ES2454777B2 - Device and method for increased retinal reflex in pupil - Google Patents
Device and method for increased retinal reflex in pupil Download PDFInfo
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- ES2454777B2 ES2454777B2 ES201201012A ES201201012A ES2454777B2 ES 2454777 B2 ES2454777 B2 ES 2454777B2 ES 201201012 A ES201201012 A ES 201201012A ES 201201012 A ES201201012 A ES 201201012A ES 2454777 B2 ES2454777 B2 ES 2454777B2
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- 210000001747 pupil Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000002207 retinal effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000014733 refractive error Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 208000029091 Refraction disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002350 accommodative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004430 ametropia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003416 augmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004087 cornea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004438 eyesight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004313 glare Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000001491 myopia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001179 pupillary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004256 retinal image Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Dispositivo y método para el aumento del reflejo retiniano en pupila.#Se ha desarrollado un dispositivo que permite realizar el aumento del reflejo retiniano cuando no es posible conseguir la completa neutralización de las sombras en la pupila o en las pupilas de pacientes con miosis.#La invención consiste en una lente tipo Fresnel enmarcada en un marco rígido al que se le unen varias barras para poder engarzar el dispositivo al aparato optométrico, de manera fácil y cómoda.#El dispositivo permite la neutralización de las sombras en la retina y la medida correcta de la retinoscopía.Device and method for the increase of the retinal reflex in the pupil. # A device has been developed that allows the increase of the retinal reflex when it is not possible to achieve complete neutralization of the shadows in the pupil or in the pupils of patients with myosis. # The invention consists of a Fresnel lens framed in a rigid frame to which several bars are attached to be able to crimp the device to the optometric device, easily and comfortably. # The device allows the neutralization of the shadows on the retina and the measurement correct retinoscopy.
Description
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
Dispositivo y método para el aumento del reflejo retiniano en pupila. Device and method for increasing the retinal reflex in the pupil.
Sección de la invención 5 Section of the invention 5
La invención se encuadra en el sector de la Optometría, concretamente para la neutralización, en condiciones especiales, de la imagen retiniana en la pupila del paciente observado. The invention falls within the Optometry sector, specifically for the neutralization, under special conditions, of the retinal image in the pupil of the observed patient.
10 10
Estado de la técnica State of the art
La retinoscopía es un procedimiento habitual y objetivo del examen optométrico. Para evaluarla se utilizan en Optometría instrumentos como el foróptero, las gafas de prueba o las reglas de esquiascopía. 15 Retinoscopy is a common and objective procedure of the eye examination. To evaluate it, instruments such as the phoropter, the test glasses or the rules of schiascopy are used in Optometry. fifteen
En condiciones habituales, el diámetro de la pupila promedio es de 4 mm. Con este tamaño, se puede observar cualquier sombra producida en el reflejo retiniano que se produce en la pupila, por su iluminación directa. Under usual conditions, the average pupil diameter is 4 mm. With this size, any shadow produced in the retinal reflex that occurs in the pupil can be observed, due to its direct illumination.
20 twenty
Las distancias a las que se realizan las medidas son a 66 cm o a 40 cm y las medidas se toman mediante las técnicas estática y dinámica. En la estática, se mide la posición del punto remoto y en la dinámica, la profundidad de foco o el retraso acomodativo. The distances at which the measurements are made are 66 cm or 40 cm and the measurements are taken using static and dynamic techniques. In static, the position of the remote point is measured and in dynamics, depth of focus or accommodative delay.
La sombra que se produce con la iluminación directa del ojo puede tener dos sentidos, a 25 favor del movimiento de la mano o inverso. La técnica acaba si se neutralizan esas sombras, apareciendo un reflejo que cubre toda la pupila y que, con un ligero movimiento de mano, oscurece del todo. Este punto se conoce como el punto neutro o de neutralización. The shadow that occurs with direct illumination of the eye can have two senses, in favor of the movement of the hand or inverse. The technique ends if these shadows are neutralized, a reflection that covers the entire pupil and that, with a slight hand movement, darkens completely. This point is known as the neutral or neutralization point.
30 30
Cuando aparecen reflejos pupilares variables o un reflejo muy brillante, el profesional es incapaz de asegurar la neutralización. En el primer caso, son efectos producidos por la acomodación o por la existencia de irregularidades en la córnea los que no permiten la observación. When variable pupillary reflexes or a very bright reflex appear, the professional is unable to ensure neutralization. In the first case, effects caused by accommodation or by the existence of irregularities in the cornea are those that do not allow observation.
35 35
En el segundo caso, se trata de problemas por miosis o pupilas de diámetros inferiores al de valor promedio. Estas pupilas son muy habituales en personas mayores con problemas de deslumbramiento e intentar buscar las sombras en tan poco espacio y, por supuesto, neutralizarlas se hace imposible. In the second case, these are problems due to myosis or pupils of diameters smaller than the average value. These pupils are very common in older people with problems of glare and try to find the shadows in such a small space and, of course, neutralize them becomes impossible.
40 40
Una de las opciones para lograr el punto final consiste en instilar un fármaco que dilate la pupila. Esto supone recurrir a métodos invasivos con cierto riesgo para cierta población. One of the options to achieve the end point is to instill a drug that dilates the pupil. This means resorting to invasive methods with a certain risk for a certain population.
Cualquier medida por este método es siempre objetiva y depende de la capacidad del Óptico-Optometrista u otro especialista de la visión, para conseguir el dato más preciso. 45 Any measure by this method is always objective and depends on the ability of the Optician-Optometrist or other vision specialist, to get the most accurate data. Four. Five
Existen dos patentes que detallan invenciones de accesorios. la patente US6158863 describe uno para atraer al niño en la observación con el retinoscopio, puesto que se despistan mucho en esta prueba y la patente EP0532436A1 describe otro para acoplar un texto al retinoscopio, utilizado en pruebas de lectura en visión próxima. 50 There are two patents that detail inventions of accessories. US6158863 discloses one to attract the child in observation with the retinoscope, since they are very clueless in this test and patent EP0532436A1 describes another to attach a text to the retinoscope, used in near vision reading tests. fifty
Shimojyo et al. utilizan técnicas con retinoscopios integrados en sistemas opto-electrónicos, a modo de autorrefractómetro con luz infrarroja para medidas automáticas (Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology, 2009; 53:12-17). Shimojyo et al. they use techniques with integrated retinoscopes in opto-electronic systems, as an auto-refractometer with infrared light for automatic measurements (Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology, 2009; 53: 12-17).
Descripción de la invención 5 Description of the invention 5
Este nuevo dispositivo permite la medida de la retinoscopía en situaciones imposibles, con pupilas mióticas. Con el dispositivo de aumento se consigue ver las sombras, en el diagnóstico optométrico de la ametropía o error refractivo del sujeto, tanto para 66 cm como para 40 cm. 10 This new device allows the measurement of retinoscopy in impossible situations, with myotic pupils. With the magnifying device you can see the shadows, in the optometric diagnosis of ametropia or refractive error of the subject, both for 66 cm and 40 cm. 10
La invención (figura 1) consiste en una lente de aumento tipo Fresnel (1), de un material sensiblemente flexible y de un área de 60 cm2. Esta lente va rodeada por un marco (2), cuyo material puede ser metálico, plástico, metacrilato, porcelana, cristal, madera o cualquier otro que confiera rigidez al dispositivo. 15 The invention (figure 1) consists of a Fresnel-type magnifying lens (1), of a substantially flexible material and an area of 60 cm2. This lens is surrounded by a frame (2), whose material can be metallic, plastic, methacrylate, porcelain, glass, wood or any other that confers rigidity to the device. fifteen
Para realizar la medida a una determinada distancia, el dispositivo tiene dos barras cilíndricas extensibles (3) de cualquier material, similar al del material enmarcador, unidas al marco (2) en sus esquinas superiores. A los extremos de dichas barras extensibles se une otra barra plana (4) que las conecta y que es del mismo tipo de material que el marco 20 (2). To perform the measurement at a certain distance, the device has two extendable cylindrical bars (3) of any material, similar to that of the framing material, attached to the frame (2) at its upper corners. Another flat bar (4) is connected to the ends of said extendable bars that connects them and is of the same type of material as the frame 20 (2).
A la barra de conexión (4) se une un sistema formado por dos elementos cilíndricos iguales (5) y que están terminados en pinzas para engarzar el dispositivo al instrumento optométrico. Éste puede ser un retinoscopio de mano, un foróptero o una gafa de 25 pruebas. To the connecting rod (4) is attached a system formed by two equal cylindrical elements (5) and which are terminated in clamps to crimp the device to the eye instrument. This can be a handheld retinoscope, a phoropter or a 25 test glasses.
El dispositivo se puede quitar y poner con comodidad y velocidad, siendo compatible y, por lo tanto, universal con todo tipo de instrumento de medida. The device can be removed and placed with comfort and speed, being compatible and, therefore, universal with all types of measuring instruments.
30 30
La lámina de aumento puede cambiarse de distancia respecto al ojo para variar el tamaño de la pupila al antojo del observador. The augmentation sheet can be changed from distance to the eye to vary the size of the pupil at the whim of the observer.
En la medida de la retinoscopía de un paciente con miosis, esta persona sólo se fijará en un punto de referencia indicado por el propio Óptico-Optometrista. Éste se encargará de 35 apuntar con la luz del retinoscopio a través del dispositivo consiguiendo el aumento del reflejo retiniano en pupila, para neutralizar las sombras que ahora sí distingue mejor. To the extent of retinoscopy of a patient with myosis, this person will only be fixed at a reference point indicated by the Optician-Optometrist himself. This will take care of 35 aiming with the light of the retinoscope through the device getting the increase of the retinal reflex in pupil, to neutralize the shadows that now distinguishes better.
La medida final consiste en una potencia esférica y cilíndrica suficiente para conseguir esta neutralización. 40 The final measurement consists of a sufficient spherical and cylindrical power to achieve this neutralization. 40
Los mayores inconvenientes de la medida de la retinoscopía son la intervención de la acomodación y los cambios en el diámetro pupilar. Con un dispositivo de este tipo, a un precio razonable para uso universal, se resuelve de forma sencilla la observación de un sector importante de la población. 45 The major drawbacks of the measurement of retinoscopy are the intervention of accommodation and changes in pupil diameter. With such a device, at a reasonable price for universal use, the observation of an important sector of the population is solved in a simple way. Four. Five
Descripción de la figuras Description of the figures
A continuación se describen los dibujos explicativos que se acompañan a la presente invención. 50 The explanatory drawings accompanying the present invention are described below. fifty
En la figura 1 se representa el dispositivo con lente adjunta para aumento del reflejo retiniano en pupila donde aparecen la lente tipo Fresnel (1), el marco de la lente (2), que permite sujetarla para su manipulación y agarre al instrumento optométrico, las barras extensibles (3), con una barra (4) que las conecta y un sistema para engarzar (5). Figure 1 shows the device with attached lens to increase the retinal reflex in the pupil where the Fresnel-type lens (1), the lens frame (2), which allows it to be held for handling and grip the eye instrument, extendable bars (3), with a bar (4) that connects them and a crimping system (5).
5 5
En la figura 2 se muestra el dispositivo con las barras extendidas hasta su máxima longitud. Figure 2 shows the device with the bars extended to its maximum length.
En la figura 3 aparece el dispositivo en la prueba de retinoscopía y enganchado sobre unas gafas y se puede ver una aplicación gráfica del uso del dispositivo con el 10 retinoscopio y con gafas. Se observa cómo la luz atraviesa la lente de aumento y es transmitida a la pupila. In figure 3 the device appears in the retinoscopy test and hooked on glasses and a graphical application of the use of the device with the retinoscope and with glasses can be seen. It is observed how the light passes through the magnifying lens and is transmitted to the pupil.
Modo de realización de la invención Embodiment of the invention
15 fifteen
La presente invención se ilustra mediante el siguiente ejemplo, que no pretende ser limitativo de su alcance. The present invention is illustrated by the following example, which is not intended to limit its scope.
La lente tipo Fresnel (1) se ha realizado en plástico y se acopla a un soporte para enmarcarla (2) realizado en plástico, lo que confiere rigidez al dispositivo. Las 20 dimensiones del conjunto son de 123 x 79,4 x 6 mm. The Fresnel lens (1) has been made of plastic and is attached to a support to frame it (2) made of plastic, which gives the device stiffness. The 20 dimensions of the set are 123 x 79.4 x 6 mm.
Se acopla este conjunto a un par de barras extensibles (3) del mismo material y con posibilidad de alargarlas o retraerlas. Estas barras están sujetas con tornillos al marco. Las barras tienen 27,6 mm de largo sin extender, con un primer tramo de 16 mm, y llegan 25 a 33 cm en su longitud extendida total. This set is coupled to a pair of extendable bars (3) of the same material and with the possibility of lengthening or retracting them. These bars are fastened with screws to the frame. The bars are 27.6 mm long without extending, with a first section of 16 mm, and reach 25 to 33 cm in their total extended length.
Las barras se unen con una nueva barra (4) del mismo material, con tornillos. The bars are joined with a new bar (4) of the same material, with screws.
Las dimensiones de la barra de sujeción (4) son de 38,1 x 6,3 mm y en ella se ha 30 atornillado un sistema de engarzar (5) que consiste en dos barras con pinzas donde se acopla la invención al instrumento optométrico. Estas barras tienen las dimensiones de 24,2 x 3,1 mm y las pinzas, 8,1 mm de ancho. The dimensions of the clamping bar (4) are 38.1 x 6.3 mm and a crimping system (5) consisting of two bars with clamps where the invention is coupled to the optometric instrument has been screwed. These bars have the dimensions of 24.2 x 3.1 mm and the clamps, 8.1 mm wide.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201201012A ES2454777B2 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2012-10-11 | Device and method for increased retinal reflex in pupil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201201012A ES2454777B2 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2012-10-11 | Device and method for increased retinal reflex in pupil |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2454777A1 ES2454777A1 (en) | 2014-04-11 |
| ES2454777B2 true ES2454777B2 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201201012A Active ES2454777B2 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2012-10-11 | Device and method for increased retinal reflex in pupil |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2454777B2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5202710A (en) * | 1991-09-11 | 1993-04-13 | Welch Allyn, Inc. | Fixation card attachment for retinoscope |
| US5471347A (en) * | 1993-09-22 | 1995-11-28 | Galiani; Alfred J. | Magnifying container for printed matter |
| FR2816715A1 (en) * | 2000-11-10 | 2002-05-17 | Agnes Larche Menager | Reading viewer for poorly sighted user has Fresnel lens mounted in frame attached to fixed mounting at viewing height |
| CA2794611C (en) * | 2010-04-21 | 2014-02-18 | Clinton N. Sims | Device and method for calibrating retinoscopes |
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2012
- 2012-10-11 ES ES201201012A patent/ES2454777B2/en active Active
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| ES2454777A1 (en) | 2014-04-11 |
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