ES2642617B2 - METEOROLOGICAL COAT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SENSORS - Google Patents
METEOROLOGICAL COAT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SENSORS Download PDFInfo
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- ES2642617B2 ES2642617B2 ES201730698A ES201730698A ES2642617B2 ES 2642617 B2 ES2642617 B2 ES 2642617B2 ES 201730698 A ES201730698 A ES 201730698A ES 201730698 A ES201730698 A ES 201730698A ES 2642617 B2 ES2642617 B2 ES 2642617B2
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- environmental sensors
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D11/00—Component parts of measuring arrangements not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D11/24—Housings ; Casings for instruments
- G01D11/245—Housings for sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/08—Protective devices, e.g. casings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
- E04H1/12—Small buildings or other erections for limited occupation, erected in the open air or arranged in buildings, e.g. kiosks, waiting shelters for bus stops or for filling stations, roofs for railway platforms, watchmen's huts or dressing cubicles
- E04H1/1205—Small buildings erected in the open air
- E04H1/1238—Shelters for engines, e.g. electrical meter housings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/20—Compensating for effects of temperature changes other than those to be measured, e.g. changes in ambient temperature
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
- Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
La invención se refiere a un abrigo meteorológico para sensores ambientales formado por una unidad de extracción de aire (1), que comprende una cubierta transparente (4) incorporada en una carcasa exterior (11) para alimentar a una célula fotovoltaica (5) que activa un ventilador (10), un contenedor central (2), para la ubicación de al menos un sensor (7) ambiental ubicado en un soporte (18) fijado a unos vástagos (17) que atraviesan el contenedor central (2), y un soporte exterior (3), para la fijación del sistema a un elemento externo. El sistema comprende aberturas (8, 9, 10) para la circulación de aire por el interior del abrigo meteorológico.The invention relates to a weather shelter for environmental sensors formed by an air extraction unit (1), comprising a transparent cover (4) incorporated in an outer housing (11) to feed a photovoltaic cell (5) that activates a fan (10), a central container (2), for the location of at least one environmental sensor (7) located on a support (18) fixed to rods (17) that cross the central container (2), and a external support (3), for fixing the system to an external element. The system comprises openings (8, 9, 10) for the circulation of air inside the weather shelter.
Description
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ABRIGO METEOROLOGICO PARA SENSORES AMBIENTALESMETEOROLOGICAL COAT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SENSORS
DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIONOBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invention se refiere a un abrigo meteorologico, compacto y autonomo, que optimiza la protection de los sensores ambientales ubicados en entornos exteriores urbanos.The present invention relates to a weather jacket, compact and autonomous, which optimizes the protection of environmental sensors located in urban outdoor environments.
Encuentra especial aplicacion en el ambito de la industria relacionada con la monitorizacion de variables meteorologicas y el control de la calidad del aire, y en concreto a la proteccion de los sensores que realizan dichas funciones.Find special application in the field of industry related to the monitoring of meteorological variables and the control of air quality, and in particular to the protection of the sensors that perform these functions.
PROBLEMA TECNICO A RESOLVER Y ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIONTECHNICAL PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
La proteccion de los sensores ambientales no solo es necesaria para evitar un prematuro deterioro de estos aparatos, sino tambien para mejorar su precision y evitar que se registren datos erroneos. Debe garantizarse, ademas, una correcta circulation del aire a traves de esta proteccion para evitar su sobrecalentamiento, con el fin de que las medidas registradas por los sensores sean realmente representativas del ambiente que les rodea. Por lo tanto, para poder proporcionar unas condiciones adecuadas para el registro de mediciones se deben controlar, al menos, tres parametros: la ventilation, la radiation solar, y las precipitaciones.The protection of environmental sensors is not only necessary to prevent premature deterioration of these devices, but also to improve their accuracy and prevent erroneous data from being recorded. In addition, proper air circulation through this protection must be ensured to prevent overheating, so that the measurements recorded by the sensors are truly representative of the surrounding environment. Therefore, in order to provide adequate conditions for recording measurements, at least three parameters must be controlled: ventilation, solar radiation, and precipitation.
Las garitas meteorologicas primigenias realizaban esta funcion de una forma sencilla, protegiendo los sensores en el interior de grandes recipientes de paredes opacas y ventiladas de forma natural a traves de aperturas de dimension variable, segun se describe en el documento US2652722. Este sistema, que funciona mejor cuanto mas reflectante sea su acabado exterior, ha contado con gran aceptacion en entornos rurales, donde no existen limitaciones de espacio y donde el viento favorece la ventilacion natural de su interior.The original meteorological checkpoints performed this function in a simple way, protecting the sensors inside large containers of opaque and naturally ventilated walls through openings of variable size, as described in document US2652722. This system, which works better the more reflective its exterior finish, has had great acceptance in rural environments, where there are no space limitations and where the wind favors the natural ventilation of its interior.
Sin embargo, estos sistemas pierden eficacia en entornos donde la velocidad del aire no es lo suficientemente elevada como para contrarrestar el sobrecalentamiento derivado de la radiacion solar. A esto se le anade la aleatoriedad del viento, tanto en su direction comoHowever, these systems lose efficiency in environments where the air velocity is not high enough to counteract the overheating derived from solar radiation. To this is added the randomness of the wind, both in its direction and
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intensidad, por lo que confiar a este fenomeno la fiabilidad de los registros resulta poco adecuado y, en muchos casos, cuestionable.intensity, so trust this phenomenon the reliability of the records is not adequate and, in many cases, questionable.
En este sentido, los primeros esfuerzos realizados para superar esta problematica se orientaron hacia el diseno de protecciones que, por un lado, minimizasen las necesidades de la ventilacion y, por otro, redujeran la dependencia de la ventilation respecto al viento. Estas medidas podrlan encuadrarse en las consideradas como pasivas.In this sense, the first efforts made to overcome this problem were oriented towards the design of protections that, on the one hand, minimized the needs of ventilation and, on the other, reduced the dependence of ventilation on wind. These measures could be framed in those considered passive.
En el documento US2837916A se propone un diseno en el que un sistema de lamas horizontales circulares, y dispuestas de forma troncoconica, favorecen la reflexion de la radiation solar y evitan que la radiation reflejada por otras superficies pueda acceder al interior del sistema. Mejora asl el diseno de las pantallas Stevenson, empleadas en las garitas meteorologicas tradicionales, e incrementa notablemente la precision del sistema.In US2837916A a design is proposed in which a system of circular horizontal slats, arranged in a truncated shape, favors the reflection of solar radiation and prevents radiation reflected by other surfaces from accessing the interior of the system. It improves the design of Stevenson screens, used in traditional weather checkpoints, and greatly increases the accuracy of the system.
En el documento US2900821A se describe otro importante avance al proponerse un sistema que aprovecha la menor densidad del aire caliente para forzar la ventilacion del interior del dispositivo. La ventilacion por convection se logra al exponer la parte superior del sistema a la radiacion solar y al proteger la inferior de esta, logrando una diferencia de presion significativa que sera mas intensa cuanto mayor radiacion solar exista. Ademas, para poder encauzar adecuadamente el circuito de aire, y con el fin de mejorar la durabilidad del sistema, este abandona el sistema de lamas y opta por una superficie lisa reflectante.In US2900821A another important advance is described by proposing a system that takes advantage of the lower density of hot air to force ventilation inside the device. Convection ventilation is achieved by exposing the upper part of the system to solar radiation and protecting the lower part of the system, achieving a significant pressure difference that will be more intense the greater the solar radiation exists. In addition, in order to properly channel the air circuit, and in order to improve the durability of the system, it leaves the slat system and opts for a smooth reflective surface.
Habiendose encontrado otros mecanismos para favorecer la ventilacion del interior de estos sistemas, los siguientes avances se enfocan en mejorar su envolvente. El documento US2900821A describe un dispositivo compuesto por una doble pared, reduciendo la re- emision de radiacion hacia el interior del sistema. El documento US3933037A describe un sistema de proteccion de sensores para globos meteorologicos con un encapsulado cillndrico de doble pared, trasladando la filosofla del primero a un diseno mas universal.Having found other mechanisms to favor the ventilation of the interior of these systems, the following advances focus on improving their envelope. Document US2900821A describes a device composed of a double wall, reducing the emission of radiation into the system. Document US3933037A describes a sensor protection system for meteorological balloons with a double wall cylindrical encapsulation, transferring the first philosopher to a more universal design.
El documento GB2175693 implementa un gran avance en el sector al incorporar a la proteccion de sensores la ventilacion mecanica, pasandose a trabajar con sistemas de protection activa. En este caso un ventilador alimentado por energla electrica fuerza la ventilacion del sistema, permitiendo ajustar el flujo del aire a las necesidades especlficas de los sensores. Incorpora, ademas, diversas mejoras propuestas por sus antecesores, comoDocument GB2175693 implements a breakthrough in the sector by incorporating mechanical ventilation into sensor protection, moving to work with active protection systems. In this case, a fan powered by electric energy forces the ventilation of the system, allowing the air flow to be adjusted to the specific needs of the sensors. It also incorporates various improvements proposed by its predecessors, such as
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una cubierta con voladizo para proteger de la lluvia y reducir el impacto de la radiacion solar, o una doble pared para reducir la re-emision de energia al interior.a cantilever cover to protect from the rain and reduce the impact of solar radiation, or a double wall to reduce the re-emission of energy into the interior.
Incorporar un ventilador electrico supone una mejora considerable en cuanto a la precision del sistema, pero tambien implica una dependencia continua respecto a la red de suministro electrica, y por ello su ubicacion se ve condicionada a la proximidad a dicha red. El desarrollo de las energias alternativas, y en concreto de la tecnologia fotovoltaica, ha permitido que se sustituya el suministro electrico desde la red electrica convencional por otras fuentes alternativas. En este sentido, el documento US6247360B1 divulga un sistema que incorpora una celula fotovoltaica inclinada y una bateria que acumula energia. Este dispositivo recupera las lamas horizontales para reducir el efecto de la radiacion solar reflejada. El documento CN102200590 lo utiliza como base para describir un dispositivo en el que se mejora la conduction del aire hacia su interior.Incorporating an electric fan represents a considerable improvement in the accuracy of the system, but it also implies a continuous dependence on the electricity supply network, and therefore its location is conditioned to the proximity to said network. The development of alternative energies, and specifically of photovoltaic technology, has allowed the electricity supply from the conventional electricity grid to be replaced by other alternative sources. In this sense, document US6247360B1 discloses a system that incorporates an inclined photovoltaic cell and a battery that accumulates energy. This device recovers horizontal slats to reduce the effect of reflected solar radiation. The document CN102200590 uses it as a base to describe a device in which the conduction of the air towards its interior is improved.
Estos ultimos avances, orientados hacia la autonomia y eficiencia del sistema, se encuentran con una importante limitation cuando se ubican en entornos urbanos. Por un lado, el regimen turbulento de las rachas de viento y la predominancia de calmas descartan el empleo de cualquier elemento pasivo. Por otro lado, la presencia de obstaculos tales como la edification, la vegetation, o el mobiliario urbano, hacen muy complicada la tarea de orientar adecuadamente el panel fotovoltaico, siendo en muchos casos imposible captar radiacion solar directa o procediendo esta de angulos opuestos. Por ultimo, emplear la red electrica convencional tampoco resulta lo mas apropiado, pues hacerlo requiere de una instalacion mas compleja y va en contra de la autonomia del sistema.These latest advances, oriented towards the autonomy and efficiency of the system, are faced with an important limitation when they are located in urban environments. On the one hand, the turbulent regime of wind gusts and the predominance of calm discard the use of any passive element. On the other hand, the presence of obstacles such as building, vegetation, or urban furniture, make the task of properly orienting the photovoltaic panel very complicated, being in many cases impossible to capture direct solar radiation or proceeding from opposite angles. Finally, using the conventional electrical network is not the most appropriate, since doing so requires a more complex installation and goes against the autonomy of the system.
En este contexto, y dado el creciente interes por conocer la realidad ambiental de los entornos urbanos, resulta de interes desarrollar un sistema de protection autonomo y compacto para sensores ambientales, que sea operativo en condiciones de baja intensidad de viento, y con capacidad para alimentarse de la radiacion solar, independientemente de que esta sea directa o reflejada o de su angulo de incidencia.In this context, and given the growing interest in knowing the environmental reality of urban environments, it is of interest to develop an autonomous and compact protection system for environmental sensors, which is operational in low wind conditions, and with the ability to feed of solar radiation, regardless of whether it is direct or reflected or its angle of incidence.
DESCRIPCION DE LA INVENCIONDESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Con el fin de alcanzar los objetivos y evitar los inconvenientes mencionados anteriormente, la presente invention describe un abrigo meteorologico para sensores ambientales que comprende, como partes principales, una unidad de extraction de aire, cuya carcasaIn order to achieve the objectives and avoid the aforementioned drawbacks, the present invention describes a weather shelter for environmental sensors comprising, as main parts, an air extraction unit, whose housing
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exterior incorpora una cubierta transparente; un contenedor central, para la ubicacion de al menos un sensor ambiental; y un soporte exterior, para la fijacion del sistema a un elemento externo.exterior incorporates a transparent cover; a central container, for the location of at least one environmental sensor; and an external support, for fixing the system to an external element.
La unidad de extraccion de aire incorpora una celula fotovoltaica, para la captacion de energla solar a traves de la cubierta transparente, y un ventilador conectado a la celula fotovoltaica. Funciona a modo de cubierta del contenedor central y se fija sobre el mediante fijaciones mecanicas que son removibles sin necesidad de herramientas. Para mejorar la captacion de energla solar, la cubierta transparente puede ser una lente convergente.The air extraction unit incorporates a photovoltaic cell, for the capture of solar energy through the transparent cover, and a fan connected to the photovoltaic cell. It works as a cover of the central container and is fixed on it by means of mechanical fasteners that are removable without tools. To improve solar energy collection, the transparent cover can be a converging lens.
El ventilador, por su parte, puede trabajar a velocidad variable, en funcion de la energla solar captada por la celula fotovoltaica. Ademas, puede estar conectado a la celula fotovoltaica mediante una baterla recargable. De esta forma, la baterla puede activar el ventilador cuando la energla captada por la celula fotovoltaica es menor de un valor predeterminado.The fan, for its part, can work at a variable speed, depending on the solar energy captured by the photovoltaic cell. In addition, it can be connected to the photovoltaic cell by a rechargeable battery. In this way, the battery can activate the fan when the energy captured by the photovoltaic cell is less than a predetermined value.
En cualquier caso, el sistema puede estar conectado a una fuente de energla externa, como puede ser la red electrica general, para suministro auxiliar.In any case, the system can be connected to an external energy source, such as the general electrical network, for auxiliary supply.
Por su parte, el contenedor central comprende unos vastagos que sujetan a un soporte donde estan fijados los sensores ambientales, de forma que se encuentren aislados. Ademas, esta configurado en forma de cuerpo hueco troncoconico que comprende una carcasa exterior con un ala perimetral en uno de los extremos para la fijacion de la unidad de extraccion de aire, una capa intermedia de aislamiento de baja conductividad y una capa interna de aislamiento reflexivo.For its part, the central container comprises some rods that hold a support where the environmental sensors are fixed, so that they are isolated. In addition, it is configured in the form of a hollow truncated conical body comprising an outer shell with a perimeter wing at one end for the fixation of the air extraction unit, an intermediate layer of low conductivity insulation and an inner layer of reflective insulation .
El sistema puede incorporar un unico sensor o varios, en funcion de las necesidades.The system can incorporate a single sensor or several, depending on the needs.
Los brazos del soporte pueden ser extensibles, de forma que sea valido para fijar sensores ambientales de diversos tamanos.The arms of the support can be extensible, so that it is valid to fix environmental sensors of various sizes.
Para crear una circulation de aire en el interior del sistema, la unidad de extraccion de aire incorpora unas primeras aberturas y el contenedor central incorpora, por un lado, unasTo create an air circulation inside the system, the air extraction unit incorporates first openings and the central container incorporates, on the one hand, some
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segundas aberturas en la zona de union con la unidad de extraction de aire y una tercera abertura en el extremo libre.second openings in the area of union with the air extraction unit and a third opening at the free end.
BREVE DESCRIPCION DE LAS FIGURASBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Para completar la description de la invention y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprension de sus caracteristicas, de acuerdo con un ejemplo preferente de realization de la misma, se acompana un conjunto de dibujos en donde, con caracter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se han representado las siguientes figuras:To complete the description of the invention and in order to help a better understanding of its characteristics, according to a preferred example of its realization, a set of drawings is attached where, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, represented the following figures:
La figura 1 representa una perspectiva isometrica del abrigo meteorologico mejorado para sensores urbanos, objeto de esta invencion, y donde se puede visualizar el volumen conjunto del sistema.Figure 1 represents an isometric perspective of the improved meteorological shelter for urban sensors, object of this invention, and where the whole volume of the system can be visualized.
La figura 2 representa una vista frontal explosionada del dispositivo, pudiendose identificar las tres partes elementales que conforman el conjunto de la invencion.Figure 2 represents an exploded front view of the device, being able to identify the three elementary parts that make up the whole of the invention.
La figura 3a representa una vista frontal del dispositivo, donde se hace referencia a los distintos elementos que lo componen.Figure 3a represents a front view of the device, where reference is made to the different elements that compose it.
La figura 3b representa una vista en planta del dispositivo, donde se hace referencia a los distintos elementos que lo componen.Figure 3b represents a plan view of the device, where reference is made to the different elements that compose it.
La figura 4a representa una section frontal del dispositivo, identificandose los elementos que lo componen.Figure 4a represents a front section of the device, identifying the elements that compose it.
La figura 4b representa una seccion en planta del dispositivo, identificandose en cada una de ellas los elementos y capas que lo componen.Figure 4b represents a section in plan of the device, identifying in each of them the elements and layers that compose it.
La figura 5 representa la figura 4a, indicandose los flujos de aire.Figure 5 represents Figure 4a, indicating the air flows.
A continuation se facilita un listado de las referencias empleadas en las figuras:A list of the references used in the figures is given below:
1. Unidad de extraccion de aire.1. Air extraction unit.
2. Contenedor central.2. Central container.
3. Soporte exterior.3. External support.
4. Cubierta transparente.4. Transparent cover.
5. Celula fotovoltaica.5. Photovoltaic cell.
6. Ventilador.6. Fan.
7. Sensor.7. Sensor.
8. Primeras aberturas.8. First openings.
9. Segundas aberturas.9. Second openings.
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10. Tercera abertura.10. Third opening.
11. Carcasa exterior.11. External housing.
12. Aislamiento de baja conductividad termica.12. Insulation of low thermal conductivity.
13. Aislamiento reflexivo.13. Reflective isolation.
14. Primeras fijaciones.14. First fixings.
15. Segundas fijaciones.15. Second fixings.
16. Terceras fijaciones.16. Third fixations.
17. Vastagos.17. Stems.
18. Soporte.18. Support.
DESCRIPCION DE UNA REALIZACION PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIONDESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Las figuras 1 y 2 permiten identificar las partes principales que conforman el sistema de la invencion: la unidad de extraccion de aire (1), situada en la parte superior, el contenedor central (2), donde se ubica el sensor (7) ambiental, y el soporte exterior (3), que es la parte mediante la que el sistema se fija en cualquier elemento externo. Estas tres partes del dispositivo pueden diferenciarse claramente por su funcion, y pueden ser ensambladas y reparadas de forma independiente.Figures 1 and 2 allow to identify the main parts that make up the system of the invention: the air extraction unit (1), located at the top, the central container (2), where the environmental sensor (7) is located , and the outer support (3), which is the part through which the system is fixed to any external element. These three parts of the device can be clearly distinguished by their function, and can be assembled and repaired independently.
La figura 3a muestra la union de estas tres partes (1, 2, 3) del dispositivo. Asl, unas primeras fijaciones (14) se encargan de unir la unidad de extraccion de aire (1) con el contenedor central (2). Estas primeras fijaciones (14), preferentemente, llevan a cabo una union de tipo mecanica, consistente en el acople de unas pestanas rlgidas, ubicadas en la unidad de extraccion de aire (1), en sendas muescas practicadas en el contenedor central (2). La ubicacion de las pestanas y de las muescas puede encontrarse en posicion inversa. Este tipo de union permite el desmontaje manual de las dos partes (1, 2) sin necesidad de emplear herramientas. Para evitar el desmontaje accidental, las pestanas pueden tener forma de "L”, por ejemplo, de forma que para llevar a cabo la union, sea preciso introducir las pestanas en las muescas y realizar un pequeno giro.Figure 3a shows the union of these three parts (1, 2, 3) of the device. Thus, first fixings (14) are responsible for joining the air extraction unit (1) with the central container (2). These first fixings (14), preferably, carry out a mechanical type joint, consisting of the coupling of rigid flanges, located in the air extraction unit (1), in notches made in the central container (2) . The location of the eyelashes and notches can be in the reverse position. This type of union allows the manual disassembly of the two parts (1, 2) without using tools. To avoid accidental disassembly, the flanges may have an "L" shape, for example, so that in order to carry out the joint, it is necessary to insert the flanges into the notches and make a small turn.
El soporte exterior (3) es la parte mediante la que se separa al sistema del elemento urbano al que se fija, evitando que el sobrecalentamiento de este elemento influya en las mediciones realizadas por el sensor (7).The external support (3) is the part through which the system is separated from the urban element to which it is fixed, preventing overheating of this element from influencing the measurements made by the sensor (7).
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Por otro lado, la union del soporte (3) tanto al contenedor central (2) como al elemento urbano en el que se ubica se lleva a cabo mediante unas segundas fijaciones (15) que, preferentemente, tambien son mecanicas formadas, por ejemplo, por tornillos o pernos con arandelas y tuercas.On the other hand, the union of the support (3) to both the central container (2) and the urban element in which it is located is carried out by means of second fixings (15) that, preferably, are also mechanics formed, for example, by screws or bolts with washers and nuts.
En cualquier caso, estas segundas fijaciones (15) pueden consistir en abrazaderas, tornillerla, clavos o similares, sin que esta prevision suponga una limitation al uso de otros elementos de union.In any case, these second fixings (15) may consist of clamps, screw, nails or the like, without this provision being a limitation to the use of other joining elements.
Por otro lado, las figuras 4a y 4b permiten identificar los distintos elementos que componen las partes principales (1, 2, 3) del sistema de la invention. Una carcasa exterior (11), presente en dos de las partes principales (1, 2, 3), estructura y protege al conjunto de la invencion. Esta carcasa exterior (11) tiene un elevado coeficiente de reflexion y es opaca, impidiendo que la radiation solar penetre hacia el interior del sistema.On the other hand, Figures 4a and 4b allow identifying the different elements that make up the main parts (1, 2, 3) of the system of the invention. An outer shell (11), present in two of the main parts (1, 2, 3), structures and protects the whole of the invention. This outer shell (11) has a high reflection coefficient and is opaque, preventing solar radiation from penetrating into the system.
La unidad de extraction de aire (1) proporciona una protection activa al sistema, garantizando una ventilation suficiente del interior del contenedor para evitar su sobrecalentamiento. Para ello, la unidad de extraccion (1) incorpora una cubierta transparente (4) montada directamente sobre una parte superior conformada por una carcasa exterior (11), de forma que permite la entrada de radiacion solar para activar una celula fotovoltaica (5) ubicada sobre el chasis interior de la unidad de extraccion de aire (1). En una forma de realization, la cubierta transparente (4) es una lente convergente y, gracias a las propiedades opticas de esta lente, la luz se concentra en la celula fotovoltaica (5). Sobre este mismo chasis y conectada directamente a la celula fotovoltaica (5) se encuentra un ventilador (6), el cual se alimenta de la energla electrica proporcionada por la celula fotovoltaica (5). Una forma de realizacion alternativa incorpora una baterla, situada entre la celula fotovoltaica (5) y el ventilador (6), con la mision de almacenar el excedente de energla captada por la celula fotovoltaica (5), y con el fin de extender el uso del ventilador (6) al horario nocturno.The air extraction unit (1) provides active protection to the system, ensuring sufficient ventilation inside the container to prevent overheating. For this, the extraction unit (1) incorporates a transparent cover (4) mounted directly on an upper part formed by an outer casing (11), so that it allows the entry of solar radiation to activate a photovoltaic cell (5) located on the inner chassis of the air extraction unit (1). In one form of realization, the transparent cover (4) is a converging lens and, thanks to the optical properties of this lens, the light is concentrated in the photovoltaic cell (5). On this same chassis and connected directly to the photovoltaic cell (5) is a fan (6), which is fed by the electric energy provided by the photovoltaic cell (5). An alternative embodiment incorporates a battery, located between the photovoltaic cell (5) and the fan (6), with the mission of storing the excess energy captured by the photovoltaic cell (5), and in order to extend the use from fan (6) to night time.
Esta parte superior de la unidad de extraccion de aire (1) se fija a una parte inferior, conformada tambien por una carcasa exterior (11) mediante unas terceras fijaciones (16). La razon de que la unidad de extraccion de aire (1) no este implementada en una unica pieza es que entre la parte superior y la parte inferior existen unas primeras aberturas (8) por lasThis upper part of the air extraction unit (1) is fixed to a lower part, also formed by an outer casing (11) by means of third fasteners (16). The reason that the air extraction unit (1) is not implemented in a single piece is that between the top and bottom there are first openings (8) by the
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que puede circular el aire dirigido por el ventilador (6), creando una ventilacion activa del sistema.that the air directed by the fan (6) can circulate, creating an active ventilation of the system.
El contendor central (2) proporciona una protection pasiva al sistema, potenciando el aislamiento de las paredes exteriores, mejorando la proteccion frente a la radiation solar. Esta proteccion se compone de tres capas: la propia carcasa exterior (11) reflectante, un aislamiento de baja conductividad termica (12), variable en espesor en funcion del clima, y un aislamiento reflexivo (13), cuyo cometido es reflejar la radiacion que ha atravesado al aislamiento (12) hacia el interior. Las dos capas de aislamiento (12, 13) se encuentran adheridas entre si mediante un adhesivo qulmico, mientras que la union de estas dos a la carcasa exterior (11) no precisa de ningun elemento gracias a su forma troncoconica, que permite una fijacion mecanica por rozamiento. La carcasa exterior (11) se extiende a modo de ala perimetral que termina en un reborde que contiene las muescas en las que se fija la unidad de extraction de aire (1). El ala perimetral incorpora unas segundas aberturas (9) para la circulation del aire del interior del sistema, provocando una ventilacion pasiva del sistema.The central container (2) provides passive protection to the system, enhancing the insulation of the outer walls, improving protection against solar radiation. This protection consists of three layers: the reflective outer shell (11) itself, a low thermal conductivity insulation (12), variable in thickness depending on the weather, and a reflective insulation (13), whose purpose is to reflect the radiation that has passed through the insulation (12) inwards. The two layers of insulation (12, 13) are adhered to each other by means of a chemical adhesive, while the union of these two to the outer shell (11) does not require any element thanks to its conical trunk shape, which allows a mechanical fixation by friction. The outer shell (11) extends as a perimeter wing that ends in a flange containing the notches in which the air extraction unit (1) is fixed. The perimeter wing incorporates second openings (9) for the circulation of air inside the system, causing passive ventilation of the system.
En el interior del contenedor central (2) se situa el sensor (7), para lo que se ha provisto al sistema de una serie de elementos para su sujecion. La figura 4b muestra unos vastagosInside the central container (2) the sensor (7) is located, for which the system has been provided with a series of elements for its fastening. Figure 4b shows some stems
(17) que mantienen suspendido al sensor (7) en el centro del contendor central (2). Cada uno de los vastagos (17) atraviesa al contenedor central (2) por dos puntos, quedando fijado a el mediante fijaciones mecanicas. La fijacion del sensor (7) se realiza mediante un soporte(17) that keep the sensor (7) suspended in the center of the central container (2). Each of the rods (17) crosses the central container (2) by two points, being fixed to it by mechanical fixations. The sensor fixation (7) is carried out by means of a support
(18) que se fija a los vastagos (17). Ademas, para permitir que cualquier sensor (7) pueda ser empleado en este sistema, el soporte (18) incorpora brazos extensibles.(18) that is fixed to the stems (17). In addition, to allow any sensor (7) to be used in this system, the support (18) incorporates extendable arms.
El contenedor central (2) incorpora una tercera abertura (10) por la zona mas inferior. Esta tercera abertura (10) permite la entrada de aire para crear una circulacion que se cierra por las primeras aberturas (8) y por las segundas aberturas (9).The central container (2) incorporates a third opening (10) through the lower part. This third opening (10) allows the entry of air to create a circulation that closes through the first openings (8) and through the second openings (9).
Conviene senalar que, para aumentar la ligereza del sistema y su durabilidad en ambientes exteriores, tanto la carcasa exterior (11) como el chasis interior se conciben en un material termoplastico, como polipropileno o similar. Por otro lado, todas las fijaciones mecanicas y elementos de tornillerla se conciben conjuntamente con elementos autoblocantes que impiden que puedan liberarse. No obstante, debe entenderse que los diversos elementosIt should be noted that, in order to increase the lightness of the system and its durability in outdoor environments, both the outer casing (11) and the inner chassis are conceived in a thermoplastic material, such as polypropylene or the like. On the other hand, all mechanical fasteners and screwdriver elements are conceived together with self-locking elements that prevent them from being released. However, it should be understood that the various elements
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aqul descritos pueden fabricarse de diferentes formas y empleando variados materiales, sin que esto repercuta en la utilidad o eficacia de la invention.Here described can be manufactured in different ways and using various materials, without this having an impact on the utility or efficacy of the invention.
El soporte exterior (3) proporciona al sistema, ademas, una leve inclination que facilita la limpieza por agua de lluvia, evitando que la cubierta transparente (4) acumule suciedad y pueda reducir la eficiencia del sistema.The external support (3) also provides the system with a slight inclination that facilitates cleaning by rainwater, preventing the transparent cover (4) from accumulating dirt and reducing the efficiency of the system.
De esta forma, el sistema de la invencion cuenta con las siguientes ventajas:In this way, the system of the invention has the following advantages:
1. El sistema es autonomo y no requiere acceso a un cuadro electrico o caja de registro para su instalacion, lo que reduce tiempos de instalacion y mantenimiento, ademas de costes electricos.1. The system is autonomous and does not require access to an electrical panel or registration box for its installation, which reduces installation and maintenance times, in addition to electrical costs.
2. El sistema mejora la captation de energla solar, mediante el posicionamiento de la celula fotovoltaica (5) en la parte superior del sistema, en position horizontal y protegida del exterior mediante una cubierta transparente en forma de lente convergente que tiende a concentrar en la celula fotovoltaica (5) la radiation solar incidente, ya sea directa o reflejada e independientemente de su procedencia, facilitando que el sistema de ventilacion se active, optimizando el funcionamiento del proceso de extraccion y aumentando la precision de los registros de los sensores.2. The system improves solar energy captation, by positioning the photovoltaic cell (5) in the upper part of the system, in a horizontal position and protected from the outside by means of a transparent cover in the form of a converging lens that tends to concentrate on the photovoltaic cell (5) the incident solar radiation, either directly or reflected and regardless of its origin, facilitating the ventilation system to be activated, optimizing the operation of the extraction process and increasing the accuracy of the sensor records.
3. El sistema integra en una sola pieza todo el mecanismo de ventilation, reduciendo sus dimensiones y compactandolo de forma que es resistente a golpes y a las inclemencias meteorologicas, por lo que requiere de muy poco mantenimiento y facilita su instalacion.3. The system integrates the entire ventilation mechanism in one piece, reducing its dimensions and compacting it in a way that is resistant to shocks and weather conditions, so it requires very little maintenance and facilitates its installation.
En definitiva, la presente invencion no debe verse limitada a la forma de realization aqul descrita. Otras configuraciones pueden ser realizadas por los expertos en la materia a la vista de la presente description. En consecuencia, el ambito de la invencion queda definido por las siguientes reivindicaciones.In short, the present invention should not be limited to the embodiment described here. Other configurations may be made by those skilled in the art in view of the present description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined by the following claims.
Claims (7)
4.- Abrigo meteorologico para sensores ambientales, segun cualquiera de las
4.- Weather coat for environmental sensors, according to any of the
5 5.- Abrigo meteorologico para sensores ambientales, segun cualquiera de las
5 5.- Weather coat for environmental sensors, according to any of the
6. - Abrigo meteorologico para sensores ambientales, segun la reivindicacion 5,
6. - Weather coat for environmental sensors, according to claim 5,
7. - Abrigo meteorologico para sensores ambientales, segun la reivindicacion 1,
7. - Weather coat for environmental sensors, according to claim 1,
8. - Abrigo meteorologico para sensores ambientales, segun la reivindicacion 1,
8. - Weather coat for environmental sensors, according to claim 1,
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201730698A ES2642617B2 (en) | 2017-05-16 | 2017-05-16 | METEOROLOGICAL COAT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SENSORS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201730698A ES2642617B2 (en) | 2017-05-16 | 2017-05-16 | METEOROLOGICAL COAT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SENSORS |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| ES2642617A1 ES2642617A1 (en) | 2017-11-17 |
| ES2642617B2 true ES2642617B2 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
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| ES201730698A Expired - Fee Related ES2642617B2 (en) | 2017-05-16 | 2017-05-16 | METEOROLOGICAL COAT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SENSORS |
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Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2175693B (en) * | 1985-05-30 | 1988-11-23 | Secr Defence | Air temperature instrument |
| JPH09288012A (en) * | 1996-04-23 | 1997-11-04 | Nippon Giken:Kk | Vacuum shielding-type air temperature meter |
| US6247360B1 (en) * | 1999-05-27 | 2001-06-19 | Davis Instruments | Aspirated radiation shield for weather sensor |
| CN102636207B (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2015-06-10 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Long-term monitoring auxiliary system suitable for perennial frozen areas in plateau |
| JP6156792B2 (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2017-07-05 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | measuring device |
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