ES2353299B2 - CERAMIC PRODUCT THAT INCLUDES AT LEAST ONE PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL. - Google Patents

Abstract

Ceramic product comprising at least one phase change material.

The present invention relates to a product ceramic obtainable from a procedure comprising the incorporation of at least one phase change material in a ceramic support material, where said incorporation can be carried out on the upper face or face view, in at least one of the lateral or singing; and / or on the back side of the ceramic material support. It is also the object of this invention to use said ceramic product, in new buildings, rehabilitation or from any other location or location.

Description

Ceramic product comprising at least one phase change material.

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of ceramic products and coatings (porcelain stoneware, porous coatings in red paste or white paste, red paste or white paste, etc.), with application of phase change materials (or PCM, of the English Phase Changing Materials ) to improve the thermal properties (thermal conductivity and specific heat) of these products.

Background of the invention

Within the context of the European Directive 2010/31 / EU highlights the construction sector for its importance as an instrument that develops the agreement of the European Council of March 2007 to reduce energy consumption by 20% and 20% additional greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, increasing the final consumption of renewable energies with character 20% mandatory, at least, until 2020. This Directive highlights the great potential of energy saving, not yet realized, in the buildings, the need to take measures to improve the energy efficiency of buildings taking into account weather conditions and local peculiarities, as well as the internal environmental environment and profitability in terms of cost-effectiveness

Although our cities are the largest energy consumption and CO2 emission centers, its design, However, it does not meet energy efficiency criteria. Currently, urban developments depend entirely on each increasing consumption of oil and gas for massive use of systems individual heating and cooling. On the other hand, it has proven the slow progress of solar thermal energy for water hot sanitary or photovoltaic integrated in areas Urban

Address the efficiency of building buildings European cities has therefore become a vital factor for the future. In this sense, a new object of this invention is ceramic development that can be applied to both construction buildings new as in the energy rehabilitation of the building park existing in order to achieve this goal in any market or country of the world. For this, it is proposed to use materials that have sufficient thermal inertia, as well as perfect and apply controlled passive cooling or heating techniques, in particular, those that improve environmental conditions interiors and create microclimates inside buildings, improving the quality and comfort in your daily use.

In this context, Phase Change Materials (PCM or, English Phase Changing Materials) are materials that can absorb, store and release heat when they change state. Therefore, they can be used in construction materials to achieve climate control without damaging the environment. Its operation is linked to the melting point of the phase change material (PCM). Thus, if the phase change material (PCM) has a melting point of 22 ° C, when the ambient temperature rises above 22 ° C, the phase change material (PCM) will begin to melt and absorb the heat of the environment, without changing its temperature. Subsequently, when the ambient temperature decreases, the stored heat will be discharged for heating, and the cycle can be repeated continuously. The characteristics of the ceramic (conductivity and density, as well as resistance, cleanliness and hygiene of the product) make it a great value set.

The energy storage property of Phase change materials (PCM) is based on your ability to latent heat storage, storage capacity high amounts of energy in small volumes, being able to absorb and release heat more efficiently than traditionally used building materials. In these cases, the use of conventional air conditioning systems and heating is minimized, allowing energy savings, by time that protects the environment.

It is known in the art the use of different types of phase change materials (PCM) as agents of energy storage in materials such as cement and concrete, although so far they have not been used in ceramics. In Application function, phase change materials (PCM) to use can be of different types and belong to different chemical families Among the most common, it is worth mentioning the hydrated inorganic salts, fatty acids (such as acetic acid, lauric acid, palmatic acid, or capric acid), acetamide, 600 polyethylene glycol, butyl stearate, paraffins, etc. In general, the melting point of phase change materials (PCM) for climate comfort applications is usually close to the room temperature (18-29 ° C).

In the patent literature it is possible find various requests aimed at the use of materials phase change (PCM). Thus, for example, patent ES 2231882 is directs a composition comprising: (a) a plurality of microcapsules, each of said microcapsules comprising a encapsulating envelope and a heat absorbing material within said envelope; and (b) a support through which they are said microcapsules dispersed, said support being distributed around the substrate.

Also, in applications US5224356 and US4581285 cited in the previous patent describe the use of phase change materials (PCM). In application US5224356, describe microencapsulated materials used to cool sources of heat, as well as microcapsules containing materials from phase change (PCM). These materials can be used alone or as mixture. On the other hand, application US4581285 describes a multilayer insulating structure, particularly useful for protection against exposure to changes between high and low flows of heat, comprising sheets of a phase change material (PCM) that allow heat absorption and storage during periods of high heat flux and heat radiation during periods of low heat flow.

In turn, application US2009 / 0333160 describes a tile structure made from materials that they comprise: (a) at least 10% by mass of a binder material; (b) at least 12% by mass of a phase change material (PCM); and (c) at least 30% by weight of a granular medium base that It comprises at least one granular size stone.

Finally, in application ES2343300 describes a composition of phase change materials (PCM) and its application in natural stone in order to improve its properties thermal. Different phase change materials (PCM) are used depending on the type of stone and the way in which it is introduced or Apply to the stone. The use of phase change materials (PCM) powder, emulsions, etc. it depends on the porosity of the stone and the way in which phase change materials are applied (PCM). Phase change materials (PCM) are incorporated into the natural stone as a layer on the surface of the stone, as putty applied on the back surface of the natural stone and as a reinforcing layer (for example, in the form of mortar) applied in The back surface of the natural stone.

The above patents are based on the advantages presenting phase change materials (PCM) as a means of energy storage, among which are: a increased energy storage capacity; a almost isothermal heat release; or a minimization of the effect of large fluctuations in room temperature. In this way, by storing large amounts of energy it manages to avoid significant changes in the room temperature.

While in recent years it has increased the use of phase change materials (PCM) mainly for regulate the temperature of those substrates or products that comprise (among which are materials such as stone natural, bricks, polymers, metals, etc.), so far they have never been used in applications where the product final not especially affected its aesthetics, such as in ceramic (porous) or porcelain tiles.

The object of this invention is therefore the development of new ceramic products with capacity for store energy and reduce energy consumption in the thermal conditioning of spaces, acting as a control passive climate Likewise, an object of this invention is procedure for the application of phase change materials (PCM) in these products in order to obtain coatings ceramics with non-aesthetic properties and functionalities, but also efficient in the field of comfort, thus contributing to energy saving.

The main difficulty for the use of phase change materials (PCM) in coatings ceramics consists in incorporating them, while its properties are maintained. For this reason, this invention proposes several methods for incorporating exchange materials phase (PCM) in ceramic coatings.

There are different parameters that can influence in the energy that can be absorbed and released during a cycle: (a) melting temperature of phase change materials (PCM); (b) the temperature range in which the fusion occurs and (c) latent capacity per unit area. Also, the method of incorporating phase change materials (PCM) It depends on the substrate to which they are incorporated and their characteristics. It is therefore subject to the procedure to achieve the most possible homogeneous phase change materials (PCM) in the material used as a substrate.

Thus, an object of this invention is new ceramic product manufactured from the incorporation of phase change materials (PCM) to a substrate or material structural ceramic, such as the tiles used in the building siding, with additional functionality to the simple and mere decorative function normally presented by said ceramic elements

Description of the invention

It is a first object of this invention a ceramic product with high thermal inertia properties obtainable from a procedure that includes the incorporation of al minus a phase change material on a ceramic material support.

For the purposes of this patent, it is understood as ceramic material support a ceramic material especially suitable for floors and / or coatings. Said ceramic material support can consist, for example, of tiles, tiles, stoneware Porcelain, porous coatings in red paste or white paste, stoneware of red or white pasta, etc. In one embodiment particular of the invention, said ceramic support material can consist of rectangular, square or other ceramic pieces shapes, with varying sizes that can be, among other examples, 15x15 cm, 30x60 cm, 40x40 cm, 50x100 cm, 60x60 cm, etc.

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Likewise, it is understood by material of change of phase (PCM) a material capable of absorbing and releasing thermal energy, at the temperature of its phase or state change, allowing to maintain A regulated temperature. They are substances with a high heat latent, suitable for energy storage. The kind of phase change material (PCM) used in the procedure can vary depending on the phase change temperature needed to regulate climate comfort, as well as depending on the way in which apply on ceramic material. Preferably, said phase change material (PCM) may consist of a material selected from a group consisting of paraffins, polyethylene glycol 600, hydrated inorganic salts, fatty acids (acetic acid, lauric acid, palmate acid, capric acid, etc.), acetamide, butyl stearate, etc. The melting point of these materials is usually close to room temperature or temperature of comfort (generally, between 18 and 29ºC).

Additionally, said phase change material (PCM) may consist of a phase change material (PCM) commercially available Preferably, it is used in shape of microcapsules, preferably spherical, and with a size of particle preferably between 10 and 30 microns. These microcapsules comprise a core of exchange material of phase (PCM) and a wrapping layer which in turn comprises at least one inert material, preferably a stable polymer.

Regarding the incorporation procedures of the phase change material (preferably microencapsulated) in the ceramic support material, said incorporation can be carried carried out from a method preferably selected from:

(to)

Powdered application of the mixture of Liquid sealers and PCM binders, either by the use of air application systems (gun cabins airbrushing) or spray application systems of enamels by rotating disc booths (disk booths).

(b)

Application in continuous curtains of mixture of binder-liquid sealers and PCM, since either with the use of enamelling campaign system or Filera linear enamelling devices.

(C)

Screen printing application of the mixture of binder-liquid sealers and PCM, since either through the use of head decoration systems screen printing with flat screens (flat heads) or by decoration systems for rotogravure (rotocolor).

(d)

Dry application of PCMs, through the use of appropriate application systems, whether granillero type that generate curtains of solid or type material dry screen printing, which through a screen or mesh allow the regulated passage of the solid to be dosed or other systems of dry application and subsequent application of binders-sealers on them.

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For the procedures of application of the mixtures of binders and / or PCM in ceramic supports is not it is necessary to carry out any special modification regarding usual processes and procedures in the manufacture of products ceramic

The described procedure varies according to the location in the ceramic material in which the incorporation of phase change material.

Also, the resulting new ceramic product, it is the result of the incorporation of the PCM in the material Ceramic support in the following four possible locations:

one.

In the upper part or face visible view of the ceramic support material, be smooth or present irregularities or reliefs.

2.

In the sides or outer edges (edge) of the ceramic material support.

3.

In the lower part or rib of the ceramic support material.

Four.

In the inner part of the ceramic support material, in type location sandwich, where it is preferably placed in the cavities or low reliefs of the piece of ceramic support material, adhering later another piece on top of the first one, being within the resulting piece the PCM.

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Thus, the final properties of the Ceramic product obtained may vary as such is carried out incorporation of phase change material (PCM) in the face upper, on the side, on the back of the ceramic material support or in a sandwich location where PCMs stay located inside. In addition, this incorporation can be carried out on the entire surface of the ceramic material support, or can be applied discontinuously at locations described above

Thus, in a particular embodiment of the invention in which the incorporation of the exchange material of phase (PCM) is carried out on the back side or rib of the ceramic support material, said incorporation can be carried preferably, taking advantage of the recesses or cavities of the back of the ceramic support material (according to the design of the rib or lower area of the material), so that the material of phase change (PCM) can be located below the support plane of the ceramic support or flush with it. The application of The PCM can be carried out, preferably, after mixing the themselves with a binder-sealant in a concentration adequate and with an air application of the resulting liquid (application method "a"), on the ceramic support piece, although the application methods b), c) could also be used, or d).

Also, in a second particular embodiment of the invention, the phase change material (PCM) can be incorporated into at least one of the sides or outer edge of the ceramic support material, preferably on all four edges outside Preferably, said incorporation can be carried carried out in at least one recess located on said side (or lateral) of the ceramic support material. Even more preferred, said recess may preferably vary between 10 mm and 30 mm deep, inside which the PCM would be located, using as method of application of the PCM the method d), being subsequently sealed the entree, using as binders-sealers an adhesive in aqueous dispersion of modified vinyl copolymers, preferably, but not exclusively, being able to use epoxy resin binders between others.

In a third particular embodiment of the invention, the phase change material (PCM) can be incorporated in holes, hollows or low reliefs located on the upper face of the ceramic support material, preferably aligned in rows and columns if their design is a regular figure. These Low reliefs are preferably square or rectangular in shape or other geometrically regular figures, with a size that can preferably vary between 12 mm and 220 mm side, if it is a shape square.

In turn, in a further embodiment of the invention a second body of sandwich can be placed as a sandwich ceramic material covering the ceramic product on which there is the phase change material (PCM) has been previously deposited, preferably, in holes, cavities or low reliefs. By way of preferred, this second body of ceramic material may have a thickness less than the ceramic support material, remaining adhered thereon so that the phase change material (PCM) is located in an intermediate layer between the second body of ceramic material and ceramic support material.

In a fourth particular embodiment of the invention, the phase change material (PCM) can be placed on the face or top of the ceramic support material, either a smooth surface or present low reliefs, using one of the application methods indicated a), b), c), or d).

In particular, in addition to the material phase change (PCM) it is possible to incorporate at least one product binder suitable for the type of ceramic material used as well as to the location where the phase change material (PCM) be incorporated By using said binding product it will be possible to adhere the phase change material on the surface of the ceramic support material.

This binding product can be selected from a group consisting preferably of acrylic binders with hardener, acrylic binders without hardener and aqueous base, Acrylic binders without hardener and organic solvent base and / or Binding epoxy resins with hardener:

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1. Acrylic binders with hardener

They comprise a dispersion of acrylic resins, modified styrenic resins or vinyl resins, dispersed water with adherent capacity on different supports that require the addition of at least one hardener, film former. Preferably, said acrylic hardener binders are characterized by comprising a mixture of demineralized water (preferably between 0% and 55% by weight), a mixture of resins (acrylic-styrenic-vinyl) (preferably between 44% and 98% by weight) and a hardening agent (film former) for acrylic resins (preferably between a 1% and 8% by weight).

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2. Acrylic binders without hardener and aqueous base

They comprise a dispersion of combinations and Acrylic acid derivatives, aliphatic ethers, resins styrenic, water based. Said dispersion forms a film or film hard and without touch (tack), without the use of hardeners.

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3. Acrylic binders without hardener and solvent base organic

They comprise a dispersion of combinations and Acrylic acid derivatives and organic solvents, solvent based (immiscible in water). This dispersion is a film maker or hard and touchless film (tack), without the use of hardeners;

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4. Binding epoxy resins with hardener

They comprise a dispersion of epoxy resins in water with adherent capacity on different supports that require the addition of a resin hardener, film former. By way of preferably, said hardener epoxy resin binders will be characterized by comprising a mixture of demineralized water (preferably between 25% and 55% by weight), a mixture of resins epoxy (preferably between 34% and 60% by weight) and an agent epoxy resin hardener, film former (preferably between 11% and 29% in weight). Water is used as solvent of the agent hardener Subsequently the epoxy resin and the mixture are added resulting phase change materials (PCM) are added.

In this case, prior to the incorporation in the ceramic material support of the exchange material phase (PCM), can be carried out its dispersion or mixing with the binding product, preferably with stirring. Later, said mixture can be applied preferably by spraying by air or by decorative systems of rotating discs, or alternatively by curtain enamelling systems (bell or filera).

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is It is also possible to use at least one doping agent, preferably, a metal or composites (various forms of carbon, such as graphite), in order to improve the thermal conductivity of phase change materials (PCM).

Among the main advantages of the new resulting ceramic product object of the invention are found the following:

As a consequence of storage latent heat in the ceramic product achieves real savings of energy (economic for the user and sustainable for the environment), by reducing the need for heating and air conditioning and therefore emissions to the atmosphere of CO_ {2} and NO_ {X}.

It manages to maintain the comfort of the paved and / or covered room by reducing fluctuations thermal of the ceramic surface between day and night or between extreme temperatures, as a consequence of the thermal inertia of ceramic products.

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The ceramic product object of the invention is In short, a product with high added value, capable of improving ostensibly comfort and interior health of buildings new or to rehabilitate. Inside the buildings acts preferably as a passive energy system and is the cause of welfare and improvement of the interiors.

In this way, it is an additional object of this invention the use of said ceramic products in building, both in new work as in rehabilitation, by allowing to achieve a high efficiency and energy self-sufficiency. In addition to its use residential, in offices or in public applications, it is possible use it in new applications and locations as a control passive climate

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Brief description of the figures

Figure 1 represents a view of the rib or back (not visible once placed), of a ceramic product (3) comprising on its surface a material phase change (1);

Figure 2 shows a section of the ceramic product (3) of figure 1, as well as a detail of said cut.

Figure 1 and Figure 2, are would correspond to the ceramic product resulting from the location of the PCM at the bottom or rib of the ceramic material support, location 3.

Figure 3 represents a view of a second ceramic product (3) comprising in its interior a phase change material (1) on the sides or outer edges of said ceramic product (3) (between 10 mm and 30 mm of depth);

Figure 4 shows a section of the ceramic product (3) of figure 3, as well as a detail of said cut.

Figure 3 and Figure 4, are would correspond to the ceramic product resulting from the location of the PCM on the sides or outer edges (edge) of the material ceramic support, location 2.

Figure 5 represents a view of a third ceramic product (3) comprising on its surface a phase change material (1);

Figure 6 shows a section of the ceramic product (3) of figure 5, as well as a detail of said cut.

Figure 5 and Figure 6, are would correspond to the ceramic product resulting from the location of the PCM inside, sandwich type of ceramic material support, location 4.

Figure 7 represents a view of a fourth ceramic product (3) comprising on its surface a phase change material (1);

Figure 8 shows a section of the ceramic product (3) of figure 7, as well as a detail of said cut.

Figure 7 and Figure 8, are would correspond to the ceramic product resulting from the location of the PCM inside, sandwich type of ceramic material support, location 4.

Figure 9 represents a view of a visible face or visible outer surface of a ceramic product (3) comprising on its surface a phase change material (1), where said ceramic product (3) can consist of one piece ceramic rectangular, square or other shapes, with a variable size between 15x15 cm., 30x60 cm., 40x40 cm., 50x100 cm., 60x60 cm., Or others;

Figure 10 shows a section of the ceramic product (3) of figure 9, as well as a detail of said cut.

Figure 9 and Figure 10, are would correspond to the ceramic product resulting from the location of the PCM on the top or face view of the ceramic material support, location 1.

Detailed description of the figures

The figures that accompany this description they represent by way of example different embodiments of the product ceramic object of the invention, depending on the method of application and location of phase change materials (PCM) in the material ceramic stand. Thus, figure 1 shows a product ceramic (3), specifically, a tile comprising a material of phase change (1) incorporated on the lower part or rib of said tile. In this case, the phase change material, preferably microencapsulated (1) was previously mixed with a adjuvant or liquid binding medium, which will allow its application posterior airway to improve adhesion. The middle Binder to be used would be preferably but not exclusively a acrylic binder with hardener, and the resulting mixture understand it in percentage:

to)

Dispersion of acrylic resins with hardener, 95% to 50%, preferably 85% to 70% solid weight. Said acrylic resins would be in turn formed by a dispersion of water, acrylic, styrenic resins, vinyl and a hardening agent in the percentages indicated with previous (page 11);

b)

PCM microencapsulated, from 5% to 50%, preferably from 15% to a 30% solid weight.

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Also, the incorporation of the material of phase change (1) is carried out without completely covering the tile surface. As shown in Figure 2, corresponding to a cut and a detail of the ceramic product (3) of Figure 1, the incorporation of the phase change material (1) is carried out taking advantage of the cavities or low reliefs (2) of the ribs or reverse side of the tile (5), so that the deposition of the phase change material (1) is located below the plane of support (4) or flush with it (the deposited material could exceed the support plane, without affecting the new ones properties obtained, since it only implies a higher consumption of PCM than necessary for the specified functionality).

Figure 3 shows a ceramic product (3) that It includes recesses or recesses (6) located on the sides or tile edges (5). In this case, the incorporation of the material Phase change (1) is carried out in said recesses (6). The Figure 4 represents a section and a detail of Figure 3.

Once the material located in said entrances these entrances would be sealed or closed to avoid loss of PCM. The sealing of the entrees is done preferably but not exclusively with aqueous dispersion adhesives-sealants from modified vinyl copolymers, and can also be used alternatively epoxy resins, among other sealants.

Figure 5 shows a ceramic product (3) that comprises a set of holes or low reliefs (7) of small size, positioned aligned along the surface of the ceramic product (3). As shown in Figure 6, these gaps, embedded or low reliefs (7) are covered by a second body tile (8) adhered to the tile (5) later and preferably of a thickness less than that of the tile (5).

Figure 7 shows a similar ceramic product to the one corresponding to figure 5, but where the number of holes, recessed or low reliefs (7) has been diminished and, therefore, the Gap size and dimensions have increased proportionally, the incorporation of the phase change material (1) in both cases it is analogous and would be inserted in a location sandwich type. Preferably, the number of holes, recessed or Low reliefs (7) is greater than 4. Figure 8 shows a section and detail of the ceramic product represented in said figure 7, with the inclusion of PCMs in a sandwich structure.

Finally, figures 9 and 10 show a tile (5) in which the phase change material has been incorporated on the visible face or visible outer surface of said tile (5).

In the case of ceramic products shown in figures 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 and 8, the material change location of phase (1) in the ceramic product (3) has been carried out by Stir dispersion of phase change material (1) microencapsulated in a liquid binding medium, allowing its subsequent application via air spray or disc rotating, preferably but not exclusively.

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Example 1 Thermal storage in ceramic pieces with materials phase change (PCM)

In this example a study of the thermal storage in a ceramic product with materials phase change (PCM). For this, a monitoring was carried out of a ceramic piece without any treatment ("white") and another ceramic piece treated with phase change materials (PCM), both pieces being the same format, model, thickness, finish and date of production.

These pieces were subjected to cycles of heating-cooling, using a system of air conditioning-heating (air conditioning monitored) that allowed to vary the heating times and temperatures

The two pieces were arranged simultaneously in a hermetically sealed cabin, placing different thermocouples (type PT100) at different points of the ceramic pieces both in the lower surface (exposed to the air system conditioning-heating), as on the surface outside (in contact with the environment).

Next, data was collected from temperatures every 2 minutes, obtaining information from maximum and minimum temperatures of each piece and of the times that It took each of the pieces to reach these temperatures.

In view of the results obtained, it obtained the following conclusions regarding the effects achieved by the incorporation of phase change materials (PCM) to ceramics:

1. A reduction in the maximum temperature reached by the piece with phase change materials (PCM) was achieved, compared to the piece without phase change materials (PCM) of 0.5ºC lower. This is because during the heating process the melting temperature of the phase change material (PCM) is exceeded and it absorbs heat. During the cooling process, the minimum temperature for the part with phase change materials (PCM) is not as low as without phase change materials (PCM) (0.5 ° C difference), which is because during the solidification process of the phase change material (PCM) (below 26 ° C), it releases the previously stored heat and therefore, the piece with phase change materials (PCM) does not decrease its temperature so much
race

2. On the other hand, it is also observed that during cooling, it takes longer to reach low temperatures in the case of the part with phase change materials (PCM) (for reach 21ºC, the piece with phase change materials (PCM) takes 20 more minutes), and therefore, the connection time of the heating system, with the consequent energy saving. He cooling and heating process of the part with materials Phase change (PCM) occurs more slowly than when not there are phase change materials (PCM), which is observed because the slope of the cooling and heating curves are not so charged for the piece with phase change materials (PCM).

Therefore, there are two effects produced by the incorporation of phase change materials (PCM): an effect of reduction of thermal fluctuations and a delay effect on the time to reach maximum and minimum temperatures.

This can be extrapolated to a reduction in working temperatures of air systems conditioning-heating and a reduction in its usage time

With the data obtained, the temperature difference between the lower and upper surface for each of the pieces (with and without phase change materials (PCM)). The results showed that the piece without materials of phase change (PCM) has a temperature difference of 4.27 ° C between the lower and upper surface, while the piece with phase change materials (PCM) offers a difference temperature of 2.93 ° C. These values also show The heat storage capacity of exchange materials phase (PCM) incorporated into ceramics and the possibilities that can contribute to the construction of eco-efficient buildings energetically

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Example 2 Efficiency estimation

In this case, an estimate of The efficiency of the products object of the invention:

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As indicated by the IDAE (Institute for Diversification and Energy Savings, of the Ministry of Industry and energy of Spain), a medium-sized home (102.40 m2) consumes approximately 0.45662 kWh in one hour (4000 kWh annually). According to IDAE, 64% of this energy is due to heating and air conditioning systems.

0.45662 kWh x 24 hours x 365 days = 4000 kWh year;

4000 kWh x 64% air conditioning = 2560 kWh year consumed in heating and air conditioned;

2560 kWh \ div 365 days = 7,013 kWh day consumed in heating and air conditioned;

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As experimentally obtained at the level Laboratory, phase change materials treatment (PCM) can reduce the use by 1-2 hours per day of an air conditioning system.

In addition, the air conditioning system can program 1 or 2 degrees less than when there are no ceramics with phase change materials (PCM), so it takes less time to reach this temperature (comfort temperature) and the machine is longer in stand-by (saving of energy).

Whereas the air conditioning is operating for 12 h per day, consumption in kWh can be calculated in 10 h instead of 12 h. Therefore, for 10 h of heating, 5,844 kW would be consumed.

For the estimation, only the pavement of an average dwelling 102.40 m2 (without taking into account coverings of bathrooms, kitchens or other locations). It can also be applied to all types of constructions: hospitality, hotels, hospitals, recreation centers, shops ... where the air conditioning is done 24 hours a day and the cost Energy is very high. More installed meters from the object product of the invention, greater energy savings.

In this way, the percentage of savings energy in an average household per year would be 16.67%:

(7,013 kW 12 h / day - 5,844 kW 10 h / day) \ div 7,013 * 100 = 16.67% savings energy in an average home.

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Conclusions

Based on the results we can conclude that The ceramic product object of this invention is very positive for the environment and for energy saving in any building from anywhere in the world.

We consider that a new typology is generated of ceramic products, with not merely aesthetic functionality, but efficient in the field of comfort contributing to savings energetic.

In addition, it is an easy product application, due to its simple incorporation into the chain of production of ceramics of any type (porcelain, lining, stoneware ...).

On the other hand, in addition to the advantages commercials that this new product supposes, is fundamental consider the great contribution it makes to the conservation of environment, from several aspects: The reduction of thermal fluctuations between day and night (or between different rooms or rooms of a dwelling) allows the energy saving of air conditioning and heating systems, and therefore the reduction of fossil fuel consumption and the emission of significant amounts of CO2, suspended particles, nitrogen and ozone dioxides to the lower layers of the atmosphere. From in a complementary way, a great economic saving is obtained and improves the quality of life (thermal comfort) of people.

Claims (13)

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1. Ceramic product obtainable from a method comprising incorporating at least one material phase change selected from a group consisting of salts inorganic hydrates, fatty acids, acetamide, polyethylene glycol 600, butyl stearate and paraffins, as well as any of its combinations, in a ceramic support material, where the incorporation of the phase change material is carried out in the top face or face view, on at least one of the sides or edge, and / or on the back side of the ceramic support material. 2. Product, according to claim 1, where when the incorporation of the phase change material is carried out on the back side or rib of the ceramic material support, said incorporation is carried out in the gaps or cavities located on said rear face of the ceramic material support. 3. Product, according to claim 1, where when the incorporation of the phase change material is carried out on at least one of the sides or edges of the material ceramic support, said incorporation is carried out in at least one incoming located on said side of the ceramic support material. 4. Product according to claim 1, where when the incorporation of the phase change material is carried out on the upper face of the ceramic support material, said incorporation is carried out in holes or low reliefs located on said upper face of the ceramic support material. 5. Product, according to claim 4, characterized in that after the incorporation of the phase change material in the ceramic support material, the incorporation of a second body of ceramic material is carried out on the ceramic support material comprising the phase change material, said phase change material remaining between the support ceramic material and the second body of ceramic material, in a sandwich type location. 6. Product, according to any one of the previous claims, wherein in addition to the material of phase change the procedure includes the incorporation of less a binding product suitable for the ceramic support material. 7. Product according to claim 6, where the binder product is selected from a group consisting of in acrylic binders with hardener, acrylic binders without hardener and aqueous base, acrylic binders without hardener and base organic solvent and / or epoxy resin binders with hardener. 8. Product according to claim 7, where acrylic hardener binders comprise a mixture between 0% and 55% by weight of demineralized water; between a 44% and 98% by weight of a mixture of acrylic, styrenic resins or vinyl and between 1% and 8% by weight of a hardening agent for acrylic resins. 9. Product according to claim 7, where acrylic binders without hardener and aqueous base they comprise an aqueous-based dispersion of combinations and Acrylic acid derivatives, aliphatic ethers and resins styrenics 10. Product according to claim 7, where acrylic binders without hardener and solvent base organic comprise a dispersion of combinations and derivatives of Acrylic acid and organic solvents in an immiscible solvent base in water 11. Product according to claim 7, where the hardener epoxy resin binders comprise a mixing between 25% and 55% by weight of demineralized water, between 34% and 60% by weight of a mixture of epoxy resins and between 11% and 29% by weight of a resin hardening agent epoxy 12. Product, according to any one of the previous claims, wherein the incorporation of the material of phase change in the ceramic support material is carried out at from a method selected from: a) spray application of a mixture of liquid binder-sealants and said material of phase change, either through the use of application systems airbrush or spray application systems of enamels by rotating disc booths; b) application in continuous mixing curtains of Liquid sealers and PCM binders, either with the use of enamelling campaign systems or devices linear enamelling Filera type; c) Serigraphic application of the mixture of Liquid sealers and PCM binders, either by the use of serigraphic head decoration systems with flat screens or by decorating systems by gravure; d) dry application of the PCM, through use of at least one dry application system, with subsequent application of binders-sealers on same. 13. Use of a ceramic product, according to any one of the preceding claims, in buildings of new work, rehabilitation or any other location or location.

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