ES2947733B2 - WOOD JOINT - Google Patents

Description

DESCRIPTION

WOOD JOINT

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention corresponds to a joint for wood that allows two pieces to be joined in a simple, resistant way and without requiring metallic elements such as nails or screws that affect the life of the joint.

STATE OF THE PRIOR ART

It is necessary to abandon concrete and steel and replace it with ecological construction materials, highlighting wood above the rest. To achieve this, a structural system must be achieved that promotes the use of wood as a structural element, since it is an agent that reduces environmental impact and is capable of storing inside one ton of CO ₂ for every cubic meter of wood. .

In the state of the art, various ways of making joints between pieces of wood are known. First, you can insert a metal part, nail or screw, which fixes both pieces. However, these types of parts generate stress on the wood and can end up breaking it. That is why the next way involves using two metal elements, which are coupled together so as not to affect the wooden pieces. A third option is to use wooden studs that are inserted into holes in both pieces.

Fixation by means of adhesives is also known, as in WO2016024039 or by the generation of teeth in both pieces that mesh, as in EP2894271 or GB1478295. These solutions are considered to be the closest state of the art.

Each of these fixings offers its own advantages, but does not reach the strength of the invention.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

The invention is a joint for wood according to the independent claim. Its variants are defined in the other claims and are described in the rest of the specification.

It allows the joining of wooden pieces, preferably wooden beams and pillars and wooden crosses or joists between the beams, so that the union occurs without using metal reinforcing elements. Thus, it achieves high resistance without affecting the useful life of the wood.

The union allows for a quick, resistant union that reduces manufacturing time and eliminates the use of steel in wooden constructions, achieving a dry assembly of parts. Tests of this type of joints have been carried out, using "H" pieces with a joint at each end of the horizontal bar. This system can replace the current structural systems of wood and steel with a dry wood assembly structural system. .

To do this, the wooden joint joins two pieces: a first piece with a box and a second piece with a recess. The box or emptying has a first part of greater width and a second part of decreasing width. The starter has a conjugate shape to the second part of the box. In this way, the starter can be placed inside the box when entering, at least partially, through the first part. Furthermore, the walls of the second part and the recess have complementary teeth. These teeth will be on the walls that contact in use in order to engage.

Preferably the teeth are sinusoidal to reduce the risk of breakage or wear. They can also be trapezoidal.

The weight of the pieces can keep the joint in the correct position, but it is preferable to have a block or stop in the first part of the box to prevent the return movement of the recess. The plug can be arranged in various ways. For example, through an ad hoc hole; arranging the recess on one edge of the second piece, so that the first part is accessible... This stop may or may not be flush with the first piece. For example, it may have a handle to make the joint easily removable.

If the contact surface is large enough, strength can be increased by having each part have a box and a recess in opposite orientation. Thus it is possible to introduce both starters into the respective boxes in a single movement. The box and the recess of each piece may or may not be aligned (coincident symmetry axis). When they are not aligned, the resistance to torsion increases. Likewise, it is convenient that the second part of the box has an axis of symmetry to balance forces.

When aligned, it is preferable that the recess be adjacent to the first part of the box. This simplifies the locking of the pieces when placing the stop, since only one is necessary. This stop requires an entry hole.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description, where, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, the following has been represented. following:

Figure 1.- Shows an axonometric view of the device of the invention in its placement in a 90° joint: (A) presentation; (B) insertion of the starter in the first part of the box; (C) insertion of the recess into the second part of the box; (D) placement of the stop or block.

Figure 2.- Shows an axonometric view of the device of the invention in its placement in a coaxial joint: (A) presentation; (B) insertion of both starters in the first part of the corresponding boxes; (C) insertion of the starters in the second part of the boxes; (D) placement of the stop.

Figure 3.- Side view of an example of a strawberry.

Figure 4.- Front view of an example of a box.

DETAILED EXPOSITION OF IMPLEMENTATION MODES

A series of ways of carrying out the invention are described below, as descriptive examples but which do not seek to limit the invention.

The figures show several ways to join two pieces (1,2) of wood. As can be seen, the connection can be angled or coaxial.

The figures show a first piece (1) with a box (3) or female part and a second piece (2) with a recess (4) or male part, configured to be inserted and fixed in the box (3). The box (3) has two main parts, a first part (5) of greater width, and a second part (6) of decreasing width as it moves away from the first part (5). In the figures, the first part (5) is approximately rectangular and the second part (6) is trapezoidal, symmetrical.

For its part, the recess (4) has a conjugate shape to the second part (6), so that it can rest on it along the entire wall of the second part (6). Therefore, it is preferably trapezoidal. This wall of the second part (6) has a series of first teeth (7) that can be triangular, square, trapezoidal... but are preferably sinusoidal, that is, curved. The first teeth (7) correspond to second teeth (8) on the corresponding wall of the recess (4). Thus, when the recess (4) rests on the second part (6), the teeth (7,8) mesh with each other to increase the resistance of that joint.

The first teeth (7) can be made with a milling cutter like the one shown in Figure 3. It comprises a central shank and a series of radial projections that create the valleys between the first teeth (7).

As can be seen in the figures, the joining of the pieces (1,2) is carried out by placing the recess (4) facing the first part (5) of the box (3) and moving the recess downwards, towards the second part (6). Thus the teeth (7,8) mesh and it is not possible to extract the recess (4) from the box (3) except upwards. Once the recess (4) has been placed in the second part (6), a stop (9) or plug can be placed in the first part (5) so that it prevents the return movement. Preferably the situation of the incoming (4) In the second piece (2) it is flush with a surface so that the stop (9) can be easily located. It is also possible to enter it through a hole (10) or make a recess in the second piece (2).

This implies that the joint is optimized to resist forces in the direction of the first part (5) towards the second part (6). Therefore, that direction is especially intended to be the one corresponding to gravity. That is, the first piece (1) would correspond to a column and would have the box (3) on one side, for connection with a beam or similar with an indentation (4) at its end (figure 1). However, the stop (9) ensures resistance in any direction.

Figure 1 shows a way of joining pieces (1,2) at an angle, where the box (3) is on one side of the first piece (1) and the recess (4) at one end of the second piece ( 2).

Figure 2 shows a way to join the pieces (1,2) with a small angle or even coaxially. It is applicable to any case with a large contact surface between the pieces (1,2). In this case it can be seen that each piece (1,2) has a recess (4) and a box (3) in opposite directions. The corresponding first parts (5) face each other in the final assembly position. In this figure, a hole (10) is defined in one or both pieces (1,2). This hole (10) is aligned with both first parts (5) in the final position. Through this hole (10) the stop (9) is introduced towards the first part (5). In this case, the stop (9) is longer to also plug this hole (10).

It can be seen that, in the mounting position, both recesses (4) will be aligned to ensure that the forces are transmitted without moments. This is achieved, as shown in the figure, by defining steps on the contact surface of both pieces (1,2) so that the box (3) and the recess (4) of each piece (1,2) are aligned.

Thus, any structure made of wood or similar material remains perfectly united and resistant. For example, it can be a wooden structure for a building.

Claims (1)

1- Joint for wood, joining two pieces (1,2), having a first piece (1) a box (3) and the second piece (2) a recess (3), characterized in that The box (3) has a first part (5) of greater width than the second part and a second part (6) of decreasing width; the recess (4) has a conjugate shape to the second part (6) of the box (3); and the walls of the second part (6) and the recess (4) have complementary teeth (7,8). 2- Joint for wood, according to claim 1, characterized in that the teeth (7,8) are sinusoidal. 3- Wood joint, according to claim 1, characterized in that each piece (1,2) has a box (3) and a recess (4) in opposite orientation. 4- Joint for wood, according to claim 3, characterized in that the box (3) and the recess (4) of each piece (3,4) are aligned. 5- Joint for wood, according to claim 3, characterized in that the recess (4) is adjacent to the first part (5) of the box (3). 6- Joint for wood, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a stop (9) insertable in the first part (5) after placing the recess (4). 7- Joint for wood, according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises a hole (10) for inserting the stop (9). 8- Joint for wood, according to claim 6, characterized in that the recess (4) is aligned with a surface of the second piece (2). 9- Joint for wood, according to claim 1, characterized in that the second part (6) has an axis of symmetry.