GB2108389A - Improvements in and relating to the rearing of livestock - Google Patents
Improvements in and relating to the rearing of livestock Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2108389A GB2108389A GB08133582A GB8133582A GB2108389A GB 2108389 A GB2108389 A GB 2108389A GB 08133582 A GB08133582 A GB 08133582A GB 8133582 A GB8133582 A GB 8133582A GB 2108389 A GB2108389 A GB 2108389A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- oil
- biocidal
- litter
- livestock
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 10
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011012 sanitization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005192 alkyl ethylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 3
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O WBIQQQGBSDOWNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- UBCKGWBNUIFUST-YHYXMXQVSA-N tetrachlorvinphos Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)O\C(=C/Cl)C1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl UBCKGWBNUIFUST-YHYXMXQVSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- VEMKTZHHVJILDY-UXHICEINSA-N bioresmethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(C)C)[C@H]1C(=O)OCC1=COC(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 VEMKTZHHVJILDY-UXHICEINSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000078703 ectoparasite Species 0.000 description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- NVLHGZIXTRYOKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2,3-dimethylbenzene Chemical class CC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1C NVLHGZIXTRYOKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000254173 Coleoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 208000035415 Reinfection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000021017 Weight Gain Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000021 irritant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002085 irritant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000622 irritating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- VEMKTZHHVJILDY-FIWHBWSRSA-N resmethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(C)C)C1C(=O)OCC1=COC(CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 VEMKTZHHVJILDY-FIWHBWSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940108410 resmethrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
- A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
- A01N41/04—Sulfonic acids; Derivatives thereof
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
A biocidal composition, suitable for the sanitization of litter upon which livestock is reared, comprising a substantially anhydrous biocidal alkyl bezene sulphonic acid dissolved in an hydrophobic oil base. The biocidal spectrum of the composition may be extended by incorporation of other biocides and/or insecticides into the composition. The invention also provides a method of sanitizing litter using the biocidal composition, and litter whenever treated with the biocidal composition.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Improvements in and relating to the rearing of livestock
This invention relates to the rearing of livestock, with particular reference to the disposable loose fibrousfloorcovering and bedding material generally referred to as litter.
The intensive rearing of livestock, involving high stocking densities, produces conditions ideal for the transmission of disease which can decimate livestock populations. Even where death does not occur, crop performance is affected in that food conversion and live weight gains, vital economic factors, are seriously reduced.
Premises for the intensive rearing of livestock, are, therefore, as a matter of course, disinfected regularly before new'stock is introduced. Unfortunately this only produces acceptable hygienic standards immediately after the disinfection process is complete. The introduction of the new stick immediately causes reinfection by viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites -- and indeed, with the warm, humid conditions within the house, favours the rapid reproduction of residual microorganisms and ectoparasites, which are a serious disease challenge to the new stock.
An object of this invention is, broadly, to provide extended protection for all types of livestock which are reared on litter -- variously from bacteria, vir- uses, fungi and ectoparasites.
Another object is to provide a litter composition having a long-lasting biocidal activity whilst being substantially non-toxic to warm-blooded livestock reared thereon.
Yet another object is to provide an effective biocidal composition suitable inter alla for the treatment of litter.
Various products have been used from time to time to treat litter with the object of controiling the bacterial contamination in the litter. None has been successful because these products have been (a) hydrophilic or water-based, inactive when dry and subject to rapid inactivation in the wet in contact with animal droppings because of immediate interchange with organic matter therein, or (b) hydrophobic mixtures of diesel oil and tar distillates where there is virtually no interchange of biocide with the litter and consequently no effective control of the microaganisms in the litter, there being the additional drawbacks of irritancy, taint and flammability so far as use in litter is concerned, or (c) volatile, as in the case of formaldehyde and paraformaldehyde which, at the concentrations required to control the flora of a litter effectively over an extended period are irritant and toxic.
The invention consists, in one aspect, in a biocidal composition comprising a substantially anhydrous alkyl benzene sulphonic acid dissolved in a hydrophobic oil base.
It is found that when such composition is in contact with a damp or wet substrate such as animal droppings there is a slow diffusion of the biocidal alkyl benzene sulphonic acid into the aqueous phase. It is, however, remarkable that the composition does not produce an acid reaction despite its high acid content and does not have an irritant effect on day-old livestock. The rate of diffusion of the acid can be increased, if desired, by the incorporation of an anhydrous surfactant such as alkylethylene oxide condensates at a concentration of, say, of up to 10% by weight.
The biocidal spectrum of the composition can be extended or enhanced by the incorporation of essentially anhydrous oil- and water-soluble biocides other than the sulphonic acid, such as phenolic and chlorinated phenolic biocides, iodine, propionic acid, glutyraldehyde and triethylene glycol. Ectoparasites can be controlled by the addition of an oil-soluble, acid-stable insecticide such as synthetic pyrethoids, tetrachlorvinphos, resmithri n and bioresmithrin.
The oil base, which will normally constitute the major proportion of the composition, may be organic or inorganic and, depending on the intended use of the composition, may be selected on the basis of desired features such as cost, lack of toxicity, non-flammability and freedom from taint. Possible hydrophobic oils include liquid paraffin, diesel oil, soya oil, sunflower seed oil, olive oil and coconut oil.
The alkyl benzene sulphonic acid may be any of those having biocidal activity, suitably one of those which are avaiiable commercially in bulk quantities.
The alkyl group may have e.g. from 4to 20 carbon atoms, desirably 8 to 16, with the material nominally referred to as dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid being preferred. The concentration of the sulphonic acid is not critical and, of course, the composition could be supplied as a concentrate for further dilution with oil.
At working strength, depending on its intended application, the composition may suitably contain some 1%-40% ofthe acid.
The invention also consists in a method of sanitizing litter, which consists in applying thereto a biocidal composition as described above. The invention also extends to the treated litter, and to the rearing of livestock thereon.
The litter or carrierforthe biocidal composition of this invention may be any of the usual litter material, generally of vegetable or synthetic origin, such as paper, straw, sawdust, woodshavings, bagasse or the like. The optimum rate of application of the biocidal composition to the litter will vary with the litter make-up but with wood shavings some eight fluid ounces per cubic foot of residual composition (i.e.
less any volatile solvent which may be incorporated) is appropriate. The optimum concentration of biocide and insecticide (if present) will be such asto afford sanitizing activity for at least some weeks at this rate of application. A measure of protection can be obtained even at one tenth and lower of the above-quoted rate, depending on the concentration of the biocide in the oil.The duration of control over
The matter shown in the printed specification between square brackets was furnished after the filing date of the
application, the application as filed being defective as regards this matter. pathogenic organisms deposited in the litter by livestock depends on the intensity of use of the litter and on the frequency at which it is turned and changed, as well as on the rate of application of the composition of the invention and the concentration therein of the biocidal alkyl benzene sulphonic acid.
For example, with broilers, when the composition is applied at the rate of 4 ozs. to 0.3 kg. of litter, control of the litterflora is maintained over a period of some 6 weeks. It is an important advantage of the composition of the invention that the slow release of biocidal acid into the moist vicinity of the droppings results also in an effective control of the pH, preventing or minimising generation of ammonia with its toxic effect on livestock.
The following Examples illustrate how the invention may be carried into effect. The sulphonic acid is referred to as ABS.
Example No. Ingredient % by weight Liquid paraffin 84
ABS 16
2 Liquid paraffin 99
ABS 1
3 Vegetable oil 80
ABS 20
4 Diesel oil 70
ABS 10
Chlorxylenes 20
5 Liquid paraffin 80
ABS 9.9
High boiling phenols 10
Resmethrin 0.1
6 Vegetable oil 90
ABS 9.9
iodine 0.1
7 Liquid paraffin 85
ABS 5
Triethylene glycol 5
When these compositions are applied to litter before introducing young livestock they have evidenced the following substantial advantages over conventional methods of protecting livestock through normal disinfection procedures:
Extended protection from disease as shown by mortality and growth measurements, which are substantially enhanced, improvement in growth being ofthe order of 12% and in food conversion of 8%.
Protection from disease as evidenced by the change in the bacterial flora of the litter, resulting in the substantial elimination of coliform organisms and other pathogens.
Change in the chemical behaviour of the litter the pH changing from an ammoniacal 9-10 to a sweet, sharp 4-5.
Changes in the physical state of the litter, producing a friable, non-dusting litter with consequent reduction in respiritory infections.
Extended protection against insect pests such as litter beetles, mites and flies, especially where an insecticide is incorporated.
Affords possibility of re-use of the litter, with considerable economic benefit.
The biocidal compositions ofthe invention may be used more generally in the farm for example for the surface treatment of cattle sheds and poultry houses. Despite their substantial content of free sulphonic acid the retention of the acid and the slowness of its release to a damp substrate permits their use (with a suitable oil base) e.g. for direct application to cows' udders.
Claims (20)
1. A biocidal composition comprising a substantially anhydrous biocidal alkyl benzene sulphonic acid dissolved in an hydrophobic oil base.
2. A composition as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the alkyl group of the acid has from 4to 20 carbon atoms.
3. A composition as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the alkyl group of the acid has from 8to 16 carbon atoms.
4. A composition as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the biocidal alkyl benzene sulphonic acid is dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid.
5. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the hydrophobic oil base is an organic oil.
6. A composition as claimed in Claim 5 wherein the oil is selected from liquid paraffin, diesel oil, soya oil, sunflower seed oil, olive oil, vegetable oil and coconut oil.
7. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims comprising the biocidal alkyl ben zene sulphonic acid in a concentration of from 1%to 40% by weight.
8. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims further comprising an anhydrous surfactant.
9. A composition as claimed in Claim 8wherein the anydrous surfactant is an alkylethylene oxide condensate.
10. A composition as claimed in Claim 9 comprising the alkylethylene oxide condensate in a concentration of up to 10% by weight.
11. A composition as claimed in any one ofthe preceding claims further comprising one or more substantially anhydrous oil- and water-soluble biocide other than the alkyl benzene sulphonic acid.
12. A composition as claimed in Claim 11 wherein the oil- and water-soluble biocide is selected from phenolic biocides, chlorinated phendic biocides, iodine, propconic acid, glutyraldehyde and triethylene glycol.
13. A composition as claimed in any one of the preceding claims further comprising an oil-soluble, acid stable insecticide.
14. A composition as claimed in Claim 13 wherein the insecticide is selected from synthetic pyrethroids, tetrachlorvinphos, resnithrin and bisresnithrin.
15. Amethod of sanitizing littersuitableforthe rearing of livestock comprising applying to the litter a biocidal composition as claimed in any one of
Claims 1 to 14.
16. A method as claimed in Claim 15 wherein the litter comprises material of vegetable or synthetic origin.
17. A method as claimed in Claim 16 wherein the litter material is selected from paper, straw, sawdust, woodshavings or bagasse.
18. Litter, suitable for the rearing of livestock, whenever prepared by the method as claimed in any one of Claims 15 to 17.
19. A method of rearing livestock comprising rearing the livestock on litter to which has been applied a biocidal composition as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 14.
20. A biocidal composition substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to any one of the accompanying examples.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08133582A GB2108389B (en) | 1981-11-06 | 1981-11-06 | Improvements in and relating to the rearing of livestock |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08133582A GB2108389B (en) | 1981-11-06 | 1981-11-06 | Improvements in and relating to the rearing of livestock |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2108389A true GB2108389A (en) | 1983-05-18 |
| GB2108389B GB2108389B (en) | 1985-08-14 |
Family
ID=10525698
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB08133582A Expired GB2108389B (en) | 1981-11-06 | 1981-11-06 | Improvements in and relating to the rearing of livestock |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2108389B (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0109275A3 (en) * | 1982-11-12 | 1985-05-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Animal litter composition |
| FR2629678A1 (en) * | 1988-04-08 | 1989-10-13 | Chelle Rene | Deodorising and bactericidal product for cat litters |
| EP0365798A1 (en) * | 1988-10-25 | 1990-05-02 | Ytong Ag | Animal litter |
| DE4241079A1 (en) * | 1992-12-05 | 1994-06-09 | Bode Chemie Gmbh & Co | Surface disinfectant, especially for plastic surfaces |
| US5985923A (en) * | 1995-10-19 | 1999-11-16 | Crina S.A. | Composition for treating poultry litter |
| GB2411334A (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2005-08-31 | Joanna Stevenson | Animal bedding with essential oils |
| WO2009021557A1 (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2009-02-19 | Ecolab Inc. | Aqueous composition for inactivating sporulated and/or non-sporulated coccidian parasites |
| WO2013110133A1 (en) * | 2012-01-27 | 2013-08-01 | Gfs Corporation Aus Pty Ltd. | Improved poultry farm practices |
| WO2023158815A1 (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2023-08-24 | Controlled Release Technologies, Inc. | Animal litter compositions and method of ammonia abatment |
-
1981
- 1981-11-06 GB GB08133582A patent/GB2108389B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0109275A3 (en) * | 1982-11-12 | 1985-05-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Animal litter composition |
| FR2629678A1 (en) * | 1988-04-08 | 1989-10-13 | Chelle Rene | Deodorising and bactericidal product for cat litters |
| EP0365798A1 (en) * | 1988-10-25 | 1990-05-02 | Ytong Ag | Animal litter |
| DE4241079A1 (en) * | 1992-12-05 | 1994-06-09 | Bode Chemie Gmbh & Co | Surface disinfectant, especially for plastic surfaces |
| EP0601452A1 (en) * | 1992-12-05 | 1994-06-15 | Bode Chemie GmbH & Co. | Surface disinfectant, in particular for plastic surfaces |
| AU718464B2 (en) * | 1995-10-19 | 2000-04-13 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Composition for the treatment of poultry litter |
| US5985923A (en) * | 1995-10-19 | 1999-11-16 | Crina S.A. | Composition for treating poultry litter |
| GB2411334A (en) * | 2004-02-27 | 2005-08-31 | Joanna Stevenson | Animal bedding with essential oils |
| WO2009021557A1 (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2009-02-19 | Ecolab Inc. | Aqueous composition for inactivating sporulated and/or non-sporulated coccidian parasites |
| CN101795570A (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2010-08-04 | 埃科莱布有限公司 | Aqueous composition for inactivating sporulated and/or non-sporulated coccidian parasites |
| CN101795570B (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2014-06-18 | 埃科莱布有限公司 | Aqueous composition for inactivating sporulated and/or non-sporulated coccidian parasites |
| US9332764B2 (en) | 2007-08-16 | 2016-05-10 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Aqueous composition for inactivating sporulated and/or non-sporulated coccidian parasites |
| WO2013110133A1 (en) * | 2012-01-27 | 2013-08-01 | Gfs Corporation Aus Pty Ltd. | Improved poultry farm practices |
| US10961275B2 (en) | 2012-01-27 | 2021-03-30 | Global Bioprotect Ip Pty Ltd | Poultry farm practices |
| WO2023158815A1 (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2023-08-24 | Controlled Release Technologies, Inc. | Animal litter compositions and method of ammonia abatment |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2108389B (en) | 1985-08-14 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19991106 |