ES2535151B2

ES2535151B2 - Superconducting cable support and insulation device

Info

Publication number: ES2535151B2
Application number: ES201530141A
Authority: ES
Inventors: José María Martínez-Val Peñalosa
Original assignee: Universidad Politecnica de Madrid
Current assignee: Universidad Politecnica de Madrid
Priority date: 2015-02-04
Filing date: 2015-02-04
Publication date: 2015-09-29
Anticipated expiration: 2035-02-04
Also published as: ES2535151A1

Abstract

Dispositivo de sustentación y aislamiento de cable superconductor.#El cable (2) de material superconductor está alojado en un tubo o conducción sólida (1) a cuya superficie interior está unida por sus patas una pieza longitudinal de material no superconductor, denominada pieza somier (3), que presenta una concavidad hacia arriba, que es donde se ubica el cable, que en caso de no estar bajo tensión y corriente descansa sobre dicha pieza somier, debajo de la cual y sin tener contacto directo entre ellas, se halla otra pieza independiente, asimismo longitudinal alargada, a seleccionar entre continua o discontinua, hecha de material conductor metálico de alta reflectividad a la radiación electromagnética, o de características superconductoras (4), pero que nunca se conecta a la corriente eléctrica exterior; a la cual corriente sí se conecta el cable.Superconducting cable support and insulation device. # The cable (2) of superconducting material is housed in a solid pipe or conduit (1) to whose inner surface is joined by its legs a longitudinal piece of non-superconducting material, called a bed base piece ( 3), which has an upward concavity, which is where the cable is located, which in case of not being under tension and current rests on said bed base piece, below which and without having direct contact between them, another piece is found independent, also longitudinally elongated, to be selected between continuous or discontinuous, made of metallic conductive material of high reflectivity to electromagnetic radiation, or of superconducting characteristics (4), but never connected to the external electric current; to which current the cable is connected.

Description

DISPOSITIVO DE SUSTENTACIÓN Y AISLAMIENTO DE CABLE SUPERCONDUCTOR SUPERCONDUCTOR CABLE SUSTAINATION AND INSULATION DEVICE

DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION

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SECTOR DE LA TÉCNICA SECTOR OF THE TECHNIQUE

La invención se encuadra en el campo de la Electrotecnia de la superconducción, que utiliza cables de materiales superconductores, que deben estar a temperaturas muy bajas, por debajo de su temperatura crítica; por lo cual deben estar en un fuerte aislamiento térmico, para no calentarse desde el 10 exterior. The invention falls within the field of Superconducting Electrotechnics, which uses cables of superconducting materials, which must be at very low temperatures, below their critical temperature; therefore they must be in a strong thermal insulation, so as not to heat from the outside.

PROBLEMA TÉCNICO A RESOLVER y ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN TECHNICAL PROBLEM TO BE RESOLVED AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

El problema es evitar el contacto físico entre el cable y la materia inmediatamente vecina a él. 15 The problem is to avoid physical contact between the cable and the matter immediately next to it. fifteen

Existe copiosa documentación sobre el efecto de levitación magnética, o efecto Meisner, aplicado al transporte, especialmente el ferrocarril; pero el solicitante desconoce montajes de levitación aplicados a cables. En todo caso, téngase en cuenta que el efecto Meisner es un fenómeno absolutamente inherente a la 20 superconductividad, y cabe definirlo así: en un conductor, en su interior el campo eléctrico es nulo; en un superconductor, además de ser nulo el campo eléctrico, lo es el campo magnético. Para mantener esa propiedad, un superconductor reacciona separándose de las zonas de alto campo magnético, incluso realizando un trabajo mecánico como es levantar un peso, pues siente ese 25 empuje del campo magnético como una presión de valor proporcional al cuadrado de la intensidad de dicho campo magnético. There is copious documentation on the effect of magnetic levitation, or Meisner effect, applied to transport, especially the railroad; but the applicant does not know levitation assemblies applied to cables. In any case, keep in mind that the Meisner effect is an absolutely inherent phenomenon of superconductivity, and it can be defined as follows: in a conductor, the electric field inside is zero; in a superconductor, in addition to being null the electric field, it is the magnetic field. To maintain that property, a superconductor reacts by separating from the high magnetic field areas, even performing mechanical work such as lifting a weight, because it feels that thrust of the magnetic field as a pressure of proportional value to the square of the intensity of said field magnetic.

Respecto de cables superconductores, hay varios documentos, como el US2002098985, que exponen formas de constitución interior del cable; otros que 30 tratan de las uniones entre cables, como el FR20080052541; y otros que tratan el problema de dilataciones y contracciones, al variar la temperatura, cual es el caso del documento CA2715417. With regard to superconducting cables, there are several documents, such as US2002098985, which present forms of internal constitution of the cable; others that deal with cable connections, such as FR20080052541; and others that deal with the problem of dilatation and contraction, as the temperature varies, which is the case of document CA2715417.

Ninguno de esos documentos puede considerarse, a juicio del solicitante, precedente de la invención aquí presentada. None of these documents can be considered, in the opinion of the applicant, precedent of the invention presented here.

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EXPLICACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

La invención consiste en ubicar un cable superconductor dentro de un tubo o conducción sólida a cuya superficie interior está unida por sus patas una pieza longitudinal de material no superconductor, denominada pieza somier, que presenta una concavidad hacia arriba, que es donde se ubica el cable, que en 10 caso de no estar bajo tensión y corriente descansa sobre dicha pieza somier, debajo de la cual y sin tener contacto directo entre ellas, se halla otra pieza independiente, asimismo longitudinal alargada, a seleccionar entre continua o discontinua, hecha de material conductor metálico de alta reflectividad a la radiación electromagnética, o de características superconductoras, pero que 15 nunca se conecta a la corriente eléctrica exterior; a la cual corriente sí se conecta el cable que ocupa la zona central del tubo o conducción. The invention consists in locating a superconducting cable within a solid pipe or conduit to whose inner surface a longitudinal piece of non-superconducting material, called a bed base piece, is attached by its legs, which has an upward concavity, which is where the cable is located , that in case of not being under tension and current rests on said bed base piece, below which and without having direct contact between them, there is another independent piece, also longitudinally elongated, to be selected between continuous or discontinuous, made of material metallic conductor of high reflectivity to electromagnetic radiation, or superconducting characteristics, but never connected to the external electric current; to which current the cable that occupies the central zone of the tube or conduit is connected.

Cuando la corriente pasa por el interior del cable superconductor, genera a su alrededor un intenso campo magnético, el cual choca, electromagnéticamente 20 hablando, con la prensa electromagnética que hace, al menos parcialmente, de pared de Faraday por la que no pasan las señales electromagnéticas, por lo cual las líneas del campo magnético creado por el cable superconductor se estratifican y aprietan entre el cable superconductor y la prensa, generando una presión magnética que es proporcional a la intensidad al cuadrado del campo 25 magnético, que no puede ser sino de valor nulo en el interior del cable superconductor, lo cual hace que haya una repulsión entre la acumulación de líneas de campo entre el cable y el colchón, y el propio cable, que queda levitando en el aire, mientras pase corriente eléctrica por él. Cuando deja de pasar corriente, ese efecto de presión electromagnética, o efecto Meisner, 30 desaparece, y el cable superconductor baja a reposar sobre el somier, que nunca está en contacto con la prensa eléctrica. When the current passes through the interior of the superconducting cable, it generates around it an intense magnetic field, which collides, electromagnetically speaking, with the electromagnetic press that makes, at least partially, Faraday's wall through which the signals do not pass electromagnetic, whereby the magnetic field lines created by the superconducting cable are stratified and tightened between the superconducting cable and the press, generating a magnetic pressure that is proportional to the square intensity of the magnetic field 25, which can only be Null value inside the superconducting cable, which causes a repulsion between the accumulation of field lines between the cable and the mattress, and the cable itself, which remains levitating in the air, while electrical current passes through it. When current stops, that electromagnetic pressure effect, or Meisner effect, 30 disappears, and the superconducting cable comes down to rest on the bed base, which is never in contact with the electric press.

EXPLICACIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES

La figura 1 muestra la sección recta transversal del dispositivo de la invención, con el tubo externo, el cable, el somier y la prensa electromagnética. Figure 1 shows the cross-sectional section of the device of the invention, with the outer tube, the cable, the bed base and the electromagnetic press.

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Para facilitar la comprensión de la figura de la invención, y de sus modos de realización, a continuación se relacionan los elementos relevantes de la misma: In order to facilitate the understanding of the figure of the invention, and of its embodiments, the relevant elements thereof are listed below:

1. Tubo o conducción que rigidiza y da forma física al tendido del cable y canaliza el flujo de fluido refrigerante criogénico que mantiene al conjunto del dispositivo a una temperatura inferior a la temperatura crítica del 10 cable superconductor. 1. Tube or conduit that stiffens and physically shapes the cable routing and channels the flow of cryogenic refrigerant fluid that keeps the whole device at a temperature below the critical temperature of the superconducting cable.

2. Cable superconductor. 2. Superconducting cable.

3. Somier de material aislante en el que descansa el cable cuando no pasa corriente por él. 3. Insulated bed base on which the cable rests when no current flows through it.

4. Prensa o pieza pasiva de material conductor, y eventualmente 15 superconductor, que deforma el campo magnético creado por el cable, creando así una zona de alta presión magnética. 4. Press or passive piece of conductive material, and eventually superconductor, which deforms the magnetic field created by the cable, thus creating a zone of high magnetic pressure.

MODO DE REALIZACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

La invención parte de disponer de un cable superconductor (2), tal de materiales 20 tales como el diboruro de magnesio, MgB2 entre los no-metálicos, o cobre (Cu) entre los metálicos; siendo dicho cable (2) una sustancia inerte que reposa sobre el somier (3) de un material, como puede ser un polímero plástico covalente. Dicho somier puede tener forma de enrejado, o de tabla longitudinal, a lo largo del cable, con patas del mismo material que se fijan en el interior de un tubo o 25 conducción (1) cuya pared interna, pues puede tener varias capas, está hecha también de material aislante, si bien puede tener por el exterior un refuerzo metálico. The invention starts from having a superconducting cable (2), such as materials 20 such as magnesium diboride, MgB2 between nonmetals, or copper (Cu) between metallic ones; said cable (2) being an inert substance that rests on the bed base (3) of a material, such as a covalent plastic polymer. Said bed base may have the form of a lattice, or a longitudinal table, along the cable, with legs of the same material that are fixed inside a tube or conduit (1) whose internal wall, since it can have several layers, is also made of insulating material, although it may have a metallic reinforcement on the outside.

Debajo de dicho somier (3), se dispone otra pieza longitudinal (4), que se 30 denomina prensa en esta invención, hecha de material como el propio superconductor del cable, o un material de muy alta conductividad, como es el Cu; ocupando dicha prensa transversalmente una zona del tubo de conducción (1) que es superior al diámetro del cable, presentando asimismo una superficie cóncava hacia el cable; no estando dicha prensa sometida a corriente eléctrica exterior, pudiendo seleccionarse su configuración longitudinal entre continua o 5 discontinua, midiendo las discontinuidades lo que la anchura de la propia prensa electromagnética. Under said bed base (3), another longitudinal piece (4) is arranged, which is called the press in this invention, made of material such as the cable superconductor itself, or a material of very high conductivity, such as Cu; said press occupying transversely an area of the conduit tube (1) that is larger than the diameter of the cable, also presenting a concave surface towards the cable; said press not being subjected to external electric current, its longitudinal configuration being selectable between continuous or discontinuous, the discontinuities measuring the width of the electromagnetic press itself.

Una vez descrita de forma clara la invención, se hace constar que las realizaciones particulares anteriormente descritas son susceptibles de 10 modificaciones de detalle siempre que no alteren el principio fundamental y la esencia de la invención. Once the invention has been clearly described, it is noted that the particular embodiments described above are susceptible to modifications of detail provided that they do not alter the fundamental principle and essence of the invention.

Claims

1. Superconducting cable support and insulation device, characterized in that the cable of superconducting material (2) is housed in a solid pipe or conduit (1) whose inner surface is joined by its legs a longitudinal piece of non-superconducting material , called bed base piece (3), which has an upward concavity, which is where the cable is located, which in case of not being under tension and current rests on said bed base piece, below which and without having direct contact between them , there is another independent piece or 10 electromagnetic press (4), also longitudinally elongated, to be selected between continuous or discontinuous, made of metallic conductive material of high reflectivity to electromagnetic radiation, or of superconducting characteristics, but which never connects to the external electric current; to which current the cable that occupies the central zone of the tube or conduit is connected.

2. Superconducting cable support and insulation device, according to claim one, characterized in that the electromagnetic press longitudinal piece (4), made of material such as the cable superconductor 20 itself, or a material of very high conductivity, such as copper , transversely occupies an area inside the conduit tube (1) that is larger than the diameter of the cable, also presenting a concave surface towards the cable; said press not being subjected to external electric current, its longitudinal configuration being selectable between continuous or discontinuous.