causes, such as the meshing in the reduction gear on the pump engine or the opening and closing noises of the valves.
  • the suction and pressure valves used in the oscillating displacement pumps are usually either ball valves or plate valves or conical valves, which can be spring-loaded or pressure-controlled.
  • the demands placed on these valves are that they must open and close at exactly the right time and that they must be tight in the intended time.
  • the damage that may occur to such valves manifests itself either in notch leakage generated by one or more notches on the valve seat, causing local damage, or from a surface damage generating surface lobe.
  • the sealing edge of the valve seat is not punctually damaged by one or more notches, but over the entire circumference. In both cases, an increased flow noise occurs at the valve seat, resulting in u.a. can be explained by the coincidence of cavitation bubbles occurring.
  • the generated operating noise of the pump and thus also that of the valves is measured as structure-borne noise.
  • This can be done in an embodiment of the invention by means of a structure-borne sound sensor or a microphone, but in particular by means of a vibration acceleration sensor, which preferably operates on the piezoelectric compression principle and may have an integrated charge amplifier.
  • the generated structure-borne noise at the pump head in particular at a central point thereof, can be measured.
  • the generated structure-borne sound at or near the relevant valve may be the suction and / or pressure valve, in addition, however, also provided on the pump body further hydraulic valves, which serve to supplement the leak or the removal of excess hydraulic fluid.
  • the evaluation of the signals takes place within a defined time window in the stroke cycle.
  • a trigger signal is used, which is generated at a defined point in time of the pump lifting cycle. This can e.g. take place in the suction stroke end position of the piston.
  • the trigger signal advantageously does not have to meet very high accuracy requirements.
  • the generated structure-borne sound signal during the displacement phase is detected and compared for monitoring the suction valve in a defined period.
  • the corresponding period in the intake phase is used as the basis for the monitoring of the pressure valve.
  • the defined period of time may extend only for the sake of example for monitoring the pressure valve over a range of 90-160 ° of the crank angle, while for the monitoring of the suction valve such a defined period is sufficient, which extends over a range of 270-340 ° of the crank angle extends.
  • the trigger signal can be generated in various ways, for example by means of a contactor mounted on the pump engine, by means of a corresponding scanning of the piston rod, by means of the detection of a characteristic signal in the structure-borne noise signal generated, for example due to the play envelope in the engine, and also on the basis of other characteristic signals. eg the respectively measured pressure in the air space of the hydraulic storage space or in the engine.
  • reference value is suitably taken, which is assigned to an intact valve.
  • This reference value may be detected in a variety of ways, for example by measuring in good condition of the valve under operating conditions, by a selection of predefined values, e.g. from a matrix with defined values for different valve designs and operating conditions, from a map determination, i. a computational determination of valve data and operating data, such as delivery pressure, fluid, etc., and the like.
  • the mean value can be formed from a number of pump strokes.
  • the automatic early failure detection method according to the invention is insensitive to short-term disturbances. This can e.g. be useful when polluted fluids are metered by the pump in question. By fluid particles that are inadvertently clamped between the valve seat and valve closing body, it comes with individual pump strokes to a fluid backflow, but because only briefly and temporarily occurring, should not be displayed as a fault.
  • a further embodiment of the method according to the invention can be that of a number of pump strokes before their further signal processing a certain number of pump strokes with extreme values or with implausible values are sorted out.
  • the signal values of 100 pump strokes can be detected, whereby three pump strokes with the highest as well as the lowest individual values are sorted out in each case.
  • the average value is then formed from the remaining 94 values.
  • the structure-borne sound signal generated by the respective valve is amplified by means of valve internals. These are in particular fittings on the valve seat whose purpose is to be excited to vibrate due to the leakage flow back to achieve an amplification of the structure-borne sound signal.
  • the inventively provided device for carrying out the described method is provided with a connected to a pump component measuring device which monitors the increased operating noise generated by a leaking valve due to the backflow of the conveying fluid in the closed valve state and measures as RMS signal level, and with a device connected to the measuring device which compares the RMS signal level with a reference signal level formed by the operating sound of the intact valve pump, and generates a Fault Report as Fault Early Detection at a predetermined level deviation or change.
  • the measuring device has at least one sensor for detecting the structure-borne noise generated by the operating noise of the pump.
  • this structure-borne sound sensor may be a vibration acceleration sensor, preferably piezoelectrically operating.
  • the measuring device can either be connected to the pump head, in particular at a central point thereof. Instead, it is also possible to have the measuring device directly on or near the pump valves, i. the suction and pressure valve and the other hydraulic valves to provide.
  • the generated structure-borne sound signal can be amplified by suitable internals in the valve seat according to the invention.
  • a vibration device is provided, which is provided at or near the valve seat.
  • Such a vibration device may consist of at least one wing installed at an angle into the valve or else a membrane sheet metal ring which is installed in the valve seat.
  • the method and apparatus according to the invention can be used both in a diaphragm metering pump 1 and in a piston pump 2 for use.
  • a measuring device 5 is provided which is connected to a central point of the pump cap 6 and that of a leaky valve 3 and 4 due to the backflow of the conveying fluid monitored in the closed valve state generated increased operating noise and measures as RMS signal level.
  • the measuring device 5 is designed for measuring the structure-borne noise generated in each case by the operating noise and has a corresponding sensor. This is in the illustrated embodiment, a piezoelectric vibration acceleration sensor.
  • a comparison device 7 which compares the effective signal level supplied by the measuring device 5 via a signal line 8 with a reference signal level formed by the operating noise of the pump with intact valves 3 and 4 and generates a fault message as early fault detection at a predetermined level deviation or change ,
  • FIG. 2a - 2e the various diagrams show the characteristics of the diaphragm metering pump 1 according to FIG Fig. 1 , Here is in Fig. 2a the piston travel over time shown.
  • Fig. 2b shows the pressure curve in the hydraulic chamber 9 of the pump 1, wherein clearly the characteristic curve of the pressure stroke carried out by the piston 10 and the suction stroke of the membrane 11 (s. Fig. 1 ) is recognizable.
  • Fig. 2c the course of the operating noise generated by a pump 1 with intact valves 3 and 4, which is measured as structure-borne noise signal, designed in a typical manner, wherein the in Fig. 2c illustrated course represents the reference signal level. This represents typical noise peaks that are generated during the pressure stroke and suction stroke performed by the pump piston 10.
  • FIG. 2d shows the structure-borne sound profile of a pump 1 with defective suction valve 3, which typically occurs during the pressure stroke carried out by the piston 10, since in this case the suction valve 3 no longer closes exactly due to the leak and thus allows an undesirable leakage flow into the intake.
  • Fig. 3a and 3b show the level profile of the measured structure-borne sound signal in averaged form, wherein in Fig. 3a the averaging period during several pump strokes, that is, several times during the pressure stroke and the suction stroke, is shown and the early fault detection can be detected due to an increased RMS signal level. In contrast, shows Fig. 3b the waveform at an averaging period, which extends only over a fraction of the pump stroke cycle, in the illustrated case during only a certain time of the suction stroke.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé pour la surveillance et pour la reconnaissance précoce automatique de perturbations des clapets, en particulier des clapets d'aspiration et/ou de refoulement, d'une pompe à refoulement oscillante, en particulier d'une pompe de dosage à membrane,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le bruit de fonctionnement accru engendré par un clapet non étanche en raison du reflux du fluide refoulé à l'état fermé du clapet et mesuré à titre de bruit structurel est utilisé à titre de mesure pour la non étanchéité du clapet, du fait que l'on surveille en continu le niveau de signal effectif engendré moyenné sur une période temporelle prédéterminée, et qu'on le compare avec un niveau de signal de référence formé par le bruit de fonctionnement de la pompe avec des clapets intacts et moyenné également sur une période temporelle prédéterminée,
    en ce que l'on utilise à titre de période temporelle prédéterminée pour le niveau de signal respectif celle pendant une fraction du cycle de la course de pompe, et
    en ce que l'on utilise, pour former la valeur moyenne du niveau de signal respectif, un signal de déclenchement à un instant défini pendant le cycle de la course de pompe.
    et dans lequel, lors d'un écart ou d'une variation prédéterminé(e) du niveau dû à un bruit de fonctionnement accru, une indication de reconnaissance précoce de perturbation est déclenchée.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le bruit de fonctionnement de la pompe mesuré en tant que bruit structurel et donc également celui des clapets est détecté au moyen d'au moins un détecteur de bruit structurel ou microphone.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise à titre de détecteur de bruit structurel un détecteur d'accélération d'oscillations.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le bruit structurel engendré est mesuré au niveau de la tête de pompe, en particulier à un emplacement central de celle-ci.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le bruit structurel engendré est mesuré au niveau ou à proximité des clapets.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le signal de déclenchement est engendré au moyen d'un contacteur monté sur l'entraînement de pompe.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 2 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le signal de bruit structurel engendré par le clapet respectif est amplifié au moyen d'éléments intégrés au clapet.
  8. Dispositif pour mettre en oeuvre le procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par
    un dispositif de mesure (5) raccordé à un composant de la pompe, qui surveille le bruit de fonctionnement accru engendré par un clapet non étanche (3 ou 4) en raison du reflux du fluide refoulé à l'état fermé du clapet et qui mesure ce bruit sous la forme d'un niveau de signal effectif, et
    par un dispositif de comparaison (7) relié au dispositif de mesure (5), qui compare le niveau du signal effectif, moyenné sur une période temporelle prédéterminée, avec un niveau de signal de référence formé par le bruit de fonctionnement de la pompe avec clapets intacts (3 ou 4) et également moyenné sur une période temporelle prédéterminée, et qui, lors d'un écart ou d'une modification prédéterminé(e), engendre un avertissement de perturbation à titre de reconnaissance précoce de perturbation.
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de mesure (5) comprend au moins un capteur pour détecter le bruit structurel engendré par le bruit de fonctionnement de la pompe (1 ou 2).
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le détecteur de bruit structurel est un détecteur d'accélération d'oscillations (5).
  11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de mesure (5) est raccordé à la tête de pompe (6), en particulier à un emplacement central de celle-ci.
  12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de mesure (5) est prévu au niveau ou à proximité des clapets de pompe (3, 4).
  13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 9 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le clapet de pompe à surveiller (3, 4) comprend un organe oscillant, pour amplifier le signal de bruit structurel engendré, qui est prévu au niveau ou à proximité du siège de clapet.
  14. Dispositif selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que l'organe oscillant est constitué par au moins une pale intégrée en oblique dans le clapet (3 ou 4).
  15. Dispositif selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que l'organe oscillant est une bague en tôle pour membrane.
EP04011109.8A 2003-05-16 2004-05-10 Détection anticipée de pannes dans les soupapes de pompes Expired - Lifetime EP1477678B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10322220 2003-05-16
DE10322220A DE10322220C5 (de) 2003-05-16 2003-05-16 Störungsfrüherkennung an Pumpenventilen

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1477678A2 EP1477678A2 (fr) 2004-11-17
EP1477678A3 EP1477678A3 (fr) 2005-06-29
EP1477678B1 EP1477678B1 (fr) 2007-02-21
EP1477678B2 true EP1477678B2 (fr) 2017-04-19

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ID=32946466

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04011109.8A Expired - Lifetime EP1477678B2 (fr) 2003-05-16 2004-05-10 Détection anticipée de pannes dans les soupapes de pompes

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7069183B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1477678B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE354730T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10322220C5 (fr)

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DE102022207806A1 (de) * 2022-07-28 2024-02-08 Prognost Systems Gmbh Verfahren zur automatischen Überwachung einer Kolbenmaschine, nach dem Verfahren überwachbare Kolbenmaschine und Computerprogramm mit einer Implementation des Verfahrens

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US20040226346A1 (en) 2004-11-18
DE502004002932D1 (de) 2007-04-05
DE10322220B3 (de) 2004-10-07
EP1477678B1 (fr) 2007-02-21
DE10322220C5 (de) 2010-10-14
ATE354730T1 (de) 2007-03-15
EP1477678A3 (fr) 2005-06-29
EP1477678A2 (fr) 2004-11-17
US7069183B2 (en) 2006-06-27

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