FI122863B - Lattice mast - Google Patents

Description

Lattice mast

The present invention relates to a grid-shaped mast having a lower part communicating with a base and having a pedal or polygonal cross-section in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the pedal, and which is formed of two or more modules arranged one above the other.

Lattice masts are known in the art and are used in particular as masts for wind turbines or base stations. Lattice masts are typically of tubular construction, i.e., the mast part, or module, is formed by vertical tubes placed at each corner (three or four) with their lugs connected by lattice tubular joints, welded or screwed to the vertical tubes, the tall lattice masts, as well as the traditional masts, extend downward in the longitudinal direction from the lower region. Masts with such a structure are manufactured by Rautaruukki, a Finnish company. Another example is the Swedish Wibe, which manufactures lattice masts whose link arms are connected to vertical pipes by nut-screw connections.

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An application of the so-called "mast" of a wind turbine of triangular cross-section per se known in the prior art is disclosed in Applicant's Finnish Patent Application 20X05751. In it, the mast is attached to a seabed cv or anchored pedestal base structure of 25 ° shown in patent application 20105751. Such a tile-like lattice mast is lighter than conventional tubular masts because it can be imported from tubing

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In lighter and lighter parts (e.g., elements that can be overlapped) the site.

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§ 30 c3 The disadvantage of such lattice masts is, firstly, that the strength of the lattice mast is determined by the strength of the vertical cams and link arms (in other words material and material thickness). Thus, different applications (such as windmill masts and base stations) need to be designed and manufactured with different strengths, which in turn increases the number of different parts. Another problem arises when joining tubular parts where welding is required. The weld seams increase the risk of weak points in the basic structure of the tubular as well as the lattice elements made of flat elements. For example, lattice masts sold under the Wibe brand are formed by connecting the link arms to the ends with welded brackets to the studs welded to the vertical tubes with a screw-nut connection.

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All prior art masts are designed in such a way that they are either assembled horizontally and then lifted upright by special equipment, or assembled, for example, from bottom to top of elements placed on top of each other.

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It is an object of the present invention to provide a lattice structure which substantially avoids the aforementioned disadvantages. Thus, it is an object to provide a mast which is easily adaptable in strength to a variety of applications and applications. It is also an object to provide a mast whose basic structure does not include weld seams and which allows the mast to be assembled in a new way which substantially avoids the aforementioned difficult assembly steps. The above object is achieved in accordance with the present invention by a characterized in that the module is formed by means of mechanical fastening means for detaching it from "fixed plate-like module" elements, which include at least: placed at each corner of the module, the outer edges of which form the corners of the module over the entire longitudinal length of the module, and whose

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§ 30 the inner edges extend along the center of the module; two pivoting plates joined to both sides of the outer edges of each of the kufma plates, the inner edges of which are provided with deflection portions bent in relation to the plane defined by the corner plate in opposite directions; support plates connected in longitudinal direction of the module to the first and / or second end of each bending member, wherein the outer surfaces of the support plates of two adjacent angles pass through the same plane; elongated y-5 discs joined at both ends to respective support plates of two adjacent corners; and reinforcing elements which are adaptable to the outer edge of each corner plate and the outer edge of the pivoting plate.

With such a basic structure made of plate-like pieces, the Ris-10 grid mast allows the mast corners to be equipped with reinforcing elements, if necessary. The advantage is that the basic structure of the lattice can be formed regardless of the same (strength) basic components, and reinforced with reinforcing elements of a certain strength according to the application. moreover, such a structure allows each part of the module 15 to be easily joined to mechanical mast lifting devices to form the mast, and no welding work is required to make the parts or assemble the mast. In addition, the module elements can be brought to the mast for assembly, making the mast easy to install and install, even in difficult-to-install locations.

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Preferred embodiments of the present invention are set forth in the dependent claims.

Next, a preferred embodiment of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

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cp cj Figure IA is a side elevational view of a lattice mast according to the invention, | applicable to a wind turbine, m · I'- co g 30 Figure IB shows the lattice mast shown in Figure IA, δ

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Figure 2 is a side view of the lattice mast, 4

Figure 2A illustrates a lattice mast module from the side,

Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of one corner of the lattice mast module,

Fig. 3A schematically shows a lifting device connected to the inner edges of the corner plates;

Figures 5A-5C illustrate a pivot bar according to the invention,

Figures 6A illustrate a side plate of the invention in accordance with the invention, and connecting plates 15 attached thereto,

Fig. 6B shows the end rib according to Fig. 6A,

Figures 7A and 7B show a side plate and an end plate 20, respectively

Figures 8A and 8B show a cross-section of two overlapping support plates on a top and a side, cv Figure 9A shows a reinforcement element according to the invention from the side, <m 25 9 Figure 98 shows a cross-section cv of the reinforcement element according to the invention;

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Fig. 10a shows a wire rope fastening element according to the invention

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g 30 on top, and δ cv 5

Figure 10b is a side view of the wire rope shown in Figure 10a according to the invention.

Thus, Figure 1 is a general view of a cross-compartment according to the present invention. The lattice mast 3 is designated by reference numeral 3 (3 ') · Here, the lattice mast 3 according to the invention is adapted to an offshore wind farm designated by reference numeral 1,

The wind turbine 1 includes a center portion 2a whose rotation about blades or vanes 2b is arranged about a substantially horizontal axis 10. The center part 2a and the wind turbine 1 are provided with means known per se for taking the art (including the generator) and further transferring the energy obtained from the rotation of the blades 10b, so these means are not described further. The upper end of the mast 3 is connected to the lower surface of the center portion 2a and extends vertically or substantially vertically below the water surface (sea level) w in relation to the base. The pedestal 4 is denoted herein by reference numeral 4 and rests on its underside to the seabed B. The pedestal 4 here consists of four ball cap pressures 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d. The locations of these with respect to each other are arranged in their desired positions by means of connecting rods 5, 5 and 7 of different lengths. In the embodiment of Figures IA and 20BB, seen from above, the centers of the three bisector bodies 4b, 4c and 4d are located at substantially the ends of a triangle. Further, in the center of the imaginary equilateral triangle is a fourth ball cap 4a, to which a grid-shaped mast 3 (3 ') of the wind turbine 1 is connected. The more detailed structure of the balloon body is described in more detail in Applicant's earlier patent application FI 20105751, so it is not further disclosed herein. Various stand variants have been disclosed in applicant's prior application cv FI 20105751, which may also be applied within the scope of the present invention.

For example, the Lelie extending arm shown in Figure 13 of that application may be formed in accordance with the present invention.

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§ 30 with mast structure.

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The mast 3 is preferably triangular in cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the mast 3 is provided with horse ropes 41 which are connected at their lower ends to the connecting parts 40 provided on the ball bodies 4b, 4c, 4d.

It should be noted that the mast according to the invention is also suitable for erection on the ground, whereby, for example, sensors or similar platforms molded into the ground can be used as a base, to which in addition to the mast can be attached wire ropes at its lower end. The attachment of the top end of the wire cable 41 (the wire cables) to the mast 3, 3 'is shown below.

2, 2A and 3. Fig. 2 shows a partial enlargement of Fig. 15A, one module 300 taken in Fig. 2, and Fig. 3 shows a partial top view of a module 300 of a lattice mast 3. The second module 300 in Fig. 2A is shown by dashed lines as an example of how the modules 300 are superimposed relative to each other The lower part 3r of the mast 3 is preferably a separate part 3 'of the mast, a so-called mast shoe 3'. A pivoting, hinging 301 or the like may be provided between 3f and the actual mast 3. The mast 3 may be pivoted horizontally or substantially horizontally near the surface of the ground or water w, for example, to connect the cvj propeller 1 and hub 2 to mast 3. of the module elements 30, 31 , 32, 33, 34, 36, preferably made of conventional lattice structural mast materials such as metal, alloys and / or composite.

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The module 300 in this embodiment comprises three elongated angles 30, one embodiment of which is shown in Fig. 4. The angles 30 7 are each positioned at the corners of module 300, one of which is shown in Fig. 3 from above, the outer edges 30a forming the angles 30 along the entire length of the module, and preferably for mounting the base module 300 to other plate-like module elements. To this end, the outer edge 30a 5 is provided with apertures 30a 'for securing other module elements by mechanical fastening means 50, such as a screw-nut 1M to the corner plate 30. Referring to FIG. 3, the inner edge 30b of the corner plates 30 extends a distance toward the center of the module 300.

Each of the corner plates 30 is provided with pivot plates 31 by the aforementioned mechanical coupling means 50. A preferred embodiment of the individual pivot plate 31 is shown in Figures 5A-5C. The pivoting plates 31 are connected at their outer edges 31a to both sides of the outer edges 30a of the angular plate, that is to say on opposite sides of the angular plate 30. To this end, the outer edge 31a 'of the pivot plate 31 is provided with apertures 31a' for securing the pivot plate 31 by mechanical fastening means 50, such as screw-butt jointing means, to the angle plate 30. The planar inner edges 31b provided They are in relation to the plane defined by the angular plate 30 (as well as to the outer edges 31a of the turntable 31) at an angle of bending a 20. The bending portions 31b of the opposing turntables 31 are pivoted in opposite directions to The bending angle α of the tongues is preferably selected such that the copulations of the bending portions 31b of the two pivoting plates 31b of adjacent corners 31b extend through the same or at least substantially the same plane. The carcasses 25 have an angle of 30 ° with the outer edges 31a o of the intersecting triangular mast. Correspondingly, it can be mentioned that the bending angle a is cvi 90 ° for a rectangular section, 54 ° for a section | for a pentagonal mast, 60 ° for a hexagonal mast j *, or 67.5 ° for an octagonal mast.

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g 30 S The bending members 31b are also provided with openings 5T (Fig. 5B) for joining other modular elements with mechanical fastening means. Both the corner plate 30 8 and the pivot plates 31 are elongated plates 300 mm in height. It should be noted that the height of the module 300 (the angle plate 30 and the pivot plate 31) is typically 3-6 meters, preferably 3.5-4.5 meters, and most preferably 3.8 meters, but depending on the application, may vary outside of said limits.

Supporting plates 32 are connected to the bending portions 31b of said pivoting plates 31b. A preferred embodiment of the supporting plate 32 is shown in Figures 6A and 68. Similarly, the supporting plates 32 are connected to the bending portions 32 of the mechanical coupling means 10. The locations of the openings 32 'are located in the support plates 32, which, when the support plate 32 is in place, correspond to the positions of the openings 51' formed in the bending portions 31b. In this embodiment, the support plates 32 are disposed in the region of the first and second (upper and lower) ends 15 of the bending portions 31b of each pivoting plate 31, where they form extensions of the hyphenation portions 31b The connection plates 32c are formed so that the outer surfaces 32c of adjacent angles through. The inner edge 32b of the support plates 32 is bent to increase the rigidity of the support plate 32.

The module corners of the above structure are interconnected preferably by elongated connecting plates 33 of the diagonal insert attached to the support plates 32. or two ™ 25 pieces. In the exemplary embodiment, they are two pieces (see Fig. 2A), o which are connected to the module 300 by means of mechanical bonding bars crosswise so that the lower ends 33a of the connecting plates 33 are connected by two adjacent angles | the lower support plates 32 (whose outer surfaces 32c pass through the same plane) and the upper ends 33b into the opposing support planes 32 (whose outer surfaces 32c pass through the same plane). Thus, there are three pairs of connecting plates per module, the connecting plates 33 of the connecting plate pair being transverse to each other on the side of the module.

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The intersecting connecting plates 33 are interconnected by a connecting plate 34 at the point where the connecting plates intersect. A preferred embodiment of the bonding plate 34 is shown in Figures 8A and 8B. The connecting plate 34 is a square plate formed with openings 34 'which, with the connecting plate 34 in place, are in the same position as the openings provided in the connecting plates 33 (not shown). Thus, the connecting plates 33 and the connecting plate 34 can be joined together by means of screw-nut connections through the openings, and the lattice structure is rigid.

Such a module structure made up of plate-like elements allows the module to be easily reinforced for different applications. Thus, in accordance with the invention, the mast 3, in particular the modules 300, is provided with reinforcing elements 36, a preferred embodiment of which is shown in Figures 9A and 9B. The reinforcing element 36 is in the shape of a letter U-15 or a letter U of a cross-section, so that it can be adapted to the outer edge 30a of the corner plate 30 of each corner and the outer edge 31a of the pivoting plates 31. The reinforcing element 36 is connected to these screw-nut connections by which the corner plate 30 and the pivoting plates 31 are connected to each other, for this purpose the reinforcing element 36 is also provided with apertures 36 'at the appropriate locations. The material and thickness z of reinforcing element 36, i.e., the properties that determine the strength of reinforcing element 36, can be selected according to the application. The other elements of the basic structure of the module 300 (and the mast) are always the same regardless of the application (eg sa-cvj maniacal corner plates, similar swivel plates, etc.).

Preferably, the reinforcing element 36 is formed to receive, at a selectable position in the elevation of the mast 3, the separate fastening members 37 of the tine wires 41 shown in Figs. 10A and 10B. The fastening members 37 are formed here by two spaced apart members 37c.

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§ 30 of the plate element 37a and 37b. These fastening members 37 can be attached to the mast 3 by means of the same screw-nut connecting means 50 as the reinforcing element 36. To this end, the plate-like elements 37a and 37b of the fastening arms 41 of the wire cable 41 between which the reinforcing elements 36 can be inserted are provided. '. The openings can be aligned with the openings (363) provided in the reinforcing element 36 for the screw-nut connection means 50. The fastening members 37 are also provided with brackets 37e formed by gripping members 37f, such as a locking opening, to which the cable wires 41 are fastened at their upper ends.

The mast 3, constructed of modules 300, is preferably provided with elevator means 1O0 (see Figure 3). The elevator means 100 are connected to a toothing 30b "formed at the inner edges 30b of at least one corner 10 of the mast plates 3 at an angle 10. For this purpose, the elevator means 100 are provided with lifting wheels (not shown) communicating with the drive mechanism. used for maintenance of mast 3 and wind turbine 2, for example

Instead of the elevator means, it is advantageous to connect the mast 3 in the assembly step thereof with the lifting means 100 'shown schematically in Fig. 3A. The lifting arms 100 'can be utilized in the mast assembly step 3 as follows. Fig. 3A shows a shoe 3 'supported by a block body 4a. In its vertical extension are modules 300, which thus form the actual mast 3. There is a space between the dry plates 30 of the modules 300 in which the lifting device 100 'is fitted. The lifting device 100 'includes a foot 101 which rests on the top of the block 4a. At the top of the foot 101 are provided drive means 102, 103, and lifting arms or members 104, which are actuated by drive means 102,103 ° 25. . The gear or gears 104 are arranged on an angle plate | 30 or panels 30b '(see ^ Figure 4). Figure 3A shows that the foot 101 is so formed

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30, so that the actuators 102, 103, and in particular the gearwheels 104, located at the top of the foot 101, are positioned vertically to a height 11 higher than the overall height of the shoe 3 '(if used) and one module 300.

Thus, the new structural feature of a mast made of plate-like modular elements enables the mast to be assembled from the lower end. This is done so that, taking advantage of the amazement 30b 'of the corner plates 30, the lifting device 100' lifts the finished mast portion so that the next module 300 can be assembled at the lower end of the finished mast portion as the gears 104 rotate in amazement 30b '. When mast 3 is completed, the lifting device 100 'may be disassembled for use in assembling the next second mast, and may be replaced by an elevator that rises along the astonishment 30b' of the corner plates 30. Elevator 100 may also be mounted above the mast 100 'during the mast assembly phase.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown, but may be practiced in many ways within the scope defined by the claims.

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Claims (8)

12 A lattice-shaped mast (3, 3 ') / having a base member (30 connected to a base (4) and having a transverse or polygonal cross-section in the transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and consisting of two upper members (3, 30). or a plurality of stacked modules (300), characterized in that the module (300) is formed by mechanical fastening means (50, 51) of removable plate-like module elongations (30, 31, 32, 33, 34 and 36) 10, comprising at least : - a fiberboard (30) disposed at each corner of module (300) having outer edges (30a) forming angles of module (300) to module (300) over the entire longitudinal path and having inner edges (300b) extending along the module 15 (300) ) center, - two pivoting plates (31) connected to both sides of the outer edges (30a) of each corner (30) with their inner edges (3lb) bending members bent with respect to the plane defined by the angular member 20 (30) in opposite directions to the bending angle (a), - supporting plates (32) connected in the longitudinal direction of the module (300) with the first and / or at one end w 25, whereby the outer surfaces (32c) of the two adjacent corner support plates (32) 9 pass through the same plane, CNJ - elongate connecting plates (33) connected at each end (33a, 33b) of the respective two adjacent angles. § 30 but only to the support plate (32), and δ (M 13 - reinforcing elements (36), which can be fitted to the outer edge of each corner plate and to the outer edge of the swivel plate. A mast according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner edge of the corner plate 5 is provided with means to which elevator 1D0 can be connected. A mast (3, 30) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inner edge (30b) of the corner plate (30) is provided with means (30b0) for connecting to the mast (3, 30) for lifting up the interconnected module (300) to assemble and / or insert the next module (300) into the lower end of the interconnected modules (300). Mast (3, 30, 15) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said bending dryness of the bending member can be selected from at least some of the following angles: 30 ° for a polygonal mast, 90 ° for a rectangular mast, 54 ° for a pentagonal mast ° for a mast with hexagonal section or 67.5 ° for a mast with hexagonal section. Mast (3, 30) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the material and / or thickness (z) of the reinforcing element (36) is selectable to meet the strength requirements required for the application of the mast (3, 30). <m 25 9 Mast (3, 30, ^) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the mechanical fastening means are screw-nut latching devices £ and that each module element (30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36) is provided with openings. for inserting nut-connecting lugs (50, 51) CO g 30 µl Mast (3, 30) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fastening elements (37) of the mast (3, 14 3) can be attached to the reinforcement element (36) in the longitudinal direction of the mast ¢ 3, 30. and optional number, depending on how many iia-ropes need to be used in each design solution. A mast (3, 30/7) according to claim 7, characterized in that the fastening means (37) comprise openings (370 /) which can be aligned with openings (360) arranged in the reinforcing element for passing through the screw nut connection means (50, 51), as well as the gripping members (37f) to which the end of the rope cable (41) can be attached OJ δ (M LO cp δ X cc CL h-