EP3081737B2 - Drilling apparatus for making a borehole with pipe and method for operating a drilling apparatus - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a drilling device for creating a cased borehole, with a first drilling drive for rotating a drill rod, at the lower end of which a drilling tool for removing soil material is arranged, a mast along which the first drilling drive can be moved with a carriage, and a second drive with which a support tube for the borehole can be introduced into the ground, according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention further relates to a method for operating a drilling device with which a bore is created with a support tube, according to claim 6.

A drilling rig for creating a cased borehole is known from the EP 1 548 226 A1 known. Cased boreholes are required, for example, when creating foundation piles in loose soil. The borehole is provided with a support pipe, which stabilizes the borehole wall and ensures that no soil material falls into the borehole and that it does not collapse.

The EP 2 662 523 A1 discloses a drilling device for creating a cased borehole. It is provided that a drill rod is inserted into the ground on a mast by means of a first drill drive and a support pipe is inserted into the ground by means of a second drill drive. The guide devices for the two drives are spaced apart from one another on the mast and can be adjusted to one another manually or automatically.

From "Hydraulic CFA Rotary Rig; SF-65"; Soilmec the provision of a screen on a drilling device for creating a bore in a soil emerges, which It should enable the operator to carry out various functions more efficiently. In particular, it should be possible to monitor and query the drilling depth.

The EP 2 468 960 A1 teaches a drilling device for creating a cased borehole, with a data processing unit being provided which also determines a depth using sensors. The parameter control system can display the parameters or represent them as graphs.

There are basically different methods for installing a support pipe on a borehole. For example, it is known to insert a support pipe using a vibrator or a ram before excavating soil material. The soil material can then be removed and excavated within the support pipe. This method of creating a cased borehole is only possible under certain soil conditions.

It is also known to first create a hole and then insert the support tube into the hole. This method is also only suitable for certain soil conditions, since the borehole wall must be sufficiently stable until the support pipe is inserted.

A common method is to insert a support pipe into the ground at essentially the same time as the borehole is being drilled. For this purpose, a drilling device of this type is used, which has a first drilling drive for rotating a drilling tool, by means of which soil material is removed and removed from the borehole. The drilling device also has a second drive, with which the support pipe is screwed into the ground.

There are two basic variants of these known methods. In one variant, the support pipe can be placed ahead of the drilling tool. This variant is useful, for example, when cutting through soil layers containing groundwater. The support pipe ensures that groundwater does not penetrate the borehole or penetrate into other soil layers. Inserting the support pipe ahead of time serves as a safeguard against ground failure. Depending on the desired depth of the casing, the support pipe is assembled from several pipe elements one after the other.

According to one variant of the process, the drilling tool can move ahead of the support pipe. This is particularly useful when penetrating harder soil layers, as the advance of the drilling tool makes it easier to subsequently insert the support pipe.

When drilling a borehole, the two process variants can also be combined with each other, depending on the soil layers to be penetrated. The creation of a cased borehole requires considerable experience on the part of the drilling rig operator.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a drilling device for creating a cased borehole and a method for operating such a drilling device, with which a cased borehole can be created efficiently and particularly reliably.

According to the invention, the object is achieved on the one hand by a drilling device having the features of claim 1 and on the other hand by a method having the features of claim 6. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the respective dependent claims.

The drilling device according to the invention is characterized in that a current drilling depth of the drilling tool and an insertion depth of the support tube are specified in the computer unit and that a monitor is provided on which the current drilling depth in relation to the insertion depth of the support tube can be displayed as a bar graph by the computer unit.

A basic idea of the invention is to use a computer unit on a monitor to show the operator the current drilling depth in relation to the insertion depth of the support pipe. This makes it easy for the operator to see the position of the support pipe and drilling tool. In particular, it is easy to determine whether the support pipe is ahead of the drilling tool or vice versa. This makes it much easier for the operator to create a cased bore. In particular, he can also switch between the process variants depending on the depth, with a support pipe and the drilling tool leading the way. When creating a bore through different soil layers, the most suitable process variant can always be selected. This enables a particularly efficient and therefore cost-effective creation of a cased bore.

The computer unit can be fully or partially integrated into the control system of the drilling rig or form an independent unit, which can also be retrofitted.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is that the second drive is an output element which is driven by a motor of the first drilling drive. The first drilling drive preferably consists of one or more hydraulic motors. These preferably drive the drill rod, in particular a telescopic Kelly drill rod, via a corresponding reduction gear. To insert the support tube, the torque of the motor of the drilling drive is transmitted to the support tube via the ring-shaped output element. In this case, the second drive essentially consists of the gearbox, without itself having an independent motor.

There is only one motor unit on the drilling rig mast with two output options. Firstly, the Kelly bar and thus the drilling tool are driven via the hollow shaft passage and secondly, a rotary table is driven via an output flanged to the lower end of the hollow shaft via a cardan joint, preferably connected in between, with which the drill pipe can be screwed in. The rotary gear is provided with driver shells installed at the top for the Kelly bar and a flange screwed on at the bottom for the rotary table drive.

According to a further development of the invention, it is particularly preferred that the first drill drive and the second drive are arranged together on the carriage. The carriage, also referred to as the drill drive carriage, is moved along the mast via a feed winch. The drill rod preferably extends through the ring-shaped first drill drive, whereby the drill rod with the drilling tool can be adjusted vertically via a main winch on the drilling device. The drill drive preferably forms a lower stop for the drill rod.

An alternative development of the invention consists in that the second drive is a casing machine which is attached to a substructure of the drilling device. The casing machine represents a drive unit independent of the first drilling drive. The casing machine can have a suitable motor or drive which can exert a necessary torque and, if necessary, a necessary axial force on the support pipe for insertion into the ground.

According to the invention, a preferred embodiment is provided in that the casing machine has a pivoting collet for rotatingly inserting the support pipe into the ground. The collet can grip the support pipe using hydraulic cylinders and thus create a rotationally fixed connection to the support pipe. A rotational movement and a torque can be applied to the support pipe via further pivoting cylinders so that it is screwed into the ground.

According to the method according to the invention for operating a drilling device in which a bore is created with a support pipe, it is provided that an insertion depth of the support pipe into the ground is specified in a computer unit, a current drilling depth of the drilling tool is recorded when creating the bore and stored in the computer unit is specified and the current drilling depth in relation to the insertion depth of the support tube is displayed as a bar graph on a monitor by means of the computer unit.

The method is particularly suitable for operating a drilling rig as described above. This results in the advantages described above.

According to a further development of the method according to the invention, it is preferred that the current drilling depth of the drilling tool is recorded using a first sensor device. The sensor device can in particular include measuring devices which have an unwound length of the main cable of the main winch for vertically moving the drill rod and/or for determining the unwound length of the feed winch by means of which the carriage with the first drilling drive is moved along the mast. In principle, however, other sensor devices can also be used to determine the current drilling depth, such as optical sensors or depth measurement using ultrasound or laser.

A further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention is that the insertion depth of the support tube is entered manually via an operating terminal or automatically via a second sensor device. The length of the support tube can be entered by the operator as a measure of the penetration depth directly into the computer unit, for example via a corresponding input field that can be displayed on the monitor. It is assumed that the support tube is inserted into the ground in its entirety. The input can also be made automatically, for example by a device for reading a corresponding marking on the support tube, such as an RFID tag. All essential information about the support tube, in particular about the length and thus the penetration depth of the support tube, can be stored in this tag. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that a current insertion depth of the support tube is determined by the second sensor device. This can also be done, depending on the type of drive arrangement, by determining the position of the carriage with the second drive for inserting the support tube or by corresponding optical sensors. Even when using a casing oscillator, the current insertion depth of the support pipe can be reliably determined using a corresponding sensor device. This can be done, for example, by detecting the movement of the collet or also using optical sensors to determine the position of the support pipe.

A preferred method variant according to the invention consists in that the current drilling depth is detected by means of a position measurement of a carriage of a first drilling drive and/or a position measurement of a drill rod, at the lower end of which the drilling tool is attached. The previously described sensor devices can be used for this purpose.

According to the invention, a particularly clear representation is obtained in that the computer unit generates a bar representation of the penetration depth of the support tube and the current drilling depth on the monitor. In particular, when the bars are aligned vertically, the current position of the drilling tool in relation to the lower end of the support tube is particularly clear and clear. In particular, the support tube can be shown in a cross-sectional view with two lateral lines and a corresponding horizontal cross line to define a lower and an upper edge. The drilling tool can be shown pictorially or stylized as a horizontal bar in the support tube.

The method according to the invention is advantageously further developed in that the support tube is composed of at least two support tube elements, whereby an additive overall representation of the penetration depth is provided. By entering the length of an additional support tube, the maximum insertion depth of the support tube is increased and adjusted accordingly. The representation on the monitor changes accordingly. If the support tube with the additional support tube element attached on top is then inserted further into the ground, the insertion depth and the corresponding representation on the monitor change accordingly. In principle, the inserted support tube can be composed of a large number of support tube elements of different lengths. The length of the individual support tube elements can be entered into the computer unit via a corresponding input field that can be displayed on the monitor. In principle, the input can also be made by selecting predefined standard lengths of support tube elements. Automatic recognition and input is preferably provided, for example with a previously described RFID tag on the support tube element.

A further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention consists in that the support tube or the support tube element is shown on the monitor before and after being inserted into the ground. The support tube with the additional support tube element attached on top is shown on the monitor in an initial state. The support tube or the corresponding support tube element is located above a shown ground surface. After the corresponding insertion, the inserted support tube is shown with the maximum insertion depth or the actual insertion depth currently achieved.

The support or drill pipe can be screwed into the subsoil using the rotary drive that can be moved on the mast of the drilling rig using a turntable or using the casing system. When the drill pipe is screwed in using a turntable, the current penetration depth of the drill pipe can be determined using the measuring sensors attached to the feed system. To do this, the position of the rotary drive along the mast is determined and calculated against the current drilling depth of the drilling tool. The position of the rotary drive can be determined using displacement sensors along the mast or displacement sensors on the feed system, for example on the feed cable. The total length of the drill pipe can be determined either by input from the driver or by automatic recognition of the individual drill pipe sections using RFID tags, for example. The length of the individual drill pipe sections is added up to give a total drill pipe length. The drilling depth of the drilling tool can be determined, for example, using the depth measurement of the main cable winch, which moves the Kelly bar, and the current locking position of the Kelly bar. However, it is also possible for the driver to set a zero position for the drilling depth when the drilling tool base reaches the top edge of the drill pipe. This allows the current drilling depth to be offset against the previously calculated total drill pipe length and a difference between the drilling depth and the drill pipe installation length to be determined.

If the installation depth of the drill pipe is determined using a measuring system on the drilling rig mast, a switch or trigger must be used to determine whether the drill pipe is screwed in or drilled out. This trigger can be made either by input from the driver or, in the case of automatic turntables, automatically by operating the pipe fastening devices.

Fig. 1:

eine schematische Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Bohrgerätes und

Figuren 2a bis 2i:

Balkendarstellungen zu einem Stützrohr und einer Bohrung gemäß der Erfindung.

The invention is described in more detail below with reference to preferred embodiments, which are shown schematically in the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

Fig. 1:

a schematic side view of a drilling device according to the invention and

Figures 2a to 2i:

Beam representations of a support tube and a bore according to the invention.

A drilling device 10 according to the invention according to Fig. 1 has an undercarriage 12 designed as a crawler chassis and an upper carriage 14 rotatably mounted thereon. The undercarriage 12 and the upper carriage 14 form a substructure 15. The drive units and the control station for the drilling rig 10 are arranged on the upper carriage 14 in a known manner.

A vertical mast 18 with an upper mast head 19 is adjustably attached to a front side of the superstructure 14 via an articulation kinematics 16 with neck cylinders. A carriage 20 is slidably guided along a front side of the mast 18. A first drilling drive 22 is provided on the carriage 20, which has a hydraulic motor 24. Furthermore, a second drive 26 with a sleeve-shaped rotary connection 27 for establishing a rotationally fixed connection to a support tube 4 is provided on the carriage 20. The second drive 26 essentially consists of a gear connection to the first drilling drive 22 with the hydraulic motor 24 in order to apply a torque to the rotary connection 27 and thus the support tube 4.

The roughly sleeve-shaped first drill drive 22 is penetrated by a drill rod 30, which is designed as a Kelly rod with external drive strips. The drill rod 30 has an upper suspension 32, with which the drill rod 30 is connected to a main cable 39. The main cable 39 is guided via deflection rollers on the mast head 19 to a main winch 38 on the top of the upper carriage 14. The drill rod 30 can be moved vertically by operating the main winch 38.

The carriage 20 is connected to a feed cable 37, which is guided above and below the carriage 20 along the mast 18 and is driven by a feed winch 36. is operated. The slide 20 can be moved up or down along a guide of the mast 18 by the feed winch 36.

A drilling tool 34 for removing soil material is attached to an underside of the drill rod 30. The drilling tool 34 is in the illustrated embodiment according to Fig. 1 designed as a drilling bucket. The diameter of the drilling tool 34 is designed such that it can be inserted into the inner cavity of the support tube 4.

A cased borehole can be created in the ground 1 using the drilling rig 10. For an efficient creation of a cased borehole, a coordinated insertion of the support pipe 4 with the sinking of the borehole is necessary. According to Fig. 1 In a first step, the support tube 4 is inserted into the soil 1 to a first penetration depth.

This state is shown schematically in Fig. 2a which shows a bar chart provided according to the invention, which can be displayed on a monitor to the operator in the drilling device 10. According to the illustration according to Fig. 2a no soil excavation has yet taken place.

The pipe length of the support pipe 4 can be entered by the operator on the monitor of a computer unit. For the depth measurement, a lower edge of the drilling tool 34 is set to zero at the upper edge of the support pipe. This sets the reference between the drilling tool 34 and the support pipe 4 in the computer unit.

According to Fig. 2b The next step is to drill out the soil 1 from the support tube 4 using the drilling tool 34. By measuring the depth with a first sensor device on the main winch 38, the drilling progress can be monitored on the monitor of the computer unit. Both the length of the support tube 4 and the drilling depth reached are displayed graphically on the monitor of the computer unit. The horizontal bar shifted downwards within the support tube 4 in Fig. 2b indicates the drilling depth of the drilling tool 34. In addition, the drilling tool 34 can be displayed on the monitor in the control station with an additional horizontal bar within the support tube 4.

Preferably, the difference between the support tube length and the achieved drilling depth can also be used as a measured value of the position of the drilling tool 34 to the support tube 4 at the

monitor. In addition to the graphic display, the machine operator receives a measurement of whether the drilling tool 34 is drilling ahead or behind in relation to the support pipe 4. In certain soil layers, this measurement is of crucial importance for the subsequent quality of the bored pile created.

In a further step according to Fig. 2c the support tube 4 is again coupled to the second drive 26, which can also be referred to as a power rotary head, and screwed further into the ground 1.

The new reference of the depth measurement is recorded by a reset by the device operator with the lower edge of the drilling tool 34 on the upper edge of the support tube 4 or by measuring the penetration depth achieved via the depth measurement on the feed winch 36 using a second sensor device. For measuring the penetration via the depth measurement of the feed winch 36, a special mode can be set up in the computer unit for input by the device operator or an automatic detection of the coupling of the second drive 26 with the support tube 4.

According to Fig. 2d After decoupling the second drive 26 from the support tube 4, further drilling takes place within the support tube 4. This can be done in one or more drilling processes.

The steps can be carried out according to the Figures 2b to 2d be carried out several times in succession.

Subsequently, according to Fig. 2e the placement of an additional support tube element 5, whereby an extended support tube 4 is formed. The length of the support tube 4 is determined in the computer unit and graphically according to Fig. 2e shown.

For this purpose, the length of the additionally attached support tube element 5 is added to the previously known length of the support tube 4. The length of the additionally attached support tube element 5 is detected by the device operator entering it into the computer unit or by automatic detection of the tube length by an identification system for the support tubes 4/support tube elements 5, for example by means of an RFID tag.

In order to relate the depth measurement back to the upper edge of the support tube 4, this is aligned with the lower edge of the drilling tool 34 by a reset by the device operator. set to zero at the upper edge of the support tube 4 or adjusted by an automatic correction of the achieved drilling depth by the specified or recorded length of the support tube 4 supplemented with the support tube element 5. In this way, a correction of the depth measurement can be carried out automatically.

By coupling the extended support tube 4 with the second drive 26 again, the support tube 4 is screwed deeper into the ground 1, as can be seen from Fig. 2f is visible. Subsequently, according to Fig. 2g further drilling and removal of the soil material from the support tube 4. The screwing in of the extended support tube 4 and the drilling of the soil material contained therein can also be carried out in several steps, as can be seen from the Figures 2h and 2i emerges.

The Figures 2a to 2i The method shown shows that the support tube 4 is advanced in relation to the bore 2. The graphic representation makes this easy for the operator to check. The bore can also be advanced in relation to the support tube in a similar manner.

Claims (12)

1. Drilling apparatus for producing a cased bore (2), with

   - a first drill drive (22) for driving a drill rod (30) in a rotating manner, at the lower end of which a drilling tool (34) for removing ground material is arranged,

   - a mast (18), along which the first drill drive (22) is movable with a sledge (20),

   - a second drive (26), with which a support tube (4) for the bore (2) can be introduced into the ground (1), and

   - a computer unit,
   characterized in that

   - in the computer unit a current drilling depth of the drilling tool (34) and a depth of introduction of the support tube (4) are indicated, and

   - a monitor is provided, on which the current drilling depth in relation to the depth of introduction of the support tube (4) can be displayed graphically as a bar graph by the computer unit.
2. Drilling apparatus according to claim 1,
   characterized in that
   the second drive is an output element which is driven by a motor (24) of the first drill drive (22).
3. Drilling apparatus according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterized in that
   the first drill drive (22) and the second drive (26) are jointly arranged on the sledge (20).
4. Drilling apparatus according to claim 1,
   characterized in that
   the second drive is a casing machine which is mounted on a base structure (15) of the drilling apparatus.
5. Drilling apparatus according to claim 4,
   characterized in that
   the casing machine has a pivotable collet for introducing the support tube (4) in a rotating manner into the ground (1).
6. Method for operating a drilling apparatus (10) according to anyone of the claims 1 to 5, in which a bore (2) is produced with a support tube (4),
   characterized in that

   - a depth of introduction of the support tube (4) into the ground(1) is indicated in a computer unit,

   - a current drilling depth of a drilling tool (34) is detected during the production of the bore (2) and indicated in the computer unit and

   - by means of the computer unit the current drilling depth in relation to the depth of introduction of the support tube (4) is displayed graphically as a bar graph on a monitor.
7. Method according to claim 6,
   characterized in that
   the detection of the current drilling depth of the drilling tool (34) takes place via a first sensor means.
8. Method according to claim 6 or 7,
   characterized in that
   the input of the depth of introduction of the support tube (4) takes place manually via an operation terminal or automatically via a second sensor means.
9. Method according to anyone of the claims 6 to 8,
   characterized in that
   the detection of the current drilling depth takes place by means of a position measurement of a sledge (20) of a first drill drive (22) and/or a location measurement of a drill rod (30), at the lower end of which the drilling tool (34) is mounted.
10. Method according to anyone if the claims 6 to 9,
    characterized in that
    by way of the computer unit a bar display of the depth of introduction of the support tube (4)and of the current drilling depth is generated on the monitor.
11. Method according to anyone if the claims 6 to 10,
    characterized in that
    the support tube (4) is composed of at least two support tube elements (5), wherein an additive overall display of the depth of introduction is provided.
12. Method according to anyone of the claims 6 to 11,
    characterized in that
    on the monitor the support tube (4) or the support tube element (5) is displayed on the monitor before and after introduction into the ground (1).

Images