EP3003601B2 - Feeder sleeve, forming element for the feeder sleeve and method for casting metal using the same - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a feeder insert for use in casting metals in vertically divisible molds, with a first mold element and a second mold element, which delimit a feeder cavity for receiving liquid metal, the first mold element having a passage opening for the liquid metal and for Attachment to a mold model or a pivoting mold plate is set up.

Riser inserts, also known as risers, are primarily used in the manufacturing process of pouring metals into molds. The feeder inserts usually form a cavity, with the feeder insert being surrounded by a molding material used to produce the mold. The casting space within the casting mold provided for receiving the liquid metal has a passage to the feeder cavity, into which a portion of the liquid metal filled into the casting mold then enters during the casting process. The liquid metal that gets into the feeder should be able to flow back into the casting mold during the solidification process (which is associated with a contraction of the cast metal) in order to compensate for the shrinkage of the casting up to the solidus temperature.

In order to ensure that the metal in the riser flows back, it must be ensured that the metal in the riser insert is still liquid, while the metal inside the mold has already solidified or has already partially solidified into the casting. For this purpose, at least part of the feeder insert usually consists of an insulating and/or exothermic material, an exothermic material being ignited when liquid metal enters the riser insert due to the prevailing temperatures. From this moment on, an exothermic reaction automatically takes place within the material of the riser insert, through which thermal energy is supplied to the metal in the riser over a certain period of time and the metal is kept in the liquid state in the riser cavity and in the transition area to the casting space of the mold.

Due to significantly increased productivity requirements in the area of casting, possibilities were sought to automate mold production and thus enable the production of molds for cast parts in large quantities. For this purpose, for example, automated, vertical green sand molding systems (for example Disamatic molding machines from DISA Industries A/S) were developed, in which, for example, a first model half is mounted on an exclusively linearly adjustable press piston. An assigned second model half is usually mounted on a pivotable mold plate, which is moved back and forth between a horizontal orientation, in which it is equipped with a feeder, for example, and a vertical orientation. In its vertical working position, the pivotable mold plate is often also movable, preferably parallel to the first half of the model. In the case of vertically divided casting molds with which relatively thin-walled castings are produced, there is, for example, the problem of ensuring the replenishment of, for example, insulated, heavy casting sections. In order to ensure the refeeding of such isolated areas, feeder inserts are used whose longitudinal feeder axis is aligned approximately perpendicular to the pivotable mold plate, so that the feeder longitudinal axis of a feeder insert arranged in this way runs approximately horizontally during the casting process. Such a feeder insert has a mold element to be brought into contact with a mold model or a pivotable mold plate, which is equipped with a passage opening for the liquid metal.

From the publication DE 202011103718 U1 a feeder insert for use in casting metals in vertically divisible molds is known, which has a first mold element and a second mold element which delimit the feeder cavity for receiving the liquid metal. The first mold element has an attachment area for attaching to a mold model or a pivotable mold plate. The attachment area is provided with a passage opening for the liquid metal, the central axis of the passage opening being arranged offset from the central region of the first mold element. Through the off-center passage opening, the liquid metal enters a lower region of the riser during the casting process and rises approximately vertically to the feeder's longitudinal axis within the riser insert when the riser insert is in use. This is intended to achieve improved replenishment of the metal during the shrinking process. In order to be able to better absorb the forces acting on the feeder insert when compacting the molding material forming the mold, the one from the DE 202011103718 U1 known feeder insert has a compressible attachment area on its first mold element, which is irreversibly deformed when the mold material is compressed. Depending on the degree of deformation, after the mold material has been compressed, the force pressing the attachment area onto the mold plate can be relatively small, so that under certain circumstances mold material can penetrate into the area between the attachment area and the mold model. In addition, there is a risk that when compressing the attachment area on the first mold element and the associated reduction in distance between the first mold element and the mold model or the pivotable mold plate, an excessively high compression pressure acting on the feeder insert occurs, which often results in the second one breaking can lead to a second shaped element consisting of an exothermic material.

From the DE 34 23 220 A1 and that which goes back to the same applicant DE 84 18 911 U1 a feeder insert for use in casting metals in horizontally divisible molds is known, which comprises a first mold element and a second mold element. The first mold element forms a feeder foot to be attached laterally to a mold model, the first mold element being accommodated in the mold material of the lower mold half below the parting plane between the upper mold half and the lower mold half. The first shaped element has a casing made of an insulating and/or exothermic feeder material. The second mold element is arranged in the upper mold half of the mold and is brought into contact with the first mold element forming the feeder foot when the upper and lower mold halves are put together to form a mold. With the second shaped element placed above the first shaped element, a feeder cavity is formed, the predominant volume fraction of which is arranged above the horizontally extending passage opening of the first shaped element. The molding material is generally compacted separately when producing the individual mold halves in the lower and upper boxes. Additionally, separately when producing the individual mold halves in the lower and upper boxes.

From the publication DE 87 02 296 U1 A feeder insert for use in casting metals in horizontally divisible molds is also known. The feeder insert in turn has a first shaped element designed as a lower feeder part and a second shaped element designed as an upper feeder part. The separation between the first and second mold elements is provided in particular in the area of the parting plane between the upper and lower mold halves. The passage opening to the cast part is formed at least through a region of the second, upper mold element. In the second mold element, a melt reservoir for supplying liquid metal during the solidification process of the casting is provided above the passage opening, which runs horizontally in particular during use.

Based on the problem stated above, the invention is based on the object of specifying a feeder insert which withstands high compaction pressures when producing the casting mold in a vertically divisible casting mold and when used the risk of mold material penetrating between the attachment area and the mold model is reduced.

To solve the above problem, the invention provides a feeder insert according to claim 1 as well as a use according to claim 13 and a method for casting metal according to claim 14. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

The invention solves the underlying problem in a feeder insert of the type mentioned in that the first mold element and the second mold element are telescopically displaceable relative to one another and are set up for positioning by means of a centering mandrel that can be positioned along a centering axis, the centering mandrel being limited by the first and second mold elements Feeder cavity is designed so that when the centering axis is arranged horizontally, a predominant volume fraction of the feeder cavity can be positioned above the centering axis.

The invention thus relates to a feeder insert suitable for use in casting metals in vertically divisible molds manufactured with vertical molding systems such as Disamatic molding machines from DISA Industries A/S. The feeder insert comprises at least a first mold element and a second mold element, which delimit the feeder cavity for receiving liquid metal. The first mold element has a passage opening for the liquid metal, which usually serves to attach to a mold model or a pivotable mold plate. When the metal is poured into the mold, the liquid metal enters the feeder insert via the passage opening; it then flows back through the passage opening from the feeder cavity into the casting mold during the shrinking process (until the casting has completely solidified). The centering axis of the feeder insert, which typically coincides with the center axis of the passage opening, is arranged offset downwards from the central region of the first mold element, particularly when the feeder insert is used in a vertical molding system (i.e. when the centering axis has assumed a horizontal position). The connection between the casting mold and the feeder cavity that guides the metal is then arranged in a lower region of the feeder insert, so that the majority of the volume of the feeder cavity is positioned above the centering axis (and thus typically at the same time above the center axis of the passage opening). The first mold element and the second mold element of a feeder insert according to the invention are designed to be telescopically displaceable relative to one another in sections, so that one of the mold elements, preferably the second mold element, evades the pressure acting primarily on the second mold element when the mold material that ultimately almost completely surrounds or encloses the feeder insert is compressed can. When telescopically displaced relative to each other, a relative movement occurs between the first mold element and the second mold element, the second mold element preferably being pushed in sections over the regularly non-deformable first mold element in the direction of the centering axis, the first mold element with its attachment area and the passage opening formed therein on the mold model or the pivoting mold plate rests or is supported on it.

The invention is based on the knowledge that with a telescopic feeder insert, its first and second mold elements are telescopically displaced relative to one another at least over a section, through the frictional force between the mold elements a sufficiently large contact pressure can be generated between the attachment area of the first mold element and (for example) the mold model, with which a secure contact of the first mold element on the mold model is ensured when compacting the molding material. The displaceability of the second mold element relative to the first mold element also ensures that, in contrast to a feeder insert with a compressible attachment area on the first mold element, the second mold element can easily move in the direction of the mold model if the compression pressure acts excessively on the feeder insert. An equally high compression of the molding material between the first molding element and, for example, the molding model, as is achieved in the prior art by the first molding element moving towards the molding model, so that a relatively high pressure acts on the feeder insert from all sides thus avoided in an advantageous manner. Because the first mold element is fixed to the mold model, the risk of the feeder insert breaking during compaction is significantly reduced. The wall thicknesses of the first and second shaped elements are therefore chosen so that they can ensure the necessary insulation or thermal performance for keeping the metal liquid in the feeder cavity. In addition, the preferred design of the feeder cavity with its volume fraction positioned above the centering axis when the feeder insert is in use to accommodate the liquid metal ensures that during the solidification process and the associated shrinkage process of the casting to be produced, a sufficient amount of liquid metal is present within the riser. There is a cavity that can flow towards the mold.

Also described is a shaped element for use as the first or second shaped element of a feeder insert according to the invention (as defined above or below). With such a mold element, which is used as the first or second mold element of a feeder insert according to the invention, a secure seal between the attachment area of the first mold element and, for example, the mold model or the pivotable mold plate is ensured during the molding material compression, with the feeder insert easily withstanding high compression pressures and thus a high level of quality can be ensured when casting. At the same time, the volume portion formed above the centering axis creates a relatively large reservoir for the metal to be kept liquid.

According to a further embodiment, as an alternative or in addition to the telescopic design of the shaped elements according to the invention, at least one vent opening is provided on the first shaped element (as a component of a feeder insert according to the invention) for venting the feeder cavity delimited by the first and second shaped elements. When the centering axis is arranged horizontally, the ventilation opening should be arranged or positioned above the centering axis in the first mold element, whereby the casting process can be carried out at a correspondingly high speed, without the risk that the feeder will be insufficiently filled with liquid metal due to air accumulating inside is filled.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a kit for producing a feeder insert according to the invention (as defined above or below), comprising a first mold element and a second mold element. Such a kit thus comprises a first mold element and a second mold element, which can be assembled into a feeder insert according to the invention. A given first shaped element can be combined with differently designed second shaped elements and a given second shaped element can be combined with differently designed first shaped elements.

On the feeder insert according to the invention, a conical wall section and/or a cylindrical or non-cylindrical recess for the mandrel tip are provided on the second mold element for positioning the centering mandrel. With the help of the wall sections formed on the second mold element and the (preferably cylindrical) recess for the mandrel tip of the centering mandrel, a simplified placement on the centering mandrel or attachment of the feeder insert to the mold model is achieved. It is preferably provided that the at least one conically extending wall section and the recess are formed on the inner contour of the second shaped element. Preferably, a cylindrical recess is arranged concentrically to the centering axis, which ensures an exact alignment of the feeder insert placed on the centering mandrel with the mold model or the pivotable mold plate, which are preferably used in conjunction with vertically divisible casting molds. The recess preferably corresponds positively to the outer contour of a centering mandrel tip that can be inserted into the recess; A corresponding centering mandrel is preferably part of a kit according to the invention.

Preferably, a ventilation opening for venting the feeder cavity is additionally arranged on the first mold element, which can be positioned above the centering axis when the centering axis is arranged horizontally. When using the feeder insert, the ventilation opening advantageously ensures that in the feeder cavity, in particular in the volume fraction that can be positioned above the centering axis, when the liquid metal is poured into the mold and when it enters or passes into it The riser insert does not form an air cushion that could prevent the liquid metal from rising within the riser cavity. This means that the riser cavity contains a sufficient amount of liquid metal, which can flow back into the mold during the shrinkage process of the solidifying casting. The vent opening is preferably arranged on the first mold element of the feeder insert, which does not change its position relative to the mold model or the pivotable mold plate during compaction of the mold material. The vent opening is arranged or formed, for example, in a wall section which delimits the feeder cavity upwards during use (ie during casting), the vent opening having a center axis which is then preferably at an angle between 0° and 90° to the centering axis of the feeder insert runs. The explained design of a ventilation opening on the first shaped element of a feeder insert is an independent inventive aspect, which should also be considered independently of the telescopic displaceability of the first and second shaped elements relative to one another. A further independent aspect of the invention thus relates to a feeder insert for use in casting metals in vertically divisible molds, with a first mold element and a second mold element, which delimit a feeder cavity for receiving liquid metal and for positioning by means of a centering mandrel that can be positioned along a centering axis are set up, wherein the first shaped element has a passage opening for the liquid metal (the center axis of which preferably coincides with the centering axis) and the first shaped element additionally has a vent opening for venting the feeder cavity; When the centering axis is arranged horizontally, the vent opening can preferably be positioned above the centering axis, and the feeder cavity is preferably designed in such a way that, when the centering axis is arranged horizontally, a predominant volume fraction of the feeder cavity can be positioned above the centering axis. This independent aspect of the invention is combinable with the other aspects of the present invention; With regard to preferred combinations, what is said in the relevant text passages applies accordingly. Alternatively or additionally, a ventilation opening is arranged on the second shaped element of the feeder insert.

The ventilation opening is preferably designed as a ventilation channel, with the ventilation channel preferably running parallel to the centering axis in sections or over its entire length. A simple additional coupling with a structural or attachment part arranged on the mold plate is possible via a ventilation channel that runs horizontally at least in sections when the feeder insert is in use in a vertical molding system. Such a structural or attachment part is preferably arranged on the pivotable mold plate and forms a molded part that extends along a section of the mold plate, which results in a preferably vertically extending ventilation channel on the pivotable mold plate during casting operation. By means of the attachment part, a molded part is thus formed for the ventilation channel, which preferably runs vertically within the mold to be produced, and at the same time a mechanical coupling to the mold plate is created, with which an additional positional securing of the feeder insert according to the invention to the mold model and the mold plate is effected. In addition, the design of the ventilation opening as a channel ensures that the air in the feeder insert can escape quickly during the casting process.

A feeder insert according to the invention is preferred, wherein the second shaped element is formed from an exothermic feeder material or at least partially comprises exothermic feeder material and / or the first shaped element is formed from exothermic feeder material or at least partially comprises exothermic feeder material. With the use of exothermic feeder material, a high level of economic efficiency and in particular good sealing is achieved during the casting process, since the metal in the riser insert can be kept in a liquid state over a comparatively long period of time via the exothermic riser material. Regions, for example, of the second mold element, which are pushed over the first mold element on the outside, can also be made from an insulating feeder material instead of an exothermic one, which advantageously reduces the heat release from the feeder insert. However, molding sand bound with a binder, in particular quartz sand, can also be used as the feeder material. However, an exothermic material is often preferably used to form at least parts of the shaped elements. Certain areas of the riser insert can be made of different materials with different properties (exothermic or insulating). Alternatively, the shaped elements can each be formed from a homogeneous material mixture with exothermic or insulating components.

For certain purposes, a feeder insert according to the invention is advantageous, in which the first shaped element is formed from insulating feeder material or at least partially comprises insulating feeder material and / or the second shaped element is formed from an insulating feeder material or at least partially comprises insulating feeder material. In an alternative embodiment of the feeder insert, it is preferably provided that the second shaped element is formed from an exothermic feeder material or comprises exothermic feeder material at least in sections and/or the first shaped element does not comprise any exothermic feeder material and is preferably formed from insulating feeder material or comprises at least sectionally insulating feeder material or formed from one material is or contains a material that is selected from the group consisting of metals, plastics, cardboard, their mixtures and their composite materials. In a further alternative embodiment of the feeder insert according to the invention, the second shaped element is formed from insulating feeder material or comprises at least partially insulating feeder material and/or the first shaped element is formed from exothermic feeder material or comprises at least partially exothermic feeder material or is formed from a material or contains a material, which is selected from the group consisting of metals, plastics, cardboard, their mixtures and their composite materials.

Instead of commercially available feeder materials, the first shaped element of a riser insert according to the invention can also consist of other materials, which are preferably selected from the group consisting of metals, plastics, cardboard, their mixtures and their composite materials.

In a further alternative embodiment of the feeder insert according to the invention, the second shaped element is formed from an exothermic or insulating feeder material or comprises at least partially exothermic or insulating feeder material and / or the first shaped element is formed from a material or contains a material that is selected from the group consisting made of metals, plastics, cardboard, their mixtures and their composite materials. Exothermic or insulating materials as well as metals, plastics or cardboard or mixtures or composite materials made of metals, plastics and/or cardboard can therefore be used as the material for the first shaped element.

Exothermic and insulating feeder materials are preferably used to form the second shaped element. In practice, the material selection for the first and second shaped elements is made individually and taking into account the task to be fulfilled. The selection of the material for the first shaped element can be made independently of the choice of material for the second shaped element, as long as the specific intended use of the feeder insert according to the invention does not require coordination.

In an alternative embodiment of the feeder insert according to the invention, the first molded part preferably forms a crushing core. The use of a crushing core is particularly advantageous in connection with the formation of the first molded part or a partial element of the first molded element from a material that is metal or contains a metal.

A preferred embodiment of the feeder insert provides that the first molded element is formed in one piece or consists of two assembled sub-elements which are positionally stable or telescopic relative to one another, the first sub-element comprising the footprint of the feeder insert and the second sub-element set up for connection to the second molded element is. In the case of a mold element designed in one piece, the attachment area for attachment to the mold model or the mold plate and the connecting part corresponding to the second mold element are formed from a single structural part. In a two-part design of the first shaped element, the connection area is formed from a partial element and the attachment area of the feeder insert is formed from preferably a metallic sleeve (as a further partial element). Like in the EP 2 097 193 A described, to which reference is hereby made, in a first embodiment the first sub-element is a tubular element which is inserted into the second sub-element to different extents in the delivery state. In some cases it is advantageous if the tubular first sub-element is not pushed as far as possible into the second sub-element in the delivery state, so that it can be inserted at a later point in time, for example after a corresponding feeder insert has been arranged on a mold model or a pivotable mold plate and during the compaction of the The molding material, which ultimately almost completely encloses the feeder insert, is pushed further into the second sub-element. An alternative embodiment provides a positionally fixed connection between the tubular, first sub-element and the second sub-element of the first shaped element. Moving the two sub-elements is then not possible or not intended. This advantageous embodiment of the invention can be combined with the independent aspects of the present invention. With regard to preferred combinations, what is said in the relevant text passages applies accordingly.

The first mold element has a surface facing the mold model or the pivotable mold plate, which preferably runs parallel or inclined to the pivotable mold plate. The distance between the preferably inclined surface and the mold model or the mold plate preferably increases at least in sections starting from the attachment area or the centering axis of the feeder insert.

Preferably, holding elements are arranged on the first mold element and/or on the second mold element, by means of which the first mold element and the second mold element are held in a starting position, the retaining elements being designed to move telescopically during telescopic displacement (while the first and second mold elements are telescopically displaced relative to one another to be separated or deformed. By means of holding elements, the first and second mold elements are held in a predetermined arrangement relative to one another while being placed on a mold model or a mold plate or when pushed onto a centering mandrel arranged on the mold model or the mold plate. As in EP 1 184 104 A disclosed, the holding elements are preferably an integral part of the respective mold element, the holding elements during the production of the respective shaped element can be molded onto it without additional steps. The holding elements, which are, for example, projections, circumferential stand rings or pins protruding vertically from the inner or outer contour, usually only have small connecting surfaces to the rest of the associated shaped element.

Preferably, the first shaped element comprises outer surface sections which adjoin or rest on inner surface sections of the second shaped element and which prevent or hinder lateral tilting of the first shaped element relative to the second shaped element when the shaped elements are telescoped into one another or relative to one another. Guide surfaces are preferably formed on the outer surface sections or the outer contour of the first shaped element and/or the inner surface sections or the inner contour of the second shaped element, with which the two shaped elements are advantageously guided relative to one another and slide directly onto one another. The guide surfaces are preferably designed to ensure a uniform relative movement between the first and the second molded part, so that tilting of the second molded element is preferably avoided during the compaction of the molding material and the resulting displacement of the second molded element over at least a section of the first molded element . For this purpose, the first and second shaped elements preferably have sufficiently high or sufficiently overlapping guide surfaces. By forming the guide surfaces on, for example, surface areas of the outer and inner contours of the shaped elements that are held movable relative to one another, a structurally simple design of the guide surfaces on the respective components is achieved. When the guide surfaces are formed on surface areas of the inner contour of the second shaped element, the second shaped element is pushed over the first shaped element of the feeder insert, whereby a section of the first shaped element is then accommodated in the second shaped element. The extent of the displacement of the two mold elements relative to one another is particularly dependent on the compaction pressures acting on the mold material during compaction with the vertical mold systems. Instead of inner and outer contours sliding directly onto one another, the first shaped element and/or the second shaped element can be equipped with guide webs which protrude outwards on the inner contour or inwards on the outer contour, so that a sliding guide is achieved.

A feeder insert according to the invention is preferred, wherein the first shaped element as a means for achieving and / or maintaining a predetermined orientation of the feeder insert relative to a mold plate has a passage opening with a cross section that is not circular and is preferably selected from the group consisting of oval, non-round , flattened circle, flattened oval, triangular, square or polygonal and / or has one or more additional recesses or openings for receiving a second centering mandrel, wherein the one or more recesses or openings preferably run parallel to the centering axis and / or one or more spacers the side facing the mold plate. A passage opening, which has, for example, an asymmetrical or non-circular cross-section, enables the formation of an advantageous anti-rotation device for the feeder insert relative to the mold model or the pivotable mold plate. The passage opening, which is preferably not cylindrical, preferably corresponds completely to an outer surface of a centering mandrel, which is arranged on the mold model or the mold plate and onto which the feeder insert is attached or pushed. At the same time, the first mold element preferably has a passage opening that is flattened on one side, so that the feeder insert can preferably only assume a single attachment position or orientation when placed on the mold model or the mold plate (key-lock principle). This prevents the feeder insert from unintentionally adopting an incorrect alignment within a vertically divisible mold to be produced, and it is achieved that the majority of the volume of the feeder cavity is actually positioned preferably above the (then horizontally extending) centering axis when the feeder insert is in use. This advantageous development of the invention can be combined with the independent aspects of the present invention; With regard to preferred combinations, what is said in the relevant text passages applies accordingly.

The feeder insert according to the invention preferably has one or more additional recesses or openings for receiving a second centering mandrel as a means for achieving and / or maintaining a predetermined alignment of the feeder insert relative to a mold plate, the one or more recesses or openings preferably running parallel to the centering axis. By forming at least one or more additional recesses or openings on the first mold element, receptacles for at least one second centering mandrel are created, whereby the positional stability or alignment of the feeder insert relative to the centering axis and the mold model or the pivotable mold plate is advantageously improved. The additional recess or opening on the first mold element faces in particular the mold model or the pivotable mold plate and has, for example, a conical shape. It preferably runs parallel to the centering axis. Recesses or openings that extend from the outside of the first shaped element into the feeder cavity are preferred. This makes it advantageously easy to put on the feeder insert reaches a centering mandrel, which is part of a kit also relating to the invention consisting of a feeder insert according to the invention and a centering mandrel for the positive reception of the riser insert. Preferably, an additional recess or opening, which preferably runs parallel to the centering axis, simultaneously takes on the function of venting from the feeder cavity after the molding material has been compressed and the centering mandrel has been subsequently removed from the opening. For this purpose, the additional recess or opening for receiving the at least one further centering mandrel is to be formed when the feeder insert is in use in a vertical molding system or when the centering axis of the feeder insert is horizontally aligned above the centering axis, preferably at the highest possible position on the first mold element.

In preferred embodiments of the feeder insert according to the invention, one or more spacers are provided on the side of the first shaped element facing the model plate, which z. B. are designed as cylindrical cams or pins. The spacers have the task of ensuring that the position is secured during the compaction of the molding material between the mold plate or mold model and the first mold element to be attached to the mold model or model plate. As soon as the first molded element is secured in position, the position of the second molded element is also secured, for example by the corresponding guide surfaces of the first and second molded elements, which are preferably in contact with one another. Alternatively or in addition to one or more spacers on the side of the first mold element facing the mold plate, the first mold element can have a contact surface on the inside, which extends over z. B. extends at least half the height of the first mold element, preferably parallel to the centering axis and is designed and intended to be brought into contact with a support surface of a centering mandrel that can be arranged on the model plate or the mold model. Preferably, the inside contact surface is aligned or formed in a plane with a surface area of a reveal surface delimiting the passage opening. The first mold element is thus alternatively or additionally supported with its inside contact surface on a centering mandrel (usually protruding vertically from the mold model or the mold plate). All of the above-mentioned means for achieving and/or maintaining a predetermined alignment of the feeder insert relative to the mold plate can each be provided individually or in combination with one another on a feeder insert according to the invention. Accordingly, the feeder insert according to the invention can have one, two or even all of the specified agents. This advantageous embodiment of the invention can be combined with the independent aspects of the present invention; With regard to preferred combinations, what is said in the relevant text passages applies accordingly.

It is preferred that the second shaped element has one or more molded webs or wall sections on the inside at its end opposite the passage opening (receiving the mandrel tip), which divide the feeder cavity like a chamber. With the help of a web or wall section protruding on the inside, e.g. B. designed as a so-called Willams strip or Williams wedge, premature formation of a cast skin on the surface of the liquid metal in the area above the centering axis of the feeder insert is counteracted, whereby its effect, namely keeping the liquid metal contained therein liquid, is improved. Preferably, at least one web protruding into the feeder cavity is provided on the first and second mold elements. When the centering axis is arranged horizontally, the webs are arranged on an inner wall section of the first and second shaped elements arranged above the centering axis and preferably extend in a plane which runs parallel to, preferably through, the centering axis. The webs, also known under the term Williams strip or Williams wedge, come to rest preferably congruently on or above one another with appropriate compression of the molding material and the associated pushing together of the two molded elements of the feeder insert. The web or webs can either be a separately designed insert part that is to be inserted into the feeder cavity of the feeder insert, or can be designed as a part molded onto the inner contour of the first and second molded elements. A molded web is produced during the molding of the shaped elements according to the invention and comprises, for example, a prism shape, the web being arranged on the inner surface of the feeder insert according to the invention, such that it is arranged at the upper end of the feeder cavity during use (i.e. in the casting operation). is.

Preferably, a kit according to the invention comprises, in addition to a first mold element and a second mold element, a centering mandrel for positive reception by the feeder insert. Preferably, the feeder insert (which in turn is formed from the first and second shaped elements) can be pushed over the centering mandrel or plugged onto the centering mandrel. The centering mandrel for receiving or holding the feeder insert has a centering mandrel base with a shape that is adapted in particular to the reveal surface of the passage opening in the first molded element. The cross section of the centering mandrel base is preferably not cylindrical in accordance with the passage opening, but is preferably selected from the group consisting of oval, non-round, flattened circle, flattened oval, triangular, square or polygonal. This creates an anti-twist protection between the centering mandrel and the feeder insert The centering mandrel and the shaped elements are preferably designed in such a way that the feeder insert and the centering mandrel can only assume a single position relative to one another, in which the first and the second shaped element corresponding to the first can be pushed onto the centering mandrel (key-lock principle). This ensures a preferred alignment of the feeder insert on the model plate and advantageously avoids incorrect handling. In addition to the centering foot, which is adapted in shape to the passage opening, the centering mandrel has a centering tip, the shape of which corresponds to the inner contour of a recess on the second shaped element, which is intended to receive the mandrel tip.

A further aspect of the present invention relates to a method for casting metal in a system with a pivotable mold plate, with the following steps: placing a feeder insert according to the invention (as defined above or below) on a mold model with a centering mandrel, which is arranged on a pivotable mold plate, or directly on a pivoting mold plate with a centering mandrel; Pivoting the mold plate with the feeder insert placed on it so that the centering axis of the feeder insert reaches the horizontal and then a predominant volume portion of the feeder cavity is positioned above the centering axis. Such pivotable mold plates are preferably used in the production of castings in vertically divisible molds. The invention is based, among other things, on the knowledge that in such a method the centering axis is aligned horizontally and the liquid metal can then rise into the volume portion of the feeder cavity that is predominantly above the centering axis. This volume part of the feeder insert, which is located higher than the passage opening during the casting operation, thus forms a supply reservoir during the solidification process of the casting to be produced, from which liquid metal can flow into the casting mold. With the ventilation opening preferably provided in the first mold element, optimal ventilation of the casting mold and the feeder insert is ensured during the casting process, so that the liquid metal can be filled into the casting mold in a relatively short time. Air pockets that have a detrimental effect on the feed volume within the feeder insert can be avoided in an advantageous manner via the ventilation opening. In order to ensure ventilation during the casting operation, a spacer is provided on the pivotable mold plates, for example, with a centering mandrel projecting vertically through the at least one ventilation opening on the first mold element and with structural or attachment parts that are coupled to the spacer. The structural or attachment parts preferably also run in a vertical orientation (with a horizontal orientation of the centering axis) and are arranged on the mold plate where a ventilation channel for removing the air from the feeder insert is later positioned during the casting operation.

The method described above characterizes a part of a casting process, which preferably comprises further steps: providing a feeder insert according to the invention, filling molding material into the molding machine so that the outer wall of the feeder insert is brought into contact with the molding material, compacting the molding material, the second Mold element is displaced relative to the first mold element, the position of the first mold element relative to the mold plate or the mold model being secured during the movement of the second mold element relative to at least a portion of the first mold element. The feeder insert according to the invention is preferably placed on the mold model and/or the mold plate by hand or by machine.

• Figuren 1a und 1b: Ansichten eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Speisereinsatzes im Schnitt;
• Figuren 2a und 2b: Ansichten eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Speisereinsatzes, angeordnet an einem Formmodell;
• Figuren 3a bis 3c: Ansichten eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Speisereinsatzes im Längsschnitt;
• Figur 4: Eine Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Speisereinsatzes mit verkleinertem Ansetzbereich am ersten Formelement;
• Figur 5: Eine Ansicht mehrerer Speisereinsätze nach Figur 2 im Längsschnitt angeordnet an voneinander beabstandeten Bereichen eines Formmodells;
• Figuren 6a und 6b: Eine Vorderansicht im Schnitt und eine Seitenansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines ersten Formelementes;
• Figuren 7a und 7b: Eine Vorderansicht im Schnitt und eine Seitenansicht des ersten Formelementes gemäß den Figuren 1a und 1b;
• Figuren 8a und 8b: Eine Vorderansicht im Schnitt und eine Seitenansicht eines ersten Formelementes gemäß den Figuren 3a und 3b;
• Figuren 9a und 9b: Eine Vorderansicht im Schnitt und eine Seitenansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines ersten Formelementes;
• Figuren 10a und 10b: Ansichten eines erfindungsgemäßen zweiten Formelementes im Schnitt und von der Seite;
• Figuren 11a und 11b: Ansichten eines mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Speisereinsatz korrespondierenden Zentrierdorns in einer Vorder- und einer Draufsicht;
• Figuren 12a, 12b und 12c: Ansichten eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Zentrierdorns in einer Vorder- und Seitenansicht und einer Draufsicht, und
• Figuren 13a bis 15, welche als Schnittdarstellungen schematisch die Herstellung einer Gussform vom Aufsetzen eines erfindungsgemäßen Speisereinsatzes auf eine schwenkbare Formplatte bis zum Zusammensetzen der erzeugten Formhälften zu einer Gießform zeigen.

The invention is described in more detail below using several exemplary embodiments, from which further inventive features result, with reference to the attached figures. Show here:

• Figures 1a and 1b : Sectional views of a first exemplary embodiment of a feeder insert according to the invention;
• Figures 2a and 2b : Views of a second embodiment of a feeder insert according to the invention, arranged on a mold model;
• Figures 3a to 3c : Views of a further exemplary embodiment of a feeder insert according to the invention in longitudinal section;
• Figure 4 : A view of a feeder insert according to the invention with a reduced attachment area on the first mold element;
• Figure 5 : A view of several feeder inserts Figure 2 arranged in longitudinal section on spaced apart areas of a mold model;
• Figures 6a and 6b : A front view in section and a side view of an exemplary embodiment of a first shaped element;
• Figures 7a and 7b : A front view in section and a side view of the first form element according to Figures 1a and 1b ;
• Figures 8a and 8b : A front view in section and a side view of a first shaped element according to Figures 3a and 3b ;
• Figures 9a and 9b : A front view in section and a side view of a further embodiment of a first shaped element;
• Figures 10a and 10b : Views of a second shaped element according to the invention in section and from the side;
• Figures 11a and 11b : Views of a centering mandrel corresponding to the feeder insert according to the invention in a front and a top view;
• Figures 12a, 12b and 12c : Views of a further exemplary embodiment of a centering mandrel according to the invention in a front and side view and a top view, and
• Figures 13a to 15 , which, as sectional views, show schematically the production of a casting mold from placing a feeder insert according to the invention on a pivoting mold plate to assembling the mold halves produced into a casting mold.

In Figure 1a a feeder insert 2 according to the invention is shown in its initial arrangement on a section of a mold model 4, the section of the mold model 4 for the casting to be produced being placed on or arranged on a mold plate 6 arranged in a horizontal orientation. The feeder insert 2 comprises a first mold element 8 and a second mold element 10, which are designed to be telescopically displaceable relative to one another. In order to ensure safe displacement of the first mold element 10 and the second mold element relative to one another, the mold elements 8, 10 have guide surfaces 12, 14 that can be brought into direct contact with one another. The guide surfaces 12 of the first shaped element 8 are formed by its outer contour and the guide surfaces 14 of the second shaped element 10 are formed by its inner contour. So that the first and second mold elements 8, 10 initially remain in their initial arrangement, holding elements 16, 16 'are arranged on the first mold element, which prevent the mold elements from being pushed into one another or over one another. The feeder insert 2 is positioned on the section of the mold model 4 using a centering mandrel 20. The centering mandrel 20 is firmly arranged on the mold model 4. The first mold element 8 further has an attachment area 17 for attachment to the mold model 4 with a passage opening 18, which corresponds in a form-fitting manner to a centering mandrel base 22 of the centering mandrel 20. The centering mandrel 20 also has a centering mandrel tip 24, over which a recess 26 of the second shaped element 10 can be pushed on, so that the second shaped element is held in position after being pushed on. The passage opening 18 and the recess 26 have center axes that run coaxially to one another, with the feeder insert 2 being set up for positioning along a centering axis 28 formed by the centering mandrel 20.

According to Figure 1b the pivotable mold plate 6 is transferred to a vertical arrangement, so that the centering axis 28 has a horizontal orientation. A feeder cavity 30 is formed by means of the first and second shaped elements 8, 10 of the feeder insert, with the centering axis being arranged horizontally (as in Fig. 1b shown) a predominant volume fraction of the feeder cavity 30 is arranged above the centering axis 28. This means that the majority of the feeder cavity 30 is simultaneously arranged above the passage opening 18, so that during the casting process, in particular during the solidification process, a reliable supply of still liquid metal from the feeder insert is guaranteed to the casting mold. In order to maintain a secure alignment of the feeder insert 2 to the mold model 4 or the mold plate 6 when compacting the molding material around the feeder insert, the first mold element 8 additionally has a contact surface 60 ( Fig. 6 ), which is located on a support surface 62 of the middle part 74 of the centering mandrel 20 ( Fig. 10 ) supports.

The Figures 2a and 2b show a second exemplary embodiment of a feeder insert 2 'with a first mold element 8' and the second mold element 10, which are arranged in the same way on a section of the mold model 4 with the aid of the centering mandrel 20. In order to improve the positioning of the feeder insert 2 'relative to the mold model 4 or to the mold plate 6, the first mold element 8' has, spaced apart from its passage opening 18, an additional centering recess 32 on its side facing the mold plate 6, which has a tip of a second centering mandrel 34 can be brought into the system. This ensures that there is no rotation on the feeder insert around the centering axis 28. The centering recess 32 is formed or arranged on a cam or pin 36 projecting in the direction of the mold plate. Figure 2b shows the feeder insert 2 'with a horizontally extending centering axis in its arrangement on the vertically extending mold plate 6. The use of at least one second centering mandrel 34, which also fulfills the function of a spacer, also has the advantage that during the compaction, not shown here first mold element 8 'is now supported via at least two support points in the direction of the mold plate 6. This advantageously ensures a stable positioning of the feeder insert even during the compression process.

Figure 3a shows a further exemplary embodiment of a feeder insert according to the invention. The feeder insert 2" comprises a first shaped element 8" and a second shaped element 10, which can be moved telescopically relative to one another. Both form elements 8", 10 form or delimit the feeder cavity 30 for receiving liquid metal and are for positioning on one A centering mandrel 20 defining a centering axis 28 is set up. The first mold element 8" and the second mold element 10 are shown in FIG Fig. 3a shown output arrangement as well as the two previously discussed exemplary embodiments are fixed via the holding elements 16, 16 '. The first mold element 8", which is attached to the mold model 4 with its attachment area 17, has a second opening, a vent opening 38 for ventilation from the feeder cavity 30, spaced from the passage opening 18, which extends from the outside to the inside of the first Form element 8" is enough so that a channel 40 is formed. Channel 40 serves as shown Fig. 3a can be seen, as a centering receptacle for a centering mandrel 42, which is at the same time part of a spacer 44 which holds the first mold element 8 "in position relative to the mold plate. On the spacer 44, which is arranged with one end directly on the mold plate 6 and with its other end with a cam or pin 36 'of the first mold element 8" is in contact, a rotation and position lock is designed for the feeder insert 2". Accordingly, the feeder insert 2" is vertical during the pivoting of the mold plate 6, which Fig. 3b clarified, fixed relative to the section of the mold model 4 or to the mold plate 6. The riser insert 2" is located accordingly Fig. 3b still in its initial arrangement relative to the mold plate 6, the feeder cavity 30 already being aligned such that when the centering axis is arranged horizontally, a predominant volume fraction of the feeder cavity is arranged above the centering axis. The area above the centering axis 28 thus forms a sufficiently large reservoir of liquid metal, which can run in the direction of the passage opening when the casting solidifies. An attachment part 46 is provided on the spacer 44, running parallel to the mold plate and extending in the vertical direction. Together with the spacer 44, the attachment part 46 defines a space within the molding material surrounding the feeder insert 2", over which a cavity for a ventilation function is formed after the mold plate and the spacer have been removed and the vertically divided mold has been assembled. The cavity is parallel to the Centering axis 28 extending channel 40 on the first mold element 8 ", after removing the centering mandrel 42 protruding into the channel 40, forms an associated further section of the ventilation channel to be created.

Fig. 3c shows the feeder insert 8" according to the invention after the molding material has been compressed, the second molding element 10 being pushed telescopically with its guide surface 14 along a section of the guide surface 12 of the first molding element 8". In the Fig. 3b Holding elements 16, 16 'still shown are according to Fig. 3c no longer arranged on the first form element. In the Fig. 3b The holding elements 16, 16 'still shown are rather designed to be separated or deformed above a predetermined pressure force acting on them in such a way that a relative movement between the first and second shaped elements 8 ", 10 is possible. Due to the parallel to the centering axis 28 and in In the direction of the compression force acting on the mold plate (arrow 45), the second mold element 10 is displaced telescopically over the first mold element 8", whereby the volume of the feeder cavity 30 is reduced at the same time. Because the first mold element 8" is fixed in a stable position to the section of the mold model 4 or the mold plate 6 via the spacer 44, the second mold element 10 can always easily avoid the compression pressure acting in the direction of the mold plate 6, with the holding elements being separated or deformed. The risk the breaking of the feeder insert 2" as well as the previously described exemplary embodiments, the first and second shaped elements of which are preferably formed from exothermic feeder material or at least partially include exothermic feeder material, is thus advantageously reduced.

In Fig. 4 a feeder insert 2''' is shown, the first shaped element 8''' having, in accordance with the invention, an eccentrically arranged passage opening 18, so that when the centering axis 28 is aligned horizontally, the majority of the volume of the feeder cavity 30 is above the centering axis and thus above the passage opening 18 is arranged. At the same time, the first shaped element is designed in two parts; The first mold element 8''' is namely equipped with a pipe piece as the first sub-element 48 to form an attachment area 50 to the mold model 4 with a reduced contact area to the mold model. The pipe section 48 is, as in Fig. 4 shown fixed or in an alternative embodiment, not shown, of the first shaped element 8''' in the direction of the centering axis 28 is designed to be displaceable to form a second partial element 49 of the first shaped element 8'''. The pipe section, as the first sub-element 48 of the first mold element 8''', forms the footprint of the feeder insert (2, 2', 2", 2'''), which represents the interface to the mold model, and the second sub-element 49 is for connecting of the pipe section with the second shaped element (10).

In an alternative embodiment of the feeder insert according to the invention, in particular the first sub-element of the first shaped element preferably forms a crushing core. This configuration is advantageous if the material for the first sub-element consists of a metal or contains a metallic component.

Fig. 5 shows the use of several feeder inserts on a mold model 4, with the pivotable mold plate 6 already shown in its vertical orientation. However, the feeder inserts 2 ', 2" are still in their respective starting positions before the mold material is compressed. With the help of the second feeder insert, optimal supply of at least two areas of the mold can be ensured in order to prevent the shrinkage of the cast material To compensate for solidification in these areas. Each of the feeder inserts 2', 2" is pushed onto a centering mandrel 20 via its passage opening 18 and at the same time a section of the first mold element 8' is received via the second centering mandrel 34, 42'. The feeder insert 2 arranged at the central region 52 of the mold model 4 'supporting centering mandrel 34' has one end supported on the mold model and its other end is in contact with the centering recess 32 on a cam or pin 36 projecting in the direction of the mold plate. The centering mandrel 42' is part of the first mold element 8". to the mold plate in position holding spacer 44 ', which protrudes into the ventilation opening 38 designed as a channel 40. An attachment part 46 is provided on the spacer 44 ', running parallel to the mold plate and extending in the vertical direction. Together with the spacer 44 ', the attachment part 46 defines a space within the mold material surrounding the feeder insert 2 ", over which a cavity for a ventilation function is formed after the mold plate and the spacer have been removed and after the mold halves of the vertically divided mold have been assembled. During During the casting process, both feeder inserts are filled and thereby independently supply the spaced-apart areas of the casting with liquid metal during the solidification process. This enables individual shaping of the castings to be produced.

As material for those in the Figures 1a to 5 For the first shaped elements 8, 8', 8", 8''' shown, an exothermic feeder material can preferably be used. Alternatively, an insulating feeder material or another material can be used to form the first shaped element 8, 8', 8", 8''' which is selected from the group consisting of metals, plastics, cardboard, their mixtures and their composite materials. To form the second shaped element 10, exothermic or insulating feeder materials are used or the second shaped element 10 comprises, at least in sections, an exothermic or insulating feeder material.

The 6a and 6b show a first mold element 8''', which, like the previously described first mold elements, has an attachment area 17 with a passage opening 18 for the liquid metal, which serves as a receptacle for a centering mandrel on which the first mold element 8''' together with a assigned second form element, not shown here, is postponed. The passage opening 18, like Fig. 6b clarified, has a cross section that corresponds to an oval flattened on one side. Alternative embodiments of the passage openings are oval or non-round or have the shape of a flattened circle or a flattened oval or are triangular, square or polygonal. The centering mandrel corresponding to the passage opening 18, in particular its centering mandrel base, preferably has a shape that preferably completely corresponds to the cross section of the passage opening 18, so that the first shaped element is already secured against rotation about the centering axis 28 by means of the centering mandrel, which corresponds to the central axis of the passage opening. The passage opening also has a preferably flat surface section 54. The passage opening 18 is adjoined by an entry area 56 for the liquid metal, which widens in a funnel shape in some areas. In use, the first mold element 8''' has a web 58 which extends vertically from the upper wall 57 in the direction of the centering axis 28, also referred to as a "Williams strip", with the help of which a skin is formed on the surface of the liquid metal in the feeder cavity is obstructed. The holding elements 16, 16' are arranged on the outer contour of the first shaped element 8''', via which the first and second shaped elements are initially held in their starting position relative to one another. The first shaped element 8''' is also in an area that is shown in the illustration Fig. 6a is arranged above the centering axis, equipped with two cylindrically shaped cams or pins 36" projecting in the vertical direction, via which the first mold element 8''' can be secured in its position with respect to the mold model, not shown, or the mold plate. For this purpose a spacer, not shown, is used, which establishes a connection between a section of the mold model or the mold plate and the pin or cam 36". The flat surface section 54 of the passage opening 18 is arranged in alignment with the contact surface 60 of the first shaped element 8''', which rests on a corresponding support surface 62 of the middle part 74 ( Fig. 10 ) of the centering mandrel 20 is determined. When the first shaped element is in use, i.e. when the centering axis 28 is aligned horizontally, the contact surface 60 forms the lower wall 64''' of the shaped element.

7a and 7b show that in the Figs. 1a and 1b shown, first form element 8 in a detailed view to clarify its design. The first shaped element 8 is similar to that in Fig. 6 shown mold element 8''', but differs in that the lower wall 64 when the first mold element 8 is in use is not designed to be aligned with the contact surface 60 of the mold element 8. An approximately semicircular web 66 extends from the wall 64 and extends in the direction of the centering axis 28 over almost the entire height of the first shaped element 8. A section of the semicircular web 66 forms a contact surface 60 which runs flush with the flat surface section 54 of the passage opening 18 for support on the centering mandrel 20. This in the 7a and 7b The exemplary embodiment shown of the first shaped element 8 has a funnel-shaped widening entry area 56, a web 58 which divides the feeder cavity like a chamber and extends from the upper wall 57 in the direction of the centering axis 28 runs, as well as a pin or cam 36" projecting on the outside in the direction of the mold plate to secure the position in cooperation with a corresponding spacer on the mold plate or the mold model.

The 8a and 8b show in a detailed view what is in the Fig. 3a to 3c shown embodiment of the first mold element 8", which, instead of the contact surface corresponding to the support surface 62 of the centering mandrel, has two approximately cylindrical pins or cams 36' on its outside, which point in the direction of the mold model 4 or mold plate 6 ( Fig. 3b ) point. In addition, the first molded element 8" is equipped with two ventilation openings 38, which are designed as channels 40 running horizontally to the centering axis 28, which are used to accommodate the in Fig. 3 centering mandrels 34' shown are provided. The channels 40 have a cross section that preferably tapers conically from the inside of the shaped element towards the outside of the shaped element. The channels 40, which have the function of ventilation channels, are formed in the casting operation with horizontal alignment of the centering axis 28 in the vicinity of the upper wall on the first mold element 8". The lower wall 64" when the first mold element is in use is completely flat and runs parallel to the flat surface section 54 of the passage opening 18 formed in the attachment area 17.

A further alternative embodiment of a first shaped element 8 ^IV according to the invention is shown in FIG Figures 9a and 9b shown. The shaped element 8 ^IV has only a single cam or pin 36''' instead of two pins or cams in the previously shown exemplary embodiments. The cam or pin 36''' is arranged on the side of the first mold element 8 ^IV , which faces in the direction of the mold model 4 or the pivotable mold plate 6 ( Figure 13a ) points. The cam 36''' has an oval cross section and is like Figure 9b clarified, arranged approximately at the same distance from the two lateral guide surfaces 12, 12 'of the first shaped element 8 ^IV . In addition, a vent opening 38' is provided on the cam or pin 36''', which is designed as a channel 40' running parallel to the centering axis 28. The channel 40 for venting from the feeder cavity also has a cross section that tapers conically from the inside of the shaped element 8 ^IV towards the outside of the shaped element. In contrast to the previously shown exemplary embodiments, the first shaped element 8 ^IV does not have a web that divides the feeder cavity like a chamber. On the side facing the mold model 4 or the pivotable mold plate, a surface 55 is formed between the attachment area 17 and the cam or pin 36 ''', which has an inclination or is designed to be inclined. The distance between the mold model or mold plate and the inclined surface 55 of the first mold element 8 ^IV increases uniformly from the centering axis 28 in the direction of the ventilation opening 38 '. The first shaped element 8 ^IV, like the previously shown exemplary embodiments of the first shaped element, also has an entry region 56 which widens in a funnel shape after the passage opening 18.

For the training of those in the Figures 6a to 9b For the first shaped elements 8", 8''', 8 ^IV shown, the material used is preferably an exothermic feeder material. In an alternative embodiment of the feeder insert according to the invention, an insulating feeder material or an insulating feeder material is used to form the first shaped element 8", 8''', 8 ^IV other material is used, which is preferably selected from the group consisting of metals, plastics, cardboard, their mixtures and their composite materials.

In the 10a and 10b a second shaped element 10 is shown for forming the feeder insert according to the invention, the inner wall surfaces 68, 68' forming the inner contour of the second shaped element running in sections parallel to one another and parallel to the centering axis 28. The second shaped element 10 also has a conically extending wall section 70 on an inner wall region and a cylindrical (alternatively: non-cylindrical) recess 26, in particular adjoining the conically extending wall section 70. The dimensions of the recess 26 are in particular based on the external dimensions of a centering mandrel tip 24 ( Fig. 10 ) Voted. The second mold element 10 also has a web 58 'which extends vertically from the upper wall 71 of the mold element in the direction of the centering axis 28 when the mold element is in use and which also divides the interior of the second mold element like a chamber. The bridge 58' also has the function of a Williams bar. For the training of the Figures 10a and 10b shown second mold element, exothermic or insulating feeder materials are used or the second mold element 10 comprises at least partially an exothermic or insulating feeder material.

The 11a and 11b show views of a centering mandrel 20, which is part of a kit according to the invention consisting of a feeder insert designed according to the invention and the centering mandrel corresponding to the feeder insert. The centering mandrel 20 has a centering mandrel base 22 and a centering mandrel tip 24, the centering mandrel tip being cylindrical and ending in a hemispherical shape at the end. The centering mandrel base 22 has an oval basic shape, with the centering mandrel base having a diameter in relation to its main axes running transversely to the central axis, which has a ratio to the diameter of the centering mandrel tip in the range between 1.5 and 2.5. The centering mandrel foot 22 is also flattened on one side and has a flat surface 72, which corresponds to the flat surface section 54 of the first shaped elements 8 to 8''' ( Fig.1 to 8 ). The flat surface 72 is one The preferred insertion direction of the feeder insert used on the centering mandrel 20 is specified, which prevents the feeder insert from being placed incorrectly on the centering mandrel. Centering mandrel tip 24 and centering mandrel base 22 are coupled via an approximately conical middle part 74, which provides a gradual transition from the centering mandrel base 22 to the centering mandrel tip 24. The one-sided, flat surface 72 in the area of the centering mandrel base 22 forms the support surface 62 together with a flat surface along the middle part 74 of the centering mandrel 20. The support surface 62 comes into direct contact, at least in sections, with the contact surface 60 of the first mold element 8, 8 ', 8''', which ensures optimal positioning of the feeder inserts 2, 2', 2''' pushed onto the centering mandrel 20 during the compression of the Molding material is guaranteed. The first shaped element and/or the second shaped element each have a width which extends parallel to a central axis which runs perpendicularly when the feeder insert is in use, and each has a depth which extends transversely thereto, the width of the two shaped elements being related to the depth of the The two form elements each have a ratio in the range of 1.7 to 2.3.

In the Figures 12a to 12c an alternative embodiment of a centering mandrel 20' according to the invention is shown, which is alternatively part of a kit according to the invention consisting of a feeder insert designed according to the invention and the centering mandrel corresponding to the feeder insert. The centering mandrel 20' has a centering mandrel base 22', a centering mandrel tip 24' and a substantially conical middle part 74'. The centering mandrel 20 'has a flat surface 72' on one side in the area of the centering mandrel foot 22, which in this exemplary embodiment according to the invention extends from the centering mandrel foot 22' to over half of the middle part 74'. This flat surface 72', which runs in particular at right angles to the contact surface of the centering mandrel on the mold model or the pivotable mold plate, is a support surface 62' with which the contact surface 60 of the first mold element 8, 8', 8''' can be brought into direct contact.

When placing the feeder insert 2, 2', 2", 2''' according to the invention onto the mold model 4 or the model plate 6 which is in horizontal orientation ( Figures 1a , 2a , 3a , 4 ), whereby the feeder insert 2, 2', 2", 2''' with its first shaped element 8, 8', 8", 8''' and the second shaped element 10 is pushed onto the centering mandrel 20, the first shaped element 8 , 8', 8", 8''' brought into contact with the mold model 4 in such a way that the passage opening 18 in the first mold element 8, 8', 8", 8''' is completely covered by areas of the mold model 4. The alternative embodiment in which the passage opening 18 is covered by surface areas of the pivotable mold plate 6 is not shown. The mold plate 6 with the mold model 4 and the feeder insert 2, 2 ', 2", 2''' arranged thereon are then pivoted through an angle of approximately 90 °, so that the mold plate 6 has a vertical orientation ( Figures 1b , 2 B , 3b , 5 ). The mold elements 8, 8', 8", 8''' designed according to the invention and the centering mandrel 20 corresponding thereto ensure a rotation-proof alignment with the mold model. In the vertical orientation, the filling of mold material, not shown in detail, then takes place on at least the side of the mold plate , on which the feeder insert 2, 2', 2", 2''' is arranged, so that the first shaped element 8, 8', 8", 8''' and the second shaped element 10 of the feeder insert 2, 2', 2 ", 2''' is almost completely covered by the molding material. The molding material surrounding the feeder insert 2, 2', 2", 2''' is compacted, and during compacting a compressive force primarily acts (arrow 45, Fig.3c ) on the feeder insert 2, 2', 2", 2''' in the direction of the centering axis 28. If the pressure force reaches a sufficient value, the holding elements 16, 16' are attached to the first shaped element 8, 8', 8", 8''' is separated or deformed in such a way that the mold elements are telescopically displaced relative to one another, with the second mold element 10 being pushed over the first mold element 8, 8', 8", 8''' in sections and at the same time the volume of the feeder cavity 30 is reduced . During the displacement process, the first mold element 8, 8 ', 8", 8''' does not change its position relative to the mold model 4 or the mold plate 6. After compaction, the mold half produced is separated from the mold plate 6, the mold model 4 and the centering mandrel 20, so that one or more feeder inserts 2, 2', 2", 2''' remain in the mold half produced. If the feeder insert has 2" a ventilation opening 38 for venting the feeder insert 2 "and if attachment parts 46 connected to the spacer 44 are provided on the mold plate, then after the pivotable mold plate 6 has been removed, a ventilation channel is created within the mold half, through which air is released from the feeder cavity during the casting process can escape.

The Figures 13a to 15 show an alternative embodiment of a method for producing a cast part, wherein a feeder insert 2 ^IV designed according to the invention with its passage opening 18 and the vent opening 38 'in the first mold element 8 ^IV is pushed or placed onto two centering mandrels 20, 42', which are on a first mold plate 6 'are arranged. The feeder insert 2 ^IV with its attachment area 17 and the cam or pin 36''' comes directly into contact with the first mold plate 6', which has a horizontal orientation at this point in time. The first mold element 8 ^IV and the second mold element 10 are fixed in their starting position relative to one another by means of the holding elements 16, 16 '. The first mold plate 6' is then pivoted vertically ( Figure 13b ), so that the centering axis 28 of the feeder insert 2 ^IV reaches the horizontal and the first mold plate 6 'is aligned parallel to a second mold plate 6". In this exemplary embodiment, only the feeder insert 2 ^IV is attached to the first mold plate 6'. The mold model 4 ' as well as one for training An attachment part 46 'provided for a ventilation channel are arranged on the second mold plate 6". As can be seen from the Figure 14 As can be seen, after the two mold plates 6' and 6" are aligned parallel to one another, chambers 76, 76' are created around the mold plates, into which a molding material 78 is then filled. After the chambers 76, 76' have been filled, a Pressing and thus compacting the molding material 78 in the chambers. When compressing the molding material, the second molding element 10 is pushed telescopically over the first molding element ^8IV , so that the total height of the feeder insert ^2IV compared to the total height in the starting position ( Figure 13a ) significantly reduced. Through a surface 55 of the first mold element 8 ^IV ( Fig. 13b ) it is ensured that the area between the surface of the first mold plate 6 'and the first mold element 8 ^IV is sufficiently filled with mold material during the mold material filling of the chambers 76, 76' and that the desired mold material compaction is achieved around the attachment area 17 during compaction. With the compaction of the mold material 78, solid mold halves 80, 80' are produced in the chambers for the casting mold, which form one after the first and second mold plates 6', 6" and thus at the same time the mold model 4' and the attachment part 46' have been removed Mold 82 can be assembled, cf. Figure 15 . The mold 82 produced has a cavity 84 for the liquid metal to be filled into the mold, which essentially corresponds to the shape of the cast part to be produced. The cavity 84 has a transition 86 to the feeder insert 2 ^IV in the first mold half 80. A ventilation channel 88 corresponding to the ventilation opening 38 'in the first mold element 8 ^IV of the feeder insert according to the invention is formed in the mold 82, by means of which it can be ensured in an advantageously simple manner that the riser insert 2 ^IV is almost completely filled with liquid metal during the casting operation, so that During the shrinking process of the metal in the cavity of the mold 82, the supply of liquid metal can be ensured. The ventilation channel 88 ( Fig. 15 ) is arranged where the attachment part 46 'was previously arranged (cf. Fig. 13b , 14 ).

In the accompanying figures, identical components are designated with the same reference numerals.

Claims (14)

1. Feeder insert (2, 2', 2", 2‴, 2^IV) for use for the casting of metals in casting moulds, having a first shaped element (8, 8', 8", 8‴, 8^IV) and a second shaped element (10) which

   (i) are displaceable telescopically relative to one another,

   (ii) delimit a feeder cavity (30) for receiving liquid metal, and

   (iii) are designed for being positioned by means of a centring pin (20, 22') that can be positioned along a centring axis (28),

   wherein the first shaped element (8, 8', 8", 8‴, 8^IV) has a passage opening (18) for the liquid metal, and

   characterized in that the casting mould is vertically separable, and

   wherein the feeder cavity (30) is designed such that, in the case of horizontal arrangement of the centring axis (28), a predominant volume fraction of the feeder cavity (30) can be positioned above the centring axis.
2. Feeder insert according to Claim 1,

   wherein, for the positioning of the centring pin (20, 20'), there is provided on the second shaped element (10)

   a conically running wall section (70)
   and/or

   a cylindrical or non-cylindrical recess (26) for the pin tip (24).
3. Feeder insert according to one of the preceding claims,
   wherein a ventilation opening (38) for ventilating the feeder cavity (30) is additionally provided on the first shaped element (8, 8', 8", 8‴, 8^IV), which ventilation opening, in the case of a horizontal arrangement of the centring axis (28), can be positioned above the centring axis.
4. Feeder insert according to Claim 3,
   wherein the ventilation opening (38) is in the form of a ventilation duct (40), wherein the ventilation duct (40) preferably, in sections or over its entire length, runs parallel to the centring axis (28).
5. Feeder insert according to one of the preceding claims, wherein

   (i) the second shaped element (10) is formed from exothermic feeder material or comprises exothermic feeder material at least in sections, and/or
   the first shaped element (8, 8', 8", 8‴, 8^IV) is formed from exothermic feeder material or comprises exothermic feeder material at least in sections,
   or

   (ii) the second shaped element (10) is formed from insulating feeder material or comprises insulating feeder material at least in sections,
   and/or
   the first shaped element (8, 8', 8", 8‴, 8^IV) is formed from insulating feeder material or comprises insulating feeder material at least in sections,
   or

   (iii) the second shaped element (10) is formed from exothermic feeder material or comprises exothermic feeder material at least in sections,
   and/or
   the first shaped element (8, 8', 8", 8‴, 8^IV) does not comprise an exothermic feeder material and is formed from insulating feeder material or comprises insulating feeder material at least in sections or is formed from or comprises a material selected from the group comprising metals, plastics, cardboards, the mixtures thereof and the composite materials thereof,
   or

   (iv) the second shaped element (10) is formed from insulating feeder material or comprises insulating feeder material at least in sections,
   and/or
   the first shaped element (8, 8', 8", 8‴, 8^IV) is formed from exothermic feeder material or comprises exothermic feeder material at least in sections or is formed from or comprises a material selected from the group comprising metals, plastics, cardboards, the mixtures thereof and the composite materials thereof.
6. Feeder insert according to one of the preceding claims,

   wherein the first shaped element (8, 8', 8", 8‴, 8^IV) is of unipartite form
   or

   is composed of two assembled sub-elements (48, 49) which are positionally stable relative to one another or movable telescopically relative to one another, wherein the first sub-element (48) comprises the footprint surface of the feeder insert (2, 2', 2", 2‴) and the second sub-element (49) is designed for connecting to the second shaped element (10).
7. Feeder insert according to one of the preceding claims,
   wherein, on the first shaped element (8, 8', 8", 8‴, 8^IV) and/or on the second shaped element (10), there are arranged holding elements (16, 16') by means of which the first shaped element (8, 8', 8", 8‴, 8^IV) and the second shaped element (10) are held in an initial position, wherein the holding elements (16, 16') are designed so as to be severed or deformed during the telescopic displacement one inside the other.
8. Feeder insert according to one of the preceding claims,
   wherein the first shaped element (8, 8', 8", 8‴, 8^IV) comprises external surface sections which adjoin or bear against internal surface sections of the second shaped element (10) and which, during the telescopic displacement of the shaped elements (8, 8', 8", 8‴, 8^IV, 10) one inside the other, prevent or impede lateral tilting of the first shaped element relative to the second shaped element.
9. Feeder insert according to one of the preceding claims,
   wherein the first shaped element (8, 8', 8", 8‴, 8^IV) has, as means for achieving and/or maintaining a predetermined orientation of the feeder insert (2, 2', 2", 2‴, 2^IV) relative to a mould plate (6),

   - a passage opening (18) with a non-circular cross section preferably selected from the group composed of oval, unround, flattened circle, flattened oval, triangular, tetragonal or polygonal,
   and/or

   - one or more additional recesses (26) or openings (38) for receiving a second centring pin (34, 42, 42'), wherein the one or more recesses or openings preferably run parallel to the centring axis (28),
   and/or

   - one or more spacers (44, 44') on the side facing toward the mould plate (6).
10. Feeder insert according to one of the preceding claims,
    wherein the second shaped element (10) has, on the inside at its end situated opposite the passage opening (18), one or more integrally formed webs (58') or wall sections which divide up the feeder cavity (30) into chambers.
11. Kit for producing a feeder insert (2, 2', 2", 2‴, 2^IV) according to one of Claims 1 to 10, comprising a first shaped element (8, 8', 8", 8‴, 8^IV) and a second shaped element (10) as defined in one of Claims 1 to 10.
12. Kit comprising

    - a kit according to Claim 11
    and

    - a centring pin (20, 20') for being received in positively locking fashion by the feeder insert (2, 2', 2", 2‴, 2^IV).
13. Use of a shaped element as a first shaped element (8, 8', 8", 8‴, 8^IV) or second shaped element (10) of a feeder insert (2, 2', 2", 2‴, 2^IV) according to one of Claims 1 to 10.
14. Method for casting metal in an installation with pivotable mould plate, having the following steps:

    placing a feeder insert (2, 2', 2", 2‴, 2^IV) according to one of Claims 1 to 10 on a mould pattern (4) with centring pin (20, 20'), which mould pattern is arranged on a pivotable mould plate (6), or directly on a pivotable mould plate (6, 6') with centring pin (20, 20');

    pivoting the mould plate (6, 6') with the feeder insert (2, 2', 2", 2‴, 2^IV) placed thereon such that the centring axis (28) of the feeder insert (2, 2', 2", 2‴, 2^IV) passes into a horizontal orientation and then a predominant volume fraction of the feeder cavity (30) is positioned above the centring axis (28).

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