ES2221818B2 - LIGHTWEIGHT MOLDING MOLD, MULTIPLE USES, TO COLL WORK FORGED UNIDIRECTIONAL CONCRETE CONCRETE SHAPE AND HOLLOW LONGITUDINAL BOVEDILLA. - Google Patents

Abstract

Light formwork mold, for multiple uses, for casting on site of unidirectional reinforced concrete slabs in the form of a joist and hollow longitudinal vault. Reusable formwork mold to build unidirectional floor slabs, characterized by its special design that shapes a volume of reinforced concrete designed to form a joist (1) and a vault (2). The latter acts as a compression or distribution layer, leaving a longitudinal gap (3) to pass installations. The objects of the invention are: 1. Simpler and safer construction on site of unidirectional reinforced concrete slabs using a single lightweight mold. 2. Make unidirectional slabs on site without external contributions from joists and missing vaults. 3. Shape a hole (3) that allows the passage of facilities. 4. Allow the fixing of decorative elements or clamping during concrete casting.

Description

Light formwork mold, multi-use, for casting on site forged unidirectional reinforced concrete with joist shape and hollow longitudinal vault.

Technical sector

The present invention concerns the sector of formwork molds forged concrete concrete in the construction sector.

State of the art

From the massive implantation of concrete in the construction, different shapes and materials have been handled to form it on site and receive it in its liquid state, enabling its initial setting with the form that each project requires. By material availability requirements for molds, they are usually made of wood, in slats and in panels and in plates metal with reinforcements. The result is usually a flat finish on the underside that requires an additional height for the hang from the facilities, usually longitudinal.

Many forms have been used lost as concrete, ceramic or light foam vaults that, although they present obvious economic advantages, finally they have the same problem of complicating the passage of certain facilities, in addition, according to the latest safety standards, require in turn a second formwork to prevent its easy breakage causes accidents. As an added factor, they require external supply and lifting of both joists and vaults, resulting in possible complications in both aspects and raises the final costs of executing the Forged made on site. Finally, they remain as formwork lost, joined to the floor, so they increase the weight of the same unnecessarily and, logically, they are not reusable.

The antecedent closest to the idea that We present a patent is the case of plastic cases of multiple uses, which are used to form slabs reticular These in turn need a continuous flat formwork as a support for its lower part and they do not allow facilities in their gaps.

There are curved vaults made with metal or plastic plates equipped with tensioners. They come ready to attach to open-heart joists specially designed with plates to receive them. The experience He has taught us the difficulty of handling both the formwork and by decoupling them and the poor finish of both joists as of the vaults that does not allow to leave them seen. Although they avoid the need for an external vault, they do require of the supply of a special joist.

None of the mentioned systems allows the installation, before casting concrete on site, of elements decorative accessories such as moldings, ceramic tiles decorative, wooden joist caps or profiles and battens that allow direct subsequent fixation of false ceilings.

Explanation of the invention.

In this invention that is presented to the patent, the mold has a shape that creates in one piece the two basic volumes that make up a unidirectional slab: The joist , (1) with a longitudinal reinforcement and other transversal reinforcements that facilitate the fixing of struts and girders and that the cast be at work in its entirety, can prepare hollow cross to also pass through it facilities (providing it of course reinforcements on the metallic armor that ex-teachers is marked by the Directorate Facultative) and reinforced concrete vault (2), which provides an open longitudinal hollow in all its extension (3). This hole, once the floor has been set and the mold removed, admits the passage of hanging installations that do not protrude from the lowest level of the joist. The convex hollow is closed at one end with a cover (4) that is used for perpendicular formwork of beams, rails or walls with which the slab is located. The other is free to facilitate stacking, storage and transport.

The mold is designed to be manufactured in lightweight material such as plastic or fiberglass, without discarding it from sheet metal, in which case the shape of the reinforcements varies somewhat. In any case, it is prepared to be reusable and to lift it on site, store and transport it economically and easily, given its lightness. The material must be easily cut on site to adapt to irregular shapes of the floor.

It is a mold designed for use on site , which allows greater adaptability than those designed for prefabricated and give any type of lower finish to the floor . For example: before casting the concrete, slats, wooden moldings, ceramic pieces or finishes of any type that remain can be deposited directly on the mold, when the concrete is cast on them and their setting occurs, firmly attached to the slab. This allows, on the one hand, to decorate the vault and, on the other, to provide the joist with a wooden cover to imitate the old slabs. Another possibility is to drop slats or longitudinal profiles at the base of the joist. In this way, the process of installing a hanging structure for additional false ceiling to the floor is saved since, by simple screwing, then plaster, plasterboard, wood, aluminum or any other roof can be fastened.

Description of the drawings in one embodiment preferential.

Drawings corresponding to a mode are attached of preferred realization corresponding to perspectives of two molds mounted on a sopanda and a prop from different angles for the best understanding of the system.

Figure 1 shows the mold from below and from Its open end.

Figure 2 shows the mold from above and from Its closed end with lid.

Figures 3 and 4 show the fit between two pieces with the sopanda and the prop, from below and from above, respectively.

Each piece of mold has two areas clearly longitudinally differentiated: one that constitutes the formwork of the joist (1) and another that constitutes the formwork of the vault (2). Both longitudinal ends are prepared to fit firmly into the previous mold and the next one, introducing the free longitudinal end of the vault into the contiguous mold joist area, and so on, with what a firm lateral union of the formwork is achieved. To do this, everything the side of the joist has a shoulder (5), equipped with a tongue and groove, which serves as a stop to the next mold and prevents its lateral displacement The lower surface finish destined to be the base of the joist, it is thought to be the support of the whole piece and carries longitudinal reinforcements and other cross-sections forming frames (6), which give it the rigidity needed The transverse reinforcements of each end (7) are located a few centimeters from the edge of the piece to leave site to a sopanda (8) or transverse support of the mold, which can fix the aforementioned last reinforcements (7) by means of a  pin that goes through a hole (9) made in them. This hole has to coincide with another similar one made in the sopanda. In this way the sopanda is in the middle of the reinforcement area of two molds, holding each other firmly transversely. The hollow frames (6) have a second function: they serve as lace to the head of a strut in any of them, facilitating the fixing operation of these both in the tightening of their assembly as in its disassembly, avoiding possible accidents due to falling the same.

As for the central area intended for vault (2), it has lower reinforcements also in the form of table (6) that give it rigidity in case it is manufactured in plastic. If the material with which the mold was manufactured was sheet metal or fiberglass, the reinforcements will be the ones that structurally agree, but always intended to allow an easy fit for storage and transport Its upper part, the one left in contact with the concrete in the pouring, is completely smooth and It has a small tab (10) on one of its edges mount on top of the next mold, avoiding the fall of concrete by the board. From the two ends of the concave side of the vault, one is open while the other is closed by a lid transversal (4). The lid serves as a formwork with the wall, zuncho or support beam when necessary, while providing rigidity and safety to the floor slab. The open side allows the fit of other molds during storage or transport, minimizing the need for space for these functions.

Claims (8)

1. Light formwork mold, of multiple uses, for casting on site of unidirectional reinforced concrete slabs in the form of a joist and hollow longitudinal vault, made of plastic, fiberglass, sheet metal or any other material, characterized by its special design by the that the lower or support finish of the area destined to form the joist (1) and the vault (2) has longitudinal and transverse reinforcements, forming frames (6), to allow the direct and safe fit of the heads of as many struts as are required to make unnecessary any other horizontal fastening element during setting, while the transverse reinforcements closest to the ends (7), are removed from them enough to allow the passage of a transverse sop (8), whose object it is the union between molds at the time of the assembly and casting of the concrete so they have a hole (9) to place a pin and fix, by nut, the mo Go to the soup. 2. Light formwork mold, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that one of the longitudinal ends of the mold area intended to form the vault (2) has a fixed cover (4) intended to form the encounter with beams, straps or other elements. structural, while reinforcing the mold permanently. 3. Light formwork mold, according to the preceding claim 2, characterized in that the other end is open to allow easy stacking, storage and transport of the molds. 4. Light formwork mold according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the longitudinal end of the area destined to form the joist has a projection (5) which serves as a fitting to the longitudinal end of the area destined to form the vault of the adjacent mold. 5. Light formwork mold according to claim 4, characterized in that the joining of the ends of adjacent molds has any tongue and groove system. 6. Light formwork mold according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the entire upper surface thereof is longitudinally smooth to allow the resulting slab to cast reinforced concrete to be seen. 7. Light formwork mold, according to claim 6, characterized in that the longitudinal smooth surface allows to place by simple deposit on it any type of decoration or fixation that remains integral with the slab once the concrete has set. 8. Light formwork mold according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the material in which it is manufactured allows easy cutting to adapt to any angle or surface to be formed.